Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Company Name: BamaCon Engineering plc.
Final Internship Practice on: Building
Prepared By: Surafel Abebaw
ID No: ETS 0963/07
Section: 2
Period of internship: February 26 to June 16 2018
Company supervisor:
Fisseha Gebre
Academic supervisor/Advisor: Mulugeta A.
June, 2018G
Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank the almighty God for all the blessings he has
given me. Next, I would like to recognize Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University for its provision of this curriculum. I also want to express my deepest
gratitude to the site Engineer Ato Fisseha Gebre for his great support and guidance
throughout the program. I would also like to acknowledge my universities mentor
instructor Mulugeta and our company foremen Ato. Mohamed, Ato. Girma and general
foreman Ato. Wibishet for their tremendous help throughout the internship program.
Last but not list I want to thank my families and friends who helped me in every single
time being on my side.
Internship Certificate
The under signed declare to the department of civil engineering in Addis Ababa Science
and Technology University is that this final internship report is my own work and all
sources of materials used to the final report for internship program have been done.
Name: Surafel Abebaw
Signature_____________
Date 18 June 2018
The under signed approve the above student has completed his internship program for
four month period under my supervision.
Approval of supervisor
Mr Fisseha Gebre
Signature _____________
Date 18 June 2018
Approval of university mentor
Mr Mulugeta A.
Signature_____________
Date: 18 June 2018
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AASTU
Executive Summary
It is a clear fact that the knowledge of construction engineering cannot be upgraded
without practical experience in each field of the subject matter. This paper is a written
report about the internship program which was planned to help civil engineering
students grasp practical know-how of civil engineering projects, their design,
implementation, evaluation and management in general.
This is a report on the internship program that lasted for four months from February 26
to June7, 2018. I have been learning the vital roles of civil engineer. I was able to see
and supervise how the constructions of different parts of a building takes place.
Furthermore, I was working on some office works. I prepare take off sheet for form
work, concrete work and reinforcement bar schedule. In doing so, I have developed my
theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
This report discuses my overall internship experience that lasted for four months. It has
four main portions. The first part discusses the company’s brief history, organization
and work flow and current status and affaires of the company in the construction
industry.
The second section talks about the overall internship experience, staring from how I
had the opportunity to enroll in the company and going on to the main tasks I performed
and some major site observations that I made.
The third section focuses on the overall benefits I gained from the internship program.
I discussed these benefits in to aspects of what I gained including improving my
practical skills, upgrading my theoretical knowledge, communication skills, team
playing skills, leadership skills, work ethics and entrepreneurship skills.
The last section suggests some remedial measures that the company should take in
regard to some technical errors that I have witnessed on the site. And I have stated my
overall assessment of the whole internship experience and indicated some
improvements that I believe can make it easy for this program to meet its objective.
In short it explains the experiences I have gained during my four month stay. And I
have tried to discuss them with much relation to what I have learnt in the classroom for
the last three years. Also I must admit it was an exciting four month journey, for me
since it was an eye opening practical work experience.
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AASTU
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ..........................................................................................................
Internship Certificate ..................................................................................................... i
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... ii
List of figures................................................................................................................ v
List of tables ................................................................................................................ vi
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Over view of the company ............................................................................ 2
1.2.1Brief description of company profile ............................................................ 2
1.2.2 Mission Statement ........................................................................................ 3
1.2.3 Services ........................................................................................................ 3
1.2.4Machinery and Equipment ............................................................................ 3
1.2.5 Work flow structure ..................................................................................... 6
1.2.6 Past and Present Performance ...................................................................... 6
2 Over all internship experience ................................................................................. 11
2.1How did I get into BamaCon Engineering PLC? ............................................... 11
2.2Tasks I have been Executing .............................................................................. 11
2.2.1 Site works .................................................................................................. 11
2.2.1.1 Form-work construction for slab, column and shear wall. .................. 12
Form work for stair case ............................................................................. 16
2.2.1.2 Reinforcement work ............................................................................ 18
2.213 Concrete work ....................................................................................... 22
2.2.1.4 Reinforced concrete structures ............................................................ 30
2.2.2 Office Works.............................................................................................. 34
3 Overall benefits I gained from the Internship .......................................................... 35
3.1 Improving Practical Skill .................................................................................. 35
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AASTU
3.2 Improving theoretical knowledge ..................................................................... 36
3.3 Improving Interpersonal Communication skill ................................................. 36
3.4 Improving my Team Playing Skill .................................................................... 36
3.5 In Terms of Improving Leadership Skill ........................................................... 37
3.6 Understanding about work ethics and related issues ......................................... 37
4 Problems Identified and Solution Proposed ............................................................. 38
4.1Problem faced due to price escalation ................................................................ 38
4.2 Problem faced due to failure of Tower crane .................................................... 38
4.2 Problem faced due to Electrical works .............................................................. 38
5 Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................... 39
5.1Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 39
5.2 RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................... 40
Appendix .................................................................................................................... 41
References .................................................................................................................. 42
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AASTU
List of figures
Figure 1Past and Present Performance ........................................................................ 10
Figure 2 scaffoldings .................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3 slab form work.............................................................................................. 14
Figure 4 column form work ........................................................................................ 15
Figure 5 shear-wall form-work ................................................................................... 16
Figure 6stair form work .............................................................................................. 17
Figure 7 Storing of form-work .................................................................................... 18
Figure 8 top bar spacer “kebeleto” .............................................................................. 19
Figure 9 spacer............................................................................................................ 19
Figure 10 top reinforcement for slab........................................................................... 19
Figure 11overlap of column bars ................................................................................ 20
Figure 12reinforcement bar f ...................................................................................... 20
Figure 13shear-wall reinforcement ............................................................................. 21
Figure 14stair reinforcement ....................................................................................... 21
Figure 15 electrical junction box or scattola ............................................................... 22
Figure 16cement store................................................................................................. 23
Figure 17 coarse aggregate ......................................................................................... 24
Figure 18 fine aggregate ............................................................................................ 24
Figure 19 water storage tanks ..................................................................................... 25
Figure 20volume batching .......................................................................................... 25
Figure 21 concrete mixer ............................................................................................ 26
Figure 22 transporting concrete with tower crane and skip ........................................ 27
Figure 23 concrete pumping ....................................................................................... 28
Figure 24 placing and compaction of concrete ........................................................... 29
Figure 25 curing.......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 26flat slab ........................................................................................................ 30
Figure 27slabhypoxic admixture................................................................................. 31
Figure 28 screeding..................................................................................................... 31
Figure 29 column casting ............................................................................................ 32
Figure 30 column ........................................................................................................ 32
Figure 31 shear wall.................................................................................................... 33
Figure 32 stair case .................................................................................................... 33
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AASTU
List of tables
Table 1Machinery and Equipment ................................................................................ 5
Table 2 Past and Present Performance .......................................................................... 8
Table 3 take-off sheet format ...................................................................................... 34
Table 4 Reinforcement bar schedule format ............................................................... 35
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AASTU
Introduction
I was on internship program for one full semester at BamaCon Engineering plc. The
site I worked for the past four months is located at Woreda 8 Lideta Sub-City, Addis
Ababa, Mexico area, which is called Alsam site. The project is 2B+G+19 Hotel
Apartment building. The client is Alsam plc. the contractor is BamaCon Engineering
plc., the consultant is Brhanu mussa Architecture & Engineering Consultant, and the
contract manager is Life Consult. The company took the sub structure project on
September 15, 2016 and the super structure on June 22, 2017 for a contract amount of
Birr 221,940,353.85 this contract is changed by a supplementary contract agreement
after 13th floor due to price escalation. The supplementary contract is Birr
236,866,942.65 including 5% contingency and 15% VAT.
The project has a short schedule. Only 14 months are granted to complete the super
structure work and only 21 day to finish each floor with their vertical members. the
project was on the transition from 12th to 13th floor when I started the internship program
and when I finished the program 17th floor work was being completed so I was lucky
enough to see almost five floors work of flat slab and other vertical members like
column, shear walls and stair cases.
The sub-structure rests on 3,500m2 area while, the superstructure have different sizes,
from ground floor up to second floor 2900m2 , third floor 2700m2, and from 4th to 19th
floor have a typical area of 2600m2.
Page | 1
1.2 Over view of the company
BamaCon Engineering PLC is a share, privately owned construction firm with a reliable
record of accomplishment and a bright prospect that matches its high aspiration.
The following volume is an attempt to profile that track record, the prospect and the
aspiration from its effective operating system springs.
This profile includes
Mission statement and brief history of BamaCon Engineering PLC
Its Organizational structure and operating systems
Its existing capacity and experience
The inclusion of these elements in the profile, we presume, will give the concerned
reader an insight on the substance BamaCon Engineering PLC
1.2.1Brief description of company profile
Established as a grade VII construction firm in 2005 using the name of the owner and
general manager as Girma Gelaw Building Contractor, BamaCon Engineering
registered with the ministry of infrastructure, has grown to be a very competitive
Grade I Building Contractor with favorable prospects for a role of excellence in the
construction industry.In the thirteen years of its growth, the firm has always believed
that capacity dependsmore on organizational and human .resource development than on
equipment andfinance.
In this belief, the firm has invested a significant portion of its time and money on:





Retaining and developing a highly professional management team.
Training and motivating its technical staff, from the craftsmen to the senior
engineers, to achieve and maintain high standards.
Devising and practicing a modern and effective organizational structure.
Solicit counseling and conduct selected research to assist in strategic
planning.
Devising and continuously improving on a system of operation that is guided
by written head office and project guide lines, both of which were the result
of the combined efforts of professionals of high standards.
And the result has been a firm with a work force that can take on any challenge in the
form of a construction job. With respect to capacity in terms of equipment, while
acquisition of major machinery has been dictated by the need to satisfy the regulatory
body’s (ministry of infrastructure’s) capacity requirements, special emphasis on
equipment that are specifically appropriate to BamaCon Engineering’s own method of
construction were also sought and acquired. Hitherto, financial capacity has always
been commensurate to the cash flow requirements of the projects. This has been partly
Page | 2
due to the firm’s good credit record with clients, insurance companies, banks and
construction material suppliers perhaps the most important creditors to any construction
firm. Looking back, the path BamaCon Engineering PLC traveled over the last years
seems to be a path of initiation for the competitive challenges of the third millennium.
1.2.2 Mission Statement
We the leaders and followers of this business entity as a team shall:
 Ever survive as a business entity that is committed to the creation of excellent
values that always strives to balance the utility needs of customers, employees,
managers and shareholders.
 Create and sustain a combination of individual excellence (manifested in
purposeful, visionary and exemplary leadership of our management) and
communal values (expressed as the creative, harmonious, and motivated team
spirit of our employees) that will ensure the vitality, strength and propagation
of
our business entity.
 Uphold the maxim that (“All things are changing and we are changing with
them”) since change is a universal and continuous phenomenon that positively
affects our customers, employees, managers and shareholders, so as to always
prepare and provide for change, however violent.
1.2.3 Services
BamaCon Engineering PLC, through years of vast experience dealing with project
management and contract administration issues in different construction projects, has
specialized in construction of:







Residential Houses
Office Building Complexes
Hospitals
Hotels
Factories
Warehouses
Multi-Purpose Buildings
1.2.4Machinery and Equipment
Item Equipment type
Brand
Year
of Capacity
Qty.
Owner
Man.
A. Vehicles
1
Pickup
Toyota, Japan
2008
10qtl
1
Owned
Toyota, Japan
1986
10 qtl
1
“
Mitsuibshi, Japan
2008
10 qtl
1
“
Page | 3
1987
15m3
2
“
(Double Nissan UD, Japan
2006
14m3
1
“
Mitsubishi, Japan
2006
14m2
2
“
ISUZU, Japan
2008
30 qtl
1
“
ISUZU, Japan
2010
30 qtl
1
“
Toyota, Japan
1990
4 person
1
“
IVECO Turbo
2
Dump
truck
Axel
3
ISUZU
4
B. Machineries
1
Tower Crane
Simma GT 183,Italy 2002
6 Tom
1
“
2
Crane
KATO, Japan
1995
10 Ton
1
“
3
Excavator
CAT-212BFT
1991
104HP
1
“
CAT-DL320
2008
140HP
1
“
Bin Ford
1989
5 Ton
1
“
BMW
2006
10 Ton
1
“
Heavenly ZL 15C
2002
5m2
1
“
2008
48HP
1
“
Lombardini, Italy
2008
750lit
12
“
Lombardini, Italy
2006
360 lit
16
“
2006
6
“
2006
3
“
15
Owned
22
“
4
5
Roller
Loader
C. Equipment’s
1.
Stone Crusher
2
Concrete Mixer
3
Plate compactor
4
Tamper
Honda, Japan
5
Concrete vibrator
Robin, Japan
Exen
Electrical
Page | 4
Item
Equipment type
Brand
Year
of Capacity
Qty.
Owner
Electrical
1 inch
4
“
Lombardini, diesel
2.5 Inch
1
“
2 inch
2
“
3 inch
2
“
Man.
6
Water Pump
Robin Japan
D. Surveying Instrument
1
Theodolite
Sokkia
1
“
2
Level
Sokkia
5
“
E. Miscellaneous Items (Formwork, etc.)
1.
Formwork (steel)
Steel
6000m2
-
“
Plywood
16,000m2
-
“
2
Props
4500pcs
-
“
3.
Tubular Prop (External
2500pcs
-
“
16,000m2
-
“
Wood
800pcs
-
“
Aluminum
600pcs
-
“
1000m2
-
Owned
Scaffolding)
4
Slab Scaffolding g
5
I-Beam for Formwork
6.
Scaffolding
for Steel
plastering
7
8
Generator
Reinforcement
Coverage area
Robin,Japan
2008
5kva
1
“
China
2006
12.5kva
2
“
China
2007
15Kva
8
“
bar China
2006
12-24
2
“
HCB China
2007
1000pc/day
2
“
8000lit
2
“
5000lit
4
“
1000lit
4
“
bending machine
9
Mechanical
making machine
10
Water tanker
Table 1Machinery and Equipment
Page | 5
1.2.5 Work flow structure
Managing Director
Deputy
General
Technical Manager
Manager
Equipment
and
Operations Manager
Finance and
Engineer
Projec
Contract
Procuremen
Store
Equipment
Administrat
ing
t
Administra
t and Supply
Keeper
Operators
Department
Construct
Quantity
Account
ion
Surveyor
ants
Engineer
Purchas
er
Site
Office
Engineer
Cash
Forem
Site
Engineer
Accounting
System
1.2.6 Past and Present Performance
The following table summarizes major construction jobs BamaCon Engineering PLC
took over the past four to five years which are relevant to the current job at hand in
nature and complexity.
Page | 6
No.
Project type
Employer
Period
Of %
Contract
of Prime
work
Contracto
Complete r
d
(P)
Mixed Use Buildings
1.
Mixed-Use-A.A
Ato Alemayehu Tameru 540 days
100
P
2.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Ato Mesfin Mengesha
730 days
100
P
3.
Mixed-Use –A.A
OMEDAD PLC
1,095 days
100
P
4.
Mixed-Use –A.A
NEHCO Trading PLC
720 days
100
P
5.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Ato Jonny Seifu
730 days
100
P
6.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Afework Int. Group
540 days
100
P
7.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Atkilt Tera Mar. Center
1,080 days
89
P
8.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Dagi PLC
450 days
100
P
9.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Military Tera Merchants 420 days
100
P
S.Co.
10.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Admas Zemenawi
610 days
93
P
11.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Ato Bahiru Abraham
540 days
100
P
12.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Ethiopian
Evangelical 365 days
100
P
Church
Mekane
Yesus
13.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Adika tour & Travel
365 days
100
P
14.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Enat Real Estate
730 days
100
P
15.
Mixed-Use –A.A
Emiru
Elizabeth 320 days
100
P
Alemayehu 720 days
100
P
545 days
100
P
Trade
& 730 days
57
P
Ato Ayele G/medhin
140 days
100
P
&
Business
Hotel Buildings
1.
Saromaria Hotel
Ato
Nigussie
2.
Hotel –A.A.
Ato Habtamu Desta
3.
Hotel –A.A.
Alemgenet
Industry
4.
Hotel –A.A.
Apartment Building
Page | 7
1.
Apartment-A.A
Ene Tsehaye Zemui
300 days
100
P
2.
Apartment-A.A
AL SAM PLC
570 days
93
P
3.
Apartment-A.A
SACUUR Real Estate 450 days
38
P
PLC
Hospital Buildings
1.
Hospital-A.A
Ato Berhane Dagnew
240 days
100
P
Factory Buildings
1.
Factory- B
IHRAK Int. PLC
240 days
100
P
2.
Factory -B
STEELY RMI
365 days
100
P
3.
Factory -B
Kanoria Textile
600 days
100
P
Rwanda Embassy
365 days
100
P
Office Buildings
1.
G+3 Office
Table 2 Past and Present Performance
AMBASSADORMIXEDUSEBUILDING
Owner-Ambassador Garment & TradingPLC
Location–Arat-Killo,
Project Status – Ongoing (88% Completed)
Page | 8
Bahiru Mixed Use Building
Type – Mixed Use Building
Time of Commencement – May
Bloomtech Shop & OfficeComplex
Location – Kazanchis, Next To
Radison Hotel.
Owner – Bloomtech PLC.
Page | 9
Project: - Four Point By Sheraton,
2B+G+23 Hotel Building Project
Location: - Bole, Flamingo
Project Status: - 57% Completed
RAKEB & NAHOM MIXED USE BUILDING
PROJECT
Project Status: Completed
Location – Bole Road, Around Japan Embassy, Next
To Ethio-Ceramic Head office.
Owner: RANG PLC.
Figure 1Past and Present Performance of BamaCon
Page | 10
2 Over all internship experience
2.1How did I get into BamaCon Engineering PLC?
An internship program is planned to create a good interaction between universities and
industries, and also create students that have the capability of facing and solving
practical problems. Because of these reasons Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University has given a great attention to this program in helping students.
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, College of Architecture and Civil
Engineering gave me internship placement request letter to search for hosting company.
I requested Justice and BamaCon Construction firms and MH consulting firm for
internship acceptance. Justice accepted me without any precondition but BAMACON
and MH requested me to submit my grade report and after evaluating my grade report
they accepted my request. I have received an acceptance letter from all the three firms
however I chose to join BamaCon Engineering PLC for my next internship program,
and then I have submitted the acceptance letter to Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University.
On the 26th of February 2018, I went to BamaCon Engineering plc. main office. They
gave me a chance to choose the nearest site from my house, and I have selected Alsam
site then I came to start my internship program, by giving the evaluation paper to the
site engineer Ato. Fisseha Gebre.
2.2Tasks I have been Executing
I have been executing two types of tasks during the internship program the works are
divided in to two parts. These are:
Site work
Office work
2.2.1 Site works
In the site work, I have been observing, studying, and supervising different tasks on the
site. During my responsibility on site I have witnessed that project was very fast, and
in each single day there were form work, bar production and placing, and concrete
casting. The goal was to finish a slab floor and its vertical members within 21 days as
stated on the supplementary contract agreement number 3. When I started my internship
program the project was at a transition from the 12th to 13th floor, and at the end of my
4th month we have finished 17th floor slab and its vertical elements so I had the
opportunity to work five slabs and its vertical members.
Works in which I have seen and participated are listed below.
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This are:Form-work construction for slab, columns, shear walls, lift shafts, and stair
cases.
Reinforcement placement for slab, columns, lift shafts, shear walls and stair
cases.
Concrete casting for slab, column, lift shaft, shear walls, and stair cases.
2.2.1.1 Form-work construction for slab, column and shear wall.
Form-work is a temporary structure used as a mound to cast the members of the
structure at site. Form-work is also known as false-work or shuttering. Form-work is
erected at its correct position before concrete is poured in it. Poured cement concrete is
consolidated in the form-work and allowed to harden to gain strength. The formwork is
allowed to remain in position till the poured concrete gains sufficient strength and can
withstand the loads coming on it without the help of the formwork. After this, the form
work is stripped off.
Form work is quite a costly item and hence its proper design and construction can
reduce the cost of the construction considerably. In our site when a lot of similar
elements like shear wall, stair case, and columns are to be constructed, a good deal of
saving is adopting by using a form work which could be used for a number of times.
For this form work is constructed in such a way that stripping and erection involves
least labor and with no possibilities of damage.
Form-work in our site is done by two subcontractors working directly under the
contractor (BamaCon Engineering plc.). The work is given for two sub-contractors in
order to save time.
The form work we have been using in our site are timber forms. We selected timber
for the following reasons:
1. It is easy to erect
2. It is economical
3. It can be made in any shape and size as per requirement
But timber forms suffer disadvantage of warping, swelling, and shrinkage effect. To
minimize these defect we cover the wooden form work by coating it with release oil.
This coating prevent the concrete from adhering to the form work.
Form-work for slab
The site I have been working is designed as a flat slab with neither drop panel nor
column head also called flat plate, so the form work needed for the slab is bottom and
side forms. Before laying form work (plywood) we set up a temporary structure to
Page | 12
support the formwork. In our site we have been using a scaffolding, the scaffolding
provides a working platform without obstructing the space below it.
The scaffolding consists of vertical posts fixed to common sole (leg) piece at their base
and to a head piece at the top. Joists are supported over head piece and lastly decking
beams are placed on top of the head piece. After this, the formworks (plywood’s) or
foundo are placed on the decking beams end to end covering the area of the slab and
some additional for working space.
Figure 2 scaffoldings
Page | 13
Figure 3 slab form work
Supervision of slab form work
Before casting of concrete starts, the formwork foreman and I checks that:
Are the he scaffoldings are at the required spacing
Are the scaffoldings are securely braced and have a firm bearing
Are the scaffoldings are at the right level (the head and the soles are leveled at
24cm and the body is 2.4m totally they give us 2.88m.)
Has the form work has the right dimension
Are the plywood properly done and free from any holes and dirt?
Form-work for column
The first thing in constructing column form work was finding the center of the column
and marking the required dimension for bracing a box with cracheri prepared by
allowing 7cm. in each direction for the form work, then after the reinforcement bar are
placed, timber framed
Sheathing and the yokes will joined by nail.
A column form work consists of the following elements:
Sheathing: These are vertical timber planks provided all along the perimeter of
the column. These are generally 2cm. thick plywood and also known as sponda.
Yoke : The side and end yokes consist of two numbers each and are suitably
spaced along the length of the form work
Page | 14
Figure 4 column form work
Supervision of column form work
For the safety of the workmen and the concrete structure itself its assembly and bracing
should be carefully inspected for strength by the supervisor. Before casting concrete,
the form-work foreman and I checks the form-work for the following requirements.
Have all the joints been sealed to prevent grout loss?
Is the form work correctly aligned?
Has the right number of ties (yokes) been used and are they are in the right
place?
Are all the ties (yokes) properly tightened?
Form-work for shear-walls and lift shaft
Vertical member referred to as weraj are fixed based on center to center measurement.
Then one side (internal side) of the formwork is placed in order to support the bars to
be placed. It is supported by horizontal woods called kerebat, which are pined in the
vertical wooden members called quami externally to help the ply wood stay stiff then
plywood is erected on the other side of shear wall, then after the correct dimension
and alignment is checked using tape and rope which are projected using plumb bob or
tumby. After that the form work is fixed with kerebat .
Page | 15
Super vision
Vertical and horizontal alignments are checked using tape and plumb bob. Rope
(sibago) are placed laterally and they are projected vertically to the next kerebat using
plum bob and the distance from the rope to the shear wall is checked using tape.
Figure 5 shear-wall form-work
Form work for stair case
Panels are laid as a form work for soffit on the supporting members called props
standing on different level on the lower floor stair. Then lateral form work is done by
measuring 30cm for the going and 15cm for riser.
Supervision
First we checked the level of the landing of the stair cases as discussed below. The
Vertical floor to floor height from the bottom floor to the next floor is 3.3m. To find the
height from the landing concrete finish to the next floor concrete finish we divide floor
to floor length by two, (That is 3.3/2 = 1.65m) and the landing slab is 26cm. thick, and
rope (sibago) is placed 10cm above the finished concrete surface, hence the
measurement from the rope (sibago) to the landing should be 2.01m. (I.e. 1.65m +.26m
+.10m = 2.01m). In this way the level of the landing is checked. As for the trade, a
plumb bob (Tumby) with a nails attached on it with a gap of every 15 cm with the
corresponding elevation is placed on a horizontal member. Then the distance from the
interior face of each step form work to the nail is measured to check the length of trade
(going) with respect to its correct elevation. As for the raiser a rope or sibago is placed
on the left and right side 10cm away from the top slab floor then using a tape length
Page | 16
from the sibago to bottom of the rise form work is measured and the measurement
should correspond to (1.75-n*0.15) i.e. for first riser 1.75-1*0.15=1.6m, for the second
riser1.75-2*0.15=1.45m.
Figure 6stair form work
Form work dismantling
Formworks should be stripped as soon as the required setting time for the casted
concrete is met so, in order to facilitate maximum reuse of forms. Stripping time of the
form-works and the supporting props depends on different factors like the type of
cement used, ratio of concrete mix, weather condition of the site and the span of the
structural member. By considering all the above points we remove the props
(scaffolding) and the soffit of slab and stair case were removed after 21 days. Side forms
from columns, shear walls and lift shafts were removed after 12 to 16 hours.
Storing of form-work
Timber were stored in the site on a well-treated and even surfaced beams, at least 20
cm above the ground level. Contact with water were avoided under all circumstances.
Page | 17
Figure 7 Storing of form-work
2.2.1.2 Reinforcement work
Reinforced concrete is designed on the principle that steel and concrete act together in
resisting force. The grade of reinforcement bars used in the site were S500 and above
for diameter 12 and above bars and S400 for other bars.
Reinforcement work for slab
The flat slab we used has neither drop panel nor column head so the loads are directly
transferred from the slabs to the columns. So to resist the punching sheer developed
around the columns we provided a diameter 12 reinforcement bars at 1.2m radius from
the face of columns.
The reinforcement in the slab is varied similar to there is a difference in distribution of
lateral moment in the flat slab panels. The structural drawing of our slab is divided in
to column and middle strip.
The columns strips are provided first with a bottom reinforcement of diameter 12
and 14 mm bars with a spacing of 12cm and then a top reinforcement of diameter 16mm
bars with a spacing of 10cm were used to resist the negative moment in both x and y
direction.
The middle strips are provided with a bottom reinforcement of diameter 12 and 14
mm bars with a spacing of 12cm. were used to resist the positive moment. A top
reinforcement of diameter 12mm bars with a spacing of 20cm were used in both x and
Page | 18
y direction. After the bottom mesh is completed a concrete spacer of 15mm is placed,
and a distribution bar of 12mm diameter tied on ‘top bar spacer’ (kebeleto), then top
bars are laid (both x and y direction).
Figure 8 top bar spacer “kebeleto”
Figure 9 spacer
We need that the overlapping of reinforcement bars should be around areas where
moment anticipated is minimum, hence strict supervision was carried out in the
overlapping area of reinforcement bars. So overlapping of top bars occurs at the middle
strip of the slab, and overlapping of bottom bars occurs at the column strip of the slab.
Figure 9 bottom reinforcement for slab
Figure 10 top reinforcement for slab
Reinforcement work for column
The columns used on this project have same number of reinforcement bars i.e. 24 bars
in each column. The variable thing is their shape, their section size and the diameter of
reinforcement bar used. Four diameters 24 mm and 20 diameter 20mm bars are used
for octagonal columns and 24 diameter 16mm bars are used for the square columns.
Construction were carried out following these steps. Reinforcement bar of a required
dimension and arrangement are prepared and fitted to the overlapped bars which are
already available on previous columns. The specification guides that the overlap of
Page | 19
reinforcement bars for columns is 60∅. To minimize wastage of reinforcement due to
overleaping, only half of the bars overlaps and the other half continues to the next floor,
i.e. the first half bars cut at a length of 4.5m (3.3+60*0.02), and the other half cut at a
length of 7.8m (3.3+3.3+60*0.02) . The 7.8m can serve for 2 consecutive floors on its
own. This methodology is implemented because it’s more convenient in terms of
strength and economy. Stirrups with the specified spacing are placed and tied. Three
types of stirrup were used for the octagonal and two type for the rectangular. The stirrup
used in columns are of diameter 10mm and 8mm as specified in the section drawing.
The dimensions and diameter of longitudinal bar of the column decreased with an
increase in floor elevation. This is because loads on a column are getting less and less
as we go up. When dimensions are reduced bars are bent towards the inside of the
column by using a bar bender called bega and when shape is changed from octagonal
to rectangular bars on the slanted part are bent inside and new bars with the right
diameter are inserted at the corners.
Figure 11overlap of column bars
Figure 12 column reinforcement bar
Reinforcement for shear wall and lift
All shear walls are reinforced with 14mm diameter longitudinal bar and U bars are used
as a bar spacer for all members. The construction process of shear wall is more like to
columns in which main reinforcement and stirrup are placed as per its structural design.
Page | 20
Figure 13 shear-wall reinforcement
Reinforcement for stair case
Reinforcement for stair is a little bit more complicated than other structures. The stair
reinforcement are came out of the shear walls and projected up and down from the
landing. Diameter 16 bars are used as a main bar and diameter 12 bars are used laterally
and diameter 8 bars are used as a riser bar.
Figure 14 stair reinforcement
Page | 21
Electrical installation
Electrical installation starts immediately after reinforcement placing is completed the
electricians install the conduits according to the electrical drawing. The conduits are
covered before concrete is filled to prevent clogging of cables. At site, electrical
installation were done for the following units’ light bulbs, switches, bells, and fire
alarms.
Figure 15 electrical junction box or scattola
2.213 Concrete work
Cement concrete is an artificial material obtained by mixing cement coarse aggregate
fine aggregate and water, in suitable proportions. All these ingredients, when freshly
mixed, produce a plastic mass which can be poured in to suitable forms or molds, to
give desired shape to the resulting solid mass. Plastic mass gets get converted into solid
stone-like hard mass with passage of time, due to chemical action takes place between
cement and water. Aggregates (both course as well as fine) which are mineral materials
like sand, gravel, crushed stone etc. do not under go any chemical change. They simply
provide mass volume to the concrete and reduce shrinkage effect. Hardened cement
concrete resembles stone, in weight strength and hardness.
The property of cement concrete are dependent upon the quality and proportion of the
ingredients used in the mix. The controls exercised during various operations starting
from mixing of aggregates to the placement in the forms or molds, also greatly influence
the properties of the concrete. The grade of concrete used in this project is C30 for slab
and stair case, and C40 for the vertical structures (columns, shear walls, lift shafts)
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Component material for concrete
Cement
Portland cement is a binding material which is used in concrete. The quality and
strength of concrete is directly related to the type of cement used. In our site four
different cement brands are used. These are Dangote, Derba, National and Ethio
cement. The type of cement used in the project is ordinary Portland cement (OPC).
Cement shall be of specified type and quality and delivered to the site in the
manufacturer’s original sealed bags, fresh not older than six months.
Storage of Cement
Cement stored in our site is in a building which is dry, leak proof and moisture proof.
The building have one window and one close fitting doors which is kept closed at all
times except during loading and unloading. Cement received in bags are prevented from
coming into contact with any dampness or moisture. Cement bags are stacked on
wooden planks maintaining a minimum clearance of 200 mm from the floor. A
minimum clear space of 450 mm shall be provided between the stacks and any exterior
wall but the clearance space was not provided. Maximum height of the stack shall be
15 bags and the width not more than four bags or 3m.The bags are stacked closely as to
minimize the surface area exposed to air.
Generally in our site the store is more or less satisfies most of the requirements, and
Different types of cements are stacked and stored separately.
Figure 16cement store
Page | 23
Aggregates
Mineral filler materials, used in cement concrete, are known as aggregates. In our site
Sand and crushed rock are used as coarse aggregates river sand is used as fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate
The grade of aggregate used is 20mm (02). The aggregates are stockpiled on clear hard
surface to prevent contamination by other material.
Fine aggregate
It is an aggregate whose particles pass through 4.75mm mesh sieve and are entirely
retained on 0.07 mm mesh. Fine aggregate we have been using is known as Langano
sand.
Storage of Aggregate
The aggregates are stored at site on a hard, dry and level ground. To avoid Contact with
clay, dust, vegetable and other foreign matters the ground was cleaned before unloading
starts. Fine aggregate are stored in a place where loss due to the effect of wind is
minimum, in the leeward side behind the wall of the building.
Figure 17 coarse aggregate
Figure 18 fine aggregate
Fine and coarse aggregates shall either be stored separately or heaps be separated by
dividing walls. However in the site I have observed that there is no dividing wall and
the aggregates were being mid.
Water
Water is added to the cement concrete to bring the hydration of cement and lubricate
the aggregate particles. Water which is suitable for drinking is useful for concrete also.
We have been using water from the public drinking line, but when water from the
drinking line was not available water was being supplied by trucks, and was being
stored in tanks,
Page | 24
Figure 19 water storage tanks
Concrete batching
Concrete consists of a mix of cement, sand, course aggregate and water. To get the
required quality, the mix must properly designed and the right amount of each material
should be correctly batched. The type of batching we have been using in our site was
volume batching. The aggregates were measured by a standard wheelbarrow which was
custom made for this site.
Figure 20volume batching
Mixing of concrete
In order to attain a concrete having all the four ingredients are uniformly distributed
through the volume and to get the right quality concrete, proper mechanical mixing
have been executed in our site. The mixer we used in our site is called fixed automatic
Page | 25
mixer which has a hopper and a pump connected to gauge to read the supplied water in
to the mixer.
The mixing process requires close inspection. It’s one of the mixer driver
responsibilities to ensure that the concrete is properly mixed.
Mixing methodology used:
The materials must put in to the hopper in the right order. Where the hopper turns upside
down to discharge in to the mixer the material batched first is last out and since we want
the hopper to discharge cleanly, it is better if the coarse aggregate can push the smaller,
stickier sand and cement out in front of it: hence the coarse aggregate usually goes in
to the hopper first and the cement is put on the top of the sand these results in some of
the cement blown away by the wind.
After coarse aggregate, sand, cement are putted in the hopper, feed the materials in to
the mixer at the same time as part of the water.
In single mix 1m3 of concrete is prepared. In order prepare these 1m3 of concrete we
use 3 wheelbarrow of course aggregate, 2 wheelbarrow of fine aggregate, and the
amount of cement varies depending on the required grade of concrete, 8 bags for C40
and 6 bags for C30. The mixer have a water tank and a gauge for measuring water, and
also the amount of water added is also differs with the grade of the concrete, water is
pumped into the mixer for 28 seconds for C30 and 31 seconds for C40.
Figure 21 concrete mixer
Page | 26
Transportation of concrete
The transportation of concrete is an essential item in the process of concrete
construction. Concrete which is prepared by machine mixing has to be transported to
its place of use before setting of cement starts. During transportation efforts were made
to prevent segregation or loss of any ingredients.
Various methods are available for transporting concrete. Depending on the required
movement of concrete, in our site transporting of concrete have been executed using
buckets, wheel borrows and pump.
Methodology used for transportation:
Vertical movement
We used skips or bagoni in conjunction with tower cranes. This method is the most
common method for handling and distributing concrete on most sites where concrete
has to be transported vertically as well as horizontally. The type of skip we used is
known as constant attitude skip with bottom opening. The skips are of two different
sizes the smaller one has a capacity of 0.42m3 and the larger one has a capacity of 0.8m3
concrete.
Horizontal movement
Wheelbarrows were used for handling small quantities of concrete over a short distance,
and were used in areas which were inaccessible with the tower crane.
Figure 22 transporting concrete with tower crane and skip
Page | 27
Pumping concrete
One of the main advantage of pumping concrete is that concrete can be moved both
horizontally and vertically so that only one method of transportation is required. The
concrete mix used has designed not only to satisfy the specification requirement but
also to be pumpable. Basically, this calls for a mix which is not prone to segregation or
to bleeding and which has a low enough frictional resistance for the pump to be able to
push it along the pipeline. Ready-mix concrete trucks supplied the concrete used for
the pump.
We started using pump as a transportation for concrete when the tower crane failed to
supply due to mechanical problems of the crane motor
Methodology:
We used cement for grouting the pipeline about 1 bag for every 20 m. of pipeline.
We start concreting at the furthest point from the pump and work back, uncoupling a
length or two of the pipeline as necessary.
Figure 23 concrete pumping
Placing of concrete
The concrete should be placed and compacted before setting starts. The method of
placing concrete should be such as to prevent its segregation. It should not be dropped
from high height but at site this problem is frequently shown at columns and shear walls.
During construction of structural elements, the concrete mix is placed most of the time
in a mold or formwork prepared and then vibrated with a special hose. This placing
activities need care. Placing must be in appropriate manner.
Compaction of concrete
Page | 28
After concrete has been mixed, transported and placed it contains entrapped air in the
form of voids. The object of compaction is to get rid of as much as possible of this
unwanted entrapped air down to less than 1%is the air but it is obvious that does not
apply with deliberate air entrainment. Voids reduce the strength of the concrete so
concrete must be properly compacted with in its limit to reduce the voids since fully
compacted concrete will be dense strong durable and impermeable.
The type of vibrator we used is known as internal or needle vibrator which is one of
mechanical compaction. Compaction was being carried out for such a time that a layer
of mortar starts appearing at the compacted surface. Hence both over and under
vibration are harmful for concrete both were not allowed in our site. Due to over
vibration, coarse aggregate particles sink to the bottom and cement and sand mortar
appears at the top. This make the concrete structure heterogeneous, and hence affect
strength.
Figure 24 placing and compaction of concrete
Curing of concrete
It is true that the amount of water normally used at the time of mixing is adequate for
hardening purpose, however, the loss from evaporation from the time the concrete is
mixed and placed is usually so rapid that there may not be enough of it left for full
hydration and hardening. Excessive loss of water due to evaporation may cause the
hydration process to stop all together with a consequent reduced strength development.
In addition, if concrete dries out too quickly by exposure to sun and wind, it will shrink.
This early and usually rapid shrinkage will result in tensile stresses that will lead to
surface cracks.
Page | 29
In our site curing was performed by sprinkling water on concrete surface. Sprinkling
water was being done twice a day (at morning and at night) for a week. This curing
system is popular in our country but the process requires a large amount of water
Figure 25 curing
2.2.1.4 Reinforced concrete structures
Figure 26flat slab
Slab
Slabs are constructed to provide a flat horizontal surface  different story of the
building. The type of slab used in our site is a flat slab with neither column head nor
drop panel also known as flat plate. Flat slab or flat plate is a reinforced concrete
structure, which is directly supported by columns without the use of beams.
Page | 30
The slabs were casted using the following procedure and methodology. First the formworks are placed and checked, then reinforcement bars are placed according to drawing.
Bar placement on slab form work is as discussed in reinforcement of slab, after
reinforcement work is finished electrical sanitary and telecommunication works are
performed as per each drawing guides. Then a 26cm thick C-30 grade of concrete is
casted.
It is not possible for the whole slab floor to be casted at once; hence casting is stopped
at distance one-third or two-third from support face. At construction joints (hard casted
concrete and freshly casted concrete); mixture of cement grout is splashed to enhance
the bond between newly casted concrete and the old settled concrete. If the time gap
between the fresh concrete to be casted and the hard is high cement grout mixed with
hypoxic (admixture) admixtures is used. Most of the time we have used hypoxic when
we cast stair case.
Figure 27slabhypoxic admixture
Figure 28 screeding
Elevation Columns
Columns are reinforced structures which transmit the axial loads coming from the slab
to the foundations. Columns used in our site vary in size and shape. Octagonal columns
were used till 16th floor. On the 16th floor square columns were introduced. There are
four types of columns in each floor C1, C2, C3&C4 and they are 31 in number.
Form work of required width, length and height are painted by release oils and erected
around reinforcement bars with spacers tied to them. The spacer provide a concrete
cover of 25mm. Each formwork (panels) placed and properly aligned by using plumb
bob (Tumby). After proper formwork is placed, and both the vertical and horizontal
alignment checked the column is casted with C-40 grade of concrete. The air voids
Page | 31
inside the concrete removed by using internal vibrator. Total height of column must be
casted monotonically. This is due to the weakness of construction joints and shear force
is constant for columns for its entire length. Casting was done by transporting concrete
with tower crane and skip (bagoni) and shooter is used to place concrete at the exact
location.
Figure 29 column casting
Figure 30 column
Shear walls and lift shafts
Shear walls are vertical structural elements which are designed to resist horizontal
forces. These are solid walls, which usually extend over the full height of the building.
They are used to resist a large part of the lateral loads caused by wind or earthquakes
and uplift force. Alsam project have four interior concrete core walls around the
elevator and the stair case. Such walls may be considered as shear walls. Shear walls
are also placed as exterior walls or as interior walls of the building. There are 5 types
of shear wall i.e. SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, and SW5, and they are 22 in numbers in one
floor.
Shear walls were constructed at the site of the project following these procedures. First
reinforcement bars according to the drawing are placed and a spacer of 25mm is tied on
the reinforcement’s bars to provide a concrete cover for the bars, then the supporting
structure and form work is built as explained in shear wall form-work, after the form
work and reinforcement are checked by the supervisor C40 grade concrete is casted.
Stair case
Page | 32
Stair cases were constructed at the site of the project following these procedures. First
the supporting structure and form work is built. Next, reinforcement bars are placed
according to the drawing, a spacer of 25mm is placed below the bottom on the
reinforcement bars to provide a concrete cover for the bars, then before casting concrete
there was translation of work between the form work sub-contractors and the concrete
workers. So everything was checked to mm. accuracy, then the stair cases were casted
with C30 grade of concrete.
Figure 31 shear wall
Figure 32 stair case
Page | 33
2.2.2 Office Works
The office work was all about preparing takeoff sheet and bar schedule which I have
learned last semester in specification and quantity survey class so it was a little bit easy
for me so I spent most of my time in helping the students who did not take the course
yet.
After all the students in the session have got the know how in preparing take off sheet
and bar schedule our supervisor engineer fisseha gave us an assignment to prepare the
takeoff and bar schedule for the 15th floor slab and all its vertical members. We finished
and submitted the assignment after two week and he was amazed by our performance
in the work.
Preparing Takeoff sheet and Re-bar Schedule
In our site takeoff is calculated only to know the amount of works executed in
construction site. Bill of quantity is prepared by office engineers and submitted to main
office. The contract agreement used in our site is lump sum hence, the take bill of
quantity is only prepared to know the contractors profit with in each week.
Re-bar schedule is used to record location, shape, diameter and length of re-bars
together
with number of members and center to center distance (for stirrups) and total quantities
of the bars taken from structural details.
Takeoff sheet format.
Timizing L/W/D Product Description
It.
L/W/D Product Description
No
Table 3 take-off sheet format
Page | 34
Reinforcement bars Schedule format
It.
Locati
Typ Shap
Ø
Le
No.
No
N
on
e
(m
ngt
of
. of tal
m)
h
bars me
(m
per
mb of
)
me
er
e
o
mbe
To
no.
Total length
(m)
bar
s
Ø6
Ø8
Ø 10
Ø12 Ø14 Ø16 Ø 20
Ø 24
.22 .39
.617
.88
1.2
1.5
2.46
3.552
8
09
79
7
r
Total length(m)
Weight(kg/m)
2
5
Total weight(kg)
Table 4 Reinforcement bar schedule format
3 Overall benefits I gained from the Internship
This internship program gave me many opportunities to test and to upgrade my skills
with interconnection to theoretical knowledge in many ways. Fortunately, the project I
have been working for the last 4 months is designed with a flat slab, so I had the
opportunity to observe the construction of flat slab, which I had learned the design part
in the Reinforced concrete structure two(R.C 2). So the internship program gave me an
opportunity to link my theoretical design knowledge in to a practical construction
knowledge and skill.
The internship program was very educating experience in terms of improving my
practical skills, theoretical knowledge, interpersonal communication skills, team
playing skills, leadership skills and also in terms of understanding about work ethics
related issues and entrepreneurship skills.
3.1 Improving Practical Skill
I have acquired a tremendous amount of practical skill regarding current techniques
used in the construction project. For instance I knew
 How to check stair form-work using plum boob and tape.
 How to dimension and check the vertical alignment of column form-work using
plumb bob.
Page | 35
 How to bend a bar using bega
 How to read electrical drawings and install electrical conduits.
3.2 Improving theoretical knowledge
I have been able to gain a great deal of knowledge in this internship program. The
program helped me to interpret and analyze the previous courses which I have taken in
the class.
I will try to mention some of it:
Most of theoretical knowledge I gathered were from the office work. We knew that we
took specification and quantity survey class last, but the terminology we used in the
class were not clear so I tried to rise those question to our office engineer and she
explained them clearly with the actual contract agreement and payment certificate. I
will try to mention some of the terminologies that were briefly elaborated by our office
engineer: Retention money, interim payment, advanced payment, previous payment,
and current payment.
3.3 Improving Interpersonal Communication skill
In the last 4 months in addition to theoretical and practical knowledge I have got an
interesting improvement regarding with my interpersonal communication. In the
company, I have been communicating and socializing with almost all construction
crews who were assembled from different parts of our country. Since I wasn’t that much
shy and it wasn’t very difficult for me to communicate with others so I had a lot of
opportunities to communicate with many people who were participating in the work
who helped me in improving my interpersonal communication skills.
In addition to these I was able to have a good communication with students from
different universities. Those students, who were participating in the internship program,
were from AASTU, Bule Hora, Hawasa University, and Addis Collage. Hence it was a
good occasion for experience sharing.
Generally, interpersonal communication skills that I have developed in this program
gave me the following advantages:
 Persuading people.
 Gathering information easily.
 Improving my personal relation with other colleagues.
3.4 Improving my Team Playing Skill
As I tried to explain in the previous sections of this report, the engineer gave us both
site and office assignments in group so in working as a group, I got the exposure to
develop team work skill. So in these groups each of the students had their own roles.
Page | 36
Then we do our own roles and we gather together and collect our individual ideas work
as one so while I was trying to play my own part in my team or group, I was also
improving my team playing skill.
3.5 In Terms of Improving Leadership Skill
This internship period was also a time of improving my leadership skills. Even if it was
difficult for me at the beginning to order and lead labors at the site since I did not have
much a confidence but within short period I was trying to develop my leadership skills
by giving comments, sharing ideas and participating in the works.
Specially, on occasion I was given a responsibility to supervise the work. While I was
working as a supervisor, at times, I passed decisions on wrong doings by the subcontractors to be corrected, in the beginning they refuse to do so but after a while they
become cooperative and appreciative of my skills. By doing so I was developing and
improving my leadership skills.
In addition to these, I was given the opportunity to lead my fellow students in our day
to day assignments and in general tasks which the office Engineer ordered us to do. So
this was also another event or occasion to practice and improve my team leading skills.
3.6 Understanding about work ethics and related issues
One of the basic laws from work ethics of different professions which we need
to obey is that we have to be punctual. So in 4 months stay in the Alsam project, we
(the students) were expected to be present in the site at the morning sharp 2.30am (local
time)
In addition to this we, the students, were supposed to be transparent and
accountable for the tasks we were given. For instance, when the office Engineer gave
us assignments, he expects our transparency and accountability for what we had done.
In general, in terms of understanding about work ethics and related issues, this
internship period enable me to be present at working place on working days and obey
the working hours, to observe all the disciplinary rules and regulations put in force, to
diligently follow the job-training and practical work, to cooperate with colleagues and
so on.
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4 Problems Identified and Solution Proposed
4.1Problem faced due to price escalation
The main challenge the project encountered was price escalation of Steel Reinforcement
bars which has occurred due to change of foreign currency. This leads the client (Alsam)
and the contractor (BamaCon) to dispute because the contractor requested a payment
for the escalated price and the client was not willing to pay the escalated price because,
the contract agreement they used was lump sum.
To solve this problem a new contract agreement no.3 has signed between the Clint
Alsam and the contractor BamaCon Engineering PLC. The dispute was managed by
Kenmos Tesfaye Consultancy Related to construction works. The contract states that
the Clint Alsam will share 60% of the escalated price and the contractor BamaCon will
share the remaining 40% of the increased price. ALSAM will also provide an advance
payment to the contractor to buy reinforcement bars for two floors, and the contractor
BAMACON should finish a slab floor and its vertical members within 21 days.
4.2 Problem faced due to failure of Tower crane
As described transportation of concrete, transportation of fresh concrete and other
construction material is done with tower crane. The tower crane which is being used in
our site is old and it works continuously for over 14 hours a day hence, the crane’s
motor was damaged and construction work stopped.
If the contractor fails to complete one floor within 21days it will be considered that the
contractor cannot finish as scheduled and considered to be a delay. Due to this, he shall
write a letter of termination by his own initiation and hand over the project to the client
Alsam.
To solve these problem the contractor (BamaCon) bought a brand new concrete pumper
which could pump up at least 20 stories. Reinforcement bars were being transported by
lifts. By using these solutions managed to finish the 16th floor with in the scheduled
time.
4.2 Problem faced due to Electrical works
When electrical subcontractors used sand to mark and cover the junction box (scatola)
from concrete clogging inside but they use excess amount of sand that make a hole at
the bottom of the slab. To solve this problem a red paint was used instead of sand at the
junction points.
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5 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1Conclusion
This Internship program is proved to be a bridge between the student life and
professional life. The various types of orientation programs, tasks and trainings that I
have been undertaking during this past four months on the site and the office enhanced
my knowledge in building construction. I was very glad to see what I have learnt in the
university can be a repeated in the working world. I was able to apply my theoretical
knowledge of quantity survey, construction material, and reinforced concrete structure
in the real life situation of the building.
During these past four months I had the opportunity to be able to see the different
theoretical aspects, methodologies of building construction. In the supervision session,
I knew the important theoretical and practical aspects of building construction. I was
able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that arise in a building
construction.
However, this internship program was not free from challenges. The first and foremost
challenge was communication and this was solved after a time. In addition to that, the
internship program helped me to improve my social interaction skill. Now I can
communicate with people who have different behavior, culture and knowledge, and
it also helped me to link my theoretical knowledge to practical skill. The program
improved my self- confidence in the field.
Generally working in BamaCon Engineering Plc. has been very educating and the
internship program laid sound foundation for me to start my career. I am proud to be
able to contribute towards the nation’s development in the construction sector.
Page | 39
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The ultimate test of education and experience in construction lie in the ability to apply fundamental
principle to solve problems in the new and unfamiliar situation, which becomes the characteristics
of the changing environment in the construction industry.
As I tried to research on the factors affecting the quality of performance in a construction project,
it stretches out more than just having the knowledge and experience. The success of every project
by a larger part gives account to the planning and management process.
Within these fore month internship program, I have tried to recommend the following main points
for both the company and the university:





I observed that most of daily labor worker didn’t have any safety tools like safety shoes,
helmets and sign boards etc. to protect them from sudden injuries. Due to this problem,
they were exposed to different injuries while working. The fore I recommend the company
must take safety of employees his first priority and should provide safety tools for the
employees.
Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate were being mixed during unloading, sufficient
distance should be being maintained, to avoid mixing during unloading and use.
Concrete were being dropped at a height more than 3m which results segregation in the
concrete so the method of placing concrete should be such as to prevent its segregation.
It was very weary to climb up 17 stories so temporary lift for the workers should be
provided.
I absorb that some works are doing without professionals skill this is not advisable for
proper work progress and to create smooth work environment.
Furthermore, I recommend the university to improve the overall internship program make it good
and knowledgeable for the next generation.

When I join the company, I did not have enough orientation about internship program.
Therefore, I recommend the university to arrange a strong orientation and safety training
program.
The supervision and assistant from the department was not sufficient. Therefore, I suggest the
department to arrange more frequent contact time between the university advisors and the intern
student.
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Appendix
Kebeleto-used as a spacer for reinforcement bars and support upper slab reinforcement
Tumby- plumb bob: An instrument that is used to checks vertical alignment
Scatola-junction box: used to connect more than one electrical conduits at one place
Staffa- stirrup: a reinforcement provided to resist shear
Sibago- string: used to maintain horizontal alignments
Bagoni- skip: used to transport concrete
Kracheri – a frame work in which dimension of column is determined and form work is inserted
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References
(2018). Company profile. Addis Ababa.
(2016). Contract aggrement 1 between Alsam and BamaCon. Addis Ababa.
(2018). Suplimentary Contract aggrement 2 between Alsam and BamaCon. Addis Ababa.
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