⚡️MOTION (Kinematics - Linear)
Use when there’s constant acceleration.
Key Formulas:
1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + 12 at2
3. v 2 = u2 + 2as
4. s = v+u
2 ⋅t
Tips:
u: initial velocity, v : final velocity, s: displacement, a:
acceleration, t: time
If it says "starts from rest," then u = 0
FREE FALL / GRAVITY
$g = 9.8 , \text{m/s}^2$ (or use 10 m/s² for speed!)
Same formulas as motion but a = g
🌀 PROJECTILE MOTION (Horizontal Launch)
Time of flight: t = hg
0.5
Range: R = vx ⋅ t
Height: h = 12 gt2
💥 NEWTON’S LAWS + FORCES
1. F = ma (Force = mass × acceleration)
2. Weight: W = mg
3. Normal force on flat ground: N = mg
⚖️WORK, POWER, ENERGY
1. Work: W = F d cos θ (If force and direction are the same:
cos 0 = 1, so W = F d)
2. Power: P = Wt
3. Kinetic Energy: KE = 12 mv 2
4. Potential Energy: PE = mgh
5. Conservation of Energy: P Etop = KEbottom
🧲 MOMENTUM & COLLISIONS
1. Momentum: p = mv
2. Impulse: J = Ft = Δp = mv − mu
3. Conservation of Momentum: m_1v_1 + m_2v_2 =
m_1v_1' + m_2v_2'
🔄 CIRCULAR MOTION
1. Centripetal Force: F = mv
r
2
2
2. Centripetal Acceleration: a = vr
🧪 FLUIDS
1. Density: ρ = m
V
2. Pressure: P = FA
F1
3. Pascal’s Principle: P1 = P2 ⇒ A
= AF22
1
4. Buoyant Force: Fb = ρV g
🔥 THERMODYNAMICS
1. Heat: Q = mcΔT
2. Phase Change: Q = mL
3. Ideal Gas Law: P V = nRT
💡 ELECTRICITY
1. Ohm’s Law: V = IR
2. Power:
P = IV
P = I 2R
2
P = VR
3. Resistance in Series: Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
4. Resistance in Parallel: R1eq = R11 + R12 + …
🧲 MAGNETISM
Force on a charged particle: F = qvB sin θ
📡 WAVES & SOUND
1. Wave speed: v = f λ
2. Echo: Use v = d/t, but distance is divided by 2
☀️LIGHT & OPTICS
1. Mirror/Lens Equation: f1 = d1 + d1
o
i
2. Magnification: M = hhoi = − ddoi
☢️NUCLEAR PHYSICS
E = mc² (Energy from mass: m in kg, c = 3 × 108 m/s)
🧠 TIPS TO SOLVE FASTER:
Round constants:
Use g = 10, π = 3, c = 3 × 108
Units:
1 N = 1 kg·m/s²
1 J = 1 N·m
1 W = 1 J/s
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
Eliminate choices using ESTIMATION if you're out of time.
If the answer has units and only one choice matches—go for it.
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