INTRODUCTION TO
PHILOSOPHY OF A HUMAN
PERSON
Cristal Faith P. Delicano, RCrim
PHILOSOPHY
 Came from two Greek words Philo means “to love” and Sophia
means “wisdom”
 the love of reasoning making wisdom as its primary goal.
 defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the
highest principles of things.
Features of Philosophy
A.) Philosophy is a science - It is called as such because it is systematic and follows
certain steps or procedures.
B.) It employs Natural Light of Reason - This means that philosophical investigation
does not use any laboratory instrument, investigative tools nor supernatural approach.
C.) Philosophy has an inclination to Study All Things – ex. Botany, zoology,
anthropology
D.) Philosophy employs First Cause or Highest Principle - means a reason (or an
explanation) from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.
Four Characteristics of
Philosophy
1.) Principle of Identity - this principle means “everything is what it
is”
2.) Principle of Non-Contradiction - This principle states that it is
an impossibility for a particular thing to be and not to be at the same
time at the same respect.
Four Characteristics of
Philosophy
3.) Principle of Excluded Middle - This principle explains that
everything must be “either be or not be” or “either is or is not”.
4.) the Principle of Sufficient Reason - This principle states
that there is sufficient reason for the being and existence of
everything.
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
MODULE 2
Branches of Philosophy
METAPHYSICS
-
Metaphysical
philosophy
accounts
on
investigating the unreal entities in terms of the real
world that we experience through our senses.
- Reality according to him is how we perceive the
world.
- He stated that our experience with the real world is
not real.
Branches of Philosophy
Ethics
- as another branch of Philosophy deals with the
evaluation of human actions and the nature of moral
virtue.
- ethical philosophy accounts for the nature of our moral
judgements and it also attempts to investigate our
fundamental ethical ideas.
- It means that knowledge on rules of right living is not
sufficient when it is not actually being practiced
Branches of Philosophy
Epistemology
- as philosophical perspective concerns itself with the
nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge.
- Induction
is
investigating
a
process
particulars
of
(also
knowledge-forming
known
as
by
empirical
evidences) in order to arrive at general idea.
- deductive process employs generally accepted ideas in
order to arrive at specific ideas.
Rationalist – Advocates of Deducted method
Branches of Philosophy
Logic
- logic does not concern itself in what we know
regarding certain subjects. Thus, logic does not
provide us knowledge of the world directly. It only
serves as tool to guide one’s arguments or
discourses so as to keep them valid and true.
- Aristotle was the first philosopher who employed
logical method. He claimed that truth exists when
there is agreement between knowledge and reality.
Branches of Philosophy
Aesthetics
- philosophical perspective concerns itself with
the notion of beauty. Whenever we created a
devise or equipment we consequently aim to
improve (or beautify) it after some time. It only
goes to show that aesthetics accounts for the
criteria of beauty.
- Aesthetics can be used to explain matters
regarding culture and arts.
QUIZ 1
ENUMERATE THE FIVE BRANCHES
OF PHILOSOPHY
10 POINTS
ANSWER
METAPHYSICS
LOGIC
ETHICS
EPISTEMOLOGY
AESTHETICS