DISCUSSION SESSION BIOLOGY
Prepared: Merwin Andrei E. Simon
Department of Science and Technology
Science Education Institute
Region 02
DOST ACCESS
TOPICS INCLUSION
Cytology
Cell Theory and cell types
Cell cycle
Transport mechanisms in Cell
TOPICS INCLUSION
Bioenergetics
Cell Organelle for bioenergetics
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
TOPICS INCLUSION
Evolution
Recombinant DNA
Evolution and Theories of E.
Evidences of E.
Basic Taxonomy
TOPICS INCLUSION
Organ Systems
Plant and Animal organ
systems
Feedback mechanisms
When the chromosomes line up
in mitosis this is known as which
phase?
a. Telophase
b. Anaphase
c. Metaphase
d. Prophase
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Cellulose is a tough carbohydrate fiber
that provides support to the plant
body. Which of the following
organelles contain this substance?
a.Cell membrane
b.Cell wall
c.Nucleus
d.Cytoplasm
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Which statement is a part of the cell
theory?
a.Bacteria are prokaryotic cells
b.Eukaryotic cells are complex
c.Humans are multicellular
d.All cells come from preexisting cells
CYTOLOGY
“omnis cellula e cellula”
CYTOLOGY
Which of the following plant cell types
function for food storage and
photosynthesis in cell plants?
a.Cork cell
b.Parenchyma cell
c.Collenchyma cell
d.Sclerenchyma cell
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Which of the following blood cells is
important in the immune system?
a. Erythrocytes
b.Thrombocytes
c.Leukocytes
d.Plasma
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
What happens to red blood cells if we
place them in distilled water?
a.They remain unchanged
b.They swell up and burst
c.They start to shrivel as water is lost
by osmosis
d.They get shrink
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
All are characteristics of
transport, except __________.
active
a.Energy is needed in the form of ATP.
b.Transport proteins are highly specific.
c.Moves molecules under concentration
gradient
d.Moves
molecules
against
the
concentration gradient
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
This refers to a group of diseases
characterized by uncontrolled and
abnormal cell division. What is asked?
a.Cancer
b.Turner
c.Klinefelter
d.Trisomy 21
CYTOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Which is the effect of drugs on cells?
A. Produce toxic substance
B. Discontinuous cell activity
C. Cause damage to their structure
D. Poison the cell liquid
CYTOLOGY
What kind of tissue lines our skin and what is
its important function?
A. Nerve tissue responsible for reflexes.
B. Epithelial protection from ultraviolet
radiation.
C. Nerve tissue; receive stimuli on the skin.
D. Epithelial; produce new cells when peeled
off.
CYTOLOGY
Skin contains epithelial
tissues located in the
epidermal layer. In the
epidermal layer, a
pigment is released
called melanin that
absorbs UV energy and
diverts it away from
healthy cells.
CYTOLOGY
Which type of cell would probably
provide the best opportunity to study
lysosomes?
A. Leaf Cell of a plant.
B. Nerve cell.
C. Muscle cell
D. Phagocytes white blood cells.
CYTOLOGY
Lysosomes are cell
organelles that digest
worn out organelles and
phagocytes bacteria from
outside the cell.
Lysosomes are most
numerous in diseasefighting cells such as
White blood cells.
CYTOLOGY
Which sequence of DNA would be
complementary to this sequence?
ATG TGA CAG
a.ATG TGA CAG
b.TAC ACT GTC
c.GTA AGT GAC
d.CAT TCA CTG
EVOLUTION
They are nitrogenous
bases that make up the
two different nucleotides
in DNA and RNA. Purines
(adenine and guanine) are
two-carbon nitrogen ring
bases while pyrimidines
(cytosine and thymine) are
one-carbon nitrogen ring
bases.
EVOLUTION
Nucleotide bases pair in DNA through:
a.hydrogen
bonds
between
complementary bases
b.polar
covalent
bonds
between
complementary bases
c.sugar bonds between complementary
bases
d.none of the choices
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
Which of the following principles is NOT part of
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection?
a. Evolution is a gradual process that occurs
over long periods of time.
b. Variation occurs among individuals in a
population.
c. Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic
variation.
d. Individuals that possess the most favorable
variations have the best chance of
reproducing.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
The cladogram above shows proposed phylogenetic
relationships for several vertebrates. Selected derived
traits are indicted on the cladogram by numbered labels.
Based on the information presented, which of the derived
traits is shared by alligators and manatees but not
salamanders? Give your answer as the number label of a
character indicated on the cladogram.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
f. 6
EVOLUTION
What is the term for a feature that
allows an organism to survive better in
its environment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
variation
adaptation
homologous structure
vestigial structure
EVOLUTION
Homologous structures share a similar embryonic
origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For
example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are
homologous to the bones in the human arm. These
structures are not analogous. The wings of a butterfly
and the wings of a bird are analogous but not
homologous.
EVOLUTION
What observations did Charles Darwin make
about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
a. The same species of finches lived on all
the islands.
b. Different species of finches lived on
different islands.
c. Various species of finches lived on just
one of the islands.
d. Identical species of finches lived in South
America
EVOLUTION
He noticed that each finch species had a different type
of beak, depending on the food available on its island.
The finches that ate large nuts had strong beaks for
breaking the nuts open. Finches that ate small nuts and
seeds had beaks for cracking nuts and seeds.
EVOLUTION
The tortoise from Abingdon Island, shown in Figure
below, would likely be better adapted than the
Albermarle Island tortoise to which of the following
environments
a. areas with short plants and mosses
b. areas with no plants and sand dunes
c. areas with lots of taller plants
d. areas with only tall trees
EVOLUTION
The hind leg bones shown in the whale in Figure
below are examples of
a. homologous structures.
b. analogous structures.
c. fossil structures.
d. vestigial structures.
EVOLUTION
Fossil evidence shows that structures
considered vestigial in living organisms
__________.
a. are not found in ancient organisms.
b. have always been vestigial.
c. were useful to their ancestors.
d. do not fill gaps in the fossil record
EVOLUTION
The characteristic indicated by the blackened
figures is probably:
a. Dominant.
b. Recessive.
c. Non-dominant.
d. Sex-linked recessive.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
a. Both are homozygous dominant.
b. Both are heterozygous dominant.
c. Both are homozygous recessive.
d. The male is homozygous dominant; the
female is homozygous recessive.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
If one parent has type A blood and the other
parent has type B blood, what blood type will
the offspring denoted by the white square and
circle have?
a. Type A.
b. Type B.
c. Type AB.
d. Type O.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
How many stages does a bacterial growth curve
have?
a) 5
b) 1
c) 4
d) 3
The common bacteria used in genetic
engineering is _____
a) S.typhi
b) E.coli
c) Rhizobium
d) S.aureus
EVOLUTION
An extra finger in humans is rare but is due to a
dominant gene. When one parent is normal and the
other parent has an extra finger but is
heterozygous for the trait, what is the probability
that their children will be normal?
a. 0%. b. 25%. c. 50%. d. 75%.
Long radishes crossed with round radishes result in
all oval radishes. This type of inheritance is:
a. Multiple alleles.
b. Complete dominance.
c. Co-dominance.
d. Incomplete dominance.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
Which of the following factors could lead to variations
in the offspring of asexually reproducing organisms?
a. Crossing over.
b. Fertilization.
c. Mutations.
d. Independent assortment.
Carriers of the colour-blindness trait include:
a. Men who are heterozygous for the trait.
b. Men who are homozygous for the trait.
c. Women who are heterozygous for the trait.
d. Women who are homozygous for the trait.
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
What
is
a
distinguishing
characteristic of Homo sapiens over
the lower mammals?
A. Blood vessels
B. Sensitive skin
C. Large brain
D. Endoskeleton
EVOLUTION
Many of the unique features of Homo
sapiens are found in the skull. Brain size
estimates suggest that the brain of Homo
sapiens was larger than in other hominid
species. The average cranial capacity
of Homo sapiens is roughly 1300 cubic
centimeters, making the brains of this
species absolutely smaller than those
of Homo neanderthalensis. However, due
to its gracile (small and lightly built)
postcranial skeleton, the brain of H.
sapiens was larger relative to body size
than that of H. neanderthalensis.
EVOLUTION
Two organisms can be identified
as belonging to the same species
if they can
A. Eat the same kind of food
B. breed in a natural setting
C. exoskeleton
D. survive together in nature
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
People who live in high altitude have
blood that is described to have.
A. high number of white blood cells
B. low number of red blood cells
C. same number of red blood cells
D. high number of red blood cells
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
The use of two-word names like Homo
sapiens is called
A. taxonomy.
B. dichotomy.
C. dinomial taxomony.
D. binomial nomenclature
EVOLUTION
Which sequence of taxa is in proper order?
A. Species, genus, family, class, order, phylum,
kingdom.
B. Genus, class, order, kingdom, phylum,
species, family.
C. Class, genus, family, species, order, phylum,
kingdom.
D. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum,
kingdom.
EVOLUTION
Individuals without the specializations required to
survive in a changing environment
A. die.
B. adapt.
C. evolve.
D. mutate.
When during the cell cycle does replication occur?
A. Just before prophase.
B. S period of interphase.
C. G1 period of interphase.
D. G2 period of interphase
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
The gas exchange happens between the
capillaries and the alveoli of the lungs.
Which of the following types of epithelial
tissues allows the diffusion of gas between
the two structures?
a.Simple squamous
b.Stratified squamous
c.Simple cuboidal
d.Simple columnar
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
A group of specialized cells and
intercellular substances around them
that are adapted to work together to
perform a particular function.
a.Cell
b.Organ System
c.Organ
d.Tissue
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
This tissue is involuntary and nonstriated
and is usually found in hollow organs such
as the stomach, bladder, and uterus.
a.Cardiac muscle
b.Smooth muscle
c.Skeletal muscle
d.Nervous muscle
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Skeletal muscle is an organ that primarily controls movement and
posture. Cardiac muscle encompasses the heart, which keeps the
human body alive. Smooth muscle is present throughout the
gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory
systems.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Given the following structures:
1. larynx
2. nasal cavity
3. pharynx
4. trachea
Which of the following is the correct order in
which air would flow during inhalation?
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 2,3,1,4
c. 2,1,3,4
d. 4,2,3,1
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
What is the difference between HDL cholesterol
and LDL cholesterol?
a. HDL is "good" cholesterol that reduces the risk
of heart disease and LDL is "bad" cholesterol
which increases the risk of heart disease.
b. There is no difference between these types of
cholesterol
c. HDL is "bad" cholesterol that reduces the risk of
heart disease and LDL is "good" cholesterol
which increases the risk of heart disease.
d. HDL usually comes from foods that are high in
fat while LDL comes from vegetables
ORGAN SYSTEMS
HDL helps rid your body of excess cholesterol so it's less likely to
end up in your arteries. LDL is called “bad cholesterol” because it
takes cholesterol to your arteries, where it can collect in your
artery walls.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
These two body systems work together
to allow a person to move, talk, and
run.
a. Endocrine & Reproductive
b. Digestive & Excretory
c. Skeletal & Muscular
d. Circulatory and Respiratory
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Once the erythrocytes enter the blood in
humans, it is estimated that they have
an average lifetime of how many days.
How many days is pertained?
a. 10 days
b. 120 days
c. 200 days
d. 360 days
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Red cells have an average life
span of about 120 days after
which they are cleared byphagocytosis by
reticuloendothelial
macrophages due to
accumulated changes during
their life span. Approximately
5 million erythrocytes are
removed from the circulation
every second.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
In the human brain, body temperature,
metabolism,
heart
rate,
sexual
development, sleep and the body's use of
fat and water are influenced by this region
of the brain. This region of the brain is the:
a. Hypothalamus
b. midbrain
c. corpus callosum
d. cerebellum
ORGAN SYSTEMS
The hypothalamus is a small region located within the brain that controls
many bodily functions, including eating and drinking, sexual functions and
behaviors, blood pressure and heart rate, body temperature maintenance,
the sleep-wake cycle, and emotional states (e.g., fear, pain, anger, and
pleasure).
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Which roots system is best adapted for
anchorage?
A. Secondary
B. Tertiary
C. Taproot
D. Fibrous
ORGAN SYSTEMS
What is the main function of the
peripheral nervous system?
A. Communicates with the endocrine
glands
B. Regulates our heartbeat and
breathing
C. Controls our emotions and
intelligence
D. Connects central nervous system to
all organs
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Peripheral nervous system:
The portion of the nervous
system that is outside the
brain and spinal cord. The
nerves in the PNS connect
the central nervous system
(CNS) to sensory organs,
such as the eye and ear,
and to other organs of the
body,
muscles,
blood
vessels, and glands.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
If the flow of blood in a vessel is
toward the heart then the vessel is
identified as a __________.
A. Ventricle
B. artery
C. vein
D. atrium
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Which statement about photosynthesis is
correct?
a.Plants get the energy they need for
photosynthesis from water.
b.Plants get the energy they need for
photosynthesis from sunlight.
c.Plants get the energy they need for
photosynthesis from soil.
d.Plants do not require energy to perform
photosynthesis.
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
Cellular respiration is the name
given to a series of biochemical
reactions that:
a.makes glucose from carbon
dioxide and water
b.uses glucose to make ATP
c.uses glucose to make oxygen
d.uses ATP to make oxygen
BIOENERGETICS
When oxygen is released as a result of
photosynthesis, it is a by-product of
which of the following reactions?
a.Reducing NADP+
b.Photolysis
c.Chemiosmosis
d.The electron transfer
photosystem I
system
of
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
How
many
ATP
molecules
theoretically may be generated by
the complete process of cellular
respiration of glucose?
a.20
b.34
b. 12-20
d. 36-38
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
Which of the following is a part of the
process of chemiosmosis?
a. Electrons move along the electron
transport chain.
b. Water molecules are split.
c. Hydrogen
ions
pass
through
membranes.
d. Light is absorbed by chlorophyll.
BIOENERGETICS
Chemiosmosis
is
the
movement or diffusion of
Hydrogen ions (protons) in
Mitochondria specifically in the
inner mitochondrial matrix
via ATP Synthase (transport
protein). Since the production
of ATP is tied with the
electrochemical gradient of
hydrogen
ions, the mechanism is called
Chemiosmosis.
BIOENERGETICS
What is the name of the molecule
generated in the final step of the citric
acid cycle and is also used in the first
step?
a.Oxaloacetate
b.Pyruvate
c.Acetyl-CoA
d.NADH
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
Which of the following metabolic
processes generates the most
ATP?
a.Glycolysis
b.Citric acid cycle
c.Electron transport chain
d.Transition reaction
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
The
dark
reaction
phase
of
photosynthesis consists of a series of
chemical reactions which end up with
the formation of a 3-carbon sugar
called ______.
A. ADP
B. NADPH
C. ATP
D. PGAL
BIOENERGETICS
BIOENERGETICS
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