WHAT IS NURSING INFORMATICS?
It is the use of
computer technology
to support nursing
including clinical
practice, education,
administration and
research( Hebda, 1998)
It is also the development and
evaluation of applications, tools
and processes and structures
which assist nurses with the
management of data in taking
care of patients or supporting
practice of nursing. (American
Nurses Association, 1994)
FRAMEWORKS FOR NURSING
INFORMATICS
COMPUTERS AND NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
COMPUTERS AND NURSING
In 1990's, computer technology
became an integral part of the
healthcare setting.
And in the year 2000, Clinical
Information System became
individualized in the electronic
patient record, mobile computing
device were introduced, new
technologies were utilized, internet
provided new means of
development and Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act of
1996 was enacted.
Computers can perform a wide range of activities that save
time and help nurses provide quality nursing care. It
involves:
Nursing
practice
Nursing
education
Nursing
management
Nursing
research
It is an electronic record composed
of health information regarding an
individual patient that exists as part
of a complete system designed to
provide access to, and management
of, such information
The Healthcare Information and Management
Systems Society (HIMSS) is the healthcare
industry's membership organization exclusively
focused on providing global leadership for the
optimal use of healthcare information
technology (IT) and management systems for the
betterment of healthcare
storage
devices
Central
processing
unit
Input and
output
devices
COMPUTER SYSTEM
A system of interconnected computers that share a central
storage system and various peripheral devices such
as a printers, scanners, or routers.
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Hardware is the
general term for
physical artifacts
of technology.
First Generation Computers- Used vacuum tubes as a design. Those computer ran hot and
thus required a great cooling. Vacuum tubes got hot easily, and when they get hot, they
failed regularly. First generation computers were physically huge , but their power was
much less than that of the average desktop computer of the 1900’s.
Second Generation Computers - They use transistors instead of vacuum tubes. This meant
less heat, improved reliability, and much greater speeds. Second generation CPU access
speeds were measured in millionths rather than thousandths of a second (microseconds).
They still quite large, but transistors were smaller and more durable than vacuum tubes.
They also allowed for the development of much more powerful computers.
The Third generation computers were introduced- In this generation, they
used microminiature, solid state components. Third generation CPU access
speeds were measured in billionths of a seconds (nanoseconds)
CLASSESS OF COMPUTER
Analog computer- operates on
continuous physical or electrical
magnitudes, measuring, ongoing
continuous analog
quantities such as voltage ,
current, temperature and
pressure.
Digital computer- operates
on discrete discontinuous
numerical digits using the
binary numbering system. It
represents data using
discrete values for all data.
Hybrid Computers- As its name
implies, contains features of
both the analog and the digital
computer. It is used for specific
applications, such as complex
signal processing and other
engineering-oriented
applications.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Supercomputers- This is
a computationaloriented computer
specially designed for
scientific applications
requiring gigantic
amount of calculations.
Mainframes- This is the
fastest, largest, and
most expensive type of
computer used for
processing, storing and
retrieving data the
computing needs.
Handheld Computers- have
smaller size than standard
desktop microcomputers,
some have claimed to have
almost the same function
and processing capabilities
as the standard desktop
microcomputer.
Microcomputers or
Personal Computer
(PC)- Desktops can
serve as stand-alone
workstation and can be
linked to a network
system to increase the
capabilities
Central processing unit- brain of the computer
Motherboard- main printed circuit board (PCB) found in
computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the
crucial electronic components of the system, such as
the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides
connectors for other peripherals.
read only memory- is
permanent; it remains when
power is off. Example: start
up instructions for computer
is an example
Random access memory-is a
temporary storage area for
program instructions and data
that is being processed. It is
only active when computer is
on
Primary Memory
Secondary memory
Floppy disk
Hard disk
CD- Rom
USB flash drives
Memory cards
NETWORK
This allows the sharing of computer and software resources,
through the use of the network. For example, several
computers may share one computer, or a word
processing program could also be accessed by many different
users.
Types of Networks
Local Area Networks (LAN) - networks
within a area, location or business. The
University connects all its computers on
a
LAN.
Wide Area Networks (WAN) - several
LAN connected together
SOFTWARE AND SYSTEM
Computer software or
simply software is any set
of machine-readable
instructions that directs
a computer's processor to
perform specific
operations. Software is
stored in computer
memory and is intangible.
Types of software
Application
software- which uses
the computer
system to perform
special functions or
provide entertainme
nt functions beyond
the basic operation
of the computer
itself.
System softwarewhich is designed to
directly operate
the computer
hardware, to provide
basic functionality
needed by users and
other software.
Malicious software or
malware, which are
computer programs
developed to
harm and disrupt
computers. Malware is
closely associated with
computer-related
crimes, though some
malicious programs
may have been
designed as practical
jokes.