What is Wellness? • is the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better physical and mental health outcomes. • The quality or state of being healthy in body and mind • An active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life. What is Massage? • It is the application of soft-tissue manipulation techniques to the body, generally intended to reduce stress and fatigue while improving circulation. • It is a holistic therapy and offers benefits for physical, mental, spiritual and emotional well-being . • The word “massage” is most likely to have merged from the Greek word “Massein” meaning “to knead” or the Arabic word “mash” meaning “to press softly” Massage in Ancient Times The earliest evidence of massage being used is found in the cave paintings of ancient cave dwellers. Wall drawings and paintings show people massaging each other. Various artifacts also found contain traces of fats and oils mixed with herbs. Lubricants may have been used, perhaps for healing, soothing or beautifying purposes 3000 BC Chinese practiced massage to cure ailments and improve general health. Ancient Chinese books record lists of massage movements with descriptions of their technique. BOOK: The Cong Fau of Tao-Tse contains lists of exercises and massage used to improve general health and well-being. Amma that pressure techniques were very effective on specific points and they developed special techniques This was the beginning of the development of acupressure and acupuncture. These massage techniques spread to Japan Tsubo This form of massage has been practiced over the centuries Shiatsu it has recently regained recognition and popularity Hindus 1800 BC practiced massage as part of their hygiene routines. “Ayur-Veda (The Art of Life)” A sacred book which was written around 1800 BC, describes how shampooing and rubbing were used to reduce fatigue and promote well-being and cleanliness. The Egyptians and Persians used massage for cosmetic as well as therapeutic effects They mixed fats, oils, herbs and resins for care of the skin and beautifying the body and face. Pots and jars containing these creams have been found in Egyptian tombs. Cleopatra is said to have bathed in milk and then to have been massaged with aromatic oils and creams by her handmaidens. Perfumed oils were used in three different ways by the ancient Egyptians: as offerings to their gods as an enhancement of the body`s beauty, making it smell pleasantly and as the main ingredients for embalming the dead 1.Where did the Amma massage technique originate? A. India B. Japan C. China D. Egypt 2. What is the name of the Japanese massage derived from Amma? A. Ayurvedic B. Tsubo C. Shiatsu D. Reflexology 3.What is the ancient Indian book that describes massage and hygiene? A. Tao-Tse B. Shiatsu C. Ayur-Veda D. Cong Fau 4. Give two purposes of massage in ancient times. 5. Why is it important to learn about the history of wellness massage? Massage in Classical Greece and Rome The Greeks -believed in the cultivation of a healthy mind and body, which is similar to the holistic approach practiced by many people today. Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practiced by men and women. They encouraged the pursuit of physical fitness and organized regular sporting, gymnastic and athletic competitions. Massage was used before events to improve performance and after events to relieve fatigue and aid recovery. Gladiators and soldiers were massaged before battle to give vigor and promote fitness and health, and afterwards to aid recovery, healing and relaxation. Homer writes in the poem The Odyssey of Greek soldiers being rubbed with oils and anointed by beautiful women to aid their recovery and regain strength on return from battle. Herodicus a Greek physician, used massage with oils and herbs to treat medical conditions and diseases Hippocrates The father of medicine, he began to study the effects of massage on his patients. Hippocrates He concluded and recorded that hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, and much rubbing causes parts to waste but moderate rubbing makes them grow. Concluded that it was more beneficial to apply pressure in an upward direction, i.e., towards the heart. With our knowledge of the heart and circulating blood we understand why pressure upwards is more beneficial: the condition of the tissues improves because deoxygenated blood and waste products are removed quickly as massage speeds up blood and lymph flow. Even without the benefit of this knowledge, Hippocrates taught his pupils that massage movements should be performed with pressure upwards to promote healing. Romans They practiced bathing, exercise and massage for health and social relaxation. Large private and public baths were built. These included water baths and steam rooms, gymnasium and massage areas. The baths were maintained at different temperatures and progress was made from cold to hot baths. Romans would use these daily for cleansing, exercising, relaxing and socializing Servants were always in attendance, with oils and creams to massage their masters when required. The Romans built similar baths in the countries that were conquered by their armies. Many such baths were built after the Roman conquest of Britain in 55 BC, and their ruins can be seen in Britain today in towns and cities such as Bath, Caerleon and St Albans. Massage techniques recorded from those times include manipulations known as squeezing, pinching or pummeling. They relate to the petrissage and percussion movements used today. 1. Gladiators and soldiers were massaged before battle to give vigor and promote fitness and health, and afterwards to aid recovery, healing and relaxation. 2. Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practiced by Greek men and women. 3. Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practiced by Greek men and women. 4. The Egyptians and Persians used massage for cosmetic as well as therapeutic effects. 5. The Romans followed similar routines to the Greeks where they practiced bathing, exercise and massage for health and social relaxation. 6. Hippocrates is said to have bathed in milk and then to have been massaged with aromatic oils and creams by handmaidens. 7. Homer writes in the poem, ‘The Odyssey’ where Greek soldiers were being rubbed with oils and anointed by beautiful women to aid their recovery and regain strength on return from battle. 8. Hippocrates also concluded that it was more beneficial to apply pressure in an upward direction, i.e. towards the heart, as we practice today. 9. Herodicus taught his pupils that massage movements should be performed with pressure upwards to promote healing. The Dark Ages to the Renaissanc e Renaissance (rebirth) in 1450 AD Interest in the arts and sciences flourished and there was renewed interest in health practices. advocated and practiced for therapeutic purposes 16th Century Ambroise Paré (1517–90) French surgeon promoted and developed the use of massage promoted and developed the use of massage was the personal physician to four French kings Ambroise Paré (1517–90) He is reputed to have successfully treated Mary Queen of Scots with massage. graded massage into gentle, medium and vigorous. soothing or relaxing, general, and stimulating The Development of Modern Massage Techniques Per Henrik Ling (1776–1839) a Swedish physiologist developed the Modern massage developed a system of passive and active exercises known as Swedish Remedial Gymnastics and also a system of massage movements. used the terms effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, rolling and slapping. a form of massage involving a circular stroking movement made with the palm of the hand. fine, gentle, trembling movement performed with hands or fingers. a massage technique that involves used the terms effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, rolling and slapping. used to increase circulation and release areas that are tight used to loosen the skin, release muscle tension, decrease pain and increase It is used to more aggressively work and strengthen deeptissue muscles. It increases local blood circulation and can even help tone muscle areas. Dr Johann Mezgner (1839–1909) a Dutch physician, developed massage for use in rehabilitation and used it successfully to treat many diseases and disorders. Dr Johann Mezgner (1839–1909) He adapted massage techniques in the light of his knowledge of anatomy and physiology. His theories, based on sound scientific principles, became accepted as medical practice and gained him many followers, particularly in Germany and America. John Grosvenor (1742–1823) the eminent surgeon from England used massage to treat joints. He recommended massage for the treatment of rheumatism, gout and stiffness of joints. TwentiethCentury Developments During the First World War the demand for massage to treat the injured grew and many more massage therapists were trained Membership of the Society of Trained Masseuses grew and in 1920 it amalgamated with the Institute of Massage and Remedial Exercise. Royal Charter was granted and the title was changed to the Chartered Society of Massage and Medical Gymnastics. 1943 became the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy 1964 its members became state registered With the development of alternative electricalbased treatments, the use of massage to treat medical conditions declined. 1966 the City and Guilds of London Institute explored the possibility of establishing a course in beauty therapy to include massage. 1968 the first full-time course was offered in colleges of further education. The British Association of Beauty Therapists and Cosmetologists, the International Health and Beauty Council and other organizations also developed courses and offered certificates and diplomas. The growth in complementary medicine and the holistic approach to health has increased the demands for well-qualified practitioners, not only in massage but also in aromatherapy, reflexology, shiatsu etc. Courses are now validated by the Health and Beauty Therapy Training Board and therapists must meet the criteria of the National Council of Vocational Qualifications. Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the answer that best describes the statement. Write only the CAPITAL LETTER of your choice in your quiz notebook. STRICTLY NO ERASURE _____ 1. Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practiced by men and women. They encouraged the pursuit of physical fitness and organized regular sporting, gymnastic and athletic competitions. Who among the following believed in the cultivation of a healthy mind and body, which is similar to the holistic approach practiced by many people today? A. Chinese B. Greeks C. Japanese D. Persians _____ 2. Who among the following was a French surgeon who promoted and developed the use of massage and graded massage into gentle, medium and vigorous which we use similar categories today, namely soothing or relaxing, general, and stimulating? A. Alain Carpentier B. Ambroise Pare C. Jacques Marescaux D. Rene Leriche Direction: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Choose the answer that best describes the statement. Write only the CAPITAL LETTER of your choice in your quiz notebook. STRICTLY NO ERASURE _____ 3. __________ developed massage for use in rehabilitation and used it successfully to treat many diseases and disorders. He adapted massage techniques in the light of his knowledge of anatomy and physiology. A. Dr. Adolphus Vorstius C. Dr. Johann Mezgner B. Dr. Govert Bidloo D. Dr. Johann Weyer _____ 4. In which of the following periods when interest in the arts and sciences flourished and there was renewed interest in health practices and massage advocated and practiced for therapeutic purposes once again? A. Ancient times C. Dark ages B. Classical period D. Renaissance period _____ 5. Who among the following Egyptian queens was said to have bathed in milk and then to have been massaged with aromatic oils and creams by her handmaidens during the ancient times? A. Arsinoe B. Berenice C. Cleopatra D. Tuya _____ 6. This is the most widely used form of massage used for relaxation. A. body massage C. sports massage B. stone massage D. pregnancy massage _____ 7. Ancient Chinese books record lists of massage movements with descriptions of their technique. One of these books, __________________, also contains lists of exercises and massage used to improve general health and wellbeing. A. The Cong Fau of Tao Tse C. The Confucian Odes B. The Tea House D. The Folktales of Old China _____ 8. Which of the following periods was the beginning of the development of acupressure and acupuncture? A. Ancient times B. Classical period C. Dark ages D. Renaissance period _____ 9. In the ancient times, the Japanese used similar pressure techniques on specific points, which they called _________. This form of massage has been practiced over the centuries; it has recently regained recognition and popularity and is now known as shiatsu. A. Gatu B. ludio C. tsubo D. zugato _____ 10. Which of the following is a sacred book written around 1800 BC that describes how shampooing and rubbing were used to reduce fatigue and promote well-being and cleanliness? A. Ayur-Veda B. Bundahis C. Shu King D. Zend-Avesta _____ 11. The _______________________ used massage for cosmetic as well as therapeutic effects. They mixed fats, oils, herbs and resins for care of the skin and beautifying the body and face. Pots and jars containing these creams have been found in tombs. A. Chinese B. Egyptians and Persians C. Greeks and Romans D. Japanese _____ 12. As early as 3000 BC, who among the nationalities practiced massage to cure ailments and improve general health? A. Chinese B. Japanese C. Vietnamese D. Swedish _____ 13. Who was that Greek physician who used massage with oils and herbs to treat medical conditions and diseases? A. Herodicus B. Abacus C. Hepartacus D. Eherodicus _____ 14. Per Henrik Ling developed a system of passive and active exercises known as ‘Swedish Remedial Gymnastics’ and also a system of massage movements. Ling used the following terms, EXCEPT _____. A. Effleurage B. Petrissage C. vibration D. ventilation _____ 15. Different origin of the word massage are the following, EXCEPT _____. A. massa B. amassar C. masser D. massege 3000 B. C. Chinese practiced massage to cure ailments and improve general health. This was the beginning of the development of acupressure and acupuncture 1800 B. C. A sacred book called the Ayur-Veda (The Art of Life), which was written around 1800 BC, describes how shampooing and rubbing were used to reduce fatigue and promote well-being and cleanliness. The Egyptians and Persians used massage for cosmetic as well as therapeutic effects 500 B. C. the Greek physician Herodicus used massage with oils and herbs to treat medical conditions and diseases and The Romans followed similar routines to the Greeks. They practiced bathing, exercise and massage for health and social relaxation. 1450 A.D. Massage was advocated and practiced for therapeutic purposes. 500-1400 A.D. Little is known about massage or health and beauty practices throughout the Dark and Middle Ages, i.e., from the decline of the Roman Empire 1517-1590 French surgeon Ambroise Paré (1517–90) promoted and developed the use of massage. 1776-1839 Per Henrik Ling (1776– 1839). He developed a system of passive and active exercises known as Swedish Remedial Gymnastics and also a system of massage movements. Used the terms effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, rolling and slapping. 1839-1909 Dr Johann Mezgner (1839– 1909), a Dutch physician, developed massage for use in rehabilitation and used it successfully to treat many diseases and disorders. 1894 a group of women founded the Society of Trained Masseuses. These women raised standards and fought to establish massage therapy as a reputable profession. 1968 the first full-time course was offered in colleges of further education. The British Association of Beauty Therapists and Cosmetologists, the International Health and Beauty Council and other organizations also developed courses and offered certificates and diplomas.
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