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Juan Antonio Segura
OPGW Induced Voltage & Power Loss in Distribution Networks
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GRXEOHORRS OLQH >@ thereforegreaterthanthatinthe ERWK OLQH UHWXUQV DUH EHORZ P$ 9 KXPDQ VDIHW\ bothlinereturnsarebelowlOrnA,36Vhumansafety % Groundingmethod *URXQGLQJ PHWKRG B. YROWDJH FXUUHQW OLPLW DQG WKH PD[LPXP YROWDJH voltagecurrentlimit,andthe maximumLQGXFHG inducedvoltage DQG LQGXFHG FXUUHQW DUH RQO\ 9 P$ andinducedcurrentareonly4 .749V DQG and4.749mA. ,Q RUGHU WR VWXG\ WKH HIIHFW RI JURXQGLQJ PRGH RQ WKH Inordertostudytheeffectofgroundingmodeonthe LQGXFHG voltageofOPGW,this YROWDJH RI 23*: WKLV paperselects SDSHU VHOHFWV JURXQGLQJ induced grounding E\ EDVH LQWHUYDO EDVH EDVH DQG EDVH IRU bybase,interval3base,4baseand5basefor & EUDQFK OLQHV WR WKH PDLQ OLQH C. 7FRQQHFWLQJ T-connectingbranch linestothemainline ,Q RUGHU WR VWXG\ WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH LQGXFHG Inordertostudythe relationshipbetweentheinduced FRPSDULVRQ WKH inducedvoltageofthemainlineandthe LQGXFHG YROWDJH RI WKH PDLQ OLQH DQG WKH comparison,the YROWDJH RI WKH 23*: LQ WKH 7ZLUHG EUDQFK OLQH DQG WKH voltageoftheOPGWintheT-wiredbranchlineandthe LQGXFHG YROWDJH DQG inducedcurrentflowingthroughthe LQGXFHG FXUUHQW IORZLQJ WKURXJK WKH inducedvoltageand PDLQ OLQH WKH OLQH VSDFLQJ LV WDNHQ DV P DQG WKH mainline,thelinespacingistakenas1.5m,andthe KXPDQ ERG\ DUH measuredatthesecondstalldistance, PHDVXUHG DW WKH VHFRQG VWDOO GLVWDQFH humanbodyare VLPXODWLRQ E\ WDNLQJ WKH GRXEOH DQG simulation LV is FDUULHG carried RXW outbytakingthedoubleand DQG ¡ UHVLVWRU isused LV XVHG insteadof LQVWHDG RI humanbodyinthe KXPDQ ERG\ LQ WKH Q resistor and1000 IRXUEDFN OLQHV JURXQGHG EDVHE\EDVH WKH LQGXFHG four-back linesgrounded base-by-base,DQG andthe induced OLQH IRU simulation VLPXODWLRQ > @ DQG WKH OLQH GLVWDQFH LV WDNHQ DV linefor [2,3],andthelinedistanceistakenas YROWDJH RI WKH 7ZLUHG EUDQFK OLQH DQG WKH PDLQ OLQH LV voltageoftheT-wiredbranchlineandthemainlineis P 1.5m. PHDVXUHG DW WKH FRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH EUDQFK OLQH measuredatthe connectionofthe3#-7#branchline. 7$%/( , TABLEL $IWHU PHDVXUHPHQW WKH After measurement" WKH the LQGXFWLRQ induction YROWDJH voltage RI ofthe 'RXEOHFLUFXLW OLQH inducedvoltage LQGXFHG YROWDJH Double-circuitline *URXQGLQJ Grounding 0DLQ OLQH Mainline )ORZ through WKURXJK Flow )ORZLQJ Flowing PHWKRG method LQGXFWLRQ induction WKH body ERG\ the WKURXJK WKH throughthe YROWDJH9 voltagelV LQGXFWLRQ induction KXPDQ ERG\ humanbody YROWDJH9 voltage/V LQGXFHG induced PDLQ OLQH DQG 7FRQQHFWHG EUDQFK OLQHV LQ GLIIHUHQW mainlineandT-connectedbranchlinesin different OLQH line UHWXUQV DUH HTXDO SUHFLVHO\ RI WKH 7FRQQHFWLRQ returnsareequal, precisely EHFDXVH becauseoftheT-connection, VR WKDW 3DUW\ % DQG 3DUW\ & KDYH WKH VDPH UHOLDELOLW\ sothatPartyBandPartyChavethesame reliability RI of SRZHU DQG WKH RSHUDWLRQ 3DUW\ & LV QRW power VXSSO\ supply,andthe operation RI ofPartyCisnot DIIHFWHG E\ 3DUW\ % WKDW LV WKH 7FRQQHFWHG EUDQFK OLQHV affectedbyPartyB,thatis,theT-connectedbranchlines FXUUHQWP$ current/rnA EDVH E\ EDVH basebybase 1.689 1.689 1.689 EDVHV apart DSDUW 3bases 2.068 2.068 2.068 EDVHV apart DSDUW 4bases 2.224 2.224 2.224 LQ WKH OLQH ZLOO QRW EH DIIHFWHG E\ WKH SRZHU DW WKH inthelinewillnotbeaffectedbythe power OLQHV linesatthe HQG RI WKH PDLQ OLQH endofthemainline. ,9 IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ SRZHU ORVV LQ 23*: IV $QDO\VLV Analysis RI offactorsaffecting powerlossinOPGW 2142 on January 09,2025 at 16:01:38 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Authorized licensed use limited to: SEMPRA San Diego Gas & Electric. Downloaded RI 7ZLULQJ of PXOWLSOH multiple GLVWULEXWLRQ distributionOLQHV lines FRQWDLQLQJ containingT-wiring. R ~ P G W InducedC UITCntl~ OPGW power!oss(Wlkm) ,,,, ,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ WKH LQGXFHG RI WKH 23*: LV Inthissection,the induced FXUUHQW currentoftheOPGWis ~ ..... 01(1 q '':; DQG WKH SRZHU E\ HTXDWLRQ IRU WKH andthe power ORVV lossisLV FDOFXODWHG calculatedby equation(3)forthe r-- l! ~ll SRZHU ORVV SHU XQLW OHQJWK RI WKH 23*: >@ powerlossperunitlengthoftheOPGW[12]. ~ 01" 1- ܫ 9 .fi , II PHDVXUHG E\ VLPXODWLQJ W\SLFDO OLQH LQ GLIIHUHQW measuredby simulating Datypicallinein different FDVHV cases, p݃ ൌ =ሺ(I ݉rn)2 Xܴ R ሻʹ ൈ ܲ ʹ 1 ~ ˄˅ h Baseby base ,Q WKH IRUPXODˈܲ LV WKH SRZHU ORVV SHU XQLW OHQJWK RI Inthe formula, P ݃gisthe powerlossperunitlengthof 23*:˄:NP˅˗ OPGW (W!km) ; .3basesa part ~ basesa part Grounding method l 0111 (I j" lJ 00 5 basesapart )LJ DQG SRZHU XQGHU GLIIHUHQW Fig.5 ,QGXFHG Induced FXUUHQW currentand power ORVV loss RI of 23*: OPGWunderdifferent ܫImisthe RI WKH 23*: LQGXFHG FXUUHQW LQ amplitudeoftheOPGWinducedcurrentin ݉ LV WKH DPSOLWXGH JURXQGLQJ groundingPRGHV modes WKH PLGGOH RI WKH OLQH˄$˅˗ (A) ; themiddleoftheline $V FDQ EH VHHQ IURP WKH ILJXUH WKH 23*: SRZHU Ascanbeseenfromthefigure,theOPGW power ܴLV WKH '& UHVLVWDQFH SHU XQLW OHQJWK RI 23*:˄¡ Q RistheDC resistanceperunitlengthofOPGW( ORVV SHU XQLW OHQJWK LV WKH ODUJHVW ZKHQ JURXQGHG EDVH E\ lossperunitlengthisthelargestwhengroundedbaseby NP˅ /km) . EDVH LV WKH base, UHDFKLQJ reaching :NP 0.3348Wikm, WKH the SRZHU power ORVV lossisthe 7KH W\SLFDO OLQH IXOO OLQH 23*: PRGHO LV ThetypicallinefulllineOPGWmodel IS 23*: ¡NP OPGW-50-36-l-4,'& DC UHVLVWDQFH resistance0.855 Q ikm. VPDOOHVW ZKHQ JURXQGHG DW DQ LQWHUYDO RI EDVHV RQO\ smallestwhen groundedatanintervalof4bases,only :NP WKH SRZHU ORVV DW DQ LQWHUYDO RI EDVHV LV 0.0334Wikm,thepowerlossatanintervalof5basesis $ Numberofline 1XPEHU RI OLQH UHWXUQV A. returns QRW PXFK GLIIHUHQW WKDW DW DQ LQWHUYDO RI EDVHV notmuch different IURP fromthatatanintervalof4bases, DQG WKH RYHUDOO SRZHU EDVLFDOO\ VDWLVILHV WKH andtheoverall power ORVV lossbasicallysatisfiesthe ,Q RUGHU WR VWXG\ WKH LQIOXHQFH WKH QXPEHU RI OLQHV Inordertostudythe influence RI ofthe numberoflines RQ WKH 23*: SRZHU WKH JURXQGLQJ VLWXDWLRQ RI WKH ontheOPGW power ORVV loss,the groundingsituationofthe GRXEOH OLQH DQG WKH IRXU OLQHV E\ EDVH DUH FKRVHQ DQG WKH doublelineandthefourlinesbybasearechosen,andthe OLQH VSDFLQJ LV P DQG WKH PHDVXUHG LQGXFWLRQ FXUUHQW linespacingis1.5m,andthe measuredinduction current UHTXLUHPHQW WKH SRZHU WKH requirement WKDW thatthe power ORVV loss GHFUHDVHV decreases DV asthe JURXQGLQJ LQWHUYDO LQFUHDVHV groundingintervalincreases. & EUDQFK OLQHV WR WKH PDLQ OLQH C. 7FRQQHFWLQJ T-connectingbranch linestothemainline LV $ UHVSHFWLYHO\ FDQ EH is $ 0.8849A DQG and1.904A respectively, ZKLFK whichcanbe VXEVWLWXWHG WKH IRUPXOD WR REWDLQ 23*: substituted LQWR intotheformula(3)to obtain WKH theOPGW ,Q RUGHU WR VWXG\ WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH SRZHU Inordertostudythe relationshipbetweenthe power ORVV RI 23*: LQ WKH 7ZLUHG EUDQFK OLQH DQG WKH PDLQ lossofOPGWintheT-wiredbranchlineandthemain SRZHU RI :NP SHU XQLW OHQJWK LQ WKH GRXEOH power ORVV lossof 0.3348Wikmperunitlengthinthedouble OLQH DQG WKH 23*: SRZHU ORVV RI :NP SHU XQLW line,andtheOPGWpowerlossof1.5498W!kmperunit OLQH WKH OLQH VSDFLQJ LV WDNHQ DV P DQG WKH VLPXODWLRQ line,thelinespacingistakenas1.5m,andthe simulation LV FDUULHG RXW LQ WKH FDVH RI GRXEOH DQG TXDGUXSOH is carried outinthecaseofdoubleandquadrupleline OLQH OHQJWK LQ WKH IRXU OLQHV 'XH WR WKH LQFUHDVH LQ WKH lengthinthefourlines.Duetotheincreaseinthe QXPEHU OLQHV WKH FRXSOLQJ number RI oflines,the coupling EHWZHHQ between OLQHV linesis LV JURXQGLQJ EDVH DQG WKH LQGXFWLRQ grounding E\ bybase,andthe induction FXUUHQW current PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH 7ZLUHG EUDQFK OLQH LV FDUULHG RXW DW measurementoftheT-wiredbranchlineis carriedoutat VWUHQJWKHQHG DQG WKH LQGXFWLRQ FXUUHQW LQFUHDVHV ZLWK WKH strengthenedandthe inductioncurrent increaseswiththe LQFUHDVH LQ WKH QXPEHU OLQHV VR WKH SRZHU ORVV DOVR increaseinthe number RI oflines,sothepowerlossalso WKH RI EUDQFK OLQH DQG WKH UHVXOWV DUH the FRQQHFWLRQ connectionof3#-7#branchline,andtheresultsare DV IROORZV asfollows. LQFUHDVHV mcreases. % *URXQGLQJ PHWKRG B. Groundingmethod $IWHU WKH SRZHU RI WKH PDLQ OLQH LV After FDOFXODWLRQ calculation,the powerORVV lossofthemainlineis JUHDWHU WKDQ WKDW RI WKH 7FRQQHFWHG EUDQFK OLQH 7KH greaterthanthatoftheT-connectedbranchline.The ,Q RUGHU WR VWXG\ WKH HIIHFW RI JURXQGLQJ PRGH RQ WKH Inordertostudytheeffectofgroundingmodeonthe 23*: SHU XQLW OHQJWK WKLV SDSHU OPGW SRZHU power ORVV lossperunitlength,this paper VHOHFWV selects SRZHU RI WKH PDLQ OLQH RQ WKH GRXEOHFLUFXLW power ORVV lossofthemainlineonthe double-circuitDQG and IRXUFLUFXLW OLQHV LV : DQG : UHVSHFWLYHO\ four-circuit linesis 0.3348Wand 1.5498W,respectively, JURXQGLQJ EDVH LQWHUYDO EDVH EDVH EDVH grounding E\ bybase,interval3base,4base,5base JURXQGLQJ IRU FRPSDULVRQ LQ WKH GRXEOHUHWXUQ OLQH WKH groundingfor comparisoninthe double-returnline,the LQGXFWLRQ RI WKH WUXQN OLQH LV PHDVXUHG DW WKH induction FXUUHQW currentofthetrunklineis measuredatthe VHFRQG ILOH GLVWDQFH WKH OLQH LV VLPXODWHG looon secondfiledistance,thelineis simulated ZLWK with ȍ UHVLVWDQFH LQVWHDG RI KXPDQ ERG\ DQG WKH OLQH VSDFLQJ LV resistanceinsteadof humanbody,andthelinespacingis WDNHQ DV P WKH PHDVXUHG LQGXFWLRQ ill. $IWHU After VXEVWLWXWLQJ substitutingthe measuredinduction takenas1.5 FXUUHQW LQWR HTXDWLRQ WKH FDOFXODWLRQ DUH currentinto equation (3),the calculation UHVXOWV resultsare VKRZQ LQ )LJ showninFig.7. ZKLOH WKH SRZHU RI WKH 7FRQQHFWHG EUDQFK OLQH LV whilethe power ORVV lossoftheT -connectedbranchlineis : DQG : UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLFK LV GXH WR WKH whichisduetothe 0.0539Wand0.1681W,respectively, ORQJHU OLQH DQG JUHDWHU ORDG RQ WKH PDLQ OLQH GXH WR PRUH longerlineandgreaterloadonthemainline;duetomore FLUFXLWV RQ WKH IRXUZD\ OLQH WKH FRXSOLQJ circuitsonthefour-wayline,the couplingEHWZHHQ betweenWKH the OLQHV LV VWURQJHU UHVXOWLQJ JUHDWHU LQGXFHG FXUUHQW WKDQ linesisstronger, resultingLQ ingreater inducedcurrentthan WKH DQG WKH SRZHU LV DOVR JUHDWHU the GRXEOHZD\ double-wayOLQH line,andthe powerORVV lossisalsogreater WKDQ WKH GRXEOHZD\ OLQH thanthe double-wayline. 9 V &RQFOXVLRQ Conclusion 2143on January 09,2025 at 16:01:38 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Authorized licensed use limited to: SEMPRA San Diego Gas & Electric. 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ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ References >@+X .H (OHFWULF /RVV RI N9 2YHUKHDG *URXQG :LUH RI [1]HuKe.ElectricLossof500kVOverheadGroundWireof500 &RPPRQWRZHU 'RXEOHWUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQHV>'@6KDQJKDL 'LDQ-L Common-towerDouble-transmissionlines[D].ShanghaiDianJi 8QLYHUVLW\ University,2019. >@6KL +XDER 'LQJ /LMLH 3HQJ 6KL\X HW DO 6WXG\ RQ WKH +DUP RI [2]ShiHuabo,DingLijie,PengShiyu,etal.StudyontheHarmof ,QGXFHG 9ROWDJH DQG ,QGXFHG &XUUHQW RQ +XPDQ %RG\ LQ N9 InducedVoltageandInducedCurrentonHumanBodyin110kV 'RXEOH &LUFXLW 7UDQVPLVVLRQ /LQHV>-@ 6LFKXDQ (OHFWULF 3RZHU DoubleCircuitTransmissionLines[J].SichuanElectricPower 7HFKQRORJ\ Technology,2017,40(03):52-5+94. >@=KHQJ <XQORQJ /XR 5LFKHQJ =RX 0LQJ HW DO ,QGXFHG 9ROWDJH DQG [3]ZhengYunlong,LuoRicheng,ZouMing,etal.InducedVoltageand &XUUHQW 6LPXODWLRQ RIof380VLineparallelOperatingUnder330kV 9 /LQHSDUDOOHO 2SHUDWLQJ 8QGHU N9 CurrentSimulation 'RXEOH&LUFXLW 7UDQVPLVVLRQ /LQHV>-@ -RXUQDO 2I (OHFWULF 3RZHU Double-CircuitTransmissionLines[J].JournalOfElectricPower 6FLHQFH $QG 7HFKQRORJ\ ScienceAndTechnology,2021,36(01):216-22. >@*XR /HL /L :HLKXD /L =KHQTLDQJ HW DO (OHFWURPDJQHWLF 7UDQVLHQW [4]GuoLei,LiWeihua,LiZhenqiang,etal.ElectromagneticTransient 6LPXODWLRQ DQG 0HOWLQJ $FFLGHQW $QDO\VLV IRU 23*: RI /HDGLQJ SimulationandMeltingAccidentAnalysisforOPGWofLeading 'RZQ IURP WKH 6XEVWDWLRQ V 3RUWDO )UDPH>-@ ,QVXODWRUV DQG 6XUJH DownfromtheSubstation'sPortalFrame[J].InsulatorsandSurge $UUHVWHUV Arresters,2019,(03):32-9. >@ =KDQJ <DWLQJ *DR %R 6KL :HL 5HVHDUFK RQ ,QIOXHQFLQJ )DFWRUV [5]ZhangYating,GaoBo,ShiWei.ResearchonInfluencingFactors DQG 5HGXFLQJ 0HWKRGV RI WKH 3RZHU /RVV E\ *URXQG :LUH LQ andReducingMethodsofthePowerLossbyGroundWirein750 N9 3RZHU 6\VWHP>-@ ,QVXODWRUV DQG 6XUJH $UUHVWHUV kVPowerSystem[J].InsulatorsandSurgeArresters,2008,(01): 18-21. >@/LX .DL :X 7LDQ 6KL 5RQJ HW DO $QDO\VLV RQ 23*: *URXQGLQJ [6]LiuKai,WuTian,ShiRong,etal.AnalysisonOPGWGrounding /RVV RQ N9 $& 7UDQVPLVVLRQ /LQH>-@ +LJK 9ROWDJH Losson750kVACTransmissionLine[J].HighVoltage (QJLQHHULQJ Engineering,2011,37(02):497-504. >@=KDR 'DQGDQ +DQ =KHQJ *XR -LH *URXQGLQJ 0RGHV DQG (OHFWULF [7]ZhaoDandan,HanZheng,GuoJie.GroundingModesandElectric /RVV RI N9 2YHUKHDG JURXQG :LUH>-@ +LJK 9ROWDJH Lossof750kVOverheadgroundWire[J].HighVoltage $SSDUDWXV . 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TelecomWorld,2017(12):131-132 2144on January 09,2025 at 16:01:38 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Authorized licensed use limited to: SEMPRA San Diego Gas & Electric. Downloaded
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