Answer all questions.
Jawab semua soalan.
QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1
Water is very important to living organism. Osmoregulation is a homeostasis mechanism
to regulating water and salt balance in body fluid to maintain blood osmotic pressure.
Kidney is an organ functioning to carry out osmoregulation. One way to maintain the
optimum osmotic pressure of body fluid is to excrete excess water by producing urine.
Air sangat penting bagi organisma hidup. Pengosmokawalaturan ialah mekanisma
homeostasis yang mengawalatur keseimbangan air dan garam dalam bendalir badan
untuk mengekalkan tekanan osmosis darah. Ginjal ialah organ yang berfungsi untuk
menjalankan pengosmokawalaturan. Satu cara untuk mengekalkan tekanan osmosis
yang optimum bagi bendalir badan ialah menyingkirkan air berlebihan melalui
penghasilan air kencing.
Diagram 1 show three types of drinking water with their nutrition fact labeled as P, Q and
R used in an experiment that is ideal for endurance sports member to study the effect of
different types of drinking water to the rate of urine production.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan jenis air minuman dengan fakta nutrisi dilabel sebagai P, Q dan R
yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen yang sesuai untuk ahli sukan lasak untuk
mengkaji kesan jenis air minuman yang berbeza dengan kadar penghasilan air kencing.
P
Q
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
R
The following steps are carried out in this experiment:
Langkah-langkah berikut dijalankan dalam eksperimen ini:
Step 1
: Student X emptied their bladder before starting the experiment.
Langkah 1
: Murid X mengosongkan pundi kencing sebelum eksperimen dimulakan.
Step 2
: Student X was asked to run 400 m then given 500 ml of drinking water P
to drink.
Langkah 2
: Murid X diminta berlari 400 m kemudian diberi 500 ml air minuman P
untuk diminum.
Step 3
: Student X was kept in a conditioned room at 20oC and instructed not to
eat anything during the experiment.
Langkah 3
: Murid X diletakkan dalam satu bilik berhawa dingin pada suhu 20oC dan
diarahkan tidak memakan sesuatu semasa eksperimen dilakukan.
Step 4
: After 30 minute, student X was instructed to urinate in the toilet using a
measuring cylinder and after another 30 minute that student have to
urinate again.
Langkah 4
: Selepas 30 minit, murid X diarahkan untuk mengumpulkan air kencing
di dalam tandas menggunakan silinder penyukat dan selepas 30 minit
berikutnya murid itu diminta mengumpul air kencingnya sekali lagi.
Step 5
: Step 1 to step 4 were repeated by giving drinking water Q and R to
same student for the next 2 day in a row.
Langkah 5
: Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang dengan memberikan air minuman Q dan R
untuk murid yang sama untuk dua hari berikutnya berturut-turut.
Step 6
: All data is recorded in table 1.
Langkah 6
: Semua data direkodkan dalam jadual 1.
Table 1 shows the result of the experiment.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Type of
Concentration of sodium
drink
in drinking water
Jenis
Kepekatan garam dalam
minuman
air minuman (%)
Volume of urine produced
Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan (ml)
First 30 minute
30 minit pertama
Second 30 minute
30 minit kedua
140
P
0
130
Q
R
5
60
50
50
40
11
Table 1/ Jadual 1
(a)
In table 1, record the volume of urine collected in measuring cylinder in the space
provided.
Dalam jadual 1, catatkan isipadu air kencing yang dikumpulkan dalam silinder
penyukat pada ruangan yang disediakan.
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(b)(i)
Based on table 1, state two different observations for this experiment.
Berdasarkan jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian berbeza untuk eksperimen ini.
Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1
…….………………………………………………………………………………………..
.……….…….……..………………………………………………………………………..
.…..…………………………….…….……………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2
…….………………………………………………………………………………………..
……….…….……..………………………………………………………………………..
…..…………………………….…….……………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in (b)(i)
Nyatakan inference yang berkaitan dengan pemerhatian dalam (b)(i).
Inference 1 / Inferens 1
…….………………………………………………………………………………………..
……….…….……..………………………………………………………………………..
…..…………………………….…….……………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Inference 2 / Inferens 2
…….………………………………………………………………………………………..
……….…….……..………………………………………………………………………..
…..…………………………….…….……………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(c)
Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.
Lengkapkan jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen.
Method to handle variable
Cara mengendalikan pemboleh ubah
Variable / Pemboleh ubah
Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. ………………………………………..............
Controlled variable
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………. …………………………………………………
Table 2/ Jadual 2
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(d)
State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………….……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………….…………………………………………..
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(e)(i)
Based on table 1, construct a table and record the result of the experiment. Your
table must include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan jadual 1, bina satu jadual dan rekodkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Jadual anda mesti mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut :

Type of drink
Jenis minuman

Concentration of sodium in drinking water
Kepekatan garam dalam air minuman

First and second volume of urine produced
Isipadu air kencing pertama dan kedua dihasilkan

Total volume of urine produced after 60 minute
Jumlah isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan dalam 60 minit

Rate of urine production
Kadar penghasilan air kencing
Rate of urine production
=
Total volume of urine produced
time
Kadar penghasilan air kencing =
Jumlah isipadu air kencing dihasilkan
masa
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(e)(ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer the question.
Draw a graph to show the rate of urine production against concentration of
sodium in drinking water.
Guna kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab soalan ini.
Lukis graf untuk menunjukkan kadar penghasilan air kencing melawan kepekatan
garam dalam air minuman.
[3 marks / 3 markah]
Rate of urine production
Kadar penghasilan air kencing
(ml/minit)
Concentration of sodium
Kepekatan garam
(%)
(f)
Based on a graph, state the relationship between the concentration of sodium in
drinking water and the rate of urine production. Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf, terangkan hubungan antara kepekatan garam dalam air
minuman dengan kadar penghasilan air kencing. Terangkan jawapan anda.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(g)
Student X has repeated the same experiment by drinking water P and was given
salted nuts to eats after drinks his drinking water. Predict the rate of urine
production in 60 minutes. Explain your answer.
Murid X telah mengulangi eksperimen yang sama dengan meminum air P dan
diberi kacang masin untuk dimakan selepas meminum air minumannya.
Ramalkan kadar penghasilan air kencing dalam masa 60 minit.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(h)
Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational definition of blood
osmotic pressure?
Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definasi secara operasi bagi
tekanan osmosis darah?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(i)
Diagram 1.1 shows different type of food that can cause the changes in blood
osmotic pressure.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan jenis makanan berbeza yang boleh menyebabkan
perubahan tekanan osmosis darah.
T
V
U
Isotonic drink
Minuman isotonik
X
W
Salted / masin
Z
Y
Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1
Based diagram 1.1, classify the type of food in table 3 provided.
Berdasarkan rajah 1.1, klasifikasikan jenis makanan tersebut dalam jadual 3
yang disediakan.
Lower blood osmotic pressure
High blood osmotic pressure
Tekanan osmosis darah rendah
Tekanan osmosis darah tinggi
Table 3 / Jadual 3
[3 marks / 3 markah]
QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2
Diagram 2(a) shows a Mimosa pudica is a creeping annual plant. The leaves of this
plant fold inward and droop when touched or shaken defending from harm and re-open a
few minute later. This plant is easily found living wild in light exposed areas especially in
school field.
Rajah 2(a) menunjukkan Mimosa pudica ialah sejenis tumbuhan merayap semusim.
Daun pokok ini melipat ke dalam dan terkulai apabila disentuh atau digoncang untuk
mengelak daripada bahaya dan terbuka semula beberapa minit kemudian. Pokok
mudah dijumpai hidup liar di kawasan terdedah cahaya terutama di padang sekolah.
Diagram 2(a) / Rajah 2(a)
Diagram 2(b) shows a quadrat which is used to determine a population of plant and
diagram 2(c) shows the areas where the experiment is conducted.
Rajah 2(b) menunjukkan quadrat yang digunakan untuk menentukan populasi pokok
dan rajah 2(c) menunjukkan kawasan dimana eksperimen dijalankan.
Diagram 2(b) / Rajah 2(b)
Light shaded areas
Kawasan
terlindung cahaya
Light exposed areas
Kawasan terdedah
cahaya
Diagram 2(c) / Rajah 2(c)
Based on Diagram 2a, 2b and 2c, design an experiment to study the effect of light
intensity on the frequency of Mimosa pudica by using quadrat sampling technique.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2a, 2b dan 2c, reka bentuk satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan
keamatan cahaya ke atas frekuensi Mimosa pudica dengan mengunakan kaedah
persampelan kuadrat.
The planning of your experiment must include the following aspect:
Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:
o
Problem statement
Pernyataan Masalah
o
Hypothesis
Hipotesis
o
Variables
Pemboleh ubah
o
List of apparatus and materials
Senarai bahan dan radas
o
Experimental procedure
Prosedur eksperimen
o
Presentation of data
Persembahan data
[17 marks / markah]