Engineering Standard
16 August 2022
SAES-B-055
Plant Layout
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
Previous Revision: 28 October 2021
Contact: Ghamdi, Hatem S (GHAMHS0A)
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Page 1 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Contents
Summary Of Changes ................................................................................................... 3
1
Scope ...................................................................................................................... 8
2
Conflicts And Deviations ....................................................................................... 8
3
References .............................................................................................................. 8
4
Terminology............................................................................................................ 9
5.
Design Considerations ........................................................................................ 11
6
Instructions For Use Of Spacing Charts And Tables ........................................ 12
7
Miscellaneous Onsite Spacing Requirements ................................................... 13
8
Miscellaneous Offsite Spacing Requirements................................................... 15
Appendix – Supplemental Information ...................................................................... 20
FIGURE 1 - ONSITE SPACING CHART .............................................................................. 40
FIGURE 2 - OFFSITE SPACING CHART ............................................................................ 41
Document History ....................................................................................................... 42
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 2 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Summary of Changes
Paragraph Number
Previous Revision
Change Type
Technical Change(s)
Current Revision
(Addition, Modification, Deletion,
New)
(28 October 2021)
(16 August 2022)
3.1
3.1
Addition
References to SAEP-13,
SAES-A-112 and SAES-J-510
added.
3.1
3.1
Deletion
Reference SAES-J-502
deleted as it has been
cancelled.
3.1
3.1
Deletion
Reference AB-036667 deleted
as it has been cancelled.
3.1
3.1
Addition
Reference to Library Drawing
DB-950439-001 added as
drawing AB-036667 has been
converted to a library drawing.
3.1
3.1
Modification
The titles of the following
SAESs have been updated:
SAES-B-009, SAES-B-060
and SAES-B-070
3.1
3.1
Addition
Reference to SAES-B-801
added.
4
4.1
Modification
For consistency the definitions
of Flammable and
Combustible Liquids now refer
to the equivalent definitions in
SAES-B-005.
4
4
Deletion
The definition of Flashing
Liquid has been removed as it
is not required in this
document.
4
4.1
Modification
The definition of Main Office
Buildings has been simplified
to remove any subjectivity and
stress that it is the population
of the building that is
important.
7.4.2
7.4.2
Modification
Reference to Analyzer
Shelters changed from SAESJ-502 to SAES-J-510 as the
previous reference no longer
exists.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 3 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
N/A
Plant Layout
7.7.1
Addition
Statement added ‘Portable
gas cylinders in plant areas
shall comply with the
requirements of SAES-B-801,
Chapters 53 and 58, and the
Construction Safety Manual’.
This ensures compliance with
the relevant requirements of
the above-mentioned
documents.
8.1
8.1
Deletion
The following sentence has
been deleted as section 5.5
was removed in the 2017
revision of the document to
ensure that approval of
technical deviations is in
compliance with SAEP-302:
‘The provisions of Section 5.5
shall apply if reductions are
needed’.
9.5.1
8.6.1
Modification
Last sentence modified to ‘The
plan shall be reviewed by the
Proponent, Area Loss
Prevention and Fire Protection
Departments’.
This ensures that the layout
and spacing of roads is also
reviewed by the fire protection
department.
N/A
8.6.10 (a)
Addition
The following statement has
been added ‘Roadways shall
be designed in compliance
with SAES-B-801, Chapter 5’.
This ensures roads are
designed to facilitate the safe
access and maneuvering of
fire trucks.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 4 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
N/A
Plant Layout
8.6.10 (h)
Addition
The following statement has
been added ‘Primary and
secondary roads shall not be
routed through electrically
classified areas’.
This ensures that vehicles,
using primary or secondary
roads, do not pass through
electrically classified areas.
This ensures that only
accessways, which are
barriered off, are allowed
within electrically classified
areas and vehicles
9.5.3
8.6.3
Modification
Reference to AB-036667 has
been replaced with DB950439-001 as this is now a
library drawing.
9.6
9.6
Deletion
Paragraph 9.6 deleted and
wording added to Appendix X2.
Appendix A-1
Appendix A-1
Deletion
Reference to E-1 removed to
align with Figure 1.
Appendix P-2
Appendix P-2
Modification
Statement added: ‘Other
security related spacing
requirements may apply, refer
to SAES-O-202’.
This ensures that security
related requirements with
respect to property lines are
considered in the spacing of
facilities.
Appendix S-2
Appendix S-2
Addition
Statement added to state the
required minimum spacing
between office buildings and
flares.
Appendix: U-2
Appendix: U-2
Deletion
Reference to D-2 removed to
align with Figure 2.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 5 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Appendix: V-2
Plant Layout
Appendix: V-2
Modification
Residential Area requirements
moved from existing Appendix
V-2 to a new Appendix X-2
since the spacing
requirements differ from main
office buildings. This is
because residential areas are
considered extremely
vulnerable as they are densely
populated and difficult to
evacuate during emergencies
as residents often include
children, elderly and people
with special needs.
Also, further clarification
added to enable main office
buildings to be located closer
to plant perimeter fences if
supported by a BRA study and
cost-effective measures.
Appendix X-2
Appendix X-2
New
Incorporates requirements
from paragraph 9.6 which has
been deleted.
QRA and environmental
impact assessment (EIA) per
SAEP-13 shall be conducted
to determine the required
spacing. In no case shall
residential areas be located
closer than 500 m from the
perimeter fence of any
hydrocarbon facility.
The requirement to develop
LSIRs for all new facilities to
quantify the land use
development within the vicinity
of Saudi Aramco hydrocarbon
facilities is also emphasized.
Figure 1:
Figure 1:
A-1 to T-1 &
A-1 to T-1 &
T-1 to A-1
T-1 to A-1
Modification
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Spacing increased to 30m to
align with the existing
requirement in Appendix: A-1.
Page 6 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Spacing Between
Control Buildings (A1), Satellite
Instrument Buildings
(B-1) and Plant
Electrical Load
Centers or
Substations (C-1)
Spacing Between
Control Buildings (A1), Satellite
Instrument Buildings
(B-1) and Plant
Electrical Load
Centers or
Substations (C-1)
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
O-2 to Q-2
O-2 to Q-2
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Spacing Between
Spacing Between
E-2 to E-2
E-2 to E-2
E-2 to N-2
E-2 to N-2
K-2 to K-2
K-2 to K-2
K-2 to V-2
K-2 to V-2
N-2 to N-2
N-2 to N-2
N-2 to V-2
N-2 to V-2
Figure 2
Figure 2
Row V-2
Row V-2
Figure 2
Figure 2
Row X-2
Row X-2
Modification
Spacing changed from A to E:
i.e. ‘Provide separation
between buildings based on
access for operation,
maintenance and firefighting
and Saudi Aramco Building
Code (SAES-M-100)
requirements for fire
separation distance;
whichever is greater’.
Modification
Spacing changed from 1.5m to
15m as this was a typo.
Modification
Spacing changed from X to T:
i.e. ‘Provide separation
between buildings based on
access for operation,
maintenance and firefighting
and Saudi Aramco Building
Code (SAES-M-100)
requirements for fire
separation distance;
whichever is greater’.
Modification
Residential areas moved to
new row X-2 and certain
spacing requirement for Main
Office Buildings updated.
New
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
New Row X-2 added for
Residential Areas.
Page 7 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
1
Plant Layout
Scope
This standard provides minimum spacing requirements for equipment and
structures in the design and layout of new plants and expansions or modifications
of existing plants.
Exception:
Where this standard is in conflict with specialized requirements for offshore
platforms, covered in SAES-B-009; for piers, wharves, sea islands, in SAES-B060; bulk plants/air fueling operations in SAES-B-070, and buildings in SAES-M100, those standards shall govern.
2
Conflicts and Deviations
Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi
Aramco Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD
Coordinator.
Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company
procedure SAEP-302.
3
References
All referenced specifications, standards, codes, drawings, and similar material
are considered part of this engineering standard to the extent specified, applying
the latest version, unless otherwise stated.
3.1
Saudi Aramco References
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures
SAEP-13
SAEP-302
Project Environmental Impact Assessments
Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
SAES-A-112
SAES-B-005
SAES-B-006
SAES-B-009
SAES-B-014
SAES-B-060
SAES-B-062
Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
Spacing and Diking for Atmospheric and
Low-Pressure Tanks
Fireproofing for Plants
Fire/Blast Protection and Safety Requirement for Offshore
Production Facilities
Safety Requirements for Plant and Operations Support
Buildings
Fire Protection and Safety Requirements for Piers, Wharves,
and Sea Islands
Onshore Wellsite Safety
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 8 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
SAES-B-064
SAES-B-068
SAES-B-069
SAES-B-070
SAES-B-801
SAES-D-109
SAES-D-110
SAES-F-007
SAES-J-510
SAES-L-310
SAES-O-202
SAES-P-107
SAES-S-020
SAES-X-700
Plant Layout
Onshore and Nearshore Pipeline Safety
Electrical Area Classification
Emergency Eyewashes and Showers
Fire and Safety Requirements for Bulk Plants, Air Fueling
Terminals, and Sulfur Loading/Unloading Facilities
Saudi Aramco Fire Code
Design of Small Metallic Storage Tanks
Design of Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Storage
Tanks
System Design Criteria of Flares
Process Analyzer Systems
Design of Plant Piping
Security Fencing Systems
Overhead Distribution Systems
Oily Water Drainage Systems
Cathodic Protection of Onshore Well Casings
Saudi Aramco Manuals
SACSM
Saudi Aramco Construction Safety Manual
Saudi Aramco Library Drawing
DB-950439-001
4
Terminology
4.1
Definitions
Tell - Tales for Overhead Powerline and Pipeway Crossings
- Details
Accessway: An accessway is a level paved area that allows access for mobile
maintenance or firefighting vehicles to equipment. An accessway will often have
a dead-end since it is not intended for continued travel through a unit.
Accessways are restricted to use only by emergency vehicles, for maintenance,
or for the delivery of operations or maintenance supplies.
Basic Spacing: Basic spacing is the minimum required distance to be
maintained between a certain type of equipment and other equipment, buildings,
or support facilities unless otherwise indicated in the body of the chart.
Combustible Liquid: Refer to SAES-B-005.
Flammable Liquid: Refer to SAES-B-005.
High-Flash Stocks: High-flash Stocks are fluids having a flash point over 54°C
(130°F), stored at temperatures more than 8°C below the flash point. Also see
Combustible Liquid.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 9 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Low-flash Stocks: Low-flash stocks are fluids with a true vapor pressure less
than 90 kPa(abs) (13 psia) and a flash point under 54°C (130°F). This may also
characterize any other fluids that are stored at temperatures above the fluids
flash point or within 8°C of the fluid's flash point.
Main Overhead Powerlines: Powerlines that carry a power load in excess of 69
kV.
Main Office Building: For the purpose of this standard, a main office building is
a building that contains offices for 25 or more people.
Major Highway: A major highway (for the purposes of use in Section 8.5 in this
standard) is a public primary or secondary roadway as designated by the Ministry
of Transport. A primary road connects urban areas of 100,000 persons or more,
connects multiple regions, and serves international connections and is generally
a limited access highway. A secondary road may or may not have controlledaccess, connects urban areas of 50,000 persons or more, connects 2 regions,
and may or may not serve international connections.
Major Offsite Pipeways: Piping that interconnects plants or that connects
plants and storage facilities.
Off-site Spacing: Spacing between units. Also spacing between a unit and
certain types of equipment that are not normally inside a process unit such as
flares or LPG storage vessels.
On-site Spacing: Spacing between equipment within the same process unit or
utility unit.
Perimeter Fence: The fence which completely surrounds an area designated by
Saudi Aramco for a distinct function (plant area, light industrial part, camp, or
other function).
Plant Area: The designated area engaged in the production, processing,
manufacturing, storage, and transportation of crude oil, natural gas, refined
products and their derivatives. A plant area may be inside an onshore perimeter
fence or on the decks of offshore structures.
Plant Piping: Pressure piping system, within an identified plant-area. Plant
piping design and spacing is covered in SAES-L-310.
Plant Utility Service: The supply of steam, water, air, nitrogen, or inert gas
within a processing plant.
Plot-Limit: The plot-limit is a boundary, within the plant area, which surrounds a
single unit or function. The plot-limit may be physical such as a wall, the edge of
a road or pipe-way, chains, posts, or a boundary indicated on an approved plot
plan.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 10 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
RTR Pipe: Glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, also called RTRP or
fiberglass pipe.
Satellite Instrument House or Building: Otherwise known as a PIB (Process
Interface Building) or I/O rack room (I/O refers to input/output, or sending and
receiving of data). This is a building that houses essential electronics equipment
for controlling and monitoring of field equipment.
Tell-Tale: A horizontal cable or post across a road right-of-way at the maximum
allowable elevation to cross safely under a powerline, pipe rack or other
obstruction.
5.
Design Considerations
5.1
General
5.2
5.1.1
Plant layouts for new construction shall provide for a maximum of
safety and exposure protection from the spread of fire, with ease of
operation and maintenance consistent with economical design.
5.1.2
Requirements for future expansion shall be identified by the Facilities
Planning Department and reasonable allowances made on the plot
plan drawings.
Basic Objectives
The basic objectives of the Spacing Design criteria given in this standard are as
follows:
5.2.1
To minimize involvement of adjacent facilities in a fire.
5.2.2
To permit access for firefighting.
5.2.3
To ensure that critical emergency facilities will be accessible for
operators to perform emergency shutdown actions in the event of a fire
or explosion.
5.2.4
To segregate higher-risk facilities or equipment from less hazardous
operations and equipment.
5.2.5
To separate continuous ignition sources from equipment that may have
a higher potential to be a source of release of flammable materials.
5.2.6
To permit access by plant personnel for normal operation and
maintenance of equipment.
5.2.7
To avoid danger or nuisance to persons or facilities beyond the
adjacent property lines.
5.2.8
To minimize equipment damage from a fire or explosion to the
immediate area.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 11 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
5.3
Plant Layout
Spacing Basis
The minimum required spacing distances given in this standard will provide
spacing similar to other plants when compared with facilities similar in nature
elsewhere in the world. They are minimums which will satisfy the above
objectives but do not account for situations such as potential vapor cloud
explosions or flare stack dispersion. There will be instances when special
considerations will provide cause to deviate from these recommended spacing.
6
Instructions for Use of Spacing Charts and Tables
6.1
Spacing Distances
The required minimum spacing distances for buildings and equipment are
presented in the Onsite Spacing Chart (Figure 1) and the Offsite Spacing Chart
(Figure 2).
6.2
Spacing Charts - Basic Spacing
For each facility covered in the charts, the basic spacing is given. This basic
spacing is the required distance to be maintained between a given facility and
other general processing equipment, building or support facility unless a
deviation is indicated in the body of the chart. (See paragraph 6.3 for spacing
between two facilities). This distance is required to minimize the likelihood of a
specific facility becoming involved in fires originating on other equipment, or vice
versa. This basic spacing is not normally required between items of equipment
in similar services, such as a pump and its spare, or pumps and compressors
and their individual drivers.
6.3
Spacing between Two Facilities
The spacing requirement between two facilities is obtained from Figure 1 or
Figure 2 at the inter-section of the appropriate horizontal rows and vertical
columns.
6.4
Reference to Spacing Guides in the Appendix
It is essential that the onsite and offsite charts be used in conjunction with the
spacing guides provided in the Appendix of this standard. These guides are
intended to supplement their respective charts with the following information:
6.4.1
Explanation of the basic spacing requirements for each facility -Normally, spacing between facilities will be the larger of the two basic
spacing involved.
6.4.2
Explanation of variations from the basic spacing requirements -These explanations are given in the guide for only one of the two
facilities involved. Therefore, reference shall be made to the write-up
for both categories to obtain the reasoning for basic spacing variations.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 12 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
6.4.3
6.5
Plant Layout
General remarks on location and spacing for each facility.
Special Equipment
Gas expansion turbines and hydraulic turbines shall be treated in their spacing
similar to compressor or pumps handling flammable fluids.
7
Miscellaneous Onsite Spacing Requirements
7.1
Introduction to Onsite Spacing Chart – Figure 1
The onsite Spacing Chart in Figure 1 provides spacing distances for the typical
on-site equipment. However, it is impractical to include all spacing requirements
in Figure 1. For this reason, spacing is established in this section for additional
items of equipment where fire prevention or safety spacing is considered to be
important. This includes personnel safety items, as well as equipment involved
in hydrocarbon releases or providing a source of ignition for such releases.
7.2
Air Intake Locations
Air intakes are required for a number of items of equipment that are located in or
near plants. Included are internal combustion engines and turbines, air
compressors, inert gas generators, forced draft furnaces, buildings (including
substations) containing unclassified electrical equipment, and boilers.
These equipment items represent an internal source of ignition for any flammable
vapors that might have been pulled in with the air, and the potential for internal
explosion. For this reason, the locations of air intakes in relation to adjacent
equipment must be carefully selected.
Factors to be taken into account include prevailing wind direction, probable
horizontal and vertical dispersion patterns, and the degree of hazard that would
result from contamination of the air and possible formation of a flammable
vapor/air mixture. In instances where air conditioning equipment is utilized for
buildings in hydrocarbon processing plants, additional factors for protection of
personnel hazards or nuisance from toxic or other vapors shall meet SAES-B014.
7.3
Facility layout and spacing for offshore GOSPs shall meet SAES-B-009.
7.4
Analyzer and Operator Shelters
7.4.1
Analyzer and Operator shelters may be located within the plot-limits of
a plant.
7.4.2
The shelters shall be located with free access of no less than 3 m on
all sides. For details, see SAES-B-014 and SAES-J-510.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 13 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
7.5
7.6
Plant Layout
Exhaust stacks
7.5.1
Atmospheric exhausts from steam turbines, combustion gas turbines,
and internal combustion engines shall be located so that they will not
present a hazard to personnel and/or equipment on the same platform
or on adjacent working platforms. They shall be at least 3 m higher
than any platform or access within a horizontal distance of 7.5 m.
7.5.2
The exhaust stack for combustion gas turbines and internal
combustion engines shall discharge above the turbine or engine at a
level outside the classified electrical area.
7.5.3
Where the turbine or engine is driving a compressor or pump handling
flammable fluid, the pump area shall not be enclosed and shall be
freely ventilated, and the stack shall be covered by insulation and an
outer jacketing impervious to liquids.
Emergency Eyewashes and Showers
For locations of emergency eyewashes and showers, refer to SAES-B-069.
7.7
Portable Gas Cylinders
Portable gas cylinders are used in some plant areas. Vulnerability to fire exposure shall
be considered in selecting their location within the plant.
The following shall apply:
7.7.1
Portable gas cylinders in plant areas shall comply with the
requirements of SAES-B-801, Chapters 53 and 58, and the
Construction Safety Manual.
7.7.2
High-risk cylinder installations involving multiple cylinders of flammable
or toxic fluids shall be located at the edge of the plant area, and no
less than 15 m from other hydrocarbon equipment. Good access for
firefighting shall be provided. Bulk storage of such cylinders shall be
located in a remote offsite area.
7.7.3
Lower-risk installations of single cylinders containing flammable
material or multiple cylinders of inert gases shall be located at least
7.5 m from high fire risk equipment such as pumps, gas compressors,
furnaces, and equipment operating over 315°C. In all instances,
cylinders must be adequately chained or supported to avoid the
possibility of falling or being knocked over.
7.8
Cathodic protection equipment spacing shall meet the requirements of
SAES-X-700.
7.9
Windsocks shall be installed at plant facilities handling flammable gases, volatile
liquids, or toxic materials. These areas include, but are not limited to, GOSPs,
gas processing and compression plants, chlorination facilities, bulk plants,
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 14 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
production or injection wellsites in populated areas, permanent outdoor storage
areas for portable gas cylinders, and near gas flare systems. Windsocks shall be
mounted where they can be clearly seen from most ground level points within the
plant boundary. Mounting shall be on the tops of structures or on a pole. More
than one windsock may be required at a plant site. Windsocks shall also be
installed at heliports. Windsocks at heliports shall be lighted if required for night
flights by the Chief Pilot. Windsocks are not required along pipelines except in
hydrocarbon pump stations and major manifolding and scraping stations.
7.10
For plant piping spacing requirements, see SAES-L-310.
7.11
Use of vegetation for landscaping is prohibited within a plant area.
8
Miscellaneous Offsite Spacing Requirements
8.1
Introduction to Offsite Spacing Chart – Figure 2
8.2
8.1.1
The Offsite Chart in Figure 2 provides spacing distances for the typical
facilities being used by Saudi Aramco. These recommended figures
will satisfy the objectives listed in Section 5.2.
8.1.2
Since it is impractical to include all offsite spacing requirements in
Figure 2, additional spacing for miscellaneous facilities are included in
Section 8.
The Appendix shall also be used in conjunction with this chart as
outlined in 6.4.
GOSP, Bulk Plant, and Storage Facilities
All facilities within the plot-limits shall be located a minimum of 300 meters from
major roadways or railroad lines.
8.3
Marine Loading Facilities
There are no basic spacing guidelines of onshore or offshore tanker loading
facilities. The spacing will be dictated by operational and sailing requirements of
the tankers being loaded. Fire prevention and safety requirements are covered
in SAES-B-060.
8.4
Offshore Platforms
Spacing for the auxiliary platforms associated directly with a GOSP is covered
under SAES-B-009. Other offshore platforms are normally unmanned and
support no process, separating or storage facilities. Examples are water injection
platforms and platforms supporting piping manifolds only. Such platforms shall
normally be placed at least 45 m from any platform containing oil and gas
separation, processing, handling or storage facilities.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 15 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
8.5
Plant Layout
Electrical Grid Transmission Lines
Spacing between overhead electrical grid transmission lines and pipelines shall
be in accordance with SAES-B-064.
The following minimum basic spacing for electric transmission lines shall be kept
from:
8.6
a)
Flares and burn pits - 150 m horizontal.
b)
Major highways (as defined in Section 4) - 30 m horizontal.
c)
All items - 9 m vertical.
Roadways in Plants and Other Facilities
8.6.1
The layout and spacing of roads is of considerable importance in a
refinery or other major plants. They provide a means of access for
normal maintenance equipment and firefighting equipment. A logistics
study shall be done to prepare a roadway plan. The plan shall be
reviewed by the Proponent, Area Loss Prevention and Fire Protection
Departments.
8.6.2
All buildings, major equipment areas, and areas reserved for future
plant expansions shall be accessible to allow for installation of large
vessels or oversized heavy equipment.
8.6.3
The number of pipe racks and overhead powerlines crossing roads
shall be minimized as much as possible in the layout of a plant area.
Overhead obstruction warning signs and tell-tales shall be installed on
each approach to pipe racks and powerlines. Refer to Saudi Aramco
Library Drawing DB-950439-001 for installation details.
8.6.4
Vehicle barriers shall be provided for exposed piping near grade for
primary and secondary roads.
8.6.5
Placement and protection of fire hydrants and monitors shall be such
that firefighter access to the fire hydrant and monitor is not hindered.
8.6.6
When considering where to locate vehicle access for a plant,
consideration shall be given to where surface drainage or gas leaks
might prevent plant access for emergency responders during an
incident.
8.6.7
The minimum vertical clearance (measured from the highest point of
the road grade) of overhead powerline conductors at in-plant road
crossings shall meet SAES-P-107.
8.6.8
Three types of roads are normally associated with oil processing
plants, refineries, and similar facilities.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 16 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
8.6.9
Plant Layout
a)
Primary roads are generally for vehicular traffic outside a
plant but they may also be used inside large plants such as
Ras Tanura Refinery. Primary roads are used to allow
unrestricted traffic to travel more easily and safely between
plants or through an industrial area such as a light industrial
park.
b)
Secondary roads are roads which are inside the plant and
normally carry general traffic with no restrictions.
c)
Accessways are usually within the plant plot-limits and
restricted to maintenance or emergency vehicles or to the
delivery of operational supplies after permission is secured
from the plant operator. Accessways are normally posted
and access physically restricted with an appropriate barrier,
such as a gate or posts and chains, to prevent unauthorized
access. The location and type of barriers needed will be
assessed and included as part of the roadway plan approval.
Vertical Clearance for Roads
a)
Vertical unrestricted clearance for elevated pipe racks and
other obstructions crossing over primary and secondary
roads shall be no less than 7.5 m.
b)
Vertical unrestricted clearance for elevated pipe racks and
other obstructions crossing over accessways shall be no
less than 5.5 m.
Exception:
Vertical clearance for overhead obstructions shall be no less than 5.5 m for roads
and accessways for GOSPs and bulk plants.
8.6.10
The following requirements shall be followed in laying out roadways:
a)
Roadways shall be designed in compliance with SAES-B801, Chapter 5.
b)
Primary roads shall be 8 m wide, with 2 m shoulders on each
side. Secondary roads shall be 7 m wide, with 1.5 m
shoulders on each side. For primary and secondary roads
the following clear spaces from the edge of the shoulder
shall be maintained:
No less than 5 m horizontal from the edge of the road
shoulder to the nearest edge of buildings, pipeways, or
equipment, with barriers placed between road and the
building, pipeline, or equipment.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 17 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
No less than 15 m horizontal from the edge of the road
shoulder to the nearest edge of high-risk equipment such as
pumps handling flammable materials, compressors handling
flammable gases, equipment operating at over 315°C, and
furnaces.
8.7
c)
Accessways shall be a minimum of 6 m wide with a
minimum spacing of 6 m horizontal from the accessway
edge to the nearest edge of equipment or the related
equipment skid. Refer to A1.2.3 for further details.
d)
Onshore plants shall be provided with at least a secondary
access road on opposite sides of the plant.
e)
A primary access road to a plant shall not be located in a
plant's surface drainage pattern, and shall be located on the
plant's upwind side if practical.
f)
Normal vehicle traffic to the parking lot of plant facilities and
to primary access gates shall not pass under power lines
where practical.
g)
Primary and secondary roads shall not be routed through
electrically classified areas.
h)
Primary and secondary roads shall not be routed through
electrically classified areas.
i)
For roadways in tank farms, refer to SAES-B-005.
j)
For roadways in wellsite areas, refer to SAES-B-062.
Restrictions on the Use of Nonmetal Tanks and Vessels
8.7.1
The use of tanks and vessels made of thermoplastic resins is
prohibited.
8.7.2
Tanks and vessels made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) or
fiberglass composite may in some services be a technically acceptable
alternative to steel and may be used subject to the following
constraints:
a)
Small tanks or vessels shall meet SAES-D-109 or SAES-D110.
b)
All FRP vessels and tanks shall be located a minimum
distance of 30 m from any hydrocarbon process piping or
equipment. Consideration shall also be made to ensure that
these tanks/vessels and any associated loading equipment
or tank trucks, will not pose a hazard to other facilities.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 18 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
c)
Firefighting equipment and emergency procedures that are
consistent with the type of chemical being stored or
processed shall be provided at each installation.
d)
100% diking of each nonmetal tank or vessel shall be
provided.
e)
Drainage of any diked area shall be provided to meet SAESS-020.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 19 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Appendix – Supplemental Information
A1.1 Scope
The appendix provides supplemental information to be used in conjunction with the
spacing given in Figure 1 and Figure 2 of this standard.
A1.2 General Onsite Layout
A1.2.1
Facilities Location Guidelines: Within plant plot limits, the locations of
major facilities such as control houses, furnaces, compressors,
electrical substations, etc., shall be determined in accordance with the
spacing standards, with consideration given to proximity of adjoining
facilities, location of roadways, prevailing wind direction, site
topography, and similar factors.
A1.2.2
Accessways in Layout-General: The overall layout of the process area
shall be designed with accessways for firefighting, maintenance, and
turnaround isolation. The typical rectangular block pattern is
recommended for large plants and major complexes. This block layout
will provide for at least two approaches to all major process units. Allweather roads shall be provided in all instances.
A1.2.3
Accessways in Layout - Specific widths: The following guidelines shall
be observed in overall plant layouts:
A1.2.4
A1.2.3.1
Accessways shall be a minimum edge distance of 6 m to
equipment. These preferably shall be arranged in
rectangular patterns such that the shorter dimension of
each subdivision area does not exceed 30 m. This layout
arrangement will permit effective firefighting access for
attack from two opposite sides, with at least one side
expected to be available even under emergency
conditions. Consideration shall also be given to limiting the
longer dimension of each continuous equipment area to 60
m by the inclusion of additional firefighting accessways.
A1.2.3.2
Provide 5.5 m clear space under overhead pipeways, with
or without air-cooled heat exchangers above them, if this
area is to be considered as firefighting access from one
side of an area subdivision.
Equipment Stacking: Some equipment stacking may be necessary to
effectively utilize the plot space, but extensive stacking creates the
potential of heavy fire involvement. Thus, the following restrictions on
this practice shall apply:
A1.2.4.1
Avoid stacking more than three levels of equipment in
height. Generally, equipment stacked shall be in the same
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 20 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
service in the normal process flow path (i.e., column
overhead condensers and accumulators).
A1.2.4.2
Other equipment shall not be installed directly over any of
the following:
a)
Pumps or compressors handling flammable materials.
b)
Air-cooled heat exchangers.
c)
Heat exchangers or drums containing flammable
materials at temperatures above 315°C, or above the
known auto ignition temperatures, if lower.
A1.3 Onsite Spacing - Guide to Figure 1
Commentary Note:
The notation “From A-1, B-1”, etc., found in the spacing discussions of various items, refers to the
spacing between the equipment with those reference letters in Figure 1 and the particular item
being discussed.
A-1
Control Buildings
General: Location shall be separated from any facilities creating an
explosion risk and shall be directly accessible by a roadway.
Spacing
Distance, m.
Basic
30
Blast Resistant
35
From T-1
B-1
30
Remarks
Spacing is required to avoid fire involvement
Blast resistant construction may be required.
Refer to SAES-B-014.
Pipeways closer than 30 m from central control houses
shall be avoided. This spacing may be reduced on one
side of the control building only to 15 m minimum, if the
lines are all welded and flanges and valves are
minimized.
Satellite Instrument Buildings
General: Location shall be at unit plot-limits, accessible by roadway.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
15
Remarks
Spacing is provided to avoid fire involvement. It also
provides a limited degree of protection from explosion.
Any explosion significantly damaging the satellite
instrument building would also involve associated plant
equipment; thus, loss of the satellite instrument building
would not in itself cause prolonged downtime of the
associated plants. Reduced spacing may be allowed for
low risk plants handling high-flash stocks at
temperatures below their flash points. The electrical
area classifications outlined in SAES-B-068 shall also be
given consideration as they relate to spacing. To avoid
need for special pressurization or classified electrical
equipment, locate the building outside electrically
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 21 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
From E-1, T-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
Plant Layout
5
classified areas.
Satellite instrument buildings may be closer to pipeways
than to general process equipment, provided that the
lines are all welded, and flanges and valves are
minimized.
Plant Main Electrical Load Centers or Substations
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
15
From T-1
5
Remarks
This spacing helps protect electrical equipment from
fires or explosions in the plant equipment it is meant to
serve.
These facilities shall be located outside any fire
hazardous zones per SAES-B-006 and electrically
classified areas per SAES-B-068. Refer to
SAES-B-014 for additional location requirements.
Pipeways can be located closer if they do not contain
flanges or valves.
Electrical Switchracks Critical to Emergency Shutdown Systems
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
7.5
From F-1
15
Remarks
To avoid damage in a moderate fire, as it has relatively
little resistance to fire exposure. The area classification
requirements of SAES-B-068 shall also be met by this
equipment.
Due to the possibility of more severe fires in furnaces
where split tubes can occur, additional space is provided
to minimize damage to switch equipment.
Emergency Valves for Isolation, Water Sprays, Shut Off, Snuffing Steam,
etc.
General: Spacing for valves or controls that need to be accessed during
emergencies.
F-1
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
15
From U-1
25
Remarks
Provides access to critical valves or controls during
emergency situations.
Water spray valves provided for pressure storage
vessels require additional spacing because of the higher
risk associated with pressure storage.
Furnaces, Heaters, and Boilers
General: Furnaces, heaters and boilers present a constant source of
ignition to any hydrocarbon release; therefore, their location must be
carefully selected. The required location is on the upwind or crosswind
side of a unit, near the plot-limits. Consideration shall be given to adjacent
equipment which is potentially hazardous, whether in the same or a
nearby unit. The top of the furnace stack shall be at least 3 m higher than
any working platform within 60 m horizontally.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 22 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
15
From D-1,
7.5
Remarks
This spacing separates a constant source of ignition
from equipment handling flammable materials. It also
provides for reasonable access to emergency valves in
case of a furnace split tube.
Spacing will minimize damage to equipment in case of
As
a furnace fire or explosion. Reduced spacing provided
since there can be no flammable material releases from
D-1, and the materials handled by G-1 and I-1 are already
above their autoignition temperatures so that furnaces do
not represent the primary source of ignition.
If all furnaces shut down together for test and inspection,
G-1, I-1
From F-1
Required
G-1
From H-1, V-1
25
From M-1
15
From T-1
7.5
From W-1
5
only normal maintenance spacing is required. Furnaces,
which are shut down individually, require
7.5 m spacing if low pressure [less than 690 kPa(ga)
operating pressure at coil inlet] and 15 m spacing if
pressure is above 690 kPa(ga) at the coil inlet.
Greater spacing is required due to potential for large
vapor releases.
As an exception, fuel gas knockout drums may be
spaced as close as 7.5 m to their respective furnaces,
but outside any furnace spill walls.
As an exception, this spacing does not apply between a
furnace and its own individual process and utility lines.
This spacing minimizes the involvement of major plant
pipeways in furnace fires.
Spacing provided to minimize damage to equipment in
case of a furnace fire or explosion. Equipment higher
than 3 m shall be spaced 7.5 m from furnaces having
liquid in the tubes.
Compressor and Pump Drivers with High Skin Temperatures
General: This spacing requirement is intended for drivers such as diesel
engines, gasoline engines, steam turbines, and combustion gas turbines
where elevated operating temperatures, develop as a characteristic of the
unit, presenting a constant source of ignition for possible hydrocarbon
releases. They do not create as positive an ignition source as an open
flame in a furnace.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
10
From F-1
7.5
Remarks
Provides spacing from hot surfaces on drivers to
equipment handling hydrocarbons.
Releases from such equipment will self-ignite and
I-1, O-1
driver ignition source is not important. Spacing is
P-1, Q-1
based on minimizing damage to the driver from other fire
exposure.
Provides access for operation and maintenance, and
From G-1
3
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 23 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
From H-1, J-1
H-1
Plant Layout
10
firefighting around associated pump or compressor.
As an exception, this spacing does not apply to the
particular compressor or pump being driven.
Gas Compressors
General: Equipment associated with the compressors, such as air cooled
heat exchangers, knockout drums, etc., may be located in the compressor
area and need not comply with the 7.5 m spacing to non-associated
equipment, provided they do not restrict access for firefighting and
maintenance. However, in such instances, fireproofing shall be in
accordance with SAES-B-006. Access to compressors for firefighting
purposes must be maintained on at least two sides of the installation.
Compressors handling inert gases or air may be spaced closer to each
other than is shown for gas compressors. Air intakes for air compressors
must be located in a safe area as discussed in Section 7.2 of this
standard. Steam or electric motor-driven gas compressors with less than
150 kW drivers may be treated as pumps for spacing and location
purposes.
Spacing
Basic
I-1
Distance, m.
7.5
G-1
10
H-1
3
Remarks
Spacing provides a degree of protection to expensive
compressor equipment from fires or explosions involving
adjacent equipment, and vice-versa.
As an exception, spacing does not apply to the driver for
the particular compressor being driven. Spacing is
based on the driver being a possible ignition source.
Provides access for operation and maintenance, and
allows increased firefighting access between units. Two
compressors may be grouped in the same risk area, 7.5
m spacing would be required for firefighting access on at
least two sides in this case.
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials at Temperatures above 315°C
General: Flammable liquid pumps shall not be placed beneath other
equipment such as towers, drums, air-cooled heat exchangers, or
pipeways, in order to avoid fire involvement of such equipment. They
shall be located clear of overhead obstructions in order that they may be
reached by mobile equipment for maintenance operations.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
5
From F-1
7.5
Remarks
Since these flammable liquids are above their
autoignition temperatures, they will ignite on release.
Added spacing is provided between pumps, with their
higher fire potential, and adjacent high valued
equipment. Additional access is also provided for
firefighting purposes.
Furnaces do not represent a primary ignition source.
Spacing based on minimizing damage if a release
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 24 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
From I-1
J-1
1.5
occurs, with a subsequent fire on either piece of
equipment.
Spacing allowable for pumps in the same service only. If
in different services, even if both are operating at
temperatures above 315°C, the basic spacing
requirement of 5 m must be met.
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials at Temperatures below 315°C
General: Flammable liquid pumps present a higher fire potential so they
shall be located away from ignition sources.
Spacing
Basic
K-1
Distance, m.
3
Remarks
Spacing minimizes damage in case of fire, by providing
clear access for firefighting. Spacing less than I-1 since
pumps operating below autoignition temperature of
hydrocarbon do not represent as great of a fire risk as
those operating above autoignition temperature.
Cooling Towers
General: Spacing requirements are based on dispersion of hydrocarbon
vapors carried to cooling tower with return water, due to exchanger
leakage. Cooling towers shall be located downwind or crosswind of
buildings and equipment whenever possible. In addition, consideration is
given to corrosion from water in the exhaust plume. Location of towers in
relation to other equipment shall consider these effects.
L-1
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
15
From High
30
Remarks
Spacing provides reasonable distance for hydrocarbon
vapors released with plume to be dispersed before
reaching a source of ignition. Equipment that does not
represent a source of ignition and is lower than the
cooling tower shall be spaced 15 m away.
Equipment higher than the cooling tower equipment shall
be spaced a minimum of 30 m away because of
impingement of the plume.
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
General: Due to the extensive heat transfer surface and type of metals
used for those surfaces, air-cooled heat exchanger bundles are highly
vulnerable to damage within a few minutes under fire exposure. Air cooled
heat exchangers shall be located on the opposite side of the plant, away
from furnaces, to avoid ignition in case of air cooled heat exchanger
leakage. They shall not be located over equipment listed in A1.2.4.2, which
may have a relatively higher fire potential.
Location over major pipeways with equipment on both sides shall be
carefully considered. This is based on limited firefighting access, and the
maintenance difficulties that are introduced. When layout dictates that
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 25 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
they be located above major pipeways, then the following requirements
shall be applied:
a)
A minimum clearance of 3 m shall be provided between the lowest
part of the air-cooled heat exchanger, excluding the motor, and the
top of the pipe rack. In case an access platform is provided below
the heat exchanger, the clearance shall be measured from the
platform surface.
b)
Flanges and valves shall be minimized in all hydrocarbon lines below
the air-cooled heat exchanger.
c)
The horizontal spacing requirements as given in Figure 1 from both
the air-cooled heat exchanger and the pipeway shall be met.
d)
Access shall be provided for mobile equipment used in the removal
or replacement of the air-cooled heat exchanger units.
e)
Supports for the air-cooled heat exchanger and pipeway shall be
fireproofed if so required by SAES-B-006.
Spacing
Basic
From M-1, R-1,
Distance, m.
3
-
S-1, T-1
M-1
Distance, m.
1.5
Remarks
Spacing is primarily to provide access for operating and
maintenance; it also allows some access for
firefighting.
Towers and Columns
Spacing
Basic
O-1
heat exchangers, subject to general requirements.
Drums
Spacing
Basic
N-1
Remarks
Spacing to minimize fire exposure to air-cooled heat
exchangers, since they are more vulnerable to fire
damage than shell and tube exchangers.
This equipment can be located beneath air cooled
Distance, m.
3
Remarks
This spacing provides access for operation and
maintenance, with some additional spacing for
firefighting access.
Reactors above 315°C (Internally Insulated)
General: Releases from connections on reactors operating at
temperatures above 315°C are expected to auto ignite. Reactors
operating at temperatures below 315°C shall be treated as columns for
spacing purposes.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
7.5
Remarks
Spacing provides protection to exposed shells, and also
provides access for firefighting. Internally lined reactors
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 26 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
P-1
Plant Layout
From L-1
5
From O-1
1.5
From S-1
5
are more susceptible to fire damage than unlined
vessels.
An air-cooled heat exchanger fire would not be expected
to expose reactor; thus reduced spacing allowed, based
upon fire exposure from reactor to fin fan.
Access is provided for operation and maintenance.
Reactors in same service may be grouped together for
operating efficiency.
Spacing minimizes damage to structures during a
reactor fire, and also provides access for firefighting,
around the base of the reactor. Spacing to equipment
within structure must meet individual spacing
requirements.
Reactors above 315°C (Externally Insulated)
General: Releases from connections on reactors at temperatures above
315°C are expected to auto ignite. Reactors below 315°C may be treated
as columns for spacing purposes.
Q-1
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
5
From P-1
1.5
Remarks
Damage to other equipment is minimized by spacing.
Spacing takes into account the protection afforded from
fires on other equipment by the external insulation.
Access for firefighting is also provided.
Spacing provides access for operation and maintenance.
Reactors in same service may be grouped in the same
area.
Exchangers Operating Above 315°C
General: The spacing requirements for this item apply to any exchanger
containing flammable materials above 315°C inlet temperature, where
auto ignition on release is expected.
R-1
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
5
From F-1
7.5
From Q-1
1
Remarks
Spacing minimizes damage to adjacent equipment
and also provides some access for firefighting.
The probability of fire is greater than with exchangers
operating below 315°C.
Spacing provides for more distance between the
exchanger and a furnace, since releases from cold side
of exchanger may not autoignite or ignite from hot side
flanges of the exchanger.
Exchangers which are directly connected by a process
stream and operating above 315°C may be spaced as
shown. The basic 5 m spacing shall be applied to other
exchangers.
Exchangers Operating Below 315°C
General: Spacing is less since any flammable materials released will
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 27 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
generally be below their autoignition temperatures.
Spacing
Basic
From R-1
S-1
Distance, m.
1.5
1
Remarks
Primarily provides access for operation and maintenance.
For exchangers in similar service.
Main Equipment Structures
General: Spacing to the structure from other equipment is primarily to
provide access for maintenance operation and firefighting, and to minimize
fire exposure to the structure.
T-1
U-1
Onsite Pipeways
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
5
From J-1
1.5
Remarks
Spacing is primarily provided between pipeways and
equipment to allow for operation and maintenance, and to
reduce involvement from fires in adjacent equipment.
Equipment handling flammables shall not be located
under or above pipeways. There is no spacing
requirement relative to motor or steam turbine drivers
from pipeways.
Same comment on drivers as for I-1. Reduced spacing
is permitted to minimize need for extra pipe supports for
handling the pump piping on and off the pipeway.
Onsite Pressure Storage Vessels
General: Offsite locations for this type of vessel shall be used if not
otherwise dictated by process reasons. The inventory of onsite pressure
storage shall be held to a minimum. The location of such vessels shall be
at the unit boundary, at a minimum of 15 m from furnaces and other
sources of ignition. This category covers refrigeration or other accumulator
vessels of over 40 m³ normal capacity, containing pentane or lighter
flammable liquids.
V-1
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
25
From U-1
1.5 x Dia.
Remarks
Spacing is to minimize exposure to other plant
equipment from a potential source of prolonged, severe
fire. It also minimizes ignition potential in case of light
hydrocarbon release from this equipment.
Provides spacing between vessels for firefighting
operation, and maintenance access.
Blowdown and Water Disengaging Drums
The listed spacing is based on blowdown or water disengaging drums that
are vented to a flare system.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
7.5
Remarks
This equipment shall be located in a separate unit area
in order to avoid its involvement in plant fires.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 28 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
W-1
Plant Layout
Equipment Handling Non-Flammables
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
-
From F-1
5
Remarks
No basic spacing is required for this equipment.
However, adequate spacing must be provided for
operation and maintenance.
Spacing established to minimize damage to equipment
I-1, O-1,
in case of fire in equipment where released materials
P-1, Q-1
will normally be ignited.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 29 of 42
A1.4 Offsite Spacing-Guide to Figure 2
Commentary Note:
The notation “From A-2, B-2”, etc., found in the spacing discussions of various items, refers to the
spacing between the equipment with those reference letters in Figure 2 and the particular item
being discussed.
A-2
B-2
Process Areas
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
45
From A-2
15 to 25
Remarks
Spacing to limit damage to other equipment in case of
fire or explosion in process area, and vice-versa.
Spacing between process areas allows them to be
shutdown independently for test and inspection with
general area hot work permits. This is based on LPG,
NGL, and high-risk type refinery units. For low-pressure
crude handling, such as in stabilizer plants and crude
distillation plants, this spacing can be reduced to 15
meters. Where a number of process units are integrated
into one process area and shutdown together, the
internal spacing shall be based on operation and
maintenance requirements, access for firefighting, and
spacing between fire-risk areas.
Major Shipping Pump Areas
General: This involves those pumps whose loss would significantly
reduce the capability of delivering crude or products to major pipelines or
marine tanker terminals.
Spacing
Basic
C-2
Distance, m.
45
Blending and Booster Pumps
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
25
From G-2,
-
H-2, I-2, J-2
D-2
Remarks
Spacing allows access for firefighting and will minimize
damage to pumps in case of fire or explosion in other
equipment.
Remarks
Spacing provides protection to pumps from fire or
explosion in other equipment, as well as exposure from
pump fires.
Spacing set by risk of pumps to storage tanks. As a
minimum, the pumps must be outside the tank dikes.
Major Offsite Pipeways
General: Piping which interconnects plants, or plants and storage
vessels, must be routed such that it will not remain in service through plant
areas that are shut down for turnaround. Pipeways must be outside the
dikes protecting any product or crude oil storage vessels.
Cross Country Pipelines: Cross-country transportation pipelines outside
plant areas shall be spaced according to SAES-B-064.
Previous Revision: 28 October 2021
Contact: Ghamdi, Hatem S (GHAMHS0A)
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Page 30 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
7.5
From M-2
-
From N-2
15
From S-2,
15
T-2
From U-2
E-2
Plant Layout
100
Remarks
Spacing provides for minimizing damage to pipeways in
the event of a plant fire or explosion in major plant
equipment.
Personnel shall be protected from electric shocks per
SAES-B-064.
Added spacing provided to minimize exposures to
normally occupied buildings.
Spacing is minimum for buried line. A minimum
spacing of 60 m is required for aboveground piping.
Major offsite pipeways offer little risk to wells.
This spacing is based on exposure from a well blowout
fire.
Storage Facilities for Chemicals
General: This category covers storage for chemicals.
Spacing
Basic
F-2
Distance, m.
30
Remarks
This spacing provides separation from major equipment
handling hydrocarbons which could be involved in
sustained fires. This will prevent the overheating of
chemicals.
Loading Racks for LPG
General: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) loading racks for road tank
trucks shall be consolidated at one location at the periphery of the main
plant facilities. This location shall be near an access gate (other than
main gate), so that traffic through the plant is minimized and high-risk
areas are avoided. Refer to SAES-B-070 for further details.
Tank truck loading racks must be provided with adequate space and
roadways for safe truck driving and parking, as well as safe access to and
from loading racks and weight-scales where included.
Spacing
Basic
G-2
Distance, m.
60
Remarks
This spacing allows for dispersion of vapors that may be
released at the rack when making or breaking
connections, or in case of a loading arm failure.
Damage to other equipment in case of a fire at the rack
is also minimized, and vice-versa.
Pressure Storage Vessels
General: This category includes storage vessels (spheres and spheroids,
bullets, dome roof tanks, horizontal storage tanks, etc.) that store fluids
with a true vapor pressure higher than 90 kPa(abs). Releases from this
equipment can result in large vapor clouds. Also, fires associated with
such storage are difficult to handle and constitute a high risk of vessel
failure with sudden release of the entire vessel contents. These vessels
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 31 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
shall be located down slope and downwind from plant areas or other
critical facilities or residential areas. There shall be no other equipment
inside the diked areas of these vessels, excepting associated piping. The
vessel shell shall be at least 15 m inside the dike wall, with the associated
equipment, i.e., pumps, at least 7.5 m from outside the dike.
Commentary Note:
Any expansion of plant facilities downwind of these vessels shall include an impact
assessment of potential large vapor release and fires associated with these vessels.
Spacing
Basic
H-2
Distance, m.
60
From H-2, I-2
60
From J-2
30
Remarks
This spacing provides separation from major plant
facilities such as processing areas and buildings.
Protection is also provided for the pressure storage
vessels in case of fire or explosion at other facilities.
This distance may be reduced I-2 depending upon the
size of the storage vessel. Refer to SAES-B-005.
Reduced spacing allowed due to nature of stocks in
atmospheric storage tanks. Refer to SAES-B-005.
Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage of Low-Flash Stocks
General: Low-flash stocks are fluids with true vapor pressure less than
90 kPa(abs) and a flash point under 54°C and any other fluid that may be
stored at temperatures above or within 8°C of its flash point. These
normally will be floating roof tanks. Tanks shall be placed down slope
from plants or other critical facilities or residential areas.
The spacing between the tank shell and the dike shall meet SAES-B-005.
Except for associated piping, there shall not be any equipment within the
diked area of these tanks.
Spacing
Basic
I-2
Distance, m.
60
Remarks
Spacing is based on large tanks and is reasonable to
permit containment of a tank fire and keep it from
involving other facilities. It will also protect the tanks in
case of fires and explosion at other facilities. This is a
maximum spacing, it may be reduced. Refer to
SAES-B-005.
Refrigerated Storage
General: Covers low-pressure dome roof tanks of up to 17.5 kPa(ga)
design pressure which are insulated to handle refrigerated liquefied gases
of pentane and lighter flammables. Any spillage will pick up heat from the
ground and atmosphere and create large flammable vapor clouds. Fires
in such facilities are difficult to handle. This storage shall be located down
slope and downwind from process areas or other critical facilities or
residential areas. The spacing between the tank shell and the dike shall
meet SAES-B-005. Equipment other than associated piping shall not be
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 32 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
located within diked areas of storage vessels.
Spacing
Basic
J-2
Distance, m.
60
Remarks
Spacing is based on large (more than 60 m diameter)
refrigerated tanks, and is provided to permit containment
of a tank fire to prevent involving other facilities. Also, it
minimizes chances of ignition in case of small spills.
Protection is also afforded to this tankage in case of fire
at other facilities. Spacing may be reduced if the vessels
are less than 60 m in diameter. Refer to SAES-B-005.
Atmospheric Storage of High-Flash Stocks
General: High-flash Stocks are fluids having a flash point over 54°C,
stored at temperatures more than 8°C below the flash point. Tanks shall
be located down-slope and down-wind from process areas or other critical
facilities or populated areas. Area within dike of storage vessel must be
free of all equipment other than associated piping. The spacing between
the tank shell and the dike shall meet SAES-B-005.
Spacing
Basic
K-2
Distance, m.
30
Remarks
High-flash stocks as defined represent a reduced fire
hazard; therefore, a reduced spacing is called for as
compared to the low-flash stocks. This spacing primarily
provides for avoiding damage to this tankage from fire or
explosion in adjacent facilities. Spacing may vary with
size of tank. Refer to SAES-B-005.
Boiler Houses, Power Generating Facilities
General: These facilities are critical to the continued operation of the plant
or refinery. They represent constant sources of ignition for any
hydrocarbon releases from plant process areas. They shall, therefore, be
placed away from process areas as far as possible, consistent with
operating demands.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
45
From N-2
30
From P-2
45
Remarks
Spacing provides protection for these critical facilities from
possible fire or explosion in equipment handling
hydrocarbons. Steam generators which supply less than
25% of the total steam demand for a refinery or other
multi-plant facility, or which supply steam only to a
particular plant within that facility, may be located nearer
operating equipment with spacing as for furnaces.
Reduced spacing allowed since boiler and generating
stations constitute only a minor risk to these type
facilities. Conversely, N-2 facilities do not represent a
hazard to boilers or generating facilities.
Spacing may be reduced to 30 m if the adjoining
property has only buildings or other facilities affording
little risk to the boiler plant/generating facilities.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 33 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
L-2
Plant Layout
Major Electrical Distribution Centers
General: These facilities are considered critical to the operation of multiplant facilities. As a minimum, they shall be placed in a non-classified
electrical area, as defined in SAES-B-068.
Spacing
Basic
M-2
Distance, m.
45
Remarks
Spacing to protect this critical equipment from potential
fire or explosion in equipment processing or handling
hydrocarbons. Loss of electrical centers would result in
shutdown of major plants of the facility.
Main Overhead Power Lines
General: These are normally high voltage power lines and they shall be
routed away from process areas and tank farms. These power lines are
critical to operations and shall be protected from fires or explosions in
other facilities, as these could cause a failure of the main electrical supply.
N-2
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
60
From D-2
-
Remarks
Minimum spacing to provide protection from fires or
explosions in operating equipment or tankage.
Personnel shall be protected from electric shocks per
SAES-B-064.
Buildings (Offices, Workshops, Laboratories, Firehouses, etc.)
General: These facilities represent essentially no exposure to other
facilities. Spacing is the minimum to protect personnel in these buildings
from fires or explosions in equipment handling or storing hydrocarbons.
Spacing may be greater, depending on the building risk assessment.
Refer to the requirements of SAES-B-014 for details.
O-2
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
45
From A-2,
60
Remarks
Minimum spacing to provide protection to buildings and
personnel from possible fire or explosion in major
equipment. However, spacing may be greater,
depending on the building risk assessment.
See SAES-B-014.
Additional spacing is provided from these facilities,
B-2, F-2,
mainly for personnel protection. However, spacing
G-2, H-2, I-2
may be greater, depending on the building risk
assessment. See SAES-B-014.
Main Fire Pumps
General: These pumps may well represent the difference between minor
damage by fire or explosion and the loss of an entire process unit or plant
or tankage area.
Spacing
Distance, m.
Remarks
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 34 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
P-2
Plant Layout
Basic
45
From Q-2
15
This spacing is to prevent the main fire pumps from
becoming involved in a fire or explosion occurring in
major plant hydrocarbon handling equipment.
Special purpose fire pumps, such as those for
special risk protection systems, may be spaced
closer to facilities not being protected by this system.
Reduced spacing permitted since exposure to fire
pumps can be controlled.
Property Lines
General: Spacing from property lines is primarily provided to minimize the
exposure of others to damage from a fire or explosion within the plant
itself. Its application must be considered on the basis of the associated
exposures. Other security related spacing requirements may apply, refer
to SAES-O-202.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
60
From J-2
45
From L-2
-
N-2, O-2
Q-2
R-2
Remarks
Spacing provides protection between plant facilities and
the nearest point which may be built upon or traveled by
others. It also provides protection to plant equipment,
regardless of the occupancy that may develop in the
future on adjacent property.
Reduced spacing is permitted based upon the small fire
risk involved.
Minimum operational and maintenance access spacing
is acceptable if the facilities on adjoining property are of
the low risk type. Greater spacing shall be used if
process plants, storage tanks or other similar risks are
located adjacent to the property line. In these cases,
spacing similar to internal plant requirement shall be
used.
Fire Training Ground
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
45
From D-2
15
Remarks
Spacing provides separation of the source of ignition of
the training ground from equipment handling
hydrocarbons. It also allows for dispersal of the smoke
produced; thus, minimizing the effect on personnel in the
plant areas.
Increased spacing for pipebands is provided in view of
regular spill fires on training grounds.
Oil-Water Separators and Skimming Ponds
General: This relates to spacing to facilities unassociated with the oilwater separator or skim pond. Spacing within the facility to pumps, small
slop tanks, or treating facilities would be developed specifically.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
45
Remarks
Spacing provides separation from operating areas and
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 35 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
other sources of ignition, to prevent hydrocarbon vapors
discharged at the separator from igniting.
It also minimizes exposure from fires at the separators.
Spacing may be reduced to low risk facilities that do not
represent a source of ignition, or where exposure risk is
minimal.
S-2
Elevated Flare
General: The design basis for spacing has to take into account the
amount of heat liberated at the flare and the amount of heat that can be
tolerated by personnel and equipment for various situations. The spacing
given in Figure 2 are basic minimums; the actual spacing used shall be
those resulting from design calculation on the particular flare under
consideration. Refer to SAES-F-007 for details.
A flare is considered to be elevated when its height is more than 15 m.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
60
From D-2
15
From V-2
500
Remarks
Spacing is nominally based on the radius of fallout of
entrained liquid or solid particles (from flare to ignitable
materials). Radiant heat factor to personnel and
equipment must also be considered in design
calculations.
Reduced spacing for buried lines. Distance shall be at
least 60 m from aboveground lines, unless radiant heat
calculations indicate that additional spacing is
necessary.
This is a minimum spacing. Distance shall be at least
500 m from Main Office Buildings. The actual distance
may be greater based on the design calculations, radiant
heat and flare-out considerations etc. for the specific
flare. Refer to SAES-F-007 for details.
Additional Offshore GOSP Flare Requirements: Flares shall be located in
the southwest quadrant, 90 degrees from a downwind direction of the
GOSP. Where there is a submarine line from the platform to the flare
structure, a minimum distance of 550 m is required to reduce the effect of
released hydrocarbon liquid.
T-2
Burn Pits and Ground Flares
General: The listed spacing is a bare minimum. They are primarily
intended to reduce the effects of smoke on personnel and equipment in
nearby facilities and on residential or public areas. The radiant heat effects
on personnel and equipment must be included in spacing calculations, as
required by SAES-F-007. For burn pits and ground flares that are
associated with the operations of wells and pipelines, the requirements of
SAES-B-062 and SAES-B-064 shall be applied.
Spacing
Distance, m.
Remarks
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 36 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Basic
150
From D-2
15
Basically provides for dispersal of smoke from flares or
burn pits. Radiant heat effects must be considered also,
as well as prevailing wind conditions.
Minimum spacing from buried lines. Spacing for
aboveground lines shall be at least 150 meters from
ground flares and 60 meters from burn pits unless
radiant heat calculations indicate otherwise.
Onshore GOSP Flare Location Requirements
The basic spacing given in Figure 2 are generally bare minimums. Actual
spacing shall be calculated based on radiant heat effects on personnel and
adjacent equipment. The reliability of the flare light off system and the
possible exposure of adjacent equipment and personnel due to un-ignited
releases during start-up shall also be considered.
In the absence of calculations, the following spacing shall be used as
minimums for ground flares:
a)
450 m from producing oil/gas wells.
b)
150 m from offsite pipeways, unless buried lines.
c)
450 m from plot-limits of GOSP.
d)
450 m from major public roadways. The flare shall be located such
that glare from it does not interfere with the night vision of vehicle
drivers on the GOSP access road, or nearby public roads.
The following minimum spacing to burn pits shall be observed, unless
calculations indicate otherwise:
U-2
a)
150 m from GOSP plot-limits
b)
150 m from overhead electrical transmission lines
c)
90 m from the GOSP ground flare
d)
60 m from above ground oil/gas lines
e)
15 m from buried oil/gas lines
Oil/Gas Wells
General: For wells, see SAES-B-062 for details on how to calculate the
minimum required spacing.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
SAES-B-062
From R-2,
100
Remarks
Rupture exposure radius is calculated for each well to
determine the minimum required spacing from facilities
and population. See SAES-B-062 for details.
Flares and burnpits of plants or GOSPs shall be located
downwind and crosswind of any oil/gas well.
Lack of ignition source and low relative degree of
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 37 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
exposure risk allows reduction in basic spacing.
V-2
Main Office Buildings
Main Office Buildings shall be located outside of plant perimeter fences in
an area free of hazards from oil and gas processing and handling
installations, and shall be located upwind or crosswind of the prevailing
wind direction of such facilities. Main Office Buildings shall not be located
within 500m of plant perimeter fences, unless it can be shown through a
Building Risk Assessment (BRA) study that it is tolerable with costeffective measures to bring these buildings closer to the fence. The BRA
shall include potential future expansions in the process units, if any, and
their impact on siting high-population buildings.
Spacing
Basic
W-2
Distance, m.
500
Remarks
Under normal weather conditions, this minimum spacing
from a hydrocarbon processing plant area perimeter
fence provides a main office building with a significant
reduction in risk from hazards from oil and gas handling
installations.
Wind Turbine Generators (WTG)
The basic spacing from a wind turbine generator to any other equipment depends on the
WTG size; this basic spacing is the addition of tower height (H) and blade length (R). It
is sufficient to address objectives set in 5.3 as well as preventing any damage to nearby
equipment resulting from a tower collapse. Reduction of this basic spacing is possible if
supported by a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) reviewed by the Loss Prevention
Technical Services Department, Technical Services Unit.
Besides safety, WTG may generate noise and shadow flickers that could impact
occupants for long term exposure. For company buildings, shops, labs and firehouses
and for residential areas, the spacing distance shall be 500 m. Reduction of these
distances is possible if supported by a noise modelling study and a flicker effect study
approved by EPD.
Spacing
Basic
From N-2
From V-2
X-2
Distance, m.
Remarks
H+R
Balance of plant equipment related to the WTG
(e.g., transformer) is allowed within this
spacing zone.
500 m
500 m
Residential Areas
Residential areas shall be kept free of hazards due to oil and gas
processing and handling installations and shall be located upwind or
crosswind of the prevailing wind direction of such facilities. The prevailing
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 38 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
wind direction applicable to a particular location shall be per SAES-A-112.
A Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) per SAEP-13 shall be conducted to determine the
required spacing. The QRA and EIA shall include potential future
expansions in the process units and associated pipelines; and their impact
on siting such areas. In no case shall residential areas be located closer
than 500 m from the plant perimeter fence of any hydrocarbon facility.
In order to quantify the land use development within the vicinity of Saudi
Aramco hydrocarbon facilities, Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR)
contours shall be developed for all new facilities.
Spacing
Basic
Distance, m.
500
Remarks
Under normal weather conditions, this minimum spacing
from a hydrocarbon processing plant area perimeter
fence provides a residential area with a significant
reduction in risk from hazards from oil and gas handling
installations.
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 39 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Figure 1 - Onsite Spacing Chart
Furnaces, Heaters, and Boilers
Compressor/Pump Drivers with High Skin
Temp.
o
o
Gas Compressors
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials At
o
Temperatures Above 315 C
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials At
Temperatures Below 315oC
Cooling Towers
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
Drums
Towers and Columns
Exchangers Operating below 315 C
Main Equipment Structures
Onsite Pipeways
Onsite Pressure Storage Vessels
Blowdown and Water Disengaging Drums
Equipment Handling Non-Flammables
B-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
F-1
G-1
H-1
I-1
J-1
K-1
L-1
M-1
N-1
O-1
P-1
Q-1
R-1
S-1
T-1
U-1
V-1
W-1
o
Exchangers Operating above 315 C
Critical Electrical Switchracks
Emergency Valves for Isolation, Water
Sprays, etc.
A-1
Reactors above 315 C (externally
insulated)
Plant Electrical Load Centers or
Substations
Reference
Letter
o
Control Buildings
FACILITY
Satellite Instrument Buildings
Basic
Spacing
FACILITY
Note: This chart gives basic minimum
spacings and must be used only in
conjunction with the Onsite Spacing
Guide for Figure 1. BASIC SPACING
(far left-hand column) is the distance to
be maintained if not indicated in the
chart.
Reactors above 315 C (internally insulated)
KEY:
A: Provide spacing based on access for
operation and maintenance.
B: As required, see Appendix.
C: One and a half times diameter of the
largest tank.
D: Apply basic spacing or the electrically
classified area whichever is greater.
E: Provide separation between buildings
based on access for operation,
maintenance and firefighting and Saudi
Aramco Building Code (SAES-M-100)
requirements for fire separation
distance; whichever is greater.
Reference
Letter
30
Control Buildings
A-1
E
E
E
A
15
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
A
A-1
15
Satellite Instrument Buildings
B-1
E
E
E
A
5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
5
25
15
A
B-1
15
Plant Electrical Load Centers or
Substations
C-1
E
E
E
A
7.5
15
A
D
D
D
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
5
25
15
A
C-1
7.5
Critical Electrical Switchracks
D-1
A
A
A
A
A
15
A
7.5
7.5
7.5
15
A
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
25
25
25
D-1
15
Emergency Valves for Isolation, Water
Sprays, Snuffing Steam, etc.
E-1
15
5
7.5
A
A
15
7.5
15
15
15
A
7.5
7.5
7.5
15
15
15
15
7.5
A
25
7.5
A
E-1
15
Furnaces, Heaters, and Boilers
F-1
30
15
15
7.5
15
B
7.5
25
7.5
15
30
15
15
15
7.5
5
7.5
15
15
7.5
25
25
5
F-1
10
Compressor/Pump Drivers with High
Skin Temp.
G-1
30
5
A
A
7.5
7.5
3
10
7.5
10
15
10
10
10
7.5
7.5
7.5
10
10
5
25
10
A
G-1
Gas Compressors
H-1
30
15
D
7.5
15
25
10
3
7.5
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
5
25
7.5
A
H-1
I-1
30
15
D
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
7.5
1.5
5
15
5
5
5
7.5
5
5
5
5
5
25
7.5
5
I-1
J-1
30
15
D
7.5
15
15
10
7.5
5
1
15
3
3
3
7.5
5
5
3
3
1.5
25
7.5
A
J-1
K-1
7.5
5
3
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials
At Temperatures Above 315 oC
Pumps Handling Flammable Materials
o
At Temperaturs Below 315 C
15
Cooling Towers
K-1
30
15
15
15
A
30
15
15
15
15
A
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
5
25
15
A
3
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
L-1
30
15
15
A
7.5
15
10
7.5
5
3
15
A
B
3
5
5
5
B
B
B
25
7.5
A
L-1
1.5
Drums
M-1
30
15
15
7.5
7.5
15
10
7.5
5
3
15
B
1.5
1.5
7.5
5
5
1.5
B
1.5
25
7.5
A
M-1
N-1
30
15
15
7.5
15
15
10
7.5
5
3
15
3
1.5
3
7.5
5
5
1.5
B
3
25
7.5
A
N-1
O-1
30
15
15
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
15
5
7.5
7.5
1.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
5
5
25
7.5
5
O-1
P-1
30
15
15
7.5
15
5
7.5
7.5
5
5
15
5
5
5
7.5
1.5
5
5
5
5
25
7.5
5
P-1
3
Towers and Columns
7.5
Reactors above 315 C (internally
insulated)
Reactors above 315 oC (externally
insulated)
o
5
o
5
Exchangers Operating above 315 C
Q-1
30
15
15
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
7.5
5
5
15
5
5
5
7.5
5
1
5
5
5
25
7.5
5
Q-1
1.5
Exchangers Operating below 315 oC
R-1
30
15
15
7.5
7.5
15
10
7.5
5
3
15
B
1.5
1.5
7.5
5
5
1
B
1.5
25
7.5
A
R-1
B
Main Equipment Structures
S-1
30
15
15
7.5
7.5
15
10
7.5
5
3
15
B
B
B
5
5
5
B
A
5
25
7.5
A
S-1
5
Onsite Pipeways
T-1
30
5
5
7.5
A
7.5
5
5
5
1.5
5
B
1.5
3
5
5
5
1.5
5
A
5
5
A
T-1
25
Onsite Pressure Storage Vessels
U-1
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
5
C
25
A
U-1
7.5
Blowdown and Water Disengaging
Drums
V-1
30
15
15
7.5
7.5
25
10
7.5
7.5
7.5
15
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
5
25
A
A
V-1
A
Equipment Handling Non-Flammables
W-1
A
A
A
A
A
5
A
A
5
A
A
A
A
A
5
5
5
A
A
A
A
A
A
W-1
Reference
Letter
A-1
B-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
F-1
G-1
H-1
I-1
J-1
K-1
L-1
M-1
N-1
O-1
P-1
Q-1
R-1
S-1
T-1
U-1
V-1
W-1
Reference
Letter
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 40 of 42
Document Responsibility: Loss Prevention Standards Committee
SAES-B-055
Issue Date: 16 August 2022
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Plant Layout
Figure 2 - Offsite Spacing Chart
KEY:
Blending and Booster Pumps
Major Offsite Pipeways
Chemical Storage
Loading Racks for LPG
Pressure Storage Vessels
Atmospheric Storage of LowFlash Stocks
Refrigerated Storage
Atmospheric Storage of HighFlash Stocks
Boiler Houses, Power
Generating Facilities
Major Electrical Distribution
Centers
Main Overhead Power Lines
Buildings, Shops, Labs,
Firehouses
Main Fire Pumps
Property Lines
Fire Training Grounds
Oil-Water Separators and
Skimming Ponds
Elevated Flare Stacks
Burn Pits and Ground Flares
Oil / Gas Wells
Main Office Buildings
Wind Turbine Generators
Residential Areas
FACILITY
Process Areas
Basic
Spacing
Major Shipping Pump Areas
U: Sum of tower height and rotor radius.
V: As required by SAES-B-062.
W: As required by SAES-B-064.
X: Provide separation based on access for
operation and maintenance
Y: As required, see Appendix.
Z: As required by SAES-B-005.
Note: This chart gives basic minimum
spacings and must be used only in
conjunction with the Offsite Spacing
Guide for Figure 2. BASIC SPACING
(far left-hand column) is the distance to
be maintained if not indicated in the
chart.
FACILITY
T: Provide separation between buildings
based on access for operation,
maintenance and firefighting and Saudi
Aramco Building Code (SAES-M-100)
requirements for fire separation
distance; whichever is greater.
Reference
Letter
A-2
B-2
C-2
D-2
E-2
F-2
G-2
H-2
I-2
J-2
K-2
L-2
M-2
N-2
O-2
P-2
Q-2
R-2
S-2
T-2
U-2
V-2
W-2
X-2
Reference
Letter
45
Process Areas
A-2
25
45
25
7.5
45
60
60
60
60
30
45
45
60
60
45
60
45
45
60
150
V
500
U
500
A-2
45
Major Shipping Pump Areas
B-2
45
X
X
7.5
45
60
60
60
60
30
45
45
60
60
45
60
45
45
60
150
V
500
U
500
B-2
25
Blending and Booster Pumps
C-2
25
X
X
7.5
25
25
Y
Y
Y
Y
45
45
60
45
45
60
45
25
60
150
V
500
U
500
C-2
7.5
Major Offsite Pipeways
D-2
7.5
7.5
7.5
Y
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
W
15
7.5
7.5
15
7.5
15
15
100
500
U
500
D-2
30
Chemical Storage
E-2
45
45
25
7.5
T
60
60
60
60
30
45
45
60
T
30
60
45
45
60
150
V
500
U
500
E-2
60
Loading Racks for LPG
F-2
60
60
25
7.5
60
Y
60
60
60
30
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
45
60
150
V
500
U
500
F-2
60
Pressure Storage Vessels
G-2
60
60
Y
7.5
60
60
Z
60
60
30
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
150
V
500
U
500
G-2
60
Atmospheric Storage of Low-Flash
Stocks
H-2
60
60
Y
7.5
60
60
60
Z
Z
Z
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
150
V
500
U
500
H-2
60
Refrigerated Storage
I-2
60
60
Y
7.5
60
60
60
Z
Z
Z
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
150
V
500
U
500
I-2
J-2
30
30
Y
7.5
30
30
30
Z
Z
Z
30
30
60
30
30
45
30
30
30
150
V
500
U
500
J-2
K-2
30
45
Atmospheric Storage of High-Flash
Stocks
Boiler Houses, Power Generating
Facilities
K-2
45
45
45
7.5
45
60
60
60
60
30
T
X
60
30
X
45
45
45
60
150
V
Y
U
Y
45
Major Electrical Distribution Centers
L-2
45
45
45
7.5
45
60
60
60
60
30
X
X
60
X
X
X
45
45
60
150
V
60
U
60
L-2
60
Main Overhead Power Lines
M-2
60
60
60
W
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
Y
60
60
Y
60
60
60
150
V
60
U
60
M-2
45
Buildings, Shops, Labs, Firehouses
N-2
60
60
45
15
T
60
60
60
60
30
30
X
60
T
X
X
45
60
60
150
V
T
500
T
N-2
45
Main Fire Pumps
O-2
45
45
45
7.5
30
60
60
60
60
30
X
X
60
X
X
X
15
45
60
150
V
X
U
X
O-2
60
Property Lines
P-2
60
60
60
7.5
60
60
60
60
60
45
45
X
Y
X
X
Y
60
60
60
150
V
Y
U
Y
P-2
45
Fire Training Grounds
Q-2
45
45
45
15
45
60
60
60
60
30
45
45
60
45
15
60
Y
45
60
150
V
500
U
500
Q-2
45
Oil-Water Separators and Skimming
Ponds
R-2
45
45
25
7.5
45
45
60
60
60
30
45
45
60
60
45
60
45
X
60
150
100
500
U
500
R-2
60
Elevated Flare Stacks
S-2
60
60
60
15
60
60
60
60
60
30
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
X
150
V
Y
U
Y
S-2
150
Burn Pits and Ground Flares
T-2
150
150
150
15
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
X
V
Y
U
Y
T-2
V
Oil / Gas Wells
U-2
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
100
V
V
X
V
U
V
U-2
500
Main Office Buildings
V-2
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
Y
60
60
T
X
Y
500
500
Y
Y
V
T
500
T
V-2
U
Wind Turbine Generators
W-2
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
500
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
500
U
500
W-2
500
Residential Areas
X-2
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
Y
60
60
T
X
Y
500
500
Y
Y
V
T
500
T
X-2
Reference
Letter
A-2
B-2
C-2
D-2
E-2
F-2
G-2
H-2
I-2
J-2
K-2
L-2
M-2
N-2
O-2
P-2
Q-2
R-2
S-2
T-2
U-2
V-2
W-2
X-2
Reference
Letter
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Page 41 of 42
Document History
Major revision to address changes as a result of CRM’s, Waivers, Consultations and
propoosed changes to Residential and Main Office Building spacing requirements.
28 October 2021 Editorial revision to reflect the correct organization name.
3 July 2019
Editorial revision, to reflect content confirmation requirement.
20 August 2017 Aligned the requirements for placing satellite instrument buildings and plant main
electrical load centers outside electrically classified areas with the requirements of
SAES-B-068. Transferred roads and accessways requirements from SAES-B-054 to
be more suitably included in this standard. Revised the spacing requirements for
emergency valves in line with SAES-B-058, March 20, 2017 edition. Included the
spacing requirements of wind turbine generators and other editorial changes.
35 March 2012 Revised the “Next Planned Update.” Reaffirmed the content of the document, and
reissued with minor revision.
16 August 2022
Previous Revision: 28 October 2021
Contact: Ghamdi, Hatem S (GHAMHS0A)
© Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2022
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
Next Revision: 20 August 2027
Page 42 of 42