INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH
LAB 101
Lecture 4
Dr. Shaouki Munir
MBBS (DU), MPH (UNSW)
Dr. Shaouki Munir
MBBS (DU), MGMP (UTS), MPH(UNSW)
The Circulatory
System
Blood pressure
measurement
Content
• What blood pressure ?
• What is systolic and diastolic blood pressure ?
• Hypertension and Hypotension
• Ranges of blood pressure
• Factors influences blood pressure?
• Public health importance of blood pressure
measurement .
Blood pressure
or BP is the exerted
by moving column of
blood on the inner
side of the blood
vessel or in other
words the measure of
the force of blood
moving against the
vessel wall.
THE HEART
THE HEART CHAMBERS

The chambers of the heart have different functions:
blood to
the lungs
blood from
the body
The Atria
collect blood
that enters the
heart.
blood to
the body
blood from
the lungs
The ventricles
pump blood
out of the
heart.
Circulatory pump
– takes in deoxygenated
blood through the
veins and delivers it to
the lungs for
oxygenation
– blood is pumped into
the various arteries
(which provide
oxygen and nutrients
to body tissues by
transporting the
blood throughout the
body).
Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure
•
The terms diastole and
systole refer to when the
heart muscles relax and
contract.
• The balance between
diastole and systole
determines a person’s
blood pressure.
• During this cycle,
➢ the period of
relaxation(ventricular) is
called diastole
➢ the period of
contraction(ventricular) is
called systole.
Hypertension &Hypotension
• Hypertension (HTN or
HT), also known
as high blood
pressure (HBP), is
a long-term medical
condition in which
the blood pressure in
the arteries is
persistently elevated.
Hypertension
Hypertension
Factors that can raise your risk of developing high blood pressure include:
a. age – the risk of developing high blood pressure increases as you get older
b. a family history of high blood pressure
c. being of African or Caribbean origin
d. a high amount of salt in your food
e. lack of exercise
f. being overweight
g. regularly drinking large amounts of alcohol
h. smoking
i.
long-term sleep deprivation
j.
Chronic disease :diabetes, kidney disease
k. Medication :contraceptive pill, steroids ,antidepressant drugs
Making healthy lifestyle changes can help keep your blood pressure at a
normal level.
Hypotension
• Hypotension is low blood pressure.
• A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of
mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is
generally considered to be hypotension.
Low blood pressure can be caused by
I. low blood volume: This can result from hemorrhage,
insufficient fluid intake, as in starvation, or excessive
fluid losses from diarrhea or vomiting.
II. heart problems
III. amemia
Public health importance of measuring
blood pressure
• Measuring blood pressure
is a useful screening tool
to categorize a population
based on their health risk,
as blood pressure is a
great indicator of a
person’s hypertensive
status.
Thank you