Buzzer
Mobile Phone
Smart Watch
Actuators
Electronic components that can
convert an electric signal into a
physical action
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Electronic appliances
• Servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear
actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration.
Servo Motor
• Examples :
• Elevators
• Rudders
• Walking a robo
• Three ports
• one is for power
• one is for ground
• one is a control input line.
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Stepper
Motors
 It is a brushless DC electric motor that
divides a full rotation into a number of
equal steps.
 They have multiple coils that are
organized in groups called “phases”. By
energizing each phase in sequence, the
motor will rotate, one step at a time.
 The stepper motor is used for precise
positioning with a motor, such as hard disk
drives, robotics, antennas, telescopes
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DC Motors
 Direct Current (DC) motor is the most
common actuator used in electronics
projects.
 They are simple, cheap, and easy to use.
Also, they come in a great variety of sizes,
to accommodate different tasks.
 DC motors convert electrical into
mechanical energy.
 electric vehicles, elevator and hoists , steel
rolling mills
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Linear
actuator
 A linear actuator is an actuator that
creates motion in a straight line, in
contrast to the circular motion of a
conventional electric motor.
 Linear actuators are used in machine
tools , industrial machinery, in computer
peripherals such as disk drives and
printers, in valves and dampers, and in
many other places where linear motion is
required.
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 Relay is a switch which controls (open and
close) circuits electromechanically.
Relay
 The main operation of this device is to
make or break contact with the help of a
signal without any human involvement in
order to switch it ON or OFF.
 It is mainly used to control a high
powered circuit using a low power signal
 Ex : a timer circuit with a relay could
switch power at a preset time
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A solenoid is simply a specially designed
electromagnet.
Solenoid
 Solenoids are inexpensive, and their use is
primarily limited to on-off applications
such as latching, locking, and triggering.
They are frequently used in home
appliances (e.g. washing machine valves),
medical clamping equipment, an
automotive gear box, etc
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• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit.(SoC – System on a Chip)
Microcontroller
• A microcontroller contains CPU along with memory
and programmable input/output peripherals.
• Microcontrollers
are
designed
for
embedded
applications.
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Arduino
Arduino
• Arduino is an open-source platform used
for building digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and control objects
in the physical and digital world.
• Arduino consists of
• a physical programmable circuit board
(microcontroller)
• a piece of software/IDE(Integrated
Development Environment) that runs on
your computer, used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board.
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Arduino
• The Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector
connects the board to your computer for
three reasons:
• to supply power to the board,
• to upload your instructions to the
Arduino,
• and to send data to and receive it from a
computer.
• The power connector can power the
Arduino with a standard mains power
adapter.(9v)
Usb and Power connectors
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ATMEGA
Chip
•
It is called the heart of the board.
•
It is a tiny computer that contains a processor to
execute instructions, includes various types of
memory to hold data and instructions from our
sketches, and provides various avenues of sending
and receiving data.
•
Most Arduino boards consist of an Atmel 8-bit
microcontroller(ATmega168, ATmega328 etc )with
varying amounts of flash memory, pins, and
features.
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•
The 32-bit Arduino Due, based on the Atmel
SAM3X8E was introduced in 2012.
The power
and analog
sockets
• The
first
row
offers
power
connections,GND and the ability to
use an external RESET button.
• The second row offers six analog
inputs that are used to measure
electrical signals that vary in voltage
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• Sockets (or pins) numbered 0 to 13 are
digital input/output (I/O)pins.
• They can either detect whether or not an
electrical signal is present or generate a
signal on command.
• Pins 0 and 1 are also known as the serial
port, which is used to send and receive
data to other devices, such as a computer
via the USB connector circuitry.
Digital Pins
• The pins labeled with a tilde (~) can also
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generate a varying electrical signal.
• The Arduino board has four LEDs: one on the far right
labeled ON, which indicates when the board has power
• The LEDs TX and RX light up when data is being
transmitted/received
between
the
Arduino
and
attached devices via the serial port and USB.
• The L LED is for own use (connected to the digital pin
13).
• The little black square part is a tiny microcontroller
On-Board
LEDs
that controls the USB interface that allows your
Arduino to send data to and receive it from a computer,
but you don’t generally have toconcern yourself with it.
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This simple RESET button on the
board is used to restart the system to
resolve these problems.
RESET Button
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