L:2 T:0 P:2 Credits:3
CIV337:HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
Course Outcomes:
CO1 :: Explain the types of flow, properties and losses in fluid
CO2 :: Analyze the flow profiles in an Open channel and Pipe flow
CO3 :: Outline the significance of dimensionless numbers on different types of flow
CO4 :: Analyze the efficiencies and power generation in Turbines
CO5 :: Recommend the appropriate hydraulic pump to increase hydraulic head and discharge
CO6 :: Formulate an efficient plan of flow of water for hydro power generation
Unit I
Viscous Flow : Introduction, Flow of Viscous Fluid through Circular Pipe, Flow of Viscous fluid
between two parallel plates, Kinetic Energy Correction and Momentum Correction Factors, Loss of
head due to friction in viscous flow, Methods of determination of co-efficient of viscosity : capillary
tube method, Falling sphere resistance method, Orifice type viscometer
Turbulent Flow : Introduction, Reynold's experiment, Frictional loss in pipe flow, Shear stress in
turbulent flow, Reynold's expression for turbulent shear stress, Prandtl mixing length theory for
turbulent shear stress, Velocity distribution in turbulent flow in pipes, Resistance in smooth and
rough pipes
Unit II
Flow through Pipes : Loss of head through pipes, minor losses, total energy equation, hydraulic
gradient line, Pipes in series, equivalent pipes, pipes in parallel, flow through laterals, siphon, power
transmission through pipes, nozzles, Water hammer, Introduction
Unit III
Boundary Layer Theory : Introduction, Laminar Boundary Layer, Turbulent Boundary Layer, Laminar
Sublayer, Boundary Layer Thickness, Displacement Thickness, Momentum Thickness, Energy
Thickness, Local and Average Coefficient of Drag, Boundary Conditions for the velocity profiles,
Separation of Boundary Layer and its Control
Unit IV
Uniform Flow : Continuity Equation, Energy Equation and Momentum Equation, Characteristics of
uniform flow, Chezy's formula, Manning's formula, Factors affecting Manning's Roughness Coefficient
'n', Most economical section of channel, Computation of Uniform flow, Normal depth, Introduction
Flow through open channels : Introduction, Comparison between open channel flow and pipe flow,
Classification of Open Channels, Discharge through an open channel by Chezy's formula, Empirical
formulae for the value of chezy's constant, Most economical channel section
Unit V
Non-Uniform Flow : Specific energy, Specific energy curve, critical flow, Critical depth, Critical
velocity, Minimum specific energy in terms of critical depth, Sub critical flow, Super critical flow,
Alternate depths, Conditions for maximum discharge for a given value of specific energy
Hydraulic Jump : Introduction, Expression for depth of hydraulic jump, Expression for loss of energy
due to hydraulic jump, Expression for depth of hydraulic jump in terms of upstream Froude number,
Length of hydraulic jump, Surges and its types
Gradually Varied Flow : Introduction, Dynamic Equation of Gradually Varied Flow
Unit VI
Turbines : Hydraulic turbines definition and classification, Definition of heads and efficiencies of a
turbine, Specific Speed of turbine, Unit quantities, Pelton Wheel Turbine, Velocity Triangles and work
done for Pelton Wheel, Points to be remembered for Pelton Wheel, Design of Pelton Wheel
Pumps : Pumps definition and classification, Double acting reciprocating pump, Working Principle of
Centrifugal Pump, Work done by the centrifugal pump on water, Definitions of Heads and Efficiencies
of a centrifugal pump
Text Books:
1. FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES by DR. R.K. BANSAL, LAKSHMI PUBLICATIONS
References:
1. FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL by K. SUBRAMANYA, MCGRAW HILL EDUCATION
2. HYDRAULICS AND FLUID MECHANICS INCLUDING HYDRAULICS MACHINES by DR. P.N. MODI &
DR. S.M. SETH, STANDARD PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS
3. A TEXTBOOK OF FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES by DR. R. K. BANSAL, LAXMI
PUBLICATIONS