Questions
Q1.
A rock falls off the top of a cliff of height h.
Figure 3 shows the rock falling.
The Earth exerts a force of 150 N on the rock.
Figure 3
The work done by this force when the rock falls from the top to the bottom of the cliff is 2700 J.
(i) Calculate the height, h, of the cliff.
(2)
h = ........................................................... m
(ii) State the value of the kinetic energy of the rock just before it hits the ground.
(1)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
(iii) The mass of the rock in Figure 3 is 15 kg.
Calculate the velocity of the rock just before it reaches the bottom of the cliff.
(2)
velocity = ........................................................... m/s
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q2.
* A student has the equipment shown in Figure 22.
Devise an experiment to investigate how the efficiency of the pulley system varies with the
weight of metal being lifted.
Your answer should include how you will use your measurements.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q3.
Figure 14 shows a demolition ball of mass 400 kg.
The ball is used to demolish a wall.
Figure 14
* After knocking down the wall, the ball will swing freely.
The graph in Figure 15 shows how the height of the ball above ground varies with time during
three swings.
Figure 15
Explain how the energy within the system changes during this time.
The system consists of the swinging ball and its surroundings.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q4.
Figure 12 shows three toy animals hanging from a rod.
The rod hangs from the ceiling by a string tied to the centre of the rod.
The system is in equilibrium.
Figure 12
Use the principle of moments to calculate the mass of the toy elephant.
(4)
mass = ........................................................... g
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q5.
Figure 7 shows a drone.
The drone has four spinning blades.
The upward force produced enables the drone to rise in the air.
The speed at which the blades spin is measured in turns per minute.
Figure 8 shows how the upward force produced by the four blades depends on the speed at
which the blades spin.
Describe the relationship between upward force and speed shown by this graph.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q6.
*Figure 24 shows a wooden block connected to a weight by a string.
The string goes over a pulley.
The surfaces of the table and the wooden block are both rough.
The wooden block moves across the table at a constant horizontal velocity.
Several vertical and horizontal forces act on the wooden block as it moves.
Explain how the forces keep the wooden block moving across the table at a constant horizontal
velocity.
Your answer should refer to all forces acting on the wooden block.
You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q7.
Figure 7 shows a person trying to lift a large rock using a metal bar.
The rock weighs 1800 N.
The person can only produce a downwards force of 600 N.
The person cannot lift the rock.
(i) Explain, using calculations, why the person cannot lift the rock.
(3)
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(ii) Explain one change to the arrangement that will make it possible for this person to lift the
rock.
(2)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q8.
A student investigates the relationship between the magnetic flux density and the
electromagnetic force on a current-carrying wire.
The student has the equipment shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19
The student varies the number of magnets and measures the force on the wire using the force
meter.
The results are shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20
The student decides that his equipment is not sufficiently sensitive.
Give three ways the student should develop his investigation to improve the quality of his
results.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q9.
* Explain, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the method a student could use to investigate how
the resistance of a single lamp changes with the potential difference across the lamp.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q10.
A student investigates resistors connected in parallel using a number of resistors.
Each resistor has the same resistance.
Figure 19 shows a circuit diagram with one resistor, R.
(i) Add to Figure 19:
a voltmeter to find the potential difference across resistor R
another resistor in parallel with resistor R.
(2)
(ii) State the measurements that the student must take to find the overall resistance of the
resistors in parallel.
(2)
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(iii) The student investigates how the overall resistance of the circuit changes when additional
resistors are added
Tin parallel to R.
Each resistor has the same resistance.
Figure 20 shows the results of the student's investigation.
State the resistance of a single resistor.
(1)
resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(iv) Comment on the relationship between the overall resistance of the circuit and the number
of resistors in
parallel.
Use information from Figure 20 to support your answer.
(3)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q11.
Some students investigate resistors in parallel.
The students set up a circuit containing four identical resistors.
The circuit used is shown in Figure 5.
The students measure the current from the power supply and the voltage (p.d.) across the
resistors.
(i) On Figure 5, draw a voltmeter connected to measure the voltage (p.d.) across the resistors.
(1)
The students remove one resistor and measure the current and voltage again with only 3
resistors in the circuit.
They repeat the measurements of current and voltage with only 2 resistors in the circuit and
then with only 1 resistor in the circuit.
Figure 6 is a table of their results.
(ii) Using data from the table in Figure 6, predict the current from the power supply when there
are 4 resistors in the circuit.
(1)
current = ........................................................... mA
(iii) Using data from the table in Figure 6, calculate the resistance of only 1 resistor.
(3)
resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(iv) Using data from the table in Figure 6, explain what happens to the total resistance of the
circuit as the number of resistors in parallel decreases.
(3)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q12.
. If you change
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box
and then mark your new
.
answer with a cross
A technician investigates different electrical devices that are used in a car.
The technician connects a device to the 12 V car battery.
The technician measures the current in the circuit and the potential difference (voltage) across
the device.
Figure 17 shows the car battery and the device that is being tested.
The technician connects four devices to the car battery.
Each device is connected to its own switch and its own fuse.
Figure 18 shows how the four devices, fuses and switches are connected.
The current in each device is shown next to the device.
(i) Calculate the current in the wires to the battery when all the devices are switched on.
(1)
current = ........................................................... A
(ii) State how the overall resistance of the circuit changes when any one of the devices is
switched off.
(1)
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(iii) There is a current of 2.3 A in the radio when the radio is working correctly.
Which of these should the technician choose to protect the radio circuit?
(1)
A
2 A fuse
B
5 A fuse
C
10 A fuse
D
13 A fuse
(iv) Explain why the wires to the battery in a car are thicker than the wires that connect each
device to its switch and its fuse.
(2)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q13.
A student investigates how the current in a lamp changes with the potential
difference across the lamp.
The student uses the results to calculate the resistance of the lamp.
The results are shown in the table in Figure 5.
(i) One value of resistance is missing from the table in Figure 5.
Calculate the value of resistance that is missing from the table.
(3)
missing resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(ii) The student writes this conclusion:
Comment on the student's conclusion.
Use information from Figure 5 in your answer.
(3)
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(iii) The student used a power supply that had fixed output voltage settings.
Each of these outputs was a whole number of volts.
Describe how the student could add a component to the circuit that would
provide a continuously variable voltage across the lamp.
(2)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q14.
Draw a circuit diagram you could use to investigate the relationship between potential
difference, current and resistance for a filament lamp.
(3)
(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q15.
(a) A technician investigates a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in series with a 120 Ω
resistor and a voltage source.
The technician measures the voltage across the LDR and also the current in the LDR.
(i) Which one of these circuits should the technician use?
Put a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
(ii) When the LDR is in bright sunlight, its resistance is 185 Ω.
The voltage across the LDR is then 7.2V.
Show that the current in the LDR is about 0.039 A.
(2)
(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The current in the 120 Ω resistor is
(1)
A
much more than the current in the LDR
B
much less than the current in the LDR
C
the same as the current in the LDR
D
the opposite of the current in the LDR
(iv) The technician repeats the readings with the LDR in different light conditions.
The table gives two of the readings.
Explain why the two current readings are different.
(2)
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*(b) The photograph shows a temporary traffic sign.
The traffic sign uses many small lights all powered by a rechargeable battery.
These lights need to be very bright during the day so that they can be seen clearly.
They do not need to be as bright at night.
Explain how using a light-dependent resistor can make the energy stored in the battery last
longer.
(6)
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Q16.
Figure 4 shows the results from an experiment where the potential difference (voltage) across a
filament lamp was varied.
The current and voltage were measured.
(i) Describe the relationship between the current and the voltage as shown in the graph in
Figure 4.
(2)
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(ii) Use the values of the voltage and current at point P and at point Q on the graph in Figure 4
to complete the table in Figure 5.
(2)
(iii) Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp when the voltage is 4.5 V and the current is 51
mA.
Use the equation
(2)
resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(iv) Explain why the resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage across it increases.
(3)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q17.
The diagram shows a simple generator connected to a lamp.
The magnet is made to spin at a steady speed.
The ammeter gives a reading of 1.5 A.
The voltmeter gives a reading of 6 V.
(i) Calculate the output power of the generator.
(2)
output power = ......................W
(ii) State two changes to the design of the generator that would give a larger output power for
the same speed of rotation.
(2)
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(iii) This generator supplies an alternating current (AC) to the lamp.
Other types of generators supply a direct current (DC).
Describe the difference between charge movement in a direct current and in an alternating
current.
(2)
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Q18.
A man monitors how much money he spends on electricity.
He uses a device which calculates the cost of electrical energy used.
He connects his 2.9 kW electric kettle to the 230 V mains supply.
(i) Calculate the current in the kettle element.
(3)
current = ........................................................... A
(ii) The device shows that in one week the total cost of the electrical energy used by the kettle
is 97 p.
1kW h of electrical energy costs 17 p.
Calculate the length of time for which the kettle has been switched on during the week.
(3)
time = ........................................................... hours
Q19.
* Figure 20 shows the three-pin plug used to connect the kettle to the mains.
A fault occurs in the kettle causing the live wire to touch the metal case of the kettle.
Explain how the safety features of the plug operate when this fault occurs.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q20.
A power transmission wire hangs so that it is at right angles to the Earth's magnetic field.
Although this magnetic field is constant, the cable experiences a changing force.
Explain why the force experienced by the cable changes.
(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q21.
Figure 10 shows a current-carrying wire between the poles of a magnet.
(i) The magnet and the wire each experience a force when there is a current in the wire.
(2)
1 State the direction of the force on the wire.
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2 State the direction of the force on the magnet.
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(ii) The force on the wire is 0.15 N.
The current in the wire is 2.7 A.
The magnet produces a field with a magnetic flux density of 0.50 T.
Calculate the length of the wire in the magnetic field.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations given at the end of the question paper.
(2)
length of the wire in the magnetic field = ........................................................... m
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q22.
(i) Figure 17 shows the output from a battery.
Figure 17
Explain why a transformer will not work with the input current as shown in Figure 17.
(2)
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(ii) A transformer has 30 turns on the primary coil and 150 turns on the secondary coil.
A potential difference of 25 V is applied across the primary coil.
Calculate the potential difference across the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)
potential difference = ........................................................... V
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q23.
This question is about a transformer.
Calculate the current in the primary coil.
Use the information given in Figure 21 and equations selected from the list of equations at the
end of this paper.
The transformer is 100% efficient.
(3)
current in the primary coil = ........................................................... A
(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q24.
Figure 13
Figure 13 represents a transformer.
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)
number of turns ...........................................................
(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q25.
The primary coil of a different transformer is connected to the 230 V mains supply.
The voltage across the secondary coil is 15 V.
The primary coil has 600 turns.
Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.
(2)
number of turns = ...........................................................
(Total for question = 2 marks)
Q26.
* Figure 26 shows a picture of an electrical device and a simplified drawing of the important
parts.
The device can be used as a loudspeaker or it can be used as a microphone.
Compare how the device operates when used as a loudspeaker with how the device operates
when used as a microphone.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q27.
There is a changing magnetic field in the core of a transformer.
(i) Describe the cause of the changing magnetic field in the core of the transformer.
(2)
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(ii) A potential difference of 230 V is applied across the primary coil of a transformer.
There is a potential difference of 15 V across the secondary coil.
The primary coil has 2000 turns.
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q28.
* The diagram shows a model used to generate electricity from water waves in a tank.
A ball floats on the surface of the water in the tank.
A coil of wire is fixed to the floor of the tank.
A magnet is suspended from the ball inside the coil.
When a wave is sent along the surface of the water the ball moves up and down.
The graph shows the current induced in the coil.
Explain how this current is induced in the coil in the model.
You should refer to the model and to the labelled points on the graph in your answer.
(6)
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Q29.
Figure 17 is a diagram representing a loudspeaker.
Explain how sound is produced when an alternating current is supplied to the coil of the
loudspeaker.
(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q30.
Figure 20 shows a magnet and a coil.
The coil is connected to a sensitive centre-zero ammeter.
Explain what will be observed on the meter when the magnet is pushed in and pulled out of the
coil, repeatedly.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
Q31.
A student uses the apparatus in Figure 3 to determine the specific heat capacity of water.
Figure 3
(i) State the measurements needed to calculate the specific heat capacity of water.
(4)
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(ii) State two ways that the apparatus could be adapted to improve the procedure.
(2)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q32.
A student wants to determine the specific heat capacity of copper.
Figure 5 shows a piece of copper, with a thread tied around it, in a glass beaker of boiling water.
The student leaves the piece of copper in the boiling water so that the copper reaches a
temperature of 100 °C.
The student uses the thread to take the piece of copper out of the boiling water.
The student puts the hot piece of copper into a different beaker of cold water at 20 °C.
The apparatus is shown in Figure 6.
The student assumes that the thermal energy gained by the water equals the thermal energy
lost by the piece of copper.
The water and copper both reach a temperature of 22 °C.
The cold water gains 1050 J of energy.
The mass of the piece of copper is 0.058 kg.
(i) Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of copper, using these results.
Use the equation
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature
ΔQ = m × c × Δθ
(2)
specific heat capacity of copper from these results = ........................................................... J/kg
°C
(ii) The value for the specific heat capacity of copper obtained from the student's results is lower
than the correct
value.
State two ways that the experiment could be improved to give a value that is closer to the
correct value.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q33.
A steel ball has a volume of 3.6 cm3 and a mass of 28 g.
(i) Calculate the density of steel in kg/m3.
(3)
density = ........................................................... kg/m3
(ii) The steel ball is at a room temperature of 20 °C.
It is then put in a pan of boiling water maintained at 100 °C.
Calculate how much thermal energy the ball gains as its temperature increases from 20 °C to
100 °C.
Specific heat capacity of steel = 510 J/ kg °C
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)
thermal energy gained = ........................................................... J
(iii) The steel ball is put into a furnace where it melts.
Compare the motion of particles in the steel when they are in the solid state with their motion
when in the molten (liquid) state.
(3)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q34.
A beaker contains 0.25 kg of water at room temperature.
The beaker of water is heated until the water reaches boiling point (100 °C).
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C.
The total amount of thermal energy supplied to the water is 84 000 J.
(i) Calculate the temperature of the water before it was heated.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)
temperature before heating = ........................................................... °C
(ii) The heating continues until 0.15 kg of the water has turned into steam.
The thermal energy needed to turn the boiling water into steam is 0.34 MJ.
Calculate the specific latent heat of vapourisation of water.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)
specific latent heat = ........................................................... MJ/kg
(iii) The graph in Figure 13 shows how the volume of 1 kg of water changes with temperature.
Describe how the density of water changes with temperature over the range
of temperature shown in Figure 13.
Calculations are not required.
(2)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q35.
An electric kettle contains 1.41 kg of water at 25 °C.
The kettle is switched on.
After a while, the water reaches boiling point at 100 °C.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / kg °C.
(i) Calculate the amount of thermal energy supplied to the water by the kettle.
Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.
(3)
energy supplied = ........................................................... J
(ii) The kettle is kept switched on and the water continues to boil.
After a while, the mass of the water in the kettle has decreased to 1.21 kg.
The thermal energy supplied to the water during this time was 450 000 J.
Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.
(3)
specific latent heat of vaporisation = ........................................................... J / kg
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q36.
* This question is about determining the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
An aluminium block is placed in boiling water as shown in Figure 21.
The piece of string is tied to the aluminium block so the block can be transferred from the boiling
water to the cold water.
Describe how a student could use this apparatus, and any additional items needed, to determine
the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
Your answer should include how the student would
obtain the necessary measurements
use the measurements to calculate the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q37.
This question is about pressure.
Figure 5 shows windows in an aeroplane.
The aeroplane is high above the Earth's surface.
The atmospheric pressure outside the aeroplane is 23 000 Pa.
The air pressure inside the aeroplane is 80 000 Pa.
(i) Calculate the pressure difference between inside and outside of the aeroplane.
(1)
pressure difference = ........................................................... Pa
(ii) The surface area of the window is 0.094 m2.
Calculate the size of the force on the window due to the cabin air pressure of 80 000 Pa.
Use the equation
(2)
force = ........................................................... N
(iii) On the same aeroplane, a different window has a smaller surface area.
Explain how the force due to the air pressure inside the cabin on the small window differs from
the force on the larger window.
(2)
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(iv) Figure 6 shows a cross-section through the aeroplane including one window.
Draw an arrow on Figure 6 to show the direction of the resultant force due to the air pressure
inside the cabin on the window at point X.
(2)
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q38.
Figure 17 shows a crane lifting a concrete block from the bottom of a deep pool of water.
The top of the block is a distance, h, below the surface of the water.
The force on the top of the block due to the water above it is 41 000 N.
The pressure due to the water on the top surface of the block is 66 000 Pa.
(i) Calculate the area of the top surface of the block.
(2)
area of the top surface of the block = ........................................................... m2
(ii) The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
Calculate the distance, h, between the top of the block and the surface of the water.
Gravitational field strength, g, is 10 N/kg.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)
h = ........................................................... m
(iii) Explain why there is an upthrust produced by the water on the block.
(2)
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* (iv) The crane raises the block until it is high enough out of the water to be loaded
on to a lorry.
The block moves upwards at a constant speed even though the lifting force in
the cable changes.
Figure 18 shows the graph of how the lifting force changes while the block is
being raised.
Explain why the lifting force changes as shown on the graph in Figure 18.
Include calculation(s) in your answer.
(6)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q39.
Figure 8 shows some water in a tank.
(i) The bottom of the tank has an area of 0.80 m2.
The force on the bottom of the tank, due to the water, is 2400 N.
Calculate the pressure, due to the water, on the bottom of the tank.
(3)
pressure = ........................................................... Pa
(ii) More water is added to the tank.
Explain how the pressure on the bottom of the tank changes when more water is added to the
tank.
(2)
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(iii) Figure 9 shows an object on the bottom of the tank of water.
Draw an arrow on Figure 9 to show the direction of the force exerted by the water on the
surface of the object at point X.
(1)
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q40.
A donkey has a weight of 2500 N.
The area of each hoof is 0.022 m2.
(i) Calculate the average pressure that the donkey exerts on the ground.
Use the equation
(2)
average pressure = ........................................................... Pa
(ii) Figure 7 shows how the shape of a camel's hoof is different from the shape of a donkey's
hoof.
The camel and the donkey have the same mass.
Explain how a camel's hoof is a more suitable shape than a donkey's hoof for walking on soft
ground.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q41.
* Figure 26 shows the submarine stationary and submerged at a depth of 10 m.
Figure 26
Explain how pumping water into and out of the buoyancy tank affects the depth of the
submarine below the surface.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Q15.
Q16.
Q17.
(i)
(ii)
Answer
Substitution (1)
1.5 × 6
Evaluation (1)
9 (W)
Acceptable answers
Power of 10 error max 1 mark
Mark
(2)
Give full marks for correct answer
with no working shown
Ignore any unit given by
candidate.
More turns on the coil (1) Wrap coils on iron (core/former)/ (2)
more coils/twists/loops. Bigger
More powerful/stronger
coil is insufficient.
magnet(s) (1)
More magnets. Bigger/larger
magnet is insufficient.
Ignore increase speed of rotation
(iii)
A description including
in one direction only for
DC (1)
'DC goes straight' is insufficient
AC switches/changes direction OR
reversing direction for AC moves to and fro
(1)
'AC goes different ways' is
insufficient.
Diagram with labelled arrows
could get 2 marks.
(2)
Q18.
Q19.
Q20.
Q21.
Q22.
Q23.
Q24.
Q25.
Q26.
Q27.
Q28.
Q29.
Q30.
Q31.
Q32.
Q33.
Q34.
Q35.
Q36.
Summary for guidance
Q37.
Q38.
Q39.
Q40.
Q41.
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