Part of Speech (1)
By
Christin Agustini
Words and Phrases
• Part of speech is words and phrases that form
a sentence. Each part serves different
functions.
• There are two categories for this: Major and
Minor
• Major: noun, verb, adjectives, adverbs
• Minor: preposition, conjunction, interjection,
determiners
Major categories
Noun
• A noun is a person, a place, a thing, an idea, an
emotion, an action.
• Two major categories: concrete and abstract
Concrete, example: a car, a book, a sun
abstract, example: happiness, development
• Concrete can be divided into two: countable and
uncountable
Countable: a pen, a bag, an apple
Uncountable: sugar, beans, air, water
Pronouns
• Pronouns are nouns that replace the nouns in a
sentence.
For example: a bag => it; John => he
Type of Pronouns
• Personal pronouns: he, she, her
• Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
• Interrogative pronouns: what, when
• Relative pronouns: which, whom, whose, who, that
• Reflexive pronouns: _self, _selves
• Indefinite pronouns: some_, any_, every_, no_
Personal pronouns+reflective
subject
object
Possesive w
noun
Possessive w/o reflective
noun
I
me
My bag
mine
myself
You
you
Your bag
yours
yourself
They
them
Their bag
theirs
themselves
we
Us
Our bag
ours
ourselves
He
him
His bag
his
himself
She
her
Her bag
hers
herself
it
it
Its bag
its
itself
Verbs
There are three kinds of verbs: action verbs,
linking verbs, modals
• Action verbs: jump, eat, love, sleep, etc.
• Linking verbs: are, am, is, etc.
• Modals: may, will, etc
Auxiliary verbs
• Auxiliary verbs are verbs that link between a
subject and it’s verb
• an english clause always has an auxiliary verb,
but in a positive sentence, it can be ommited
+ I do love her => I love her
I did love her => I loved her
He does love her => he loves her
• V0 (BASIC FORM) + DO = V1
They (do) run = they run
• V0 (BASIC FORM) + DOES = V1-S/ES
She (does) run = she runs
She (does) go to school = She goes to school
• V0 (BASIC FORM0 + DID = V2 (PAST TENSE)
You (did) go to school = you went to school
V0 (basic form auxiliary)
Present
Past
do
Do; does
did
be
Are;am;is
Was;were
have
have; has
had
modals
will
would
shall
should
can
could
May
might
must
-
Adjectives
• Adjectives are used to describe a noun
• Example: she is pretty
the book is quite interesting
adverbs
• Like an adjective, an adverb is used to
describe a word. It can be a verb or an
adjectives
Describing a verb:
He runs quickly => describing the way the
person run
Describing an adjective:
She is extremly beautiful => describing
‘beautiful’