9 1 2025
Chem 150
The world of chemistry
Exam key knowledge
Describe the
across
importance
diverse
fields
of chemistry
of knowledge
Define
molecules
atoms
ions
and
elements
compounds
11
Chemistry
Is essential for
around
world
the
understanding
us
as
and within
is formed from the
everything
base building blocks
same
of chemicals and
understanding
how
react is a central concept
they
that crosses and
overlaps the
An
studies
of all
disciplines
as a science Chemistry is the science
concerned
with the study of
in
how
atomic
matter
particular
to form
interact
compounds
structures
new
chemical
12
Introduction
matter
to
All matter is made up of chemical
These chemical species can
species
out of collections of
be formed
atom
or
can
one type of
they
two
be substances
containing
atoms
more
different
or
chemical
species
Elements
atoms
Hydrogen
molecules
H2
Hydrogen
compounds
molecules
420
ions
1730
Elements
1.2 1
a type of chemical species composed
one
of
type of atom
only
a
atoms
atoms consist of a central
Single
nucleus in which positively charged
neutral charged
protons and
to
found
neutrons
are
a
positive charge
The
central
rings with
bycharged
of
around
leading
the
nucleus
to
nucleus
one
electrons
in an
or
is
more
surrounded
negatively
that revolve
orbit
elliptical
The charge of the
is
atom
remain
as it seeks to
balanced
constant
stable by ensuring a
This is achieved
neutral
charge
that at all
the
times
ensuring
the
match
electron
numbers
number
of protons
finely
by
b
Molecules
molecule
Collections of the same
drawn together to create a
definite
structure
through
together
due to
bond
the
electrons
in
the
that
is
held
a
chemical
of
sharing
outer
atoms
shell
as with
atomic
neutrally
two
charged
Compounds
1 2.2
are
the
atom
the
single
are
molecules
always
when
form
that
more
atoms
different
together to create
substances
or
combine
something
new
can
exist in
Compounds
of three states
in
relation
charge
one
to
a
molecules
maintain
combined
neutral charge when
bonds
stable
forming
strong
the
bond is very
in which
hard to break
a
b ions compounds that can
be positively or
negatively
the bonds loose
charged
making
unstable
and the ions
leading
to new
compounds
forming
when
rapidly
other
or
ions
combined
molecules
with
formula will always
have the charge of the ion
in
shown
the top right of the
equation or formula
i
ionic
i
ionic
while
naming
both positive and
negatively
are
both
ampounds
charged
ions
science has made identifying
which is which
easier
by adding
prefix
a
Ions
as
with a
cations
While
are
ions
called
1.2.3 Cations
ve charge
with a
anions
and
Table
the
are
we
known
charge
periodic
Cations
re
have a
always have
charge
more
When
electrodes
they
meaning
than
electrons
protons
are
will
bybe themdrawncations
to the
end
placed
always
cathode
to the
relation
periodic
we'll always
table
cations
metals
formed
be
by the
In
1 alkali
This means
that
Group
2
earth
alkaline
metals
Group
and Groups 3 12 transition
metals
all
metals
The
reason
only
to
more
orability
form
cations
for
this is
conduct
specifically
their
electricity
loose
the
of elections
nature
their
in
which
outer shells
they give
elements
to
other
away
readily
1.2.4
All non
table
gain
The
and
the
periodic
on
metals
will
form
the
periodic
exception
to
this
anions
table
elections
one
18 The
Group
These
elements
gain
the
stable
The
anions
lose
element
nor
nobel
gases
or
is
neither
will
elections
making
extremely
Gases
Group 18
of 7 highly stable
Consisting
and safe
gases They are tasteless
Nobel
odorless
and
colourless
inert
that
have a boiling point
gases
that of cryogenic
that matches
freezing
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