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Medical Reference: Cardiology, Respiratory, Neurology & More
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01.02 • Ischaemic heart disease • Atrial fibrillation • Adult life support 01.09 • Cardiac tamponade • Antihypertensives (continued) • Other drugs (adenosine, amiodarone, anti-platelets) • DVLA rules on cardiovascular disorders 01.03 • Ventricular fibrillation • Ventricular tachycardia • Bradycardia: peri-arrest • Tachycardia: peri-arrest • Pacemakers • Cardiac enzymes 01.10 Vascular surgery • Peripheral arterial disease • Aortic aneurysm • Aortic dissection • Varicose veins • Lower leg ulcers • Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) 01.04 • Electrocardiogram (ECG) • Arrhythmias, including Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome, Wellen's syndrome, junctional escape rhythm 02 RESPIRATORY 02.01 • Asthma • COPD 01.05 • Long QT syndrome • Short QT syndrome • Brugada syndrome • Atrial flutter • Shock (÷ different types) 02.02 • Pneumonia – CAP + HAP - In immunocompromised patients - Lung abscess / empyema • Aspiration pneumonia • Acute bronchitis 01.06 • Valve disorders – mitral stenosis, mitral regurg, aortic stenosis, aortic regurg • Murmurs (DDx) • Rheumatic fever • Prosthetic heart valves • Pulses (different types, eg pulsus paradoxus) • Heart sounds 02.03 • Tuberculosis • Cystic fibrosis • Sarcoidosis • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency 01.07 • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HoCM / HCM) • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) • Dilated cardiomyopathy • Chronic heart failure 02.04 • Lung cancers • Pancoast tumour • Mesothelioma • Bronchiectasis • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 02.05 • Pneumothorax •Pleural effusion • Acute respiratory distress syndrome • Oxygen delivery • Chest drains 02.06 • Obstructive sleep apnoea • Smoking cession • Respiratory failure 03 GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINE & GENERAL SURGERY 04 NEUROLOGY 04.01 Headaches 03.01 • Gallbladder disorders - Acute cholecystitis - Ascending cholangitis - PSC & PBC • Liver cancers – hepatocellular carcinoma & cholangiocarcinoma 04.02 Neurodegenerative disorders • Dementias • Delirium 04.03 Neurodegenerative – movement disorders, incl Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron disease 03.02 • Alcohol-related liver disease • Wilson’s disease • Haemochromatosis 04.04 Infections • Bacterial & viral meningitis • Encephalitis • Brain & spinal epidural abscesses 03.03 • Hepatitis A, B, C, E • Autoimmune hepatitis • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 04.05 Infections • Specific infxns: toxoplasmosis, primary CNS lymphoma, cryptococcosis, PML • Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) • CSF interpretation table 03.04 • Paracetamol overdose • Disorders of the pancreas - Acute & chronic pancreatitis - Pancreatic cancer - Neuroendocrine tumours • Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome 03.05 • IBD – Crohn's & UC • Coeliac disease 03.06 • Appendicitis • Small & large bowel obstructions • Hernias 03.07 • Anal fissures & fistulae, haemorrhoids • Colorectal cancer 03.08 • GORD, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease • Oesophageal conditions • ERCP, TIPS 03.09 – Upper & lower GI bleeding 03.10 • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) • Diverticular disease • Ischaemic bowel disease • Abdominal pain DDx 3a – Primer on anaesthetics • General anaesthesia & airway adjuncts • Regiona/local anaesthesia • Post-op nausea & vomiting 04.06 Epilepsy / seizures • Seizures, incl status epilepticus • Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures • Anticonvulsants / antiepileptics 04.07 • Syncope • Brain tumours • Brain lesions localisation (smx) 04.08 Strokes • TIA & ischaemic stroke - Classifications by arteries, smx • Haemorrhagic stroke 04.09 Brain bleeds • Subarachnoid haemorrhage • Subdural & extradural haemorrhage • Cerebral aneurysm 04.10 Weakness DDx 04.11 Neuroinflammatory disorders • Multiple sclerosis • Guillain Barre syndrome • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating (poly)neuropathy • Myasthenia gravis 04.12 • CT head – indications • Head injury • Intracranial pressure – ↑ & ↓ 04.13 • Spinal disorders - Brown-sequard syndrome - Subacute combined degeneration - Friedrich's ataxia - Anterior spinal artery occlusion - Syringomyelia - Tabes dorsalis • Neurofibromatosis • Tuberous sclerosis 04.14 • Restless legs syndrome • Abnormal involuntary movements • DVLA rules for neurological disorders • Aphasia DDx • Wernicke's encephalopathy • Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome 05 OPHTHALMOLOGY 05.01 Blindness • Retinal detachment • Retinal artery & vein occlusion • Retinal migraine • Giant cell arteritis • Optic neuritis • Papilloedema • Vitreous haemorrhage • DDx – loss of colour vision • DDx – blurred vision 05.02 Red eye • Glaucoma – closed-angle • Anterior uveitis • Episcleritis & scleritis • Keratitis • Common meds in ophthalmology • Conjunctivitis (on 05.03) 05.03 External eye problems • Blepharitis • Blepharospasm • Ectropion & entropion • Pingucela • Hordeolum / stye • Ophthalmic shingles 05.04 Age-related conditions • Glaucoma – open-angle • Age-related macular degeneration • Cataracts • Diabetic neuropathy • Orbital & periorbital celluitis 05.05 • Thyroid eye disease • Strabismus / squints • Pupil problems • Tropical eye diseases v10.2 – last updated May 2025 01.01 • Acute coronary syndrome - STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina - ECG cardiac territories • Hypertension - Antihypertensives 01.08 • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) • Pulmonary embolism (PE) • Infective endocarditis • Pericarditis • Constructive pericarditis © quackquackmed.com 01 CARDIOVASCULAR 06.01 Thyroid • Hypothyroidism • Thyroid cancers • Hyperthyroidism • Goitre 06.02 Adrenals • Cushing's disease • Addison’s disease • Hyperaldosteronism 06.03 • Acromegaly • Prolactinoma • Hyperthyroidism & hypoparathyroidism • Multiple endocrine neoplasia 06.04 Diabetes melitus • T1DM, T2DM • Drugs used in DM • Insulin • DVLA rules for diabetes • Complications of DM & sick day rules 06.05 • Diabetic ketoacidosis • Hyperosmotic hyperglycaemic state • Hypoglycaemia • Diabetes insipidus - Water deprivation test 06.06 • Acid-base balance • Hypercholesterolaemia 06.07 • Hyperkalaemia & hypokalaemia • Hypercalcaemia & hypocalcaemia • Hypomagnesaemia 06.08 • Hyponatraemia (DDx) - SIADH • Hypernatraemia 08 INFECTIOUS DISEASE 08.01 Bacterial infections • Anthrax • Bacillus cereus • Campylobacter • Botulism • Cat scratch disease • Cholera • Clostridiodes difficile • Diphtheria • Escherichia coli • Klebsiella • Enteric fever (typhoid/paratyphoid) • Haemophilus influenza • Legionella 08.02 Bacterial infections • Leptospirosis • Leprosy • Lyme disease • Ps. aeruginosa • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • Q fever • Staphylococci • MRSA • Toxic shock syndrome • Tetanus • Other clostridia 08.03 Bacterial infections & others • Streptococcus - Scarlet fever (+ Centor criteria) - Group B strep • Notifiable disease • Influenza vaccination • Vaccination schedule 08.04 Antibiogram 08.05 Viral infections • Cytomegalovirus • Dengue fever • Infectious mononucleosis • Ebola • Herpes simplex • Measles • Mumps • Norovirus 08.06 Viral infections • Parvovirus B19 • Hand-foot-mouth • Rabies • Yellow fever • Rubella • Human immunodeficiency virus 07 RENAL MEDICINE & UROLOGY 07.01 • Acute kidney injury (AKI) • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - Renal replacement therapy 07.04 • Urinary tract stones • Benign prostatic hyperplasia • Erectile dysfunction 07.02 • Acute tubular necrosis • Acute interstitial nephritis • Diabetic nephropathy • Lupus nephritis • ANCA glomerulonephritis • Myeloma kidney 07.05 • Urological cancers: renal cell carcinoma, bladder Ca, prostate Ca • Misc urology: circumcision, vasectomy, priapism 07.03 Infections of the urinary tract • Infectious cystitis including UTI • Pyelonephritis • Epididymitis • Prostatitis • Balanoposthitis 07.06 Testicular lumps • Inguinal hernia • Hydrocele • Varicocele • Epididymal cyst • Epididymo-orchitis • Testicular torsion • Testicular tumour 08.07 Protozoan infections • Amoebiasis • Cryptosporidiosis • Cutaneous larva migrans • Giardiasis • Leishmaniasis • Malaria • Trypanosomiasis • Schistosomiasis • Other mosquito-borne illnesses 10 HAEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY 08.08 Genitourinary infections / STIs • Bacterial vaginosis • Trichomonas vaginalis • Donovanosis • Genital warts • Chlamydia • Syphilis • Lymphogranuloma venereum • Genital herpes • Chancroid • Gonorrhoea • Ulcers in STIs 10.02 Haematological cancers • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma • Hodgkin's lymphoma • Multiple myeloma 08.09 Miscellaneous • Animal & human bites • Cellulitis • Sepsis • Necrotising fasciitis • Nematode infections • Threadworms • Lemierre's syndrome • Post-splenectomy sepsis • Pyrexia of unknown origin • Spinal epidural abscess • Side effects of antimicrobials 08.10 • Diarrhoea DDx • Gastroenteritis – causes - Bloody infectious diarrhoeas • Other infections in this book (list) 09 DERMATOLOGY 09.01 Dermatological emergencies • Acute urticaria & angioedema • Steven-Johnson's & TEN • Eczema herpeticum • Staph scalded skin syndrome • Necrotising fasciitis 09.02 Melanocytic lesions and mimickers • Melanoma & differentials • Seborrhoeic keratosis • Benign naevi • Dermatofibroma • Pyoderma gangrenosum 09.03 • Non-melanoma skin cancers - BCC & SCC • Acne vulgaris 10.01 Haematological cancers • ALL • CLL • Hairy cell leukaemia • AML • CML • Myelofibrosis • Myelodysplastic syndrome • Polycythaemia vera 10.03 Primary immunodeficiencies • Neutrophilia / phagocytes • T-cell disorders, incl DiGeorge's • B & T-cell disorders, incl SCID • Acute intermittent porphyria © quackquackmed.com 06 METABOLIC MEDICINE & ENDOCRINOLOGY 10.04 Anaemia • DDx chart + iron studies interpretation • Microcytic anaemia 10.05 Anaemia • Normocytic anaemia ÷ non-haemolytic and haemolytic anaemia 10.06 • Microcytic anaemia • Methaemoglobinaemia • Thrombophilia • Antiphospholipid syndrome • Thrombocytosis 09.04 • Eczema • Psoriasis • Rosacea 09.05 Dermatological infections • Impetigo • Folliculitis • Cellulitis & erysipelas • Head lice • Scabies 09.06 Dermatological infections • Tinea / dermatophyte infections • Candida • Viral warts • Molluscum contagiosum 09.07 Dermatological infections • Varicella / chickenpox • Herpes zoster / shingles • Pityriasis rosea • Hidradenitis suppurativa 09.08 Miscellaneous • Pemphigus • Bullous pemphigoid • Insect bites • Skin lesions 10.07 Platelet disorders • Immune thrombocytopaenia • Thrombocytopaenia • Haemophilia • von Willebrand disease • Neutropaenia 10.08 Blood products • Packed red cells • Platelets • CMV-ve and irradiated blood • FFP & cryoprecipitate • Prothrombin complex • Cell saver devices • Warfarin – Mx of high INR • Blood product transfusion complications, including TACO, TRALI 10.09 Miscellaneous • Hereditary angioedema • Hyposplenism • Splenomegaly • Thymoma • Lymphadenopathy • Drugs – anticoagulants, antiplatelets, tranexamic acid 10.10 Emergencies, organ transplants • Neutropenic sepsis • Tumour lysis syndrome • Graft versus host disease (GVHD) • Superior vena cava syndrome • Organ transplant & rejection 10.11 • Common cancers • Tumour markers • Genetic conditions predisposing to cancer • Prescribing for palliative / end of life care 10.12 Breast • Breast Ca • Fibroadenoma • Fibrocystic breast changes • Fat necrosis • Lipoma • Phyllodes tumour • Galactocele • Mammary duct ectasia • Duct papilloma • Lump description 11.01 Orthopaedic emergencies • Septic arthritis • Compartment syndrome • Spinal cord compression - Cauda equina syndrome • Open fractures • Tendon sheath infection (hand) 12 RHEUMATOLOGY 12.01 • Rheumatoid arthritis • Osteoarthritis • Psoriatic arthritis 12.02 • Ankylosing spondylitis • Reactive arthritis • Enteropathic arthritis • Gout • Pseudogout • Fibromyalgia • Chronic fatigue syndrome 15 CHILD HEALTH / PAEDIATRICS 12.04 Vasculitic disorders • Wegener's • Churg-Strauss • Giant cell arteritis • Takayasu arteritis • Microscopic polyangitis • Polyarteritis nodosa • Polymyalgia rheumatica • Henoch-Scholein • Behcet's 11.02 Upper limb orthopaedic issues • Shoulder • Elbow • Fractures: Colles', Smith's, Barton's, Monteggia's, Galeazzi 12.03 • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) • Dermatomyositis • Polymyositis • Sjogren syndrome 12.05 • Anti-GBM disease • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis • Adult-onset Still's disease • Hypermobility disorders • Autoantibodies (list) 11.03 Hand & foot • Hand • Ganglions • Foot, incl club foot 13 EAR NOSE THROAT 14 PSYCHIATRY 11.04 Hip, including neck of femur fractures 13.01 Ear • Otalgia • Otitis externa • Glue ear • Discharging ear • Otitis media 14a Substance abuse / overdose • Cannabis • MDMA/Ecstasy • Cocaine • Nitrous oxide • LSD / acid • Opioid misuse • Overdose / poisoning 13.02 Ear • Tinnitus • Hearing loss • Vertigo 11.05 Knee & ankle issues 11.06 Spinal orthopaedics Including rib fractures, autonomic dysreflexia 11.07 Miscellaneous • Dermatomes • Fat embolism • Osteomalacia • Osteomyelitis • Osteochondritis dissecans • Charcot joint 11.08 Miscellaneous • Joint replacements • Paget's disease of the bone • Osteoporosis • Pathological fractures • Fracture types 11.09 Malignancies & trauma • Osteosarcoma • Chondrosarcoma • Ewing's sarcoma • Giant cell tumour • Bone metastases • Trauma surgery 11.10 Paediatric orthopaedics • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis • Transient synovitis of the hip • Developmental dysplasia • Perthes' • SCFE • Rickets • Paediatric fractures 13.03 Ear • Childhood deafness • Deafness in adults • Otosclerosis • Vestibular schwannoma • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo • Meniere's disease • Vestibular neuronitis • Labyrinthitis 13.04 Nose • Rhinosinusitis (acute & chronic) • Nasal fractures • CSF rhinorrhoea • Epistaxis • Nasal cancers 13.05 Throat • Sore throat (includes tonsilitis) • Obstructive sleep apnoea • Stridor – causes • Croup • Acute epiglottitis • Laryngomalacia 13.06 Throat • Dysphonia • Dysphagia • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) • Bell's palsy 13.07 Throat • Neck lumps • Xerostomia • Salivary gland problems • Teeth problems 14.01 Mood disorders • Depression • Suicide • Bipolar disorder 14.02 Anxiety & related disorders • Generalised anxiety disorder • Panic disorders • OCD • PTSD • Acute stress disorder • (Others) 14.03 Psychotic disorders • Features that define psychotic disorders • Schizophrenia • Psychosis • Antipsychotics 14.04 Personality disorders • A: Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal • B: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic • C: Avoidant, dependent, obsessiveconvulsive 14.05 Eating disorders & miscellaneous psychiatric disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa • Insomnia • Unexplained symptoms • Electroconvulsive therapy 14.06 Drugs used in psychiatry & Mental Health Act / Sectioning 15.01 • Paediatric life support • Newborn life support • Intraosseous infusion • Anaphylaxis 15.02-03 Infections • Traffic light assessment of kids • Meningitis • Encephalitis [15.03] • Measles • Mumps • Rubella • Erythema infectiosum • HFMD • Roseola infantum • Chickenpox • HIV in children © quackquackmed.com 11 MUSCULOSKELETAL & ORTHOPAEDIC CONDITIONS 15.04 Respiratory disorders • Upper respiratory tract infections - Croup - Epiglottitis - Bacterial tracheitis - Diphtheria • Lower respiratory tract infections - Bronchiolitis - Viral-induced wheeze - Pneumonia - Whooping cough • Asthma • Cystic fibrosis [02.04] 15.05-06 Cardiovascular disorders • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) • Atrial septal defect (ASD) • Patent ductus arteriosus • Coarctation of the aorta • Congenital aortic valve stenosis • Eisenmenger's syndrome [15.06] • Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) • Transposition of great arteries (TGA) • Ebstein's anomaly • Kawasaki disease • Murmurs and heart sounds in children 15.07-09 GI disorders • Abdominal pain • Neuroblastoma • Coeliac disease • Malnutrition • Diarrhoea & vomiting [15.08] • Appendicitis • Intussusception • Pyloric stenosis • Hirschsprung • Oesophageal atresia [15.09] • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia • Inguinal hernia • Imperforate anus • Mid-gut malrotation • Gastroschisis & omphalocele • Meckel's diverticulum • Infant feeding problems 15.10-11 Renal & urological disorders • UTIs • Nephrotic syndrome • Acute glomerulonephritis [15.11] • Phimosis • Cryptorchidism • Hypospadias • Horseshoe kidney • Wilms' tumour (nephroblastoma) • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome 15.12-13 Neurological disorders • Epilepsy • Status epilepticus • Brain tumours [15.13] • Neural tube defects • Autism spectrum disorder 15.14-15 Haemonc disorders • Anaemia • Iron deficiency • Sickle cell disease • Hereditary spherocytosis • Henoch-Schonlein purpura [15.15] • Immune thrombocytopaenia • Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia • Primary immunodeficiencies • Severe combined immunodeficiency 15.16-18 Endocrine disorders • Diabetes mellitus + MODY • DKA • Hypothyroidism [15.17] • Hyperthyroidism • Inherited metabolic diseases • Glycogen storage disorders • Phenylalanine ketonuria • Lysosomal storage diseases [15.18] • Precocious puberty • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia • Genetic disorders summary 15.19 Developmental disorders • Developmental milestones • Speech delay • Cerebral palsy • Muscular dystrophies (incl Duchenne) • Global developmental delay 15.20-21 Genetic disorders • Down + other trisomies • Klinefelter • Triple X • Turner [15.21] • Cri du chat • DiGeorge • Williams • Achondroplasia • Marfan • Noonan • Fragile X 15.22-23 Neonates • Neonatal sepsis • Seizures • Respiratory distress • Jaundice [15.23] • Necrotising entercolitis • Hypoglycaemia • Hypotonia • Minor problems, including skin issues 15.24 Miscellaneous • Non-accidental injury • Screening schedule (perinatal) • Sudden infant death syndrome - Brief unexplained resolved event • Vaccination schedule 17 GYNAECOLOGY 16.01 Antenatal care • Pre-pregnancy counselling • Physiological changes in pregnancy • Antental care • Structural abnormalities 17.01 • Female genital mutilation • Amenorrhoea – primary & secondary • Polycystic ovarian syndrome • Physiological menstrual periods 16.02 Antenatal care • Aneuploidy & screening • Invasive testing • Use of anti-D • Antenatal care timetable 17.02 • Menorrhagia • Premenstrual syndrome • Menopause • Hormone replacement therapy 16.03 Antenatal care • Minor symptoms in pregnancy • Hyperemesis gravidum • Thromboprophylaxis • VTE 17.03 • Termination of pregnancy • Miscarriage • Recurrent miscarriage 16.04 Pre-existing problems • Hypertension • Anaemia • Diabetes • Hyperthyroidism • Jaundice • Malaria • Renal disease 17.04 • Ectopic pregnancy • Gestational trophoblastic disease 16.12 Labour and problems • Retained placenta • Instrumental vaginal delivery • Caesarean section • Stillbirth 16.06 Ante/perinatal infections • Syphilis • CMV • Parvovirus B19 • Toxoplasmosis • Listeria • Hepatitis B & E 16.13 Labour and problems • Placenta problems – vasa praevia, placenta accreta, placenta praevia • Perineal tears + episiotomy • Puerperal psychosis 16.07 Ante/perinatal infections • Herpes simplex • Varicella zoster • Chlamydia • Gonorrhoea • Clostridium • TB • Group B Strep • Opthalmia neonatorum 16.14 Obstetric emergencies • Sepsis in the puerperium • Eclampsia • Placental abruption • Cord prolapse • Shoulder dystosia 16.08 Antenatal problems • Abdominal pain in pregnancy DDx • Pre-eclampsia • HELLP syndrome • Oligohydramnios • Polyhydramnios • Small for gestational age 16.15 Obstetric emergencies • Uterine rupture • Postpartum haemorrhage • Amniotic fluid embolism • DIC & coagulation defects 16.09 Perinatal baby problems • Prematurity • Postmaturity • Birth injuries 16.16 Contraception • Combined pill, patch, ring • Condoms • Progesterone-only pill • Injectable contraceptives • Implantable contraceptives 16.11 Labour and problems • Multiple pregnancies (twins/triplets) • Breech presentation • Meconium-related problems • Reduced foetal movements 17.06 • Subfertility • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 17.07 • Vulval problems • Genital warts • Genital herpes • Vulval carcinoma 17.08 • Vaginal discharge DDx • Urinary incontinence • Pelvic organ prolapse 17.09 • Cervical cancer + screening • Vaginal cancer • Endometrial • Endometrial cancer hyperplasia 17.10 • Ovarian cancer • Ovarian cysts • Torsion 16.05 Pre-existing problems • Psychiatric conditions – drugs • Epilepsy • Connective tissue disease • HIV • Rubella • Measles 16.10 Labour and problems • Normal labour • Induction • Pain relief in labour • Monitoring 17.05 • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Endometriosis • Fibroids • Male subfertility 16.17 Contraception • Intrauterine system • Copper IUD • Emergency contraception • Postpartum contraception • Contraception for specific populations - >40yos - Obese pts - Epilepsy - Transgender/nonbinary © quackquackmed.com 16 OBSTETRICS THANK YOU • This book is dedicated chiefly to my mother Mrs Jo Loo: I thank God every day for you, and thank you for paying to put me through medical school!! And thank you also Dad, Jie and Brosh! • To my church family at East Birmingham Baptist Chapel, who have been my home away from home. I will miss you all very much when I have to return back to Singapore T_T - Shout out to the Markins who have made me an honorary Markin – Joseph, Tisha, Benji, and my first friend in EBBC Wilson - To the Gillits and de Vogels – the OGs - And to Bliss who might one day inherit this book and enterprise • To my friends and housemates, Dr Erica Z, Dr Charlotte L, and Dr Callum H (and our frequent guests Dr MG, Dr BD, Dr AW and Isobel) – thanks for allowing me to sit at the dining table for hours on end • To all my mentors in medical school - To Mr J Halle-Smith – you will not remember who I am, but thank you for involving me in your research projects - To Dr A Qureshi, my 3rd year CTF - Especially to the CTFs in Birmingham Heartlands Hospital 2023-2024 • To my colleagues and mentors in BHH Gen Surg (Aug-Dec 2024) - To Mr M Sahloul, my very cool educational supervisor - To Mr T Wiggins, thank you for your kind words about this project! - To the amazing extended surgical team (shout out to the wonderful PAs and ACPs who made me an honorary member of the cool kids club), the nurses on SAU and Ward 12 in Heartlands (you guys are unrivalled) ○ Grace, Jamad and Ziah – thank you!! - To my fellow F1s in UGI: Dr Charlotte L, Dr Sana B, Dr Minhaz H, Dr Hassan H and Dr Hari R. And to most of the other F1s in the gen surg team (sorry I'd name all of you but then this list would never end!) - To the really cool registrars, esp Ms A Hameedullah (who really wanted to have a book dedicated to her), Mr H Rahman (legend), Ms D Jochems, Mr S Jafferi, and all the other nice regs - To my RSOs/SHOs who helped me along, esp Dr P Rai, Dr M Raza, Dr T Mohanarajah, Dr H Purle, and Dr C Nzekwue • To the BHH Paeds team (Dec 24 - Mar 25), including my CS Dr Parsonson, the very nice consultants and registrars, the SHOs and my fellow F1 Dr Liz W, who are all blissfully unaware of this book – thank you! • To the BHH ID team (Apr - Jul 2025), including my CS Dr Jenkins (the all-seeing eye) and all the other consultants, regs and SHOs – thank you! © Dr Joan Loo MBChB, BSc (Pharmacy) quackquackmed.com Information in this book has been compiled from a number of sources including (but not limited to) • BMJ Best Practice • Pass Medicine • Stat Pearls • Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine & Clinical Specialities • NICE guidelines All errors in this book belong to me, and I would be grateful if you reached out to me at joan.loo [at] doctors.org.uk to let me know, so I can keep updating the notes :) Last updated May 2025 17 GYNAECOLOGY 16.01 Antenatal care • Pre-pregnancy counselling • Physiological changes in pregnancy • Antental care • Structural abnormalities 17.01 • Female genital mutilation • Amenorrhoea – primary & secondary • Polycystic ovarian syndrome • Physiological menstrual periods 16.02 Antenatal care • Aneuploidy & screening • Invasive testing • Use of anti-D • Antenatal care timetable 17.02 • Menorrhagia • Premenstrual syndrome • Menopause • Hormone replacement therapy 16.03 Antenatal care • Minor symptoms in pregnancy • Hyperemesis gravidum • Thromboprophylaxis • VTE 17.03 • Termination of pregnancy • Miscarriage • Recurrent miscarriage 16.04 Pre-existing problems • Hypertension • Anaemia • Diabetes • Hyperthyroidism • Jaundice • Malaria • Renal disease 17.04 • Ectopic pregnancy • Gestational trophoblastic disease 16.12 Labour and problems • Retained placenta • Instrumental vaginal delivery • Caesarean section • Stillbirth 16.06 Ante/perinatal infections • Syphilis • CMV • Parvovirus B19 • Toxoplasmosis • Listeria • Hepatitis B & E 16.13 Labour and problems • Placenta problems – vasa praevia, placenta accreta, placenta praevia • Perineal tears + episiotomy • Puerperal psychosis 16.07 Ante/perinatal infections • Herpes simplex • Varicella zoster • Chlamydia • Gonorrhoea • Clostridium • TB • Group B Strep • Opthalmia neonatorum 16.14 Obstetric emergencies • Sepsis in the puerperium • Eclampsia • Placental abruption • Cord prolapse • Shoulder dystosia 16.08 Antenatal problems • Abdominal pain in pregnancy DDx • Pre-eclampsia • HELLP syndrome • Oligohydramnios • Polyhydramnios • Small for gestational age 16.15 Obstetric emergencies • Uterine rupture • Postpartum haemorrhage • Amniotic fluid embolism • DIC & coagulation defects 16.09 Perinatal baby problems • Prematurity • Postmaturity • Birth injuries 16.16 Contraception • Combined pill, patch, ring • Condoms • Progesterone-only pill • Injectable contraceptives • Implantable contraceptives 16.11 Labour and problems • Multiple pregnancies (twins/triplets) • Breech presentation • Meconium-related problems • Reduced foetal movements 17.06 • Subfertility • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 17.07 • Vulval problems • Genital warts • Genital herpes • Vulval carcinoma 17.08 • Vaginal discharge DDx • Urinary incontinence • Pelvic organ prolapse 17.09 • Cervical cancer + screening • Vaginal cancer • Endometrial • Endometrial cancer hyperplasia 17.10 • Ovarian cancer • Ovarian cysts • Torsion 16.05 Pre-existing problems • Psychiatric conditions – drugs • Epilepsy • Connective tissue disease • HIV • Rubella • Measles 16.10 Labour and problems • Normal labour • Induction • Pain relief in labour • Monitoring 17.05 • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Endometriosis • Fibroids • Male subfertility 16.17 Contraception • Intrauterine system • Copper IUD • Emergency contraception • Postpartum contraception • Contraception for specific populations - >40yos - Obese pts - Epilepsy - Transgender/nonbinary © quackquackmed.com 16 OBSTETRICS
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