MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY
-THE START OF THE 20TH CENTURY SAW THE RISE OF DISTINCT MUSICAL STYLE THAT REFLECTED
A MOVIE
NEW STYLES WERE:
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IMPRESSIONISM
EXPRESSIONISM
NEO-CLASSICISM
AVANT-GARDE MUSIC
MODERN NATIONALISM
IMPRESSIONISM
-was one of the earliest musical forms.
- it is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
- meant to create an emotional mood rather than a specific picture
COMPOSERS
CLAUDE DEBUSSY
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was called “Father of the Modern School of composition”
“erratic pianist”
Won top prize at ”Prix de Rome”
Found new ways in evolving into a new language
More or less 227 musical pieces
WORKS
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Ariettes Oubliees
Prelude to the afternoon of a faun
String quartet
Pelleas et Melisande
La Mer (1905) Images
Suit Bergamasque
Estampes
Claire de Lune
MAURICE RAVEL
- Son of Basque mother and Swiss father
-age of 14, entered Paris Conservatory with Gabriel Faure
- characterized with Unique Innovative and he was a perfectionist composer
-considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and died with aphasia
- 60 pieces
WORKS
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Gasprd de la Nuit
Valses Nobles et Sentimatales
Le Tombeau de Couperin
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Rhapsodie Espagnole
Bolero
EXPRESSIONISM
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It is a term applied to an artistic style
Expression of an individual subjective experience
Convey feelings and emotion rather than reality
Atonality and twelvetone scale
COMPOSERS
ARNOLD SCHOENBURG
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Famous on using SERIAL TECHNIQUE (twelve tones related only one another )
Approximately 213 musical compositions
Austrian composer in working class of Suburb
WORKS
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VERKLATE NACHT
THREE PIECES FOR PIANO OP1
PIERROT LUNAIRE
GURRUEIDER
VERKLATE NACHT (TRANSFIGURED NIGHT)
IGOR STRAVINSKY
-Russian composer and conductor
- his style is neo-classical
- he adopted the forms of 18th century with his contemporary style
WORKS
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FIREBIRD
PETRUSHKA
THE RITE OF SPRING
THE WEDDING
NEO-CLASSICISM
-Light, entertaining, cool, and independent
-seven – note diatonic scale
-combines total harmonies
SERGEI PROKOFIEF
-combines the movements of music
-Born in Ukraine
WORKS
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ROMEO AND JULIET
WAR AND PEACE
PETER SND THE WOLF
TOCCATA
ETCC,….
FRANCIS POULENC
-member of the group of composers called ‘Les Six’
- French composer
- over 150 composition
-blends light,playful moods with deeper emotional and spiritual depth
WORKS
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TROIS MOUVEMENTS PERPETUELS
NOVELETTE NO. 1
THEME VARIE
SINFONIETTA
GLORIA
STABAT MATTER
BANALITES
AVANT – GARDE
- Vanguard of experimentation or innovation period
-Aesthetic and Conventional type of music
- Adopting extreme composition within a tradition called “EXPERIMENTAL MUSIC”
GEORGE GERSHWIN
-Phenomenal composer, cross-over artist, and a “FATHER OF AMERICAN JAZE”
- Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous song remain highly popular in the classical repertoire
-composed 369 mucical works
LEONARD BERNSTEIN
-a notable composer
- He was requested to be a substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the ‘NV PHILHARMONIC
ORCHESTRA’
- around 90 composition
WORKS
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MUSICAL WEST SIDE STORY
MUCH-CELEBRATED MASS
BROADWAY HIT CANDIDE
PHILIP GLASS
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Explored the areas of ballet, opera, theatre, film and television jingles
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Style of music was criticixed because of its applications
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
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Music that use tape recorder is called “musique concrete” or concrete music
Records different sounds that are heard in the environment
Ex. Bustle of traffic. Sound of the wind, barking of dogs,.
EDGARD VARESE
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Considered as ‘ innovative French-born composer”
“father of electronic music”
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KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
Central figure in the realm of electronic music
Develop the style of total serialism
No clear melodic or rhythmic sense
CHANCE MUSIC
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Refers to a style wherein the piece always sounds different because of the random techniques of
production
Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings, both natural and man made
Combinations of external sounds cannot be duplicated happens by the chance
JOHN CAGE
-one of the 20th century composers
- one of the most original composers in the history of western music
- experimented and came to be known as “chance music”
-created a “prepared” piano, where screws and pieces of word or paper where inserted between the
piano strings
- 4 mis and 33 seconds (4’33”)