Official Business
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Text and Context Connections:
Critical Reading as Looking for
Ways of Thinking
Course Outcome 3
Official Business
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Types of Claims
Course Outcome 3
Official Business
Explicit and Implicit
Claims in a Text
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Learning objectives:
 Identify the different kinds of claims
 Formulate claims
 Extract implicitly stated claims from a written text
Official Business
what is a
A claim is a statement that is not
considered accepted by all. A claim may be a
unified or controversial to a certain
degree. It is usually related to one side of
an issue. If so, the claim is also called
the position.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of Fact
Claims of Value
Claims of Policy
3 types of
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of Fact
This relate to statements that can be
verified, no matter how difficult. Claims of
fact talks about what is or what is not.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of Fact
Examples:
 Cancer is not contagious.
 Earth is not flat.
 Human Activity is responsible for the
Earth rapidly warming.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of Value
Claims of Value are evaluative statements.
These are statements about which is better,
more important, or more useful. This also
relates to what is good or bad.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of Value
Examples:
 It is more fun in the Philippines.
 Buying and fixing a house is better than
building a new one.
 It is better to be feared than loved.
(Machiavelli)
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of
Policy
Claims of policy are all about what should
be. It urges an action that would lead to a
condition. It is usually made in relation to
solving societal problems.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Claims of
Policy
Examples:
 The government must devote more fund in
building schools than building roads.
 Beauty contests should be banned.
 Divorce in the Philippines should be given
more priority.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Let’s Practice.
1. The Filipino language needs to be
developed.
2. The Earth’s climate is changing fast.
3. Sweden is a peaceful country.
4. Our society highly upholds the value of
hospitality
5. Animals should be treated as human
equals.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business
Pena, A. R. S., & Anudin, A. G. (2019).
Reading and
writing (23rd ed., p. 230). Vibal
Publishing House.
ENG02: Reading and Writing Skills
Official Business