HSC
English
First
Paper
Table of Contents
English 1st Paper
Serial
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Topic
Multiple choice questions
Short answer questions
Information transfer/flow chart
Summary writing
Cloze test with clues
Marks
5
15
5
10
5
Serial
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Topic
Marks
Cloze test without clues
10
Rearranging
10
15
Graph/Chart (Writing Section ‡`L)
Story Writing (Writing Section ‡`L)
15
Informal letter (Writing Section ‡`L)
10
English 2nd Paper
Serial
1.
2.
3.
4.
Topic
Use of preposition
Marks
5
Special use of some phrases/words
5
Completing sentences (using
10
clauses and phrases)
Right form of verbs
7
Narrative style
7
5.
Serial
7.
8.
9.
Topic
Use of sentence connectors
10.
Formal letter/Gmail
Use of synonym and antonym
Punctuation
7
(Writing Section ‡`L)
11.
Marks
7
7
Writing Paragraph
(By listing/description)
10
15
(Writing Section ‡`L)
6.
12.
Use of modifiers
5
Writing Paragraph
(comparison & contrast/cause & effect)
15
(Writing Section ‡`L)
n h e i j ENGLISH
English First Paper
Question No-01: Seen Passages
Seen Passage-01
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant
was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most
animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the
animals however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in
education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues.
Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by
marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where
we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in
workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also
between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.
All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and
affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one
to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and we
when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed
for our emotional health.
To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is
needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But
quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and
loss to all.
[Unit-06, Lesson-1 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
'Man is by nature a social animal' indicates that –––.
(i) man is force to live in society
(ii) naturally, man cannot go against society
(iii) man has a predisposition to from a communal bond
(iv) unlike animals, man forms society
2.
Intimate bonds are formed through –––.
(i) nuptial arrangement
(ii) community support
(iii) professional relationships
(iv) familial relationships
3.
The word 'isolation' means –––.
(i) connection
(ii) confinement
(iii) separation
(iv) bond
4.
The word 'lessen' mentioned in the passage means –––.
(i) serve
(ii) mitigate
(iii) mention
(iv) impress
5.
what does not the author emphasise?
(i) highlighting human instincts of companions (ii) focusing on soundness of the psyche
(iii) merits of loneliness and isolation
(iv) harmony achieved through mutual bond
6.
Without proper relationship, there is, indeed, –––.
(i) a crisis of existentialism
(ii) emotional support
(iii) mental support
(iv) all of the above
 :––: n h e i j ENGLISH :––:
Page No#1
Emotional health is a/an –––.
(i) abstraction
(ii) triviality
(iii) concreteness
(iv) discretion
8.
The wild animals also need –––.
(i) food
(ii) house
(iii) company
(iv) occupation
9.
Man establishes relationships for physical and emotional –––.
(i) health
(ii) help
(iii) treatment
10. Man's relationship is related to his –––.
(i) enmity
(ii) antipathy
(iii) entity
(iv) humanity
11. What does a man pursue?
(i) wealth
(ii) knowledge
(iii) health
(iv) relationship
12. Relation to each other ––– a man to do well in life.
(i) proves
(ii) hinders
(iii) unites
(iv) encourages
13. Which one is an effect of social segregation?
(i) mental comfort
(ii) emotional estrangement
(iii) physical pleasure
(iv) material gains
14. Marriage is a key ––– relationship
(i) for
(ii) in
(iii) to
(iv) by
15. We develop ––– relationship in school.
(i) familial
(ii) professional
(iii) educational
(iv) social
16. We also ––– our relationship in workplace.
(i) cheer
(ii) nourish
(iii) destroy
(iv) repel
17. Where do we form close bonds with classmates and teachers?
(i) in workplace
(ii) in family
(iii) in factories
(iv) in school
18. Who from relationship with toys?
(i) boys
(ii) girls
(iii) children
(iv) men
19. What keeps us close to each other?
(i) society
(ii) family
(iii) livelihood
(iv) relationship
20. What does the word 'effective' indicate?
(i) useless
(ii) compulsory
(iii) relative
(iv) fruitful
21. The word 'philosopher' is the text can be replaced by –––.
(i) idealist
(ii) physician
(iii) thinker
(iv) politician
22. The best synonym of 'instinct' is –––.
(i) instance
(ii) significance
(iii) decent
(iv) impulse
23. The correct meaning of 'seek' is –––.
(i) search
(ii) sip
(iii) look after
(iv) look around
24. The word 'wild' in the passage means –––.
(i) fierce
(ii) tame
(iii) domestic
(iv) pet
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Why does mental breakdown cause existential crisis?
Ans: Mental breakdown causes -existential crisis because humans make their life meaningful
through mental bonds and emotions. So, for a meaningful existence, it is important that they
maintain mental soundness.
2. Do you agree that sharing joys and sharing sorrows are the same thing? Justify your
answer.
Ans: Sharing joys and sharing sorrows are, actually, the same thing. The former multiplies
our happiness, while the latter, by decreasing our sorrows, helps us to maintain our mental
balance.
7.
 n h e i j English 
2
3.
Why does man want to establish relationships with others?
Ans: Man wants to establish relationships with others for companionship and for physical
and emotional support.
4. How is man's relationship different from those of other animals?
Ans: Wild animals also- develop relationship. But man's relationship is related to his
existence. It inspires him to do well in his life. Thus, man's relationship is different from
those of other animals.
5. How can marriage make intimate relationship?
Ans: Man makes family by marriage. It is a social contract. In society, all are related to some
extent by bonding. Marriage is a kind of bonding that binds two souls together and through
togetherness they give birth to children. In fact, marriage as a sacred bonding between a man
and a woman is a process of coming closer to each other and deepening rove relationship
between them day by day.
6. How does relationship help a man?
Ans: Relationship helps a man by providing him with physical and emotional support.
7. What types of relationship are there?
Ans: There are various types of relationship. Some are familial and intimate, some are social
and some are professional. Moreover, there are relationships between human beings and
animals, between children and their toys.
8. How is familial relationship formed?
Ans: Familial relationship is formed when a person makes a family by marriage. Moreover, it
can be formed by blood.
9. What is the role of school in man's relationship?
Ans: School plays a great role in man's social relationship because he forms close bonds with
classmates and great at school.
10. What do you understand by instinct?
Ans: Instinct is a natural tendency for people and animals to behave in a particular way using
the knowledge and abilities that they were born with.
11. Where can we nourish our relationship?
Ans: We can nourish our relationship in our workplace. As we go to our workplace everyday
and stay for a long time, we nourish relationship with other fellow mates.
12. Why do human beings form relationship with animals?
Ans: Human beings form relationship with animals as they love them. Owing to their love
for animals, they keep animals at home as their pets.
13. How do children develop relationship with toys?
Ans: Children like toys and they like to play with toys. And gradually they develop
relationship with toys.
14. What do you understand by familial relationship?
Ans: When a relationship is formed in a family, it is called familial relationship.
15. What do you know about professional relationship?
Ans: We go to our workplace everyday and we mix with our colleagues there. In this way,
we develop relationship with each other in our profession. This is called professional
relationship.
16. How can we remain close to each other?
Ans: We can remain close to each other by mixing with each other and by sharing our
feelings with each other.
 n h e i j English 
3
17. What do relationships provide for us?
Ans: Relationships provide physical and mental support, love and affection for us.
18. How does an unmarried person suffer?
Ans: An unmarried person or a person who does not have a family suffers from- the pain of
loneliness and isolation.
19. Who is lonely and isolated in our society?
Ans: A person who does not have .a family is lonely and isolated in our society because there
is none to laugh or cry with him/her.
20. What is the life of a man without family like?
Ans: A person who has no family cannot share his feelings and-his or her life becomes
painful for his or her loneliness and isolation. Because s/he finds none to laugh or cry with.
21. How can we multiply our joy?
Ans: When we share our joy with someone, we can multiply our joy. That is why, we need
company.
22. What happens when someone shares his/her sorrow?
Ans: People may have sorrows and sufferings in life. But if someone shares his/her sorrows,
s/he gets relief and thus s/he can lessen his/her sorrows.
23. How do relationships help our emotional health?
Ans: When we share our feelings and emotions with others, we get peace of our mind. This
way relationships help our emotional health.
24. What do we need to build relationships?
Ans: To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other we also need to
have love for each other to form relationships.
25. Who cannot establish an effective relationship?
Ans: Sonic people become selfish and possessive. They only think about their own interests.
They cannot establish an effective relationship.
26. What is the result of quarrelling and fighting?
Ans: The result of quarrelling and fighting with each other is always destructive. It only
brings misery and loss to all.
27. Why is relationship very important?
Ans: Relationship is very important because without building relationship with others we
cannot live. We need to form relationships with others for our physical and mental health.
28. How do human beings get into various relationship?
Ans: Human beings are naturally social animals. They cannot live alone. When they come in
contact with one another and express. their feelings to one another, a relationship develops
among or between them. And there are various types or relationships which develop on
different basis.
29. What are some of the preconditions of good relationship?
Ans: There are some preconditions of good relationship. Without them, we cannot form good
relationship. The preconditions of good relationship are mutual trust and respect for one
another. In order to maintain a good relationship, we must avoid selfishness and
possessiveness.
 n h e i j English 
4
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[The famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man .............. only brings misery and loss to all.]
What/Who
Event/occurrence
Why/When
Where/How
Man
seeks company of others (i)..................
(ii)....................
inspire man to do well
in workplace, in education
or in a profession
(iii).................
is formed
by blood and
marriage
A person
feels lonely
(iv)................
Effective relationship can be established
(v).......
 Ans: (i) for physical and emotional support; (ii) Relationships; (iii) Familial relationship; (iv)
when he has no family; (v) through trust, respect and love for each other.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing why we need to establish relationships.
(one is done for you)
[The famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man .............. only brings misery and loss to all.]
1. For companionship
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
4.
2.
1.
3.
For greater
For physical
For

 For doing well  performance 
and emotional
companionship
in education
in workplace
support
and profession
5.
For sharing
joy with
others

6.
For reducing
our sorrows
3. Summarize the above passage
 Ans: As a social being, man necessarily follows the instinct of seeking company and forming
mutual relationship just like other animals for motivation and inspiration. Relationships can be of
different types; they can be familial or intimate. They can also develop from interactions with
others in different social organizations. The necessity of companionship is truly felt by those who
have .none to share compassion or emotion with. An effective relationship amplifies our
happiness and minimizes our sorrows. Therefore, to cherish a lasting relationship, we should
develop trust, respect and dispose of qualities like selfishness, possessiveness and abstain from
fights and quarrels.
Seen Passage-02
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata
Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there.
Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed
his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination he
became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a colorful life
marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for
sports and cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and cricket player as well as a
sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut
to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion
for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at
Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.
 n h e i j English 
5
It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and
during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage
rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright
Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a
founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh
Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modem football in our country?
There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the eldest son of a Prime Minister and
later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's
name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he
loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching good movies with them in
Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked.
Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He groomed himself up as a young man
who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan military began
its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the liberation war and received military training at Camp
Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This tall young man who carried himself with
dignity and possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC of General Ataul Goni
Osmani, the Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After
independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but
he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.
Journalist Syed Ishtiaq Reza, in one of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla Tribune,
rightly says that the unique qualities of Sheikh Kamal's character, especially his whole-hearted
involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son or daughter of any President, Prime
Minister or high officials in Bangladesh.
This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday and only after a month of his
marriage with Sultana Kamal, a Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short by a
group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most
members of their family were assassinated.
Unit-05, Lesson-1 (B)
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
Which one mismatches sheikh Kamal's qualities?
(i) He taught Sitar to others.
(ii) He was sports enthusiast.
(iii) He devoted himself to acting
(iv) He was a student of Dhaka University.
2.
3.
'tutelage' is a opposite to –––.
(i) apprenticeship
(ii) tutorship
(iii) mentorship
(iv) guidance
'assassinate' does no imply –––.
(i) kill
(ii) slay
(iii) eliminate
(iv) struggle
4.
What is the purpose of the author?
(i) to present the autobiography of Sheikh Kamal
(ii) to present Sheikh Kamal's contributions
(iii) to give a synopsis of sheikh kamal's life and works
(iv) to highlight the youth of Sheikh Kamal
5.
'liveliness' means everything but –––.
(i) spiritedness
(ii) melancholy
(iii) fullness of life
(iv) cheerfulness
Sheikh Kamal resided in/at –––.
(i) Tungipara
(ii) Dhaka
(iii) Gopalganj
(iv) both (i) & (iii)
6.
 n h e i j English 
6
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Sheikh Kamal was unsuccessful –––.
(i) academically
(ii) culturally
(iii) politically
(iv) none of these
In terms of games and sports, sheikh Kamal was –––.
(i) multitalented
(ii) dump
(iii) callous
(iv) uninterested
When would Sheikh Kamal practise drama?
(i) at dusk
(ii) in the morning
(iii) during his free time (iv) during the day
Sheikh Kamal did not set up –––.
(i) Dhaka Theatre
(ii) Abahani krira Chokro
(iii) Military Training Camp
(iv) cultural organizations
Shaheed Munir Chowdhury is eminent for writing –––.
(i) dramas
(ii) stage direction
(iii) music
(iv) theatre direction
––– introduced modern football in our country.
(i) Abahani Krira Chokro (ii) Sheikh Kamal
(iii) Sheikh Jamal
(iv) i & ii
What part of speech is the word 'Besides'?
(i) verb
(ii) preposition and adverb
(iii) conjunction
(iv) adjective
In the phrase, ' Dhaka Theatre', 'Dhaka' is a –––.
(i) proper noun
(ii) adjective
(iii) noun-adjective
(iv) common noun
"This is unfortunate that...... cowardly killers'' in the 1st line of the last paragraph is an
example of a –––.
(i) simple sentence
(ii) complex sentence (iii) compound sentence (iv) mixed-structure
Which sentence indicates a structural contradiction?
(i) Sheikh Kamal was very brilliant
(ii) He spent some time watching movies
(iii) He was sadly killed
(iv) Despite being the son of a Prime Minister, he led a simple life
Which one is not correct about Sheikh Kamals' life?
(i) Sheikh Kamal disowned his leadership qualities
(ii) He forsook military life
(iii) He enjoyed a happy conjugal life.
(iv) His wife was very good at games and sports
Why did Sheikh Kamal abandon his enlistment in the Army?
(i) to reform the war-wrecked nation
(ii) to fight in the liberation War
(iii) to receive military training
(iv) to found political organizations
Sheikh Kamal married at the age of –––.
(i) 25 years
(ii) 26 years
(iii) 26 years 10 days
(iv) 26 years 1 month
Which of the following information is not true about Sheikh Kamal?
(i) He stood out as a student.
(ii) He gave up his studies.
(iii) He had little passion for modern music.
(iv) He had an overwhelming cocurricular life.
'trait' refers to –––.
(i) tides
(ii) features
(iii) sides
(iv) backgrounds
'founder' refers to –––.
(i) establisher
(ii) finder
(iii) foundation
(iv) find
'perseverance' implies –––.
(i) persistence
(ii) passion
(iii) success
(iv) promise
 n h e i j English 
7
In the passage 'groom' is synonymous with –––.
(i) tidy
(ii) nurture
(iii) smarten
(iv) all of the above
25. 'cowardly' is closely related to –––.
(i) bravery
(ii) knighthood
(iii) elegance
(iv) timid
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What do you know about Sheikh Kamal's birth and childhood?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata
Fazilatunnesa Mujib hailed from Tungipara under Gopalganj district and passed his
childhood there.
(b) "Despite a cultural enthusiast, Sheikh Kamal was academically brilliant." –– Do you
agree?
Ans: Yes, I do agree with the statement because Sheikh Kamal had a glorious educational
life, All three institutions, namely BAF Shaheen College, Dhaka, College and Dhaka
University, he studied at were, and still are some of the renowned public institutions, where
he entered on his own merit.
(c) Why would you call Sheikh Kamal an extrovert socialiser?
Ans: I would call Sheikh Kamal an extrovert socialiser. In the first place, he participated in
and led many sports and cultural events and organizations. Moreover, he regularly socialised
himself not only with his friends bit also with people from all arenas.
(d) How did Sheikh Kamal start and end his days?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal started his days by polishing the art of playing the Sitar and ended his
days by rehearsing play on stage.
(e) Which incident implies Sheikh Kamal's knack for acting?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal participated in the stage performance of the famous play 'Kabar'. This
indicates his knack for acting.
(f) Why is Sheikh Kamal a pioneer of modern football in our country?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal is a pioneer of modern football in our country since he is the founder of
Abahani Krira Chokro, which has .made modern dimensions in our football.
(g) How did Sheikh Kamal master the art of Sitar?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal mastered the art of Sitar by perfecting it from the mentorship of Ustad
Ful Mohaminad.
(h) Was Sheikh Kamal a cultural enthusiast? Explain.
Ans: Yes, Sheikh Kamal was a cultural enthusiast. He founded a number of cultural
organizations. Moreover, he was keenly involved in musical performance and movies.
(i) How could one say that Sheikh Kamal lived a simple life of frugality?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal maintained frugality and honesty in his life. In addition; his philosophy
of simplicity got reflected in not using his family's political name; but in working
industrious.
(j) Why was Sheikh Kamal successful in enrolling in the army?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal was successful in enrolling in the army by following the principles of
perseverance, commitment, dignity and integrity.
(k) Was Sheikh Kamal the Commander-in-Chief in 1971?
Ans: No, Sheikh Kamal was the ADC of the Commander-in-Chief in 1971.
24.
 n h e i j English 
8
(l) 'Industry is the key to success.' — Do you agree on this point in the light of Sheikh
Kamal's biography?
Ans: Yes, I wholeheartedly agree with the statement. Specially, Sheikh Kamal proves this
proverb by his continuous labour and honesty by reaching the pinnacle of success in his
career.
(m) Did Sheikh Kamal inherit the supreme qualities of leadership and charisma?
Ans: No, Sheikh Kamal acquired the supreme qualities of leadership and charisma on his
own merit and skills.
(n) Why did Sheikh Kamal leave the army?
Ans: Sheikh Kamal left the army so that he could rebuild the war-hit country and utilise the
spirit of youth properly for the development of the nation.
(o) Justify the remark of Syed Ishtiaq Reza.
Ans: Sons or daughters of political leaders generally lead a secure political and ambitious
life. However, Sheikh Kamal was an exception : he wholeheartedly engaged himself
productively in sports and cultural activities, even leaving his military life. Therefore, Syed
Ishtiaq Reza was absolutely correct.
(p) What distinguished Sultana Kamal?
Ans: Sultana Kamal won the title of 'Dhaka University Blue' in athletics. Her winning this
title distinguished her.
(q) Why do you think Sultana Kamal was a perfect match for Sheikh Kamal?
Or, Why you think, was Sultana Kamal a perfect match for Sheikh Kamal?
Ans: Sultana Kamal was a perfect match for Sheikh Kamal for two reasons. Firstly, both
were meritorious students of Dhaka University. Secondly, both were highly skilled in games
and sports.
(r) 'His life was cut short.' — What does the author imply?
Ans: Here the author implies that a gloriously brilliant young asset of the nation Sheikh
Kamal died a premature and inopportune death.
(s) How could you comprehend that the death was tragic?
Ans: I. comprehend that the death was tragic because it was not a natural death and Sheikh
Kamal was then very young.
(t) Why does the author call the killers 'cowardly'?
Ans: The author calls the killers 'cowardly' because firstly, the killing was done secretly and
secondly, they attacked the Bangabandhu family armless at night.
(u) Do you think Sheikh Kamal had a great passion for classical music? Why?
Ans: Yes, I think Sheikh Kamal had a great passion for classical music. In order to learn
Sitar, he became a student of Chhayanaut under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad.
Besides, he had a good collection of musical instruments. So, it can be said that he had a
great passion for classical music.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu ...................... modern football in our country?]
Who/What
Events/Occurrences
When
Where
Fazilatunnesa Mujib
(i)..............
at Tungipara in
Gopalganj..............
Sheikh Kamal
completed matriculation
(ii) .................
(iii).................
was studied
during
at Dhaka University
graduation
Ustad Ful Mohammad (iv)...........
at chhayanaut
(v) ................
composed 'Kabar'
in the 1960s
 Ans: (i) gave birth to Sheikh Kamal; (ii) from Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School; (iii) Sociology; (iv)
taught Sheikh Kamal Sitar; (v) Shaheed Munir Chowdhury.
 n h e i j English 
9
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing a synopsis of Sheikh Kamal's birth and
educational life. (one is done for you)
[Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu ...................... modern football in our country?]
1. Born in Gopalganj
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Born in
Gopalganj
2.
3.
4.
Schooling at
College
Graduation at



BAF Shaheen
education at
Dhaka
School
Dhaka College
University
5.
6.
Learning Sitar
Learning drama
 under Ustad 
performance on
Ful
stage
Mohammad
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal's cocurricular activities.
(one is done for you)
[Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu ...................... modern football in our country?]
1. A basketball player
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
A basketball 
player
2.
A sports
organiser

3.
A music
enthusiast
4.

A Sital player

5.
A stage
performer
6.
The founder of

Abahani Krira
Chokro
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal's career(one is done for
you)
[Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut ................ their family were assassinated.]
1. Participation in the
Liberation War

2.

3.


4.
Reformation
of country
4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Participation
2.
in the
Training
at 

Liberation
Camp Murtee
War
3.
Exhibition of
leadership in
war

5.
Organisation 
of youth
6.
Foundation of
cultural
organisation
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) Sheikh Kemal, the eldest son of Bangabazdhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata
Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there.
Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed
his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination he
became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Karma bad a colorful life
marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for
sports and cultural activities. He was a find division basketball and cricket player as well as a
sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut
to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kama had a passion
for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at
Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.
It is well known to his friends that Shah Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and
during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage
rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright
Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kemal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a
founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh
Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modem football in our country?
 n h e i j English 
10
 Ans: Sheikh Kamal, the heroic son of Bangabandhu, had extraordinary academic and cultural
achievements. Passing from BAF Shaheen School and Dhaka College, he graduated from Dhaka
University in. Sociology. Simultaneously, he devoted himself in his cultural and sports activities.
A multi-talented youth, Sheikh Kamal was skilled in football, basketball, music, drama, Sitar and
what not.
(ii) There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the eldest son of a Prime Minister and
later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's
name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he
loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching good movies with them in
Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked.
Sheikh Kamal knew that there is no shortcut to success. He groomed himself up as a young man
who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment. When the Pakistan military began
its genocide in Bangladesh he joined the liberation war and received military training at Camp
Murtee, located at the Himalayan foothills in India. This tall young man who carried himself with
dignity and possessed remarkable traits of leadership became the ADC of General Ataul Goni
Osmani, the Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces during the liberation war. After
independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but
he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.
Journalist Syed Ishtiaq Reza, in one of his columns "Ekjon Sheikh Kamal" in Bangla Tribune,
rightly says that the unique qualities of Sheikh Kamal's character, especially his whole-hearted
involvement in sports and culture, are never seen in any son or daughter of any President, Prime
Minister or high officials in Bangladesh.
This is unfortunate that just after 10 days of his 26 birthday and only after a month of his
marriage with Sultana Kamal, a Dhaka University Blue in athletics, his life was cut short by a
group of cowardly killers. Both he and his wife along with Bangabandhu, Bangamata and most
members of their family were assassinated.
 Ans:
Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of a Prime Minister and later a President, Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman was bestowed with interesting features in his character. He was a well-groomed
young man with strong morality who had whole-hearted involvement in sports and cultural
activities. Despite being a son of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he chose the path of perseverance and
commitment. Apart from being culture-minded, he possessed courage and leadership qualities.
Having returned from the Liberation War, Katmai engaged himself in nation building activities
although he had an opportunity to choose a secured job in Bangladesh Army. However, it is really
tragic that Sheikh Kamal along with Bangabandhu and most other members of his family was
killed brutally by some assassins.
Seen Passage-03
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a
modest background; her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife. She is the second
of four siblings. She is not very tall or well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but
this apparently ordinary girl has three things that she can be proud of. These are: she has
extraordinarily supportive parents who accepted her dreams as real; her father was a freedom
fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world
as the fast Bangladeshi girl in 2012. Nishat's life presents an inspirational story that the youth in
Bangladesh needs to know.
 n h e i j English 
11
Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village called Teori, which is situated in Ramganj upazila
in Lakshmipur District. She completed her schooling from Bottomley Home Girls' High School
in 1997, and passed HSC from Shahid Anwar Girls' College in 1999. She earned her bachelor's
and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka City College, and currently works for Dhaka
WASA as an accountant. She is also interested in different languages and cultures of the world,
and has enrolled for her MA in Japan Studies at Dhaka University. For us, Nishat's life comes
across as especially significant because it tells us how the influence of one person can motivate
someone to dream big. As the daughter of a freedom fighter, Nishat had to face many obstacles in
her life, but her mother, her role model, gave her courage and determination to overcome them
and pursue her dreams. Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's mother, is a hardworking and understanding
woman, who has been a pillar of support for her family in the direst of situations. Nishat learned
from her mother how to keep mental strength in calamitous moments of life. Learning from her,
Nishat began her dream of conquering mountains.
[Unit-05, Lesson-4 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
The meaning of 'icon' in the 1st line of the text is –––.
(i) a famous person whom people admire
(ii) a highly educated person
(iii) a worshipper
(iv) a very handsome person
2.
'apparently' in the 4th line of the text can be best replaced by –––.
(i) possibly
(ii) undoubtedly
(iii) seemingly
(iv) valuely
3.
Nishat is a Bangladeshi –––.
(i) business magnet
(ii) acting idol
(iii) sports idol
(iv) famous pop singer
4.
Nishat and her siblings are –––.
(i) three in number
(ii) four in number
(iii) half a dozen in number
(iv) two in number
5.
Nishat reached Everest peak in –––.
(i) 2012
(ii) 2015
(iii) 2016
(iv) 2017
6.
She is a woman –––.
(i) in her late forties
(ii) in her mid forties
(iii) in her forties
(iv) in her early forties
7.
She was born into –––.
(i) a modest family
(ii) an aristocratic family.
(iii) a rich family
(iv) a musical family
8.
As an ordinary Bangladeshi girl Nishat can be proud of –––.
(i) so many things
(ii) five things
(iii) three important things
(iv) four significant things
9.
The word 'sibling' in line 3 means –––.
(i) a brother and mother
(ii) a brother or sister
(iii) a sister or father
(iv) a mother or father
10. The meaning of 'extraordinarily' in the 4th line of the passage is –––.
(i) barely
(ii) doubtfully
(iii) slightly
(iv) incredibly
11. Nishat did her Master's in –––.
(i) Physics
(ii) Accounting
(iii) Management
(iv) Banking
12. She works for Dhaka WASA at present as –––.
(i) a cashier
(ii) an executive
(iii) an accountant
(iv) a CEO
 n h e i j English 
12
She is very interested in various –––.
(i) subjects
(ii) arts
(iii) degrees
(iv) languages
14. Nishat has got into Dhaka University to do her Master's in –––.
(i) Japan Studies
(ii) Arabic
(iii) English
(iv) Russian language
15. Her father was a –––.
(i) service holder
(ii) cultivator
(iii) freedom fighter
(iv) govt. officer
16. Who encouraged Nishat to face any obstacles to make her dream come true?
(i) her friend
(ii) her brothers
(iii) her sister
(iv) her mother
17. Who has acted as her role model?
(i) her father
(ii) her teacher
(iii) her siblings
(iv) her mother
18. Who has inspired Nishat to begin her dream of conquering mountains?
(i) Her colleagues
(ii) her classmates
(iii) Ashura Mazumder
(iv) her youngest sibling
19. How is the mother of Nishat Mazumder?
(i) an industrious and judicious woman
(ii) a strong and ugly woman
(iii) a tall and charming lady
(iv) an illiterate rural woman
20. Ashura Mazumder has been a ––– for the family in the worst situations.
(i) helper
(ii) strong support
(iii) sympathizer
(iv) friend
21. ––– is the name of the place where she was born.
(i) Natore
(ii) Bottomley
(iii) Champatola
(iv) Teori
22. She passed the SSC Exam from –––.
(i) Bottomley Home Girl's High School
(ii) Dhaka City College
(iii) Shahid Anwar Girl's College
(iv) Kashipur Girl's High School
23. The word 'supportive' in the 5th line of the text means –––.
(i) encouraging
(ii) opposing
(iii) thoughtful
(iv) disapproving
24. The word 'scale' in the 6th line of the text means –––.
(i) descending
(ii) climbing up
(iii) falling
(iv) disapproving
25. The word 'schooling' in the 9th line of the text refers to –––.
(i) setting up schools
(ii) sleeping
(iii) the education you receive at school
(iv) playing
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What do you know about Nishat's family?
Ans: Nishat Mazumder was born into a modest family. She is the second of four siblings.
Her father who was a freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 is now a
businessman and her mother is a housewife.
(b) What are the things that Nishat can be proud of?
Ans: Every person usually has something to be proud of Nishat is also no exception to this.
She has some significant aspects that she can be proud of. She has at least three things to be
proud of. For example, she has parents who are amazingly supportive in realizing her dream;
her another pride is that her father is a freedom fighter in the Liberation War and she is the
first Bangladeshi girl who scaled Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world in 2012.
(c) "Nishat's life presents an inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs to
know." — Explain in your own words.
Ans: An example set by a person can be a great inspiration and a motivation for someone
else. Nishat's life story is full of challenges, obstacles, and adventures. Her life serves .the
purpose of inspiration and motivation for the youth in Bangladesh. Because a youth can learn
from her life how to face and overcome obstacles; how to take challenge, and how to dream
big and realize it in life. Thus, the youth in Bangladesh have many things to learn from her
life.
13.
 n h e i j English 
13
(d) Who, according to you, played the most significant role behind her challenging life and
in realising her dream?
Ans: Her mother played the most significant role behind her challenging life and in realizing
her dream. She always encouraged significant to go ahead with determination to make her
dream come true. Thus, she played a most significant role in achieving Nishat's success in
life.
(e) Does one's appearance make a difference in achieving success? Give answer from your
reading the passage.
Ans: No, one's appearance does not make a difference in his/her achieving success. If we
observe the life of Nishat, we find that she gained success through hard work and
determination though she doesn't possess a glamorous look and a well-built physique.
(f) Who is Nishat Mazumder?
Ans: Nishat Mazumder is a Bangladeshi woman in her early forties. She is a sports icon in
our country. She reached the highest peak in the world in 2012.
(g) How does Nishat look?
Ans: Nishat is an ordinary Bangladeshi girl who is not very tall. She is neither well built nor
has a fascinating princess-like appearance.
(h) What do you know about her education?
Ans: Nishat passed the SSC Exams from Bottomley Home Girls"' High School in 1997 and
HSC Exam from Shahid Anwar Girls' College in 1999. She received her Bachelor's and
Master's degrees from Dhaka City College.
(i) What is Nishat interested in?
Ans: Nishat takes a great interest in different languages and cultures of the world. As an
evidence of her such interest, she has got into Dhaka University to do her MA in Japan
Studies.
(j) Why has she got into Dhaka University?
Ans: Because of her great interest in different languages and cultures of the world, Nishat has
got into Dhaka University to do her MA in Japan Studies.
(k) What is she doing currently?
Ans: She is now working for Dhaka WASA as an accountant.
(l) How does her mother become her role model?
Ans: Nishat's mother, Ashura Mazumder, is a very hardworking and intelligent woman who
always inspires her with courage and confidence to overcome the obstacles of life and to
make her dream come true. She has always acted as a pillar of support for the whole family.
So, Nishat has taken her to be the role model for her life.
(m) How is Nishat's mother?
Ans: Ashura Mazumder, Nishat's mother is a hardworking and intelligent woman who acts as
a pillar of support for the family.
(n) What has Nishat learnt from her mother?
Ans: From her mother Nishat has learnt how to be hardworking, how to keep mental strength
in the worst situations of life.
(o) What do you mean by WASA?
Ans: WASA is an acronym. It stands for Water Supply and Sewerage Authority.
 n h e i j English 
14
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village .................... dream of conquering mountains]
What/ who
Event /occurrence
When /How
Where
Nishat Mazumder Was born
(i)...........
in Ramganj Lakshmipur
She
completed her schooling in 1997
(ii)..........
She
(iii)......
in 1999
Shahid Anwar Girl's College
She
overcame all obstacles in (iv)............
her life
(v)...........
gives support to the in the direst of
family
situations
 Ans: (i) on 5 January 1981; (ii) Bottomley Home Girls' High School; (iii) completed HSC; (iv)
with the help of her mother; (v) Ashura Mazumder.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the birth and education of Nishat
Mazumder.(one is done for you)
[Nishat was born on 5 January 1981 in a village .................... dream of conquering mountains]
1. Born on 5 January,
1981

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Born on 5
January,
1981
2.
Birth and
 growing up in 
Ramganj,
Lakshimipur
3.
SSC in 1997

4.
HSC in 1999
5.
6.
Bachelor's and
Studying MA in
Master's

 Japan Studies at
degrees from
Dhaka
Dhaka City
University
College
3. Summarize the above passage.
 Ans: Nishat Mazumder is a Bangladeshi sports icon. She is proud of her supporting parents
whose inspiration enabled her to reach the highest mountain peak in the world as the first
Bangladeshi girl in 2012. She was born on 5 Januar3r1981 in Lakshmipur. She passed the SSC
and HSC exams in 1997 and 1999 respectively. After that she completed her Bachelor's and
Master's degrees from Dhaka City College. Feeling interested in different languages and cultures
of the world, she has got into Dhaka University to do MA in Japan Studies.
Seen Passage-04
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly bothered to see others' happiness. His
own personal interest was at any cost important to him. Neither was he a polite man, nor did he
like other people to be polite to each other. In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people
around him and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you, don't mention it, etc. It
troubled him a lot when people around were smiling to use these expressions.
The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So, he took a mission to invent a device
that would steal these polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts. One, people won't
use these words and thus he would be relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the
second one was earning money by selling the words stolen by the machine to somebody else. He
took great caution so that nobody would understand his secret plan. After a few months' hard
work, he succeeded in inventing the machine he desired for a long long time.
 n h e i j English 
15
The machine started working and it gave the man complete satisfaction. People from their long
practice would try to say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't mention it, etc. as to
appreciate others or express gratitude. But their tongue could not produce these words. The
machine caught them. It resulted in a huge change in people's behaviour and attitudes. Gradually
people became rough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were blaming each other or
fighting with each other. They became so selfish that they started refusing to help others without
having a return for their service. Love, respect, affections, fellow feelings became some unknown
words and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices.
The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't count on two little girls of special
needs. They had speech difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign language. Since
the machine couldn't steal gestures, these girls continued their previous practices of being kind
and polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and other people which led them to
investigate the reason. After much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in a hideout
on the top of a hill next to the sea with his enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite
words and separating them into letters. The girls found the man taking a nap when they crept up
to the machine and rewound it so that people could get back to their normal behaviour.
As a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters it had gathered into the sky. After
some moments, the letters started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea. After that,
everyone became polite and respectful to each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped,
proving that good manners are .very useful for keeping people together in a spirit of happiness.
[Unit-03, Lesson-2 (C)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1. What would be the closest meaning of fellow-feeling in the last line of the 3rd paragrap
of the passage?
(i) fraternity
(ii) posterity
(iii) popularity
(iv) frailty
___
2. The man invented a device
(i) in a short time
(ii) overnight
(iii) toiling much
(iv) spending a few days
3. Why did he take a great caution to invent the machine?
(i) So that everybody could understand his secret plan.
(ii) So that nobody could understand his secret plan.
(iii) So that anybody would understand his secret plan.
(iv) So that nobody would understand the open secret of his plan.
4. The strange man was extremely_________ at the sight of others happiness.
(i) annoyed
(ii) overjoyed
(iii) jealous
(iv) zealous
5. How many benefits did he calculate from his efforts to invent a device that would steal
polite words?
(i) one
(ii) two
(iii) four
(iv) five
___
6. The man considered all these expressions extravagant.
What is synonym of the word
underlined?
(i) thrifty
(ii) moderate
(iii) wasteful
(iv) useful
7. Why were the two girls used to communicating with sign language?
(i) Because they had speech difficulty.
(ii) Because they were mentally retarded.
(iii) Because they were physically handicapped.
(iv) Because they were feeling shy to speak.
 n h e i j English 
16
8.
What happened to the machine when the girls crept up to the machine and rewound it?
(i) The machine expanded (ii) The machine broke down
(iii) The machine blew up (iv) The machine worked well.
9. Why are good manners very useful?
(i) for making people live in peace and communal harmony
(ii) for making people live in pomp and pleasure
(iii) for keeping people together in a spirit of competition
(iv) for making people aware of social behaviour
10. Where was the wicked man found busy?
(i) in a hideaway place on the top of a hill
(ii) in a hidey on the top of a mountain
(iii) in a hideout on the top of a hall
(iv) in a hideout on the top of a hall
11. What, according to the text, could not the machine steal?
(i) words and expressions of politeness
(ii) body language
(iii) animal language
(iv) literary words and terms
12. 'Please', 'thank you' and 'don't mention it' are ___ expressions.
(i) polite
(ii) rude
(iii) annoying
(iv) angry
13. What was the purpose of inventing the device?
(i) to dominate the people
(ii) to make people impolite and argumentive
(iii) to tech people good manners
(iv) to steal the property of the people
14. What happened when the machine started working?
(i) People could easily say that the words and expressions of politeness.
(ii) People could not say the words and expressions of politeness.
(iii) People could not say anything about the polite handicapped.
(iv) People could say a lot about the expressions of politeness.
15. The man was ____ of his plan.
(i) certain
(ii) suspicious
(iii) unsure
(iv) doubtful
____
16. To the man, all the polite expressions ware
.
(i) practical
(ii) in vain
(iii) worthwhile
(iv) functional
_____
17. The machine had the power
.
(i) to transform the words into sound
(ii) to stop people speaking
(iii) to dispel words
(iv) to control people‘s mind
18. Good relationship among the people made him ____.
(i) happy
(ii) placid
(iii) delighted
(iv) irritated
______
19. When the machine the started functioning, the people lost their
.
(i) speaking power
(ii) happiness
(iii) properties
(iv) strength
___
20. 'Eventually, they were missing from people‘s practices‘.
What does the underlined
word refer to?
(i) love, respect, affection and mercy
(ii) love, respect, affection and fraternity
(iii) love, respect, affection and pity
(iv) love, respect, affection and fear
21. What does the word 'bothered' in the passage refer to?
(i) gratified
(ii) obliged
(iii) upset
(iv) appeased
22. The word 'courteous' mentioned in the passage refer to?
(i) mannerly
(ii) thoughtless
(iii) uncouth
(iv) mannerless
_____
23. The word 'steal' means
.
(i) receive
(ii) pilfer
(iii) stop
(iv) stay
 n h e i j English 
17
24. What is the antonym of the word 'courteous'?
(i) civil
(ii) well-behaved
(iii) rude
(iv) obliging
_____
25. The word 'strange' means
.
(i) unknown
(ii) unfamiliar
(iii) wonderful
(iv) odd
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What were the reasons behind the man's inventing the machine?
Ans: The man had two reasons behind inventing the machine. Firstly, he would get rid of the
hatred he felt to people's polite and courteous behaviour as the machine was intended to steal
people's polite words. Secondly, he wanted to earn money by selling to somebody else the
words stolen by the machine.
(b) How did the machine harm human society?
Ans: The machine harmed the society extremely. When people tried to say polite expressions
like 'thank you', 'so kind of you', 'don't mention it' etc., their tongue failed to produce these
words. The machine caught them. Consequently, people became rough and violent, losing
their mental gracefulness. They often got involved in destructive fight. Love, respect,
affection, etc. were gradually getting lost from the society.
(c) How did the man's machine get destroyed?
Ans: There were two little girls with speech disabilities in the area on whom the machine had
no impact. The girls carried on- their previous practices of being kind and _polite. They
could realize a great gap between them and the rest of the people in society. They discovered
the cause. So, they secretly destroyed the machine by rewinding it. Thus, the men's machine
got destroyed.
(d) How was the man strange from others?
Ans: The man was strange from others in the sense that he was extremely evil-minded. He
did not hesitate to do any harm to people to materialize his own interest. He could not endure
other people's happiness. He was very discourteous and hated other people behaving politely.
(e) "The man was evil to the core." — Do you support it? Why/Why not?
Ans: Yes, I fully support this view. The man's activities and attitudes show him to be a great
evil-doer. He wanted to serve his own purposes by any means. He could not stand other
people's happiness. He was very discourteous and never could bear other people behaving
politely.
(f) "The two little girls were a blessing to the society." — How?
Ans: Yes, the two little girls, with speech disabilities were really a blessing for the society.
When they noticed a great behavioural difference between them and the other people in
society, they began to investigate the reason. Very soon they found that the man's machine
was at the root of this destruction. So, they secretly destroyed the machine and thus saved the
society from getting morally and culturally destroyed.
(g) How did people show politeness and courtesy?
Ans: People showed politeness and courtesy to each other with expressions like 'please',
'thank you' and 'don't mention it'.
(h) What made the man angry?
Ans: People were polite and courteous to each other. They spoke to each other smilingly and
using polite expressions. This kind of behaviour of people made the man angry.
(i) What made the man invent a device to steal words?
Ans: The man was self-centered. He did not like to see other people happy. The polite
expressions used by people irritated him. To him all those words were in vain. So, spending a
lot of time, he invented a device to steal those lovely words.
 n h e i j English 
18
(j) How did the machine change people's attitudes?
Ans: The machine stole all lovely- words that people used as part of their politeness. People
would open their mouths intending to say polite words but nothing came out. The machine
caught those words. Consequently, people lost their spirit. They were always in bad mood,
doing everything reluctantly.
(k) Why could not people produce the kind and polite words?
Ans: Nothing came out from the mouth of people when they intended to say kind and polite
words because the words were caught by the big maeriine. No one noticed the sudden
disappearance of those words.
(l) What was the function of the machine?
Ans: The function of the machine was to steal the lovely words that people used as part of
their politeness.
(m) Why was everyone angry and arguing over the slightest little thing?
Ans: Everyone was angry and arguing over the slightest little thing because the machine
changed people's attitude. They lost their spirit and grew selfish.
(n) Do you think good manners are useful? Give reasons.
Ans: Yes, I think so. Manners and etiquette are indispensable part of our life. Being polite
and courteous is important for keeping people together in peace and harmony. Absence of
good manners makes us selfish and rude.
(o) Name some of the polite expressions mentioned in the text.
Ans: Some of the polite expressions mentioned in the text are 'please', 'thank you' and 'don't
mention it'.
(p) What do you know of the strange man?
Ans: The strange man was a man of peculiar disposition. He was annoyed at the sight of
people around him in a pleasant mood.
(q) How did the man view the expressions of politeness?
Ans: The man took a negative view of the expressions of politeness: In fact, he hated the
expressions like 'please', 'thank you', 'don't mention it', etc.
(r) Why did he invent a machine which would steal all the good words?
Ans: He invented a machine which would steal all the good words for two reasons. In the
first place, he would get rid of his aversion to people's polite behaviour and secondly, he
would earn money by selling to others the good words stolen by the machine.
(s) How did the machine change people's attitudes?
Ans: The machine changed the people's attitudes by stealing the good words. People could
not produce- the words of politeness because they were caught by the machine. Thus, people
became rough and tough and selfish.
(t) Why didn't the man count on two little girls of special needs?
Ans: The man didn't count on two little girls of special needs because. of their speech
difficulty. They could not talk. They communicated by using body language. So, he thought
they would be no problem for him or for his machine.
(u) Where did the girls find the wicked man and in what condition?
Ans: The two girls found the wicked man in a hideout on the top of a hill next to the sea with
his enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words and separating them into
letters. The wicked an was at that time taking a nap.
(v) How did the girls bring back people to their normal behaviour?
Ans: The girls crept up to the machine and rewound it to make it ineffective for stealing good
and lovely words so that people could come back to their normal behaviour.
 n h e i j English 
19
(w) What did the good manners prove?
Ans: Good manners proved that they are very useful for keeping people together . in a spirit
of happiness and harmony.
(x) What happened when the machine exploded?
Ans: When the machine exploded, it lost its power to capture and retain the lovely words of
politeness. People got back their habit of expressing good words of politeness and kindness.
They became respectful to each other.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Once upon a time, there was a strange man .............. they were missing from people's practices.]
Who/What
Event
Why/When
How/Where
The strange man felt bothered
(i) –––
He
hated a few expressions of (ii) ––
–
His plan
was to steal the polite words
(iii) –––
The machine
(iv) –––
in people's behaviour
and attitude
(v) –––
became unknown and eventually
from people's
were missing
practices
 Ans: (i) when he saw people in happiness; (ii) politeness; (iii) by inventing 'a machine; (iv)
brought about a huge change; (v) The words like love, respect, affection and fellow-feelings.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart highlighting the traits of the strange man. (one is
done for you)
[Once upon a time, there was a strange man .............. they were missing from people's practices.]
1. Highly, bothered to
see others' happiness

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
Highly,
Thinking of
Apathetic to
bothered to 


his own
people's polite
see others'
interest only
behaviour
happiness
4.
Greedy and impolite
5.
6.
Inventing
Cautious,
 machine 
scornful and
with an evil
hardworking
plan
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the reasons that made the man invent a
word-stealing machine. (one is done for you)
[Once upon a time, there was a strange man .............. they were missing from people's practices.]
1. Being self-centered
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Being selfcentered
2.
Geeting


relieved of his
apathy
3.
Earning
money
6.
4.
5.
Getting rid of
Considering polite
Gaining
sight of



expressions extravagant
complete
people in
and useless
satisfaction
pleasant
mood
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the impact of the machine on people.
(one is done for you)
[Once upon a time, there was a strange man .............. they were missing from people's practices.]
1.
Drove away words of
polite expressions
 n h e i j English 

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
20
 Ans:
1.
2.
5.
6.
Drove away
3.
4.
Brought huge change
Started
Became selfish
words of 
 Became rough  Lost their 

in people's attitudes
blaming one
doing nothing
polite
and tough
mental cool
and behaviour
another
without return
expressions
(iv) Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[The man was terribly happy with his success .............. people together in a spirit of happiness.]
Who/What
Event
Why/When
How/Where
The man
(i) –––
being successful in his mission
(ii) –––
were not counted on
They
(iii) –––
speech difficulty
with sign language
The two girls
discovered (iv) –––
after much toiling
in a hideout
(v) –––
stopped
people started living together
in a spirit of happiness
 Ans: (i) was happy; (ii) The two girls with speech-difficulty; (iii) overcame; (iv) the wicked man
in a hideout; (v) Anger and arguments.
(v) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing how two girls of special needs helped
people get back to their normal life. (one is done for you)
[The man was terribly happy with his success .............. people together in a spirit of happiness.]
1.
Realised the difference
between them and other
people

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Realised the
3.
2.
difference
Discovered
 Investigated 
between them
the wicked
the reason
and other
man
people

4.
Found an enormous
machine
5.
6.
 Crept up to  Rewound the'
the machine
machine
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) Once upon a time, there was a strange man who was highly bothered to see others' happiness. His
own personal interest was at any cost important to him. Neither was he a polite man, nor did he
like other people to be polite to each other. In fact, he hated the courteous and polite people
around him and thus he hated a few expressions like please, thank you, don't mention it, etc. It
troubled him a lot when people around were smiling to use these expressions.
The man considered all these expressions extravagant. So, he took a mission to invent a device
that would steal these polite words. He calculated two benefits from his efforts. One, people won't
use these words and thus he would be relieved of his apathy to people's polite behaviour and the
second one was earning money by selling the words stolen by the machine to somebody else. He
took great caution so that nobody would understand his secret plan. After a few months' hard
work, he succeeded in inventing the machine he desired for a long long time.
The machine started working and it gave the man complete satisfaction. People from their long
practice would try to say — thank you, so kind of you, my pleasure, don't mention it, etc. as to
appreciate others or express gratitude. But their tongue could not produce these words. The
machine caught them. It resulted in a huge change in people's behaviour and attitudes. Gradually
 n h e i j English 
21
people became rough and tough, they lost their mental cool, they were blaming each other or
fighting with each other. They became so selfish that they started refusing to help others without
having a return for their service. Love, respect, affections, fellow feelings became some unknown
words and, eventually, they were missing from people's practices.
 Ans:
Once there was a wicked man who hated the kind and polite people around him. Being apathetic
to people's polite behaviour, he invented a machine to steal the words and expressions of
politeness and kindness. Consequently, people became rough and tough and selfish. Love,
respect, affection and fellow-feelings were missing from people's practices.
(ii) The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't count on two little girls of special
needs. They had speech difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign language. Since
the machine couldn't steal gestures, these girls continued their previous practices of being kind
and polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and other people which led them to
investigate the reason. After much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in a hideout
on the top of a hill next to the sea with his enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite
words and separating them into letters. The girls found the man taking a nap when they crept up
to the machine and rewound it so that people could get back to their normal behaviour.
As a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters it had gathered into the sky. After
some moments, the letters started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea. After that,
everyone became polite and respectful to each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped,
proving that good manners are very useful for keeping people together in a spirit of happiness.
 Ans:
The machine could not steal the sign language. The two girls with speech difficulty continued
their practices of being kind and polite. Finding the difference between them and other people, the
girls started investigating the reason. They crept up to the machine and rewound it and as a result,
people got back their lost words. They became polite and respectful to one another once again.
Thus, it was understood that good manners are very useful for keeping people together in
happiness.
Seen Passage-05
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
A plate of hot French fries and a huge burger with hot cheese oozing out of it, with a carbonated
drink: looks like a treat! This calorie-rich junk food does look mouthwatering but is known to be
nutritionally poor. Junk food or fast food has become an increasingly popular food choice.
Ideally, junk foods are defined as processed foods with negligible nutrient value and are often
high in salt, sugar and fat. But we often confuse fast foods with juffic-foods. How are they
different? Or what is junk food really?
Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad
umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you
are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician &
Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary
desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritionalvalue but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered-junk foods. Though not all fast
foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food, but is
definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate may junk and
healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."
 n h e i j English 
22
Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and
processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among
other chronic health _problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay
the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the
brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result
in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack
of nourishment.
Unit-03, Lesson-3 (E)
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1. The popularity of fast food is ____ .
(i) rising
(ii) declining
(iii) waning
(iv) shrinking
2. Which of the following best describes junk food?
(i) ideal foods
(ii) highly nutrient
(iii) artificially treated (iv) defatted foods
_____
3. The best synonym of 'mouthwatering' is
.
(i) stale
(ii) tempting
(iii) insipid
(iv) unsavory
4. What does the word 'popular' in the passage mean?
(i) dear
(ii) costly
(iii) favourite
(iv) expensive
____
5. The correct meaning of the word 'negligible' is
(i) insignificant
(ii) consequential
(iii) meaningful
(iv) substantial
6. What is the purpose of using cheese?
(i) to see the burger lucrative
(ii) to make the burger tasty
(iii) to make the burger spicy
(iv) to make the burger hot
7. What type of drink is mentioned in the set menu?
(i) alcoholic beverage
(ii) non-alcoholic beverage
(iii) intoxicant beverage
(iv) perfect beverage
8. This calorie dense junk food does look mouth-watering. What does it refer to?
(i) Junk food looks like splashing water on mouth
(ii) Junk food looks like mouthful of water
(iii) Junk food fills the watery mouth with calorie
(iv) Junk food looks appealing.
9. Which of the following statements is not true according to the context?
(i) People are often baffled in distinguishing between fast foods and junk foods
(ii) People are often puzzled out to make difference between fast food and junk foods.
(iii) People hardly confuse fast foods with junk foods.
(iv) Very often people fail to make distinction between fast foods and junk foods.
10. Junk foods comprise _____
(i) excessive calorie
(ii) low calorie
(iii) moderate calorie
(iv) limited calorie
11. How do junk foods look?
(i) appealing and trifling
(ii) pleasing and repelling
(iii) alluring and revolting
(iv) charming and pleasing
12. Which of the following is true?
(i) Junk food is homemade
(ii) Junk food is a domestic product
(iii) Junk food is prepared from fresh fruits and vegetables.
(iv) Junk food is commercially produced food.
 n h e i j English 
23
13. What kind of food is dessert?
(i) spicy
(ii) acidic
(iii) sugary
(iv) snowy
14. How many foods and beverage has Dr. Sharma mentioned?
(i) 7
(ii) 8
(iii) 9
(iv) 10
15. Which of the following is correct?
(i) All fast foods are junk foods.
(ii) All junk foods are fast foods.
(iii) A great number of junk foods are fast foods.
(iv) A great number of fast foods are junk foods.
16. Salad is an example of _____.
(i) fast food
(ii) junk food
(iii) spicy food
(iv) ideal food
17. Which of the following is incorrect?
(i) Frequent consumption of junk food may lead to cardiovascular
(ii) Fast food has become an increasingly popular food choice
(iii) Junk food is detrimental to health.
(iv) Both junk food and fast food are healthy.
18. Which of the following food groups may be altered?
(i) burgers, pizzas and candy
(ii) pizzas, tacos and gum
(iii) burgers, tacos and snack
(iv) tacos, pizzas and burgers
19. Frequent consumption of junk food develops the vulnerability to _____.
(i) COVID – 19
(ii) heart attack
(iii) tuberculosis
(iv) diarrhoea
______
20. The ultimate obesity results in
.
(i) cardiac arrest
(ii) food poisoning
(iii) permanent damage of brain
(iv) cancer
21. Which of the following is comparable to eating junk food?
(i) smoking cigarette
(ii) taking heroin
(iii) drinking alcohol
(iv) consuming drug
22. What is the purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) to advertise junk food
(ii) to publicize fast food
(iii) to let the reader know how to prepare junk food
(iv) to highlight the bad effects of junk food.
23. 'French fries' refers to _____ .
(i) fries imported from France
(ii) fries exported to France
(iii) a strip of potatoes typically cooked by being fried in deep fat
(iv) pieces of chicken fried in deep fat until brown
24. The word 'treat' in line 2 could be best replaced by _____.
(i) behaviour
(ii) street
(iii) care
(iv) entertainment
_____
25. The word ‗confuse‘ means
.
(i) straighten
(ii) puzzle
(iii) array
(iv) regulate
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) Junk foods are becoming increasingly popular nowadays. Describe the reasons behind it.
Ans: Various types of junk food are now manufactured with various ingredients. They are
rich in salt, sugar and fat and are very attractive and tasty. So, they are becoming increasingly
popular nowadays.
 n h e i j English 
24
(b) What are the characteristics of junk foods?
Ans: Junk foods are processed foods having high calories. They are rich in salt, sugar and fat.
They are very delicious to eat but pernicious to health in many ways.
(c) Mention some junk foods-, referring to their characteristics.
Ans: Some junk foods are burger, salted snack foods, chewing gum; candy, sugary desserts,
fried fast food pizzas, tacos and carbonated beverages. They being rich in calories, salt and
fats are very tasty but nutritionally very poor.
(d) How can foods including fast foods become nutritious or junk foods?
Ans: All fast foods are not junk foods though many of them are. For example, a salad may be
fast food but is certainly nutritious and not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and
tacos may be junk or nutritious foods on the basis of their ingredients, calories and the
process of manufacturing.
(e) How does frequent consumption of junk food become a cause of cardiovascular diseases
and heart attack?
Ans: Due to frequent consumption of junk food, excess fat, simple carbohydrates and
processed sugar get accumulated in our body, leading to obesity and cardiovascular diseases
among other chronic health problems. The consequent obesity may cause obstruction in the
arteries, thus laying the basis of an impending heart attack.
(f) How can junk foods be comparable to addictive drugs? How does addiction to junk
food cause malnutrition?
Ans: Junk foods can be comparable to addictive drugs in the sense that junk foods affect the
brain like the addictive drugs. Frequent taking of junk foods. leads to addiction to these
foods. And this addiction results in rejection of nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, salad,
etc. and consequently people concerned suffer from malnutrition.
(g) What looks like a treat?
Ans: A set menu including hot French fries and a molten cheese stuffed burger with soda
water locks like a treat.
(h) What do junk foods lack in?
Ans: Junk foods are high in calories, sugar and fat, but lack in important nutrients like fiber,
vitamins and minerals. They are thought to be a key component in the obesity and a driving
force of developing certain chronic diseases.
(i) How is junk food prepared?
Ans: Junk food is prepared using a lot of fat, sugar and salt. Potato chips, candy and soft
drinks are often considered junk food.
(j) What do people often confuse?
Ans: People often confuse fast foods with junk foods. They think that both are the same. But
all fast foods are not junk foods.
(k) What is junk food?
Ans: Junk food is proces8ed food consisting of high calories, salt and fat with little or no
nutritional value. They are tasty but rather harmful to health.
(l) How many commercially produced foods are mentioned by Dr. Sharma? What are
they?
Ans: Dr. Sharma has mentioned nine items of commercially produced foods. They are salted
snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, sweetened carbonated
beverages, burgers, pizzas and tacos.
 n h e i j English 
25
(m) What are the ingredients used in carbonated beverages?
Ans: The ingredients used in carbonated beverages are water, carbon dioxide, sweeteners,
flavouring, colours and acids.
(n) How are calories calculated?
Ans: Calorie is the amount of energy that is required to raise the temperature of one mL
(which is also one gram), of water by one degree celsius. Calories are a unit of energy and
grams are a unit of weight.
(o) Can you distinguish between fast food and junk food?
Ans: Fast food is a type of food that we get from a restaurant designed to deliver the order in
the quickest possible way. Junk food is food with extremely low nutritional value, sometimes
called rich in 'empty calories'.
(p) How is salad healthy?
Ans: Salad contains vitamin A, vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, folate, fiber and
phytonutrients. It is healthy as, it does not contain unhealthy cholesterol.
(q) What are the consequences of frequently eating junk food?
Ans: Frequently eating junk food increases the risk of obesity which results in heart diseases
and other chronic health problems.
(r) How does obesity cause heart attack?
Ans: Obesity leads to fatty material building up in the arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels
that carry blood to organs. The arteries that carry blood to heart get damaged and clogged
because of obesity which leads to heart attack.
(s) Can you make relationship between junk food and drug?
Ans: Junk food stimulates the nervous system in the brain in the same way as addictive
drugs. Moreover, people eating junk food are led to addictions, which shares the same
biological basis as drug addiction.
(t) How does addiction to junk food damage one's health?
Ans: Addiction to junk food leads to increasing risks of obesity and chronic disease,
cardiovascular disease. It also causes aversion. to eating healthier foods.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Junk foods are processed foods consisting of ....................... further lack of nourishment.]
Who/What
Event/Activity
Where
When/How
Junk foods
contain
(i) –––
These foods
allure us
(ii) –––
Commercial products having
may be considered
(iii) –––
no or little nutritional value
Consumption of junk food
causes
(iv) –––
Eating junk food
is compared to
(v) –––
both of them affect the
brain in the same way
 Ans: (i) high calories; (ii) by their appealing look and pungent taste; (iii) junk cardiovascular
diseases; (v) consuming addictive drugs.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the list of junk food. (one is done for
you)
[Junk foods are processed foods consisting of ....................... further lack of nourishment.]
1. Snack
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 n h e i j English 
26
 Ans:
1.
Snack

2.
Gum

3.
Candy

4.
Sugary desserts

5.

Burgers
6.
Pizzas
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the frequent consumption and effects of
junk food. (one is done for you)
[Junk foods are processed foods consisting of ....................... further lack of nourishment.]
1. Excess fat
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
6.
2.
3.
5.
1.
4.
Chronic
Simple

 Processed 
 Cardiovascular 
Excess fat
Obesity
health
carbohydrates
sugar
diseases
problems
3. Summarize the following text.
Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad
umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you
are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician &
Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary
desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritionalvalue but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered-junk foods. Though not all fast
foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food, but is
definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas and tacos may alternate may junk and
healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."
Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and
processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among
other chronic health _problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay
the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the
brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in
the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack of
nourishment.
 Ans:
Junk foods comprise high calories. These artificially made foods look charming and appetizing.
These foods are prepared commercially ignoring the nutritive value. Frequent taking of these
foods leads to obesity. Obesity leads to fatty material building. up in the arteries. The damaged
arteries increase the risk of heart attack. Moreover, junk foods damage the brain. Addiction to
junk foods results in aversion to taking healthier foods.
Seen Passage-06
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a
period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life
styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period
which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh;
13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination
within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage,
 n h e i j English 
27
marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability
to violence and sexual abuse.
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of
adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19.
Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families
tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of
adolescence and young adulthood.
Unit-04, Lesson-2 (B-i,ii&iii)
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
Adolescence is a ––– period from childhood to adulthood
(i) constant
(ii) transitional
(iii) rigid
(iv) fixed
2.
The synonym of 'legal' is –––.
(i) illicit
(ii) banned
(iii) prohibited
(iv) lawful
3.
The word 'economic' can be replace by –––.
(i) monetary
(ii) economical
(iii) cheap
(iv) financed
4.
What could be the closest meaning of the word 'constitute' in the first sentence?
(i) take
(ii) from
(iii) add
(iv) make
5.
The phrase 'take place ' in the second sentence stands for –––.
(i) occur
(ii) recur
(iii) go to a place
(iv) all of them
6.
The synonym of 'affluent' is –––.
(i) destitute
(ii) poor
(iii) poverty
(iv) well off
7.
What could be the closest meaning of the word 'core' in the first sentence?
(i) alternative
(ii) subsidiary
(iii) central
(iv) minor
8.
The phrase 'leads to' in the passage refers to –––.
(i) results of
(ii) results in
(iii) results from
(iv) results to
9.
The word 'marginalization' refers to –––.
(i) holding a lot of power
(ii) holding no power
(iii) boldness in decision making
(iv) having sympathy for others
10. The transition from childhood to adulthood takes place in life –––.
(i) during childhood
(ii) in adolescence
(iii) at various stages to growth
(iv) when they get maturity
11. What could be the closest meaning of the word 'exclusion' used in line 8?
(i) inclusion
(ii) addition
(iii) execution
(iv) leaving out
12. The word 'inequality' means –––.
(i) disparity
(ii) indomitable
(iii) equality
(iv) indulgent
13. WHO works for –––.
(i) mass education
(ii) public health
(iii) accommodation
(iv) housing
14. The word 'vulnerability' in the passage means –––.
(i) weakness
(ii) resistance
(iii) defiance
(iv) challenge
15. What does the expression "Adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girl's and
boys 'lives' mean (in line 3 & 4)?
(i) Adolescence is the forming period of the juveniles.
(ii) Adolescence hardly affects the lives of the youngsters.
(iii) Adolescence help the teenagers stay young.
(iv) both i & ii
16. 'Legal' could be replace by –––.
(i) appropriate
(ii) expected
(iii) legitimate
(iv) actual
 n h e i j English 
28
17.
In which time the shapes of future of boys' and girls' lives are developed?
(i) in the period of childhood
(ii) in the period of adolescence
(iii) in the period of old age
(iv) both i & ii
18. What is supposed to be the gateway between childhood and adulthood?
(i) family
(ii) society
(iii) adolescence
(iv) adolescent
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is the condition of adolescent girls in Bangladesh?
Ans: The condition of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is very miserable. They are victims of
inequality and subordination within the family and society.
(b) What are the consequences of gender inequality in Bangladesh?
Ans: The consequences of gender inequality in Bangladesh are very serious. This inequality
results in widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health,
education and economic opportunities and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
(c) Which factors influence a girl's marriage?
Ans: The factors of wealth and education greatly influence a girl's marriage. A girl with
higher level of education and from a wealthy family tends to marry at a later age.
(d) Can you guess the reasons of inequality and subordination of adolescent girls in the
family and society?
Ans: Yes, I can guess the reasons of inequality and subordination of adolescent girls in the
family and society. Because of gender discrimination, adolescent girls are marginalized and
they become vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence.
(e) Why is adolescence an important period of life?
Ans: Adolescence is important because this period shapes the future of girls' or boys' lives.
(f) What do the adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face?
Ans: The adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face inequality and subordination within the
family and society.
(g) How do wealth and education influence a girl's marriage?
Ans: A girl with higher level of education and from a more affluent family tends to marry at
a later age. Thus, wealth and education greatly influence a girl's marriage.
(h) How can you define adolescence?
Ans: Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place
and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped.
(i) Why are the adolescents important?
Ans: Adolescents are important because they make up a nation's key resource for its
development and growth.
(j) When are behaviours and lifestyles shaped?
Ans: Our behaviours and lifestyles are shaped in adolescence.
(k) "The situation of adolescent girls is characterized by inequality and subordination
within the family, and society." Explain the statement in 2/ 3 sentences.
Ans: The situation of adolescent girls in our country is deplorable. They are thought to have
been a burden in the houses of both their parents and in-laws. So, they are also maltreated in
society as a whole. Their births even are unwelcomed.
(l) What is the particular period of life discussed in the passage?
Ans: In the passage, adolescence, the prime portion of human life, aging from 13 to 18 years
is discussed.
 n h e i j English 
29
(m) How is the situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh characterized?
Ans: The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterized by inequality and
subordination within the family and society.
(n) What is the notion of WHO towards adolescence?
Ans: In the opinion of World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a very important
period in human life. Being the gateway between childhood and adulthood, this period
shapes the future of boys' and girls' lives.
(o) From your reading of the 1st paragraph, describe the role of adolescence girls in the
family and society?
Ans: Adolescent girls are subjected to inequality and subordination in the family and society.
They are born in an unwelcome environment. Parents think them to be a burden. This
mentality leads to child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and
economic opportunities. This also paves the way for vulnerability to violence and sexual
abuse.
(p) What does this inequality lead to?
Ans: This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or
exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence
and sexual abuse.
(q) What does WHO say about adolescence?
Ans: In the opinion of World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a very important
period in human life. Being the gateway between childhood and adulthood, this period
shapes the future of boys' and girls lives.
(r) "Adolescents constitute a national renewal and growth." Do you agree?
Ans: Yes, I agree to the expression. Because, according to WHO, adolescence is the period
of life which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in
Bangladesh. Of them, 13.7 million are girls and 14.3 million boys. So, adolescents constitute
a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth.
(s) Why do you think the boys get married only after several years of adolescence and
young adulthood?
Ans: From their birth, the boys in our society are highly evaluated. Especially in the poor and
illiterate families boys are considered to be an asset. Parents do not get concerned about their
early marriage, because they start earning money as desired by their parents. I think, lack of
pressure from their parents leads them to get married at a later stage, after several years of
adolescence and young adulthood.
(t) Who usually marry at a later age?
Ans: Adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to
marry at a later age.
(u) What is the real condition of marriage of adolescent girls in Bangladesh?
Ans: The real condition of marriage of adolescent girls is pitiable in Bangladesh. Although
the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls, the irony is that 33 per cent of adolescent girls are
married before the age of 15 and after marriage, 60 per cent of them become mothers by the
age of 19.
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30
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource .......... years of adolescence and young adulthood]
What/ Who
Event/ Occurrence
Why / How
When / Where
Adolescents
constitute a nation's core
(i) .................
to national renewal
resource
and growth
(ii) ..............
takes place from childhood
through changing
in adolescence
to adulthood
shapes
The situation of
is characterized
(iii) ..............
Bangladesh
adolescent girls
Adolescent girls
face many adverse
(iv) ............
Bangladesh
situations
Adolescent boys
(v) ............
educated and affluent at a later age
 Ans: (i) for their contribution; (ii) Transition; (iii) by inequality and subordination; (iv) due to
inequality in treatment; (v) tend to marry.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the situation of adolescent girls in
Bangladesh. (one is done for you)
[Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource .......... years of adolescence and young adulthood]
1. Inequality and
subordination

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
Inequality
Victim
of
Exclusion
from 


and
child marriage
health care
subordination
4.
Lack of
education
6.
5.
Vulnerability to
Deprivation of

 violence and
economic
sexual abuse
opportunities
3. Summarize the above passage.
 Ans: Adolescents are resources for national growth. Adolescence is a transition period. Future
shapes of life take place in this period. But the condition of millions of adolescents, specially
girls, is pitiable in Bangladesh. Girls become the victim of inequality, subordination, early
marriage, violence, sexual abuse, etc. Even 33 per cent of girls being married off before 15,
become mothers at 19.
Seen Passage-07
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is
known as meditation. It is an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an
approach to training the body. Voltaire explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in
eternal awareness or pure consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking,
merging finitude in infinity."
From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some religious traditions as 'a way of
achieving the body's release from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony.
Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus.
There are trainers who help beginners with some exercises such as improved breathing and
progressive relaxation. One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration.
To develop concentration one needs to focus on a sin le point. Since focusing the mind is
challenging, a beginner might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to longer
durations.
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31
Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. It increases the thinking ability of
human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice
meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood
circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, meditation improves creativity, selfawareness and tolerance.
[Unit-03, Lesson-4 (D)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
Which of the following is not a feature of meditation?
(i) serene thoughts
(ii) careful thinking
(iii) switching on the mind clock
(iv) merging with the mob
______
2.
Meditation mostly brings about
fitness.
(i) psychological
(ii) physical
(iii) carnal
(iv) exercise
_____
3.
'Focusing the mind is challenging'. The underlined word refers to
.
(i) taxing
(ii) smooth
(iii) manageable
(iv) undemanding
_____
4.
'Relentless' is closest in meaning to
.
(i) unremitting
(ii) stoppable
(iii) cessant
(iv) useless
5.
What does 'dissolution of thoughts' imply?
(i) flow of thoughts
(ii) concentration of thoughts
(iii) suspension of thoughts
(iv) disintegration of thoughts
_____
6.
Meditation improves everything but
.
(i) focus
(ii) concentration
(iii) interactions
(iv) emotions
7.
Which one of the following is not true about meditation?
(i) It is an age old practice
(ii) It was prescribed in scriptures
(iii) It rectifies cardiovascular system
(iv) It deteriorates awareness.
_____
8.
Meditation trains up
.
(i) the psyche
(ii) the physique
(iii) the body
(iv) the limbs
9.
How does meditation lead a person to infinity?
(i) through the realm of the subconscious
(ii) through the realm of the conscious
(iii) through the realm of the unconscious
(iv) through disrupting neurotransmitters
10. In 'Blood circulation', the word 'blood' is a/an _____ .
(i) noun
(ii) adjective
(iii) verb
(iv) adverb
____
11. Meditation should be started with
(i) respiratory practice (ii) mindful thoughts
(iii) emptying the mind (iv) concentration on a single point
12. Meditation can be mastered _____
(i) very slowly
(ii) by degrees
(iii) rashly
(iv) in a very deep manner
13. Which of the following assumptions weakens the author‘s argument?
(i) Meditation extends longevity
(ii) Meditation removes negative energies
(iii Religious people barely practice meditation.
(iv) Every work is eased by meditation
14. Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens the author's argument?
(i) Meditation does not cure any disease but improves our mind
(ii) Meditation decreases hypertension
(iii) Meditation slows down rationality
(iv) Voltaire disapproves of this discipline
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32
15. Meditation was explored first by ______
(i) scientific research
(ii) saintly people
(iii) sacrilegious section
(iv) philosopher voltaire
_____
16. The outcome of cognitive focus is
(i) restlessness
(ii) anxiety
(iii) calmness
(iv) passion
____
17. Regular practice of meditation for cardiac disease is
(i) essential
(ii) obligatory
(iii) complementary
(iv) mandatory
18. How does a person meditate?
(i) by concentrating on a single object
(ii) by clattering his/her mind
(iii) by only closing his/her eyes
(iv) (ii) and (iii)
19. Which one of the following contradicts the author‘s ideas?
(i) A novice should meditate for longer periods
(ii) Meditation might aid in physical ailment.
(iii) Meditation is beneficial for all ages.
(iv) Meditation helps people to obtain their objectives.
20. Which one of the following weakness the author‘s proposition?
(i) Meditation should be part of daily life.
(ii) Many people do not improve their focus by meditation
(iii) Gurus can meditate as long as they wish
(iv) Building up concentration is one of the goals of meditation.
21. What is the main purpose of the author?
(i) to introduce the raders of meditation
(ii) to describe positive and negative aspects of meditation
(iii) to preface and highlight the significance of meditation
(iv) to support meditation as a cure for different diseases
22. Meditation may not improve _____
(i) the respiratory system
(ii) the eyesight
(iii) work focus
(iv) cognitive function
23. Meditation is not synonymous with –––.
(i) reflection
(ii) contemplation
(iii) musing
(iv) mediation
24. The phrase 'consciousness without objectification' can be replaced in the passage by____
(i) ideation
(ii) randomisation
(iii) concentration
(iv) purification
25. 'Finitude' refers to ____
(i) eternity
(ii) subjection
(iii) multitude
(iv) boundedness
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is meditation? Why is meditation important for everyone?
Ans: Meditation is the practice of thinking,— deeply in silence in order to make mind calm.
Meditation is important for everyone because it builds up physical as well as mental fitness.
Moreover, it facilitates daily activities by enhancing concentration on work:
(b) "Meditation improves mental fitness." — Do you agree? Explain.
Ans: Yes, meditation improves' mental fitness by increasing the capacity to focus. Moreover,
it helps the meditator to work for longer periods in his real life.
(c) "Meditation is an elixir—a cure for all diseases." — Do you agree? Give your opinions.
Ans: No, meditation is not an elixir, a cure for all diseases but it can certainly help with many
health conditions. It cannot cure everything 'but it can alleviate psychological and physical
problems.
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33
(d) What is the role of meditation in balancing emotional impulses?
Ans: The role of meditation in balancing emotional impulses is great. It soothes the mind and
helps to gain control over negative energies such as anger, jealousy, hatred and fear.
(e) Does meditation assist in achieving the goals of life? How?
Ans: Yes, meditation assists in achieving the goals of life. Since it removes disturbances
from our mind, we can better focus on our aims as regards what to do and how to do.
(f) Who first innovated meditative practice?
Ans: Religious people and saints innovated meditative practice.
(g) Why did people practise meditation in the past?
Ans: In the past, people practised meditation so 'that they could' achieve objectives of their.
life. Furthermore, through meditation, they performed spiritual healing.
(h) How can one master develop the art of meditation?
Ans: One can master/develop the art of meditation by gradual practice. S/he should increase
the time of focus and keep practising by closing the eyes.
(i) In which way does meditation improve breathing capacity?
Ans: Meditation improves breathing capacity by the exercise of inhaling and exhaling
gradually and steadily.
(j) Explain Voltaire's definition of meditation in your own words.
Ans: According to Voltaire, meditation dissolves our thoughts to gain purity of
consciousness. It is, thus, a process of self-knowledge and an understanding of the infinite
universe.
(k) "Meditation promotes concentration." Do you agree on this point?
Ans: Yes, meditation promotes concentration. It does so by approaching the realm of
awareness and by increasing the control over our roaming mind.
(l) "Meditation is a special type of mental exercise." — Elaborate.
Ans: Meditation is, indeed, a special type of mental exercise since it promotes, the wellbeing of the mind as well as the body. It is also an exercise which increases blood
circulation.
(m) How does meditation bring control over everyday realities?
Ans: Meditation brings control over everyday realities by developing multithinking 'ability of
the brain.
(n) Which one, do you think, is the most beneficial aspect of meditation? Why?
Ans: I think the most beneficial aspect of meditation is physical soundness achieved by
mental calmness. This is because stress is the root cause of many health problems which we
can overcome by meditation.
(o) How does meditation help to reduce mental stress?
Ans: Meditation reduces mental stress by promoting calmness in our mind. It, thus, provides
peace to support wellness.
(p) What are the physiological benefits of meditation?
Ans: The physiological benefits of meditation are i that it helps smooth circulation of blood.
Furthermore, it prevents cardiovascular and psychotic diseases.
 n h e i j English 
34
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[The act of thinking deeply and calmly ............. creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.]
Who/What
Event/Occurrences
Why/When
How
Meditation
is an act of thinking
in a state of heightened
(i) –––
awareness
(ii) –––
explains meditation
long ago
Meditation
has become part of religious tradition (iii) –––
People
practise meditation
(iv) –––
Meditation
brings a state of calmness
(v) –––
 Ans: (i) deeply and calmly; (ii) Voltaire; (iii) from ancient times; (iv) to reduce stress and tension;
(v) by releasing anxiety.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing how meditation can be picked up (one is
done for you)
[The act of thinking deeply and calmly ............. creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.]
1. Improved breathing
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Improved
breathing

2.
Progressive
relaxation

3.
Gradual
concentration

4.
5.
Clearing up the  Single point 
mind
focusing
6.
Mind
focusing
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing important features/characteristics of
mediation. (one is done for you)
[The act of thinking deeply and calmly ............. creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.]
1. Focused attention
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Focused
attention

2.
Improved
breathing
3.
 Progressive 
relaxation
4.
Anxiety
release

5.
Blood circulation
improvement
6.
 Creativity
development
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the benefits of meditation. (one is done
for you)
[The act of thinking deeply and calmly ............. creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.]
1. Releases anxiety 
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.




 Ans:
1.
Releases
anxiety
2.
3.
Increases
 Brings a state of 

calmness
thinking ability
4.
Increases
stamina

5.
Improves blood
circulation

6.
Improves
creativity
3. Summarize the above passage.
 Ans: The act of deep and quiet thinking is meditation. It is an approach to psychological fitness. It
has become religious traditions from time immemorial. In fact, it lessens stress and tension.
Moreover, it develops concentration, brings quietness, and controls emotions. It also maximizes
the brain's capacity. Therefore, everybody should practise meditations for achieving sound health
and unique qualities of human life.
Seen Passage-08
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the
ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and
 n h e i j English 
35
do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for
ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage
our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know
more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the
deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows.
The fast thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the
development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and
make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our
community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active
member of the community and work for its welfare.
Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect
and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of
life we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal,
teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise
these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills
that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education
also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangle poem tells us that
nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation:
The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that,
combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future. [Unit-12, Lesson-1 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
The function of education is –––.
(i) to enable us to earn a lot
(ii) to enrich our knowledge
(iii) to make our life meaningful
(iv) to give us knowledge and capabilities needed to judge things rationally
2.
Education provides us with the qualities –––.
(i) to make our life meaningful by taking wise decisions in the course of it
(ii) to make us thoughtful
(iii) to be sociable and fashionable
(iv) to occupy powerful position in society
3.
' to decide things rationally' means –––.
(i) to judge things reasonably and take wise decisions
(ii) to take rational attitude to our social and national life
(iii) to develop good debating power
(iv) to judge things independently
4.
The best synonym of the word 'conflict' is –––.
(i) harmony
(ii) struggle
(iii) peace
(iv) discord
5.
The word 'intellect' stands for –––.
(i) knowledge
(ii) cleverness
(iii) intelligence
(iv) sense
6.
Why is education necessary?
(i) It makes us respectable in society
(ii) It makes us strong in our judgment.
(iii) It makes us fashionable
(iv) It makes us enable to get good jobs
7.
Abilities to judge thing properly and take right decision are the products of –––.
(i) our cultural inheritance
(ii) good education
(iii) meaningful life
(iv) rational power
 n h e i j English 
36
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Education enables us –––.
(i) to communicate with others in English
(ii) to work for the development of our family
(iii) to enjoy the beautiful things on earth
(iv) to take decisions independently
Education gives us ability to distinguish –––.
(i) between good and evil
(ii) beauty and bounties of nature
(iii) friends and foes
(iv) love and hatred
Failure to maintain social values gives rise to –––.
(i) social development
(ii) social upliftment
(iii) conflict or contempt among people
(iv) suspicion in people
Our personality becomes developed owing to
(i) our being aware of ourselves
(ii) living in good society
(iii) familial culture
(iv) studying at good schools
After starting school, we gradually –––.
(i) become bored and depressed
(ii) get mentally connected to our school and classmates
(iii) develop patriotic feeling in us
(iv) learn to love our country and people
Education develops ––– to our school, people at school and at last to our country.
(i) our sense of getting connected
(ii) our hatred or dislike
(iii) our love and respectful attitude
(iv) our spirit to go
Love for people of the country and spirit to work for their betterment –––.
(i) emanate from education
(ii) evolve from ancestors
(iii) develop owing to mental elevation
(iv) originate from religious education
Which one of the following is true about education?
(i) It gives freedom to our potentials to get fully developed
(ii) It ensures our cultural and religious development
(iii) It teaches us to respect all people.
(iv) It creates human variation.
Due to our developed, reasonable power and ability to solve problems of life, we –––.
(i) become powerful in society
(ii) can become highly educated
(iii) become creative in social life
(iv) become rich and happy
Education is –––.
(i) not retrogressive and conservative
(ii) stagnant and so opposed to any change
(iii) not respectful to cultural and religious variations
(iv) disrespectful to human variety
What effect does education have on us?
(i) Our hidden talents do not get flourished.
(ii) Our spirit to grow intellectually is hindered.
(iii) Our intellect gets more acute and our creative faculties become developed
(iv) Our reasoning power gradually becomes dull.
Which of the following is applicable to education?
(i) Liberality, gradual development, freedom of thought, etc. are inherent in education
(ii) Good employment, ability to earn huge amount of money, respectable position in society are
the products of education.
(iii) Education often causes our religious deviation.
(iv) Education enables us to avoid high competition.
 n h e i j English 
37
20.
Education encourages us –––.
(i) to avoid challenging situations
(ii) to enjoy the great bounties of nature
(iii) to tactfully avoid the ugly aspects of life
(iv) to think critically and achieve adequate abilities to face grim and most competitive situation of life
21.
What is the purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) to put up the functions of education in our life
(ii) to show how to be educated
(iii) to show the positive and negative aspects of education
(iv) to show how nature can be our teacher and philosopher
22. we learn –––.
(i) from school only
(ii) not only from educational institutions but also from family, society, nature, from experience of life, etc.
(iii) from our life
(iv) from teachers and philosopher
23. The world can become a happier abode –––.
(i) if we stick to the philosophy of education
(ii) if we sharpen our intellect
(iii) if we love people irrespective of cultural differences
(iv) if we take nature as our teacher and guide
24. How can academic education be most useful in our life?
(i) through its being best used
(ii) through its getting combined with the lessons we get from nature in making us prepared for
the future
(iii) if we get proper education from educational institutions
(iv) if we make the adequate use of academic education
25. The wind teaches us to be industrious by –––.
(i) sweeping over the earth violently
(ii) turning into violent storm
(iii) blowing incessantly
(iv) making the animals and plants feel cool
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) How do we become productive members of society?
Ans: Education enables our potentials and inner strengths to be full-fledged. It makes our
intellect keener and develops our creative power. In our educational process, our reasoning
power is strengthened and then we can solve the problems of life. Thus, we become
productive members of society.
(b) How can we manage our affairs well?
Ans: In the process of our education, we learn how to read and write and do basic things of
arithmetic. These create a degree of self-confidence in us. Moreover, we can think
independently and achieve skills to communicate with others. All these things enable us to
manage our affairs well.
(c) "Education also teaches us to appreciate the beauty and bounties of nature." — What
does this sentence mean?
Ans: This sentence means that education sharpens our intellect and develops our sense of
perception and through these processes, we achieve the ability to see and perceive the
beautiful things of nature as well as its generous gifts to us.
 n h e i j English 
38
(d) "School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education." — What does the
author want to mean by this sentence?
Ans: By this sentence, the author wants to mean that a child receives education from
multifarious sources. School gives us academic education in our student life, but actually we
receive education from our family, society, religious institution, nature, etc. And this process
goes on until death.
(e) How can nature be our teacher? MI Extra Questions
Ans: If we observe various things of nature closely, we can learn great lessons from them.
For example, the sky is vast or infinite in size and serves all people of the world with its rain,
shade, beauty, etc. Thus, it teaches us to be liberal. Likewise, the wind which is constantly
blowing teaches us to be industrious.
(f) What does education do to us?
Ans: Education equips us with knowledge and a stet of abilities to work meaningfully in life,
like the ability to judge things rationally and make right choices.
(g) When do we achieve ability to solve the problems of life?
Ans: In our educational process, our latent talents and mental faculties become flourished,
our intellect is sharpened and creativity is developed. At the same time, our reasoning powers
also become full-fledged. And then, we achieve the ability to solve the problems of life.
(h) How would the world become a much happier place?
Ans: Education, being inherently progressive and liberal, teaches us to respect human
variety, cultural and religious differences. When all of us will practise these values in life, the
world will become a much happier place.
(i) How does education enable us to face the most challenging circumstances of life?
Ans: Education teaches us to think critically and provides us with a set of capabilities
including life-oriented skills. And this enables us to face the most challenging circumstances
of our life.
(j) How do we become a social critic through education?
Ans: Education enables us to think independently and make our own decisions. In the
process of knowing about the world, we appreciate the good things but when we notice any
deviations from the values and the consequent rise of hatred or conflict, we become critical
of them. Thus, we become a social critic.
(k) "Education by definition is progressive and liberal."— What do you mean by it?
Ans: The sentence means that education is a lifelong process and it teaches us to be broad
and open-minded. In this process, we learn to judge, things rationally and critically. So, true
education, instead of making us conservative, makes us liberal. Thus we learn to accept
whatever is good and positive.
(l) How does a child become an active member of the community?
Ans: When a child begins school, s/he feels the need to belong to the class and make friends.
Then his/her sense of belonging expands to include school at large, his/her community and
finally his/her country. Thus, education makes a child become an active member of the
community and work for its welfare.
(m) How can we prepare for the future?
Ans: We can prepare ourselves for the future by unifying our academic learnings with the
guidance of nature.
 n h e i j English 
39
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Education gives us knowledge and a set ................ of the community and work for its welfare.]
What / Who
Activity
How / Why
Result
Education
provides us knowledge and a set of (i)..........
our development
abilities
(ii)..........
enables us to live well
(iii)............
our personal
development
Awareness
is the result of education
(iv).................
about ourselves
Every child
can become an active member of the (v)............
development of the
community
community
 Ans: (i) to enable us to function meaningfully; (ii) Education; (iii) by giving us an awareness; (iv)
development of personality; (v) by receiving proper education.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education. (one is done
for you)
[Education gives us knowledge and a set ................ of the community and work for its welfare.]
1. Giving us knowledge 
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.




 Ans:
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Preparing us to
Enabling us to
Enabling us to
Enabling us to
Enabling us to
Giving us 



 become active
function
decide things
make the right
think
knowledge
members of the
meaningfully
rationally
choices
independently
community
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the impacts of education on us. (one is
done for you)
[Education gives us knowledge and a set ................ of the community and work for its welfare.]
1.
Ability to decide things
rationally

2.

3.


4.
5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Ability to

decide things
rationally
2.
Ability to
make right
choices

3.
Skills to
communicate
with others
4.
Skills to

communicate
with others

5.
An awareness

about
ourselves
6.
Capability to
work for the
welfare of the
community
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education.(one is done
for you)
[Education, it is believed, releases our potentials ................ will prepare us for the future]
1.
Develops our inner
strength

2.

3.


4.
Makes us
productive
members of
society

4.
5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
Develops our  Sharpens our 
inner strength
intellect
 n h e i j English 
3.
Improves our
creativity

5.
Teaches us to
respect human,

cultural and
religious
diversities
6.
Teaches us to
be grateful to
nature
40
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the
ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and
do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for
ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage
our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know
more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the
deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows.
The fast thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the
development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and
make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our
community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active
member of the community and work for its welfare.
 Ans:
Education enables us to make our life meaningful. When we learn to read, write and calculate, we
gain self-confidence to think independently and communicate successfully. As we learn more, we
become analytical about .the conflicts in society. Education, giving us awareness, develops our
personality. Formal education, makes us sociable in all respects and helps us to grow as a worthy
citizen of the country and work for its wellbeing.
(ii) Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect
and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of
life we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal,
teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise
these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.
Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills
that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education
also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.
School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangle poem tells us that
nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation:
The sky has taught me to be liberal. The wind has given me the motto to be industrious.
If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that,
combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.
 Ans:
Education, with provision of knowledge and a set of abilities, enables us to live well. It sharpens
our intellect and develops our creative power. Moreover, it makes us respectful to human
diversity and cultural and religious differences. In the process of our education, we gain ability to
think critically and also gain competencies including life-oriented skills. As a result, we can face
the most challenging situations in our life. Apart from school, nature can also teach us. Academic
education, fused with the lessons learnt from nature, can prepare us for the future.
Seen Passage-09
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Ecotourism is a booming business that many tour operators cite as being helpful to nature. Every
year, millions of people descend on protected and pristine natural areas to observe rare species.
However, a new report casts doubt on the value of this form of tourism. In fact, it suggests that
ecotourism is more damaging than helpful to nature. Details are in a report published in the
 n h e i j English 
41
journal 'Trends in Ecology and Evolution'. Researchers believe tourists are disrupting animals in
their natural habitat. They pointed to a recent event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems
laying their eggs because of the hordes of tourists who had congregated to watch the turtles'
nesting habits.
The report says that ecotourism is making animals bolder and that this could endanger the
animals. A regular human presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about other
animals around them, and this could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural threats.
"Then they will suffer higher mortality when they encounter real predators," the report says. It
added: "When animals interact in 'benign' ways with humans, they may let down their guard."
The report said it was essential "to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different
species in different situations respond to human visitation and under what precise conditions
human exposure might put them at risk"
[Unit-09, Lesson-3]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
'Ecotourism' is most related –––.
(i) tour
(ii) travelling
(iii) sight seeing
(iv) animals & sight seeing
2.
What does the word 'descend on' refer to?
(i) ascend on
(ii) visit
(iii) come down
(iv) assault
3.
Which one would be the closest meaning to 'pristine'?
(i) pre-historic
(ii) by gone days
(iii) recent
(iv) natural
4.
What does the word ' cast ' refer to?
(i) emphasise
(ii) throw
(iii) spill
(iv) deserted
5.
A new report says that–––.
(i) ecotourism is less harmful
(ii) ecotourism is more daunting
(iii) ecotourism is less constructing
(iv) ecotourism is more helpful
6.
The author attempts everything in the passage except –––.
(i) focusing on development of ecotourism
(ii) bewaring of the perils of human encroachment on nature
(iii) following a practical and critical approach to tourism industry
(iv) discouraging establishment in habitats
7.
In the passage, the author ––– ecotourism.
(i) promotes
(ii) justifies
(iii) demotes
(iv) accelerates
8.
In a journal, usually ––– papers are published.
(i) travelling
(ii) fiction
(iii) religious
(iv) research
9.
"Details are in a report published in the journal". In this sentence, the underlined word is
a /an –––.
(i) verb
(ii) adjective
(iii) pronoun
(iv) noun
10. Ecotourism is not a/an ––– blessing to nature.
(i) common
(ii) unmixed
(iii) sustainable
(iv) great
11. Many ancient natural areas are visited by people –––.
(i) to hunt rare species
(ii) to preserve world life
(iii) to observe rare animals
(iv) to purchase animals
12. Most of the researchers are –––.
(i) in favour of ecotourism
(ii) dead against ecotourism
(iii) of negative view about ecotourism
(iv) of high aspiration about ecotourism
 n h e i j English 
42
A regular human presence around animals has been ––– in the passage.
(i) encouraged
(ii) discouraged
(iii) banned
(iv) planned
14. Over -commercialization of ecotourism may cause ––– to this sector.
(i) harm
(ii) benefit
(iii) acceleration
(iv) loss
15. Due to ecotourism, animals could be in risk of being –––.
(i) killed
(ii) endangered
(iii) lost
(iv) frightened
16. Ecotourism is not so much environment-friendly as it –––.
(i) predicts
(ii) declares
(iii) provides
(iv) suggests
17. According to a report, ecotourism is causing ––– to nature to a great extent.
(i) harm
(ii) benefit
(iii) protection
(iv) support
18. What does the word 'evolution' refer to?
(i) a pattern of movements or manoeuvres
(ii) gradual decrease of something
(iii) gradual lowering of something
(iv) gradual deteriorating of something
19. 'Ecology' is related to –––.
(i) Biology
(ii) physics
(iii) Chemistry
(iv) Anthropology
20. What does the word 'disrupting' refer to?
(i) upset
(ii) interrupt
(iii) evolve
(iv) satisfy
21. What is the closest meaning of the word 'habitat'?
(i) residence
(ii) abode
(iii) club
(iv) depot
22. What does the word 'pointed' refer to?
(i) telling
(ii) indicated
(iii) suggested
(iv) opined
23. What is the past participle from of 'lay'?
(i) laid
(ii) lain
(iii) lied
(iv) layed
24. What does the word 'nesting' refer to?
(i) hang on
(ii) hang out
(iii) dwelling
(iv) dying
25. What is the closest meaning of the word 'bolder'?
(i) brave
(ii) timid
(iii) coward
(iv) coy
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is ecotourism?
Ans: Ecotourism is a kind of tourism that is designed to contribute to the environmental
protection involving travelling to places of natural interests under environmental projects.
(b) How is ecotourism flourishing?
Ans: Ecotourism is flourishing as a quick expanding business. Many tour operators make
plans, arrange tours and guide the tourists to fulfil their purposes.
(c) "New research puts ecotourism into irony." —How does it do so?
Ans: Although ecotourism promises to be environment friendly, it does great harm than any
good. Often, it results in irreversible damage to natural spices. Hence, it is, rather, an irony,
the opposite to actually what it originally refers to.
(d) What is the point of view of the author as regards ecotourism industry?
Ans: The author holds a negative point of view as regards ecotourism industry. In fact, it
poses significant threats to natural species. Therefore, the author strongly recommends to
minimise the scope of tourism industry.
(e) What is the implied reason for higher mortality of species?
Ans: Continued exposure to humans make wild animals less aware of the dangers of
predatory species. It could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural threats and it is
the implied reason for higher mortality of species.
13.
 n h e i j English 
43
(f) What is the recent event pointed to by the researchers?
Ans: The researchers pointed to a recent event where sea turtles in Costa Rica had problems
with laying their eggs because of huge number of tourists' presence to watch the turtles'
nesting habits.
(g) What is the saying of the report regarding ecotourism?
Ans: The report propounds that ecotourism is making animals bolder and that this could
endanger them in the future.
(h) What may happen due to a regular human presence?
Ans: A regular human presence might make animals tamer and less cautious about other
animals around them, and this could put them at risk of being attacked by their natural
threats.
(i) When do animals let down their guard?
Ans: When animals interact in 'benign' ways with humans, they may let down their guard.
(j) What was the suggestion of the report?
Ans: The report suggested that, it was essential to develop a more comprehensive
understanding of how different species in different situations respond to human visitation and
under what precise conditions human exposure might put them at risk.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Ecotourism is a booming business that many .............. human exposure might put them at risk."]
What/Who
Event/Occurrence
Why
Where
Millions of
descend on
(i)........
protected and
people
pristine natural
areas
A new report
casts doubt on the value of
(ii).......
ecotourism
Sea turtles
had problems laying their eggs
(iv).........
in costa Rica
A regular human (v) ................
possibility of
presence
being
attacked
 Ans: (i) to observe rare species; (ii) as it brings no good to nature; (iii) Tourists; (iv) tourists'
presence; (v) might put animals at risk.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a short note in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing
disadvantages of ecotourism. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is a booming business that many .............. human exposure might put them at risk."]
1. Damaging nature
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Damaging
nature

2.
Disrupting
animals

3.
Disrupting
habitation
4.
Putting


animals at risk
5.
Endangering 
habitats
6.
Threatening
species'
existence
(ii) Read the above text and make a short note in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing
aftermath of ecotourism. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is a booming business that many .............. human exposure might put them at risk."]
1. Making animals
bolder
 n h e i j English 

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
44
 Ans:
1.
Making
animals
bolder
2.
3.
4.
 Endangering  Making tamer  Making less
animals
cautious

6.
5.
 Causing higher
Putting at risks
morality
3. Summarize the above passage.
 Ans: Though ecotourism is a booming business, a new report suggests that it does more harm
than good to nature. Researchers highlight that tourists are disrupting animals in their natural
habitats referring to disrupting the turtles' nesting habits. Regular presence of humans change
their natural behaviour and put them at risk of extinction.
Seen Passage-10
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They started their journey with practically
nothing. They didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played wearing salwar and
kamij. They also suffered from malnutrition. What made them win against all adversities then?
What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur
Government Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head teacher. They observed
the girls' interests in football and decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing
football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh. Guardians were not convinced as they were
used to seeing girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an auto-rickshaw driver, a
tea-shop owner or a housemaid mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani Sheet
and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to allow their daughters to play. Being great
motivators, the two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome the odds. They
inspired them, created opportunities for them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could
prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their success has also persuaded the villagers to
come to their support.
When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and college, they did not have their Minati
Maam and Mafiz Uddin Sir with them, but soon another motherly person offered her helping
hand – Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant Professor of History — who was joined by one of her
colleagues, Juel Mia. They agreed to coach the girls. Mr Jalaluddin, who was then the head
teacher of the school, also supported them. Gradually the local community, public representatives
and the local administration came forward. Bangladesh Football Federation also gave special
attention to them and finally another football magician, Golam Robbani Choton, the coach of the
Bangladesh Women's National Football Team, mentored these girls and helped them become
complete professional footballers. Now people realise what their golden girls could bring for
them. "When these girls go from one place to another, even the auto-rickshaw pullers don't take
any fare from them as they are the pride of the village. It's a small token of recognition but it's
great!" says Mala Rani Sarkar, the Team Manager of Kalisindur Women's Football Team. She
also adds that Kalsindur would present more female footballers in future, as of 2021 they are
grooming another 65 girls to play for the nation.
[Unit-05, Lesson-5 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
How is the success of Kalsindur girls compared?
(i) compared with magic
(ii) compared with enchantment
(iii) compared with drama
(iv) compared with epic
2.
The girls of kalsindur started their journey –––.
(i) except nothing
(ii) without nothing
(iii) practically without anything
(iv) theoretically with nothing
3.
What does the word 'adversity' in the passage refer to?
(i) misery
(ii) privilege
(iii) propensity
(iv) adjacent
 n h e i j English 
45
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
What could be the closest meaning for 'ambitious' in the 9th sentence?
(i) prominent
(ii) aspirant
(iii) ambiguous
(iv) enthusiasm
The word 'recognition' could be best replaced by –––.
(i) ignorance
(ii) acknowledgement (iii) reminiscence
(iv) revitalisation
Initially they started to play –––.
(i) wearing salwar
(ii) wearing kamij
(iii) putting on salwar and kamij
(iv) none of these
Who made success like an epic?
(i) girls belonging to Kalsindur
(ii) girls driven away from Kalsindur
(iii) girls beyond Kalsindur
(iv) girls betrothed to Kalsindur
"It's a small token of recognition."......... What does "it's" refer to?
(i) taking no fair
(ii) taking no fare
(iii) taking little fare
(iv) taking any fare
The kalsindur girls did not have –––.
(i) boots
(ii) jersey
(iii) boots or jersey
(iv) boots and jersey
The kalsindur girls suffered from –––.
(i) malconformation
(ii) malnourishment
(iii) suffocation
(iv) maldistribution
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was –––.
(i) assistant teacher
(ii) head teacher
(iii) junior teacher
(iv) senior teacher
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin taught in –––.
(i) Kalsindur Government Secondary School
(ii) Kalsindur Non-government Free primary School
(iii) Kalsindur Government free Primary School
(iv) Kalsindur Government school and college
What is the purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) to show the skills of the Kalsindur girls
(ii) to highlight the success of the Kalsindur girls in football
(iii) to describe the hobby of the Kalsindur girls in different games
(iv) to explain the interest of the kalsindur girls
Minati Rani Sheel was the Head Teacher of –––.
(i) Kalsindur Government Secondary School
(ii) Kalsindur Non-government primary School
(iii) Kalsindur Government School and college
(iv) Kalsindur Government Free Primary School
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel observed ––– in football.
(i) the girl's enthusiasm
(ii) the girl's repercussion
(iii) the girl's appreciation
(iv) the girl's curiosity
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel decided to ––– the girls.
(i) help
(ii) discourage
(iii) encourage
(iv) enrage
Girl's playing football is not ––– in Bangladesh.
(i) a common phenomenon
(ii) an unusual phenomenon picture
(iii) an uncommon picture
(iv) a peculiar picture
Whom did Mohammad Mariz Uddin and Minati Rani sheel persuade to allow playing
football?
(i) the local people
(ii) the students
(iii) the guardians
(iv) the girls of kalsindur
 n h e i j English 
46
Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel were the –––.
(i) great teachers
(ii) great coaches
(iii) great players
(iv) great motivators
20. Two teachers ––– the girls to overcome the odds.
(i) disheartened
(ii) assisted
(iii) discourage
(iv) frightened
21. The success of the girls has ––– the villagers to support them.
(i) disheartened
(ii) frightened
(iii) discourage
(iv) encouraged
22. When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and college, they –––.
(i) missed Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz uddin
(ii) had Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin
(iii) did not miss Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin
(iv) did not expect Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin
23. Mala Rani Sarkar was –––.
(i) an assistant professor of English
(ii) an assistant professor of Biology
(iii) an assistant professor of History
(iv) an assistant professor of Geography
24. Mala Rani Sarkar offered –––.
(i) Snacks
(ii) help
(iii) hands
(iv) dress
25. Mala Rani Sarkar and Juel Mia were the –––.
(i) supporters of the girls
(ii) benefactors of the girls
(iii) teachers of the girls
(iv) coaches of the girls
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What do you know about the remarkable success of the Kalsindur girls?
Ans: The Kalsindur girls' success in football was like an epic. Since they all belong to rural
and poor family background, they started their journey with almost nothing. They did not
have any boot or jersey. Initially they started to play wearing salwar and kamij. This success
is really very significant.
(b) From your reading of the passage write about the profession of Mohammad Mafiz.
Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel.
Ans: Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel were teachers of Kalsindur
Government Free Primary School. Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher and
Minati Rani Sheel was the Head Teacher of the school.
(c) Who helped the Kalsindur girls first in their journey of football and how?
Ans: Mohammad Mafiz Uddin, an assistant teacher of Kalsindur Government Free Primary
School and Minati Rani Sheel, the Head Teacher of the school helped the girls first in their
journey of football. Observing the girls' interests in football, they decided to help them. Since
girls' playing was not a common picture in Bangladesh, they first motivated the girls and
their guardians and gave support to them and took great care of them.
(d) Who helped the girls when they moved to the nearby secondary school and college?.
How did they help the girls?
Ans: When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and college, they did not have
their helping hand. In that situation, Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant Professor of History,
offered her helping hand. Another person named Juel Mia, one of the colleagues of Mala
Rani Sarkar, also joined to help the girls. They coached the girls and they went ahead on and
on.
19.
 n h e i j English 
47
(e) Who was Mr. Jalaluddin? How did he help the girls?
Ans: Mr Jalaluddin was the then Head Teacher of the secondary school and college where
the Kalsindur girls moved after the completion of their primary education. He, as the Head
Teacher, provided necessary supports to the girls. The supports helped them a lot to continue
their journey of football.
(f) "It was however not that easy". What does the line imply?
Ans: The line implies that girls' playing football was riot an easy matter. Because girls
playing football was not a common picture in our society and guardians were habituated to
see their daughters to help their mothers in the household activities.
(g) What is not a common picture in our country?
Ans: Girls' playing football is not a common picture in our country.
(h) What was the guardian's general idea about their daughters?
Ans: The general idea of the guardians about their daughters is that girls will help their
mothers in household activities.
(i) Who persuaded the guardians to allow their daughters to play football?
Ans: Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel persuaded the guardians to allow their
daughters to play football.
(j) Who were the great motivators?
Ans: Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel were the great motivators.
(k) How did the two teachers help the girls?
Ans: The two teachers persuaded the guardians of the girls to permit their daughters to play
football and thus they supported the girls to overcome the barriers of the girls.
(l) What things did the two teachers do for the girls?
Ans: The two teachers convinced them, made opportunities for them and took personal care
of them.
(m) What persuaded the villagers to support the girls?
Ans: The success of the girls persuaded the villagers to support the girls.
(n) What happened when they moved to the nearby secondary school and college?
Ans: When they moved to the nearby secondary school and college they missed their two
teachers Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz. Uddin.
(o) What was the role of local community, public representatives and local administration?
Ans: Local community, public representatives and local administration came forward to help
the girls.
(p) What do the people realise now?
Ans: Now, the people realise what their girls could bring for them.
(q) Who are termed as the golden girls?
Ans: Kalsindur girls are termed as the golden girls.
(r) Why don't the auto rickshaw pullers take fare from the girls?
Ans: The auto rickshaw pullers don't take fare from the girls because they were the pride of
their village.
(s) "It is a small token of recognition but it is great." What does-the line imply?
Ans: It implies that the gracious job the rickshaw pullers did for them was small but it was
noble in nature.
(t) Who was the manager of Kalsindur Women's Football Team?
Ans: Mala Rani Sarkar was the Manager of Kalsindur Women's Football Team.
 n h e i j English 
48
(u) What comment did Mala Rani Sarkar make about Kalsindur village?
Ans: Mala Rani Sarkar made the comment that Kalsindur can present more football players
in future.
(v) How many girls were under training then?
Ans: 65 girls were under training then.
(w) Who was Golam Rabbani Choton? What's his contribution to the Kalsindur girls'
development in football?
Ans: Golam Rabbani Choton was the then coach of the Bangladesh Women's National
Football Team. He was called a football magician. He mentored the girls and helped them
become complete professional footballers.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[The success of Kalsindur girls reads like ................... the villagers to come to their support.]
What/Who
Event/ Occurrence
Why/How
Where
Kalsindur girls played football wearing salwar and (i).................
kamij
(ii)................... was not a common picture
Bangladesh
Guardians
did not want the girls to play football
(iii)..................
(iv) ............
persuaded the guardians
to allow girls to
play
The girls
overcame all odds
(v)............
 Ans: (i) they didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear; (ii) Girls' playing football; (iii) they were
used to seeinggirls doing household chores; (iv) Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel;
(v) getting inspiration from the two teachers.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[The success of Kalsindur girls reads like ................... the villagers to come to their support.]
1. Starting journey with
practically nothing

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Starting
journey with 
practically
nothing
2
Having no
boots or
jerseys
5
3
6
4
Girls' playing
Playing
Lacking support

 Suffering from  football being 
wearing salwar
of their
malnutrition
not a common
and kamij
guardians
picture
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[When the girls moved to the nearby secondary ................ another 65 girls to play for the nation.]
1. Patronization of
Minati Maam and Mafiz
Uddin Sir

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
Patronization
2
of Minati
 Help of Mala 
Maam and
Rani Sarkar
Mafiz Uddin
Sir
 n h e i j English 
6
3
Being trained
by Mala Rani
5
Patronization of
4
Patronization
Bangladesh
 Supported by 

Women's
of local
Mr. Jalaluddin
National Football
administration
Federation
49
3.
Summarize the following text.
The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They started their journey with practically
nothing. They didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played wearing salwar and
kamij. They also suffered from malnutrition. What made them win against all adversities then?
What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur
Government Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head teacher. They observed
the girls' interests in football and decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing
football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh. Guardians were not convinced as they were
used to seeing girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an auto-rickshaw driver, a
tea-shop owner or a housemaid mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani Sheet
and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to allow their daughters to play. Being great
motivators, the two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome the odds. They
inspired them, created opportunities for them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could
prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their success has also persuaded the villagers to
come to their support.
When the girls moved to the nearby secondary school and college, they did not have their Minati
Maam and Mafiz Uddin Sir with them, but soon another motherly person offered her helping
hand – Mala Rani Sarkar, an Assistant Professor of History — who was joined by one of her
colleagues, Juel Mia. They agreed to coach the girls. Mr Jalaluddin, who was then the head
teacher of the school, also supported them. Gradually the local community, public representatives
and the local administration came forward. Bangladesh Football Federation also gave special
attention to them and finally another football magician, Golam Robbani Choton, the coach of the
Bangladesh Women's National Football Team, mentored these girls and helped them become
complete professional footballers.
 Ans: The Kalsindur girls made success like an epic. Initiall3r they started to play wearing saiwar
and kamij. They also suffered from malnutrition. Two teachers Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and
Minati Rani Shed decided to help the girls. Mohammad Mafiz Uddin and Minati Rani Sheel
persuaded the guardians to allow their daughters to play football. Local community, public
representatives and local administration came forward to help the girls. Mala Rarii Sarkar became
the Manager of Kalsindur Women's Football Team. Golam Rabbani Choton, the football
magician, mentored the girls. Thus, the Kalsindur girls were able to overcome all their obstacles
in order to achieve astonishing feat in football.
Seen Passage-11
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for
different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and
thus spend money every day. In fact, spending is a part of our life.
Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend
money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive
behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has
some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may
create unhappiness within families, People who overspend are never satisfied with what they
have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it
becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems.
 n h e i j English 
50
Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a
feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things
even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often
encourage customers to buy things -by flattering them. 'This is a perfect match for you, they
would say, or 'You look so stunning in that dress.' Never forget, they say the same thing to most
of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please
the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only
related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too
many items to eat in a restaurant. They can eat only some of them And the rest are wasted. It's not
a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it.
Young people in a shopping mall often look at an item on display and think 'Oh I must buy this. I
really need this.' They may not have the money needed in their wallet. So, they use credit cards
but using them is like taking a loan. If they are not careful, the loans increase which might lead
them to a debt-trap.
Sometimes children insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without stretching their
budget. This may happen because the children's friends also have them. It's not fair as it becomes
a burden for the parents.
Finally, don't get trapped by the glossy advertisements on television or the Internet. You should
rather ask yourself: 110o I need this?" The best way to control the habit of spending is not to
think 'What I need, but 'Can I do without it?'
[Unit-03, Lesson-5 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
Spending money may make us ____
(i) sad
(ii) cheerful
(iii) delighted or sad
(iv) regretful
_____
2.
We spend money
(i) regularly
(ii) hardly
(iii) scarcely
(iv) seldom
____
3.
Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one‘s means has come
(i) good effects
(ii) positive effects
(iii) negative effects
(iv)
harmless
effects
4. The word ‗consumer‘ mentioned in the passage means _____
(i) buyer
(ii) seller
(iii) purchaser
(iv) introducer
______
5. The word ‗persuade‘ in the text could be best replaced by
(i) dissuade
(ii) predict
(iii) discourage
(iv) induce
_____
6. Spending beyond one‘s means may
(i) lead to financial crisis
(ii) make one affluent
(iii) make one rich
(iv) hardly make one poor
_____
7. People who overspend are not
with what they have.
(i) contented
(ii) dissatified
(iii) sad
(iv) frustrated
_____
8. Advertisements attract us to buy products
(i) later
(ii) immediately
(iii) in future
(iv) never
_____
9. The word ‗careful‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) informal
(ii) thoughtless
(iii) careless
(iv) cautious
_____
10. The word ‗psychological‘ in the text could be best replaced by
(i) corporeal
(ii) mental
(iii) physical
(iv) bodily
11. What does the word ‗ruin‘ in the passage refers to?
(i) loser
(ii) annihilate
(iii) destruction
(iv) erection
 n h e i j English 
51
12. Salespersons try to please the customers so that they can _____
(i) sell good products
(ii) sell poor quality products
(iii) earn less
(iv) sell more products
____
13. Using credit cards is
taking a loan.
(i) different from
(ii) similar to
(iii) not at all similar to
(iv) dissimilar to
14. The word ‗immediate‘ mentioned in the passage means ____
(i) deferred
(ii) instant
(iii) delayed
(iv) postponed
_____
15. The word ‗stretching‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) lessening
(ii) strengthen
(iii) increasing
(iv) shrinking
_____
16. The word ‗trapped‘ means
(i) caught
(ii) killed
(iii) trick
(iv) touch
_____
17. The word ‗glossy‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) shiny
(ii) glitter
(iii) dim
(iv) hazy
_____
18. The word ‗financial‘ means
(i) economical
(ii) economic
(iii) money
(iv) profitable
_____
19. The word ‗burden‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) loaded
(ii) gloomy
(iii) load
(iv) miserable
_____
20. The word ‗buy‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) purchase
(ii) vend
(iii) trade
(iv) commerce
______
21. The word ‗stressful‘ mentioned in the passage means
(i) worrying
(ii) burden
(iii) liability
(iv) load
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) Do you agree on the statement that spending is a part of our life? Why/Why not?
Ans: I agree on the statement. In fact, we cannot eat money to satisfy our hunger. We cannot
wear money to cover our body: But we need money to buy 'foods, clothes and other
essentials. We meet the. payment for different services and purposes like entertaining people,
travelling to different places, helping others and investing in business.
(b) Give reasons how spending makes people happy.
Ans: Happiness is a relative term. When spending is purposeful and need-based, it is good.
People also spend happily when they find things within their buying capacity. Spending
beyond means is stressful. So, people enjoy spending while it is based on needs and within
limit.
(c) How does spending pose psychological problems?
Ans: Spending unnecessarily and beyond means pose psychological problems. It brings
economic crises which lead to family dispute. Once people become habituated to doing this,
they can hardly come out of it. So, they spend frivolously like addicted persons and face
psychological problems.
(d) What are the usual behaviour traits of salespersons? How do they tempt the
consumers?
Ans: Salespersons are usually flattering, persuasive and talkative. They tempt the consumers
by overpraising them. They also try to convince the customer by making false impression
about the products. It so happens not only in selling products but also in eatable items.
 n h e i j English 
52
(e) "Credit cards have replaced the money from young people's pocket." — Justify your
answer with reference from your reading the text.
Ans: Young people feel tempted to buy things displayed in the shopping malls. They think
they need those items. Nowadays, they do not carry money in their money bag. Rather, they
carry plastic money which is known as credit cards. They usually pay from their credit cards
instead of paying cash. This is very common in young generations.
(f) Why do we spend money?
Ans: We spend money for different reasons such as to buy foods, clothes or everyday
essentials, to pay for different services, to entertain people, to travel to places, to help others
in need or to ingest in business.
(g) What are the bad effects of unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means?
Ans: Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means may lead one to financial ruin
or debt. Besides, it may create unhappiness within families.
(h) When does spending money make life stressful?
Ans: Spending money makes life stressful when it becomes a compulsive behaviour.
(i) How are consumer items displayed in stores or in advertisements?
Ans: Consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a
feeling of immediate need for the consumers.
(j) How do salespersons often encourage customers to buy things?
Ans: Salespersons often encourage customers to buy things by flattering them. They use the
persuasive words like 'This is a perfect match for you,' or 'You look so stunning in that dress"
to induce the customers to buy their items.
(k) Why should customers be careful?
Ans: Customers should be careful because salespersons often encourage customers to buy
things by flattering them and salespersons say the same persuasive words to most of their
customers.
(l) How do people waste food in a restaurant?
Ans: Many people buy too many items to eat in a restaurant and they can eat only some of
them and the rest they left uneaten. Thus, they waste food.
(m) Why do children insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without
stretching their budget?
Ans: Children insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without stretching their
budget and this may happen because the children s friends also have them.
(n) Why should children not insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without
stretching their budget?
Ans: Children should not insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without
stretching their budget because spending extra money becomes a burden for the parents.
(o) What might lead young people to a debt-trap?
Ans: Using credit cards carelessly for excessive shopping might lead young people to a debttrap.
(p) What is the best way to control the habit of spending?
Ans: The best way to control the habit of spending is to think whether we can do without the
product we desire to purchase.
 n h e i j English 
53
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[We spend money for different reasons ....................... eventually create psychological problems.]
What/Who
Event/Occurrence
Why/How
Where/When
People
(i) –––
to meet their daily
needs
Spending
makes us happy
(ii) –––
Overspending
creates unhappiness (iii) –––
within families
The prodigal
are not happy
(iv) ––––
The habit of
(v) –––
over a period of time
overspending
 Ans: (i) spend money; (ii) when it is within our limit; (iii) leading to financial ruin or debt; (iv)
for their discontentment; (v) creates psychological problems.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the bad effects of unnecessary spending
or spending beyond one's means. (one is done for you)
[We spend money for different reasons ....................... eventually create psychological problems.]
1. Making life stressful
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
Making life  Leading to 

Leading to debt
stressful
financial ruin
4.
Creating
unhappiness
within
families
5.
Making people
dissatisfied

6.
Creating

psychological
problems
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing why we spend money. (one is done for
you)
[We spend money for different reasons ........................ eventually create psychological problems.]
1. To buy foods
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
2.


To buy foods
To buy clothes
3.
3.
To pay for
services

4.
To entertain
people

5.
To travel to
places
6.
 To invest in
business
Summarize the following text.
We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for
different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and
thus spend money every day. In fact, spending is a part of our life.
Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend
money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive
behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has
some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may
create unhappiness within families, People who overspend are never satisfied with what they
have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it
becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems.
Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a
feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things
even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often
encourage customers to buy things -by flattering them. 'This is a perfect match for you, they
 n h e i j English 
54
would say, or 'You look so stunning in that dress.' Never forget, they say the same thing to most
of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please
the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only
related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too
many items to eat in a restaurant. They can eat only some of them And the rest are wasted. It's not
a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it.
 Ans:
Money is spent every day for various reasons. Necessary expenses within our limit may make us
happy. But unnecessary expenditure or spending money beyond our ability creates some
problems and may lead to psychological problems. Al present, consumer items are displayed and
advertised so attractively that consumers want to buy them immediately even without having a
genuine need. Salespersons often flatter the customers to encourage them to buy more things.
Salespersons say the same persuasive words to most of their customers. They should not be
persuaded by such words. Buying more foods than requirements and their wastage means wastage
of money.
Seen Passage-12
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her inlaws' household. In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms
of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family
to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal. Dowry demands can also continue after the
wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks
in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are
uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal
mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their
mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails
their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about
health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV.
It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer
from anaemia. Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent
fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover,
neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the
power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are
unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being
drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol.
[Unit-04, Lesson-2 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
The word 'mobility' means –––.
(i) ability
(ii) creativity
(iii) movement
(iv) activity
2.
The phrase 'exposed to ' may best be replaced by –––.
(i) to remove something
(ii) make public
(iii) experience something harmful
(iv) socking news
3.
The closest meaning of 'study' is –––.
(i) skipping
(ii) omitting
(iii) reporting
(iv) learning
 n h e i j English 
55
The word 'anaemia' refers to –––.
(i) blood pressure
(ii) blood sugar
(iii) shortage of blood
(iv) blood contamination
5.
The 'neonatal' is closely related to –––.
(i) a newborn baby
(ii) a mother
(iii) an adolescent
(iv) a disease
6.
The practice of dowry is ––– in Bangladesh.
(i) legitimate
(ii) heavy
(iii) irregular
(iv) banned
7.
When does a girl begin full-time work in her husband's family?
(i) when she drops out of school
(ii) comfortable
(iii) when she gets married off
(iv) when she is marginalised
8.
The word 'abuse' refers to –––.
(i) maltreatment
(ii) good means
(iii) conduct
(iv) subjugation
9.
What does the word 'exclusion' mean?
(i) rejection
(ii) exhort
(iii) exegetic
(iv) expert
10. Dowry demands can also continue –––.
(i) after birth
(ii) after marriage
(iii) upto death
(iv) both (i) and (iii)
11. The word 'supportive' can be best replaced by –––.
(i) helpful
(ii) envious
(iii) desirous
(iv) meritorious
12. 'dowry' stands for
(i) collection of girls for a marriage
(ii) wedding gift given by the groom to the bride
(iii) wedding gift given by the groom to the bridegroom
(iv) the money or property demanded by the bridegroom from the bride's family
13. 'Undernourished' could be best replace by –––.
(i) starved
(ii) malnourished
(iii) aged
(iv) hungry
14. The word 'vulnerable' stands for –––.
(i) easily hurt
(ii) safe
(iii) conscious
(iv) comfortable
15. What does the expression 'drop out of school' mean
(i) Starting education in school
(ii) Making the end of education
(iii) Becoming concerned about school
(iv) Taking education in college instead of school
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What major probleins do boys face during adolescence?
Ans: The major problems that many boys face during adolescence are (i) running the risk of
being involved in antisocial .and criminal activities; (ii) getting addicted to drugs and
alcohol.
(b) Why should all of us say 'no' to drugs?
Ans: All of us should say 'no' to drugs because drug addiction causes irreparable damage to
addicts' health and life. Moreover, it gives rise to various social crimes and thus disrupts the
peaceful life of the common people.
(c) Why are adolescent girls the worst sufferers?
Ans: Adolescent girls, when pulled out of school, are married off. With their marriage, they
lose their mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent
girls diminishes their economic and non-formal, educational opportunities. Besides, their
lack of information about health issues makes them vulnerable to various serious diseases.
So, they are the worst sufferers.
4.
 n h e i j English 
56
(d) What happens to a girl when she loses mobility?
Ans: When a girl loses mobility, her opportunities of economic activities and non-formal
education get diminished. As a result of this, they lack information about health issues,
which makes them vulnerable to various serious health problems.
(e) Who, do you think, are more vulnerable to adolescent health problems— boys or girls?
Why?
Ans: I think adolescent girls are more vulnerable to adolescent health problems than
adolescent boys. The girls are pulled out of school, and married off. Because of marriage or
work, they often lose their mobility which leads to their lack of information about health
issues. Consequently, they become vulnerable to HIV, undernourishment, anaemia, neonatal
mortality, etc.
(f) Why do you think the adolescent girls are marginalized in their in-laws' houses?
Ans: There are some basic reasons for which I think that the adolescent girls are
marginalized in their in-laws' houses. An adolescent girl with a poor academic background is
wholly and solely dependent on her husband for her everything. She is considered-to be
inferior to other members of the family. Dowry demand of the in--laws' family is also a
prominent reason behind it.
(g) 'Reproductive health services are not sufficient in our country.' Do you agree or
disagree? Give reasons for your answer as per the passage.
Ans: I agree with the statement that 'Reproductive Health Services are not sufficient in our
country' because in comparison to the large number of population maternity clinics or
reproductive health service centres are very few in number. We have still great shortage of
skilled doctors, trained nurses and specialized hospitals for providing with reproductive
health services for the child-bearing mothers.
(h) From your reading of the passage, comment on the condition of the adolescent girls in
our country.
Ans: The condition of the adolescent girls, as a whole, is quite unsatisfactory because many
of them cannot complete their school education. They are married off at an early age and in
their husband's houses they often face different sorts of physical and mental abuse. Besides,
while giving birth to children, they often face premature death.
(i) Though the dowry system is an illegal practice, it is still common for the bride's family
to pay dowry—why?
Ans: Dowry system is still a very common practice in our country although there is a law
against it. Actually, in our country we have many laws, but we do not have the proper
implementation of the laws. The law-enforcement agencies are highly inefficient. Besides,
their number is much fewer than the actual demand. So, in a male-dominated society, the
age-old dowry practice still continues.
(j) How do you know that 'Adolescent fertility rate' is high in Bangladesh?
Ans: Adolescent fertility rate is high in Bangladesh because the study reveals that in 1993 the
contribution of adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate was 20.3%. But in 2007 the
rate increased to 24.4%, which indicates a gradual increase of the adolescent fertility rate in
our country.
(k) When does a girl usually drop out of school?
Ans: A girl usually drops out of school when sheets married.
 n h e i j English 
57
(l) Who are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and
contraception?
Ans: The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently
informed about reproductive health and contraception.
(m) Who usually pay dowry in our country? Is dowry system legal?
Ans: In our country, a bride's family still pays dowry. No, it is not legal.
(n) How are the married girls treated in their in-laws' houses?
Ans: The young married girls are marginalised in their in-laws' houses. They become
vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence.
(o) Why are the adolescent girls at high risk in term of pregnancy?
Ans: The adolescent girls are at high risk in terms of pregnancy and childbirth because they
are not physically for being pregnant. On the other hand, most of them suffer from mental
torture like dowry demand from in-laws' house. Most of them are unaware of reproductive
health and contraception. This is why the maternal mortality rate for adolescent girls is
double the national rate.
(p) Describe the plight of adolescent girls in their in-laws' houses in 2/ 3 sentences.
Ans: The plight of adolescent girls in their in-laws' houses beggars description. They have to
do full-time work in their in-laws' house. Dowry demand continues even after wedding. They
fall in greater health risk in terms of early pregnancy and childbirth.
(q) What is still common for a bride's family in Bangladesh?
Ans: In Bangladesh, it is still common to a bride's family to pay dowry.
(r) "In the in-laws' house, she is marginalised". Explain the statement in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: When a girl gets married, she begins full-time work in her in-laws' household.
Shockingly, she is inhumanely marginalised in the in-laws' house. She becomes vulnerable to
all forms of abuse both physical and, mental. She is especially marginalised over the question
of non-payment of dowry.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[When a girl gets married, she usually drops out ................ is double the national rate.]
What / Who
Event / Occurrence
When/ Why
Where
A girl
(i).......
after getting married in her (ii)..........
To pay (iii) ......
is still common
in Bangladesh
An adolescent bride
faces greater health risks
(iv)............
Maternal mortality
in double the national rate
(v).................
rate
 Ans: (i) drops out of school and begins full-time work; (ii) in-laws' house; (iii) dowry; (iv) during
pregnancy and childbirth; (v) lack of knowledge about reproductive health and contraception.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the conditions of a girl after getting
married. (one is done for you)
[When a girl gets married, she usually drops out ................ is double the national rate.]
1. Dropping out of
school

2.

3.


4.
5.

6.
 Ans:
1
Dropping out 
of school
 n h e i j English 
2
Doing fulltime
household
chores
4
3
Becoming
Getting

 vulnerable to
marginalised in
all sorts of
in-laws' house
abuse
5
Facing dowryrelated


violence even
after wedding
6
Facing
excessive
maternal
mortality
58
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the conditions of adolescent girls in
Bangladesh. (one is done for you)
[When adolescent girls are pulled out of school ........... is another concern for younger mothers.]

1. Pulling out of school
2.

3.


4.
5.

6.
 Ans:
2.
1.
Pulling out of 
school
Losing
mobility,
friends and
social status
3.
4
Being
Being deprived


of economic
deprived of
non-formal
opportunities
educational
opportunities
5

Lacking
information
about health
issues
6
 Suffering from
anaemia
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her inlaws' household. In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms
of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family
to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal. Dowry demands can also continue after the
wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks
in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are
uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal
mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
 Ans:
In Bangladesh, 33% of adolescent girls are married before 15 and 60% of them become mothers
by 19. After marriage, an adolescent girl drops out of school and is vulnerable to all types of
abuse. Moreover, she has to take the risk of early pregnancy and childbirth. The majority of
adolescent brides'and their families are ignorant of reproductive health and contraception.
(ii) When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their
mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails
their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about
health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV.
It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer
from anaemia. Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent
fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover,
neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the
power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are
unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being
drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol.
 Ans:
As a girl drops out of school, her full-time work in her in-laws' family begins. She falls prey to
multifarious abuses. She runs the risk of pregnancy and childbirth. She suffers from malnutrition
as well. She is not informed or poorly informed of reproductive health and contraception. The
condition of an adolescent boy is a bit better.. Nevertheless, illiteracy, unemployment, etc. stand
in the way to his development. Consequently, he often falls a victim to drugs and alcohol.
 n h e i j English 
59
Seen Passage-13
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
... (T)he Negro is still not free. ... the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of
segregation and the chains of discrimination. ... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in
the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. ...(T)he Negro is still languishing in the corners
of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to
dramatize a shameful condition ...
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I
still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We
hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of
former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and
justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having
his lips dripping with the words of 'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in
Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and
white girls as sisters and brothers...................
[Unit-02, Lesson-3 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1. "A state sweltering with the heat of injustice." 'Sweltering' here refers to –––.
(i) swerving
(ii) sweating
(iii) burning
(iv) swirling
2. What does 'exile' mean?
(i) polish
(ii) banish
(iii) totalize
(iv) materialize
3. What is the meaning of justice'?
(i) polarity
(ii) impartiality
(iii) biasness
(iv) split
4. What will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice?
(i) American society
(ii) the red hills of Georgia
(iii) the state of Mississippi
(iv) the whole world
5. We have come here today because -.
(i) we want to die
(ii) we want to live
(iii) we want to take revenge
(iv) we went to dramatize a shameful condition
6. "I have a dream." is a famous speech made by –––.
(i) Nelson Mandela
(ii) Richard the Lion Heart
(iii) Robert Bruce
(iv) Martin Luther King Jr.
7. The word 'transform' mentioned in the passage means –––.
(i) persist
(ii) hold
(iii) convert
(iv) remain
8. The word 'vicious' is opposite in meaning to ––––.
(i) friendly
(ii) lovely
(iii) harmless
(iv) damaging
9. The speaker is hopeful of a - free America.
(i) justice
(ii) discrimination
(iii) poverty
(iv) Negro
 n h e i j English 
60
10. The meaning of the word 'languish' is --.
(i) stiffer
(ii) differ
(iii) matter
(iv) oblique
11. People are judged by the colour of their skin signifies
(i) blue blood
(ii) anarchy
(iii) racism
(iv) gentile
12. The Negro live –––.
(i) in the midst of luxury and peaceful environment
(ii) in the ocean of prosperity and in the life of dignity
(iii) in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity
(iv) the life of honour and development
13. The Negro finds himself an exile –––.
(i) in foreign countries
(ii) in American society
(iii) throughout the world
(iv) in his own land
14. The purpose of the author of this passage is –––.
(i) to show the picture of the world
(ii) to highlight that all men are created equal
(iii) to show the picture of the Negro
(iv) to highlight our right
15. What will happen to the people if this nation rises up one day?
(i) They will live out the true meaning of its creed.
(ii) They will face the difficulties.
(iii) They will be oppressed.
(iv) They will be destroyed.
16. ––– cripples the life of the Negro.
(i) Material prosperity
(ii) Manacles of segregation
(iii) American society
(iv) The heat of oppression
17. The Negro is still not free from
(i) the chains of discrimination
(ii) corruption and political harassment
(iii) terrorism and oppression
(iv) interposition' and nullification
18. The word 'evident' refers to –––.
(i) obvious
(ii) nave
(iii) mimic
(iv) panic
19. The synonym of the word 'slave' is –––.
(i) creeper
(ii) miller
(iii) pelvic
(iv) drudge
20. What is the synonym of the word 'vicious'?
(i) polluted
(ii) contaminated
(iii) poisoned
(iv) savage
21. What is the antonym of the word 'Segregation'?
(i) liberation
(ii) integration
(iii) distortion
(iv) disintegration
22. The synonym of 'prosperity' is –––.
(i) affluence
(ii) poverty
(iii) scarcity
(iv) insufficiency
23. What does the word 'crippled' refer to?
(i) energized
(ii) chained
(iii) disabled
(iv) enabled
24. The word 'oppression' refers to –––.
(i) discussion
(ii) compulsion
(iii) convulsion
(iv) domination
25. What does the word 'nullification' mean?
(i) abolishment
(ii) sentiment
(iii) engagement
(v) dissemination
 n h e i j English 
61
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What does the expression 'All men are created equal' signify?
Ans: "All men are created equal" signifies that Almighty Allah has created all human beings
with equal rights, equal sense of feelings and justice and self-respect. This line also signifies
that people on earth will enjoy equal- rights in respect of honour, material things, religious
freedom, etc.
(b) What ideas of the governor of Alabama do you get from the passage?
Ans: The governor of Alabama is a racist. He likes to interpose barriers on the Negro and also
nullifies their rights on the basis of their skin colour.
(c) "The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity." — Explain.
Ans: The sentence mentioned in this question means that -the USA is an economically very
developed country but in this very country there is one class of people who are very poor and
tortured, even oppressed by the white rich people.
(d) Why does the Negro find himself an exile in his own land? Can you explain the reason
for this condition?
Ans: The Negro finds himself an exile in his own country because there is a deeply rooted
race discrimination. The black have no legal political right. If they had political right, they
would not be tortured by the white.
(e) How can the state of Mississippi be an oasis of freedom and justice?
Ans: When the state of Mississippi will be free from discrimination and injustice, it can be an
oasis of freedom and justice.
(f) Describe the condition of the Negro in the state of Mississippi.
Ans: The condition of the Negro in the state of Mississippi is very heart-rending. They are
being tortured with injustice and oppression. Actually, the sufferings of the people of the state
are beyond description.
(g) What -does the speaker dream about the children of Georgia?
Ans: The speaker dreams about the children of Georgia that the sons of former slaves and the
sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
(h) What did the speaker say about his four young children?
Ans: The speaker of the passage had four young children. He wanted a country where they
would one day live in a nation which would be young from racism. He also wanted that his
children would not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.
(i) How did the speaker fight against white domination?
Ans: The speaker fought against white domination in a non-violent way. He believed that
non-. violent resistance is not for cowards. It is not a quiet, passive acceptance of evil. He was
passive and non-violent physically, but very active spiritually, always seeking ways to
persuade the white opponent of advantages to the way of love, cooperation and peace.
(j) What was the dream of Martin Luther King Jr. about the United States of America?
Ans: The dream of Martin Luther King Jr. about the United States of America was that one
day American people getting rid of all—kinds of injustice and discrimination would live in an
oasis of freedom and justice. Then they would not be judged by the colour but by the content
of their character.
(k) Do you think that Martin Luther King's dream have been fulfilled?
Ans: No, I don't think that Martin Luther King's dreams have been fulfilled because the Negro
is not still free. The life of the Negro is sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the
chains of discrimination.
 n h e i j English 
62
(l) Who are the Negro people mentioned in the speech of Martin Luther King Jr.?
Ans: The Negro people mentioned in the speech of Martin Luther King. Jr. are the black
coloured. American people who are oppressed in an inhuman way by the white coloured
people of America only for their black colour.
(m)What was the condition' of Negro according to the speaker of the passage?
Ans: According to the speaker of the passage, the Negro was not getting equal rights of the
society, rather the class was being treated inhumanly by the whites. The Negro led a life
which was no better than an animal.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia ................... as sisters and brothers.]
Who/What
Event/Occurrence
When/What
Where/How
Martin Luther King
dreams that the sons of former slaves
one day
(i) –––
Jr.
and the sons of former slave owners
will sit down together
The state of
will turn into
(ii) –––
Mississippi
The four children of
(iii) –––
in course of
(iv) –––
Martin Luther King
time
Jr.
Martin Luther King
dreams
(v) –––
in Alabama
Jr.
 Ans: (i) at the table of brotherhood; (ii) an oasis of freedom and justice; (iii) will live; (iv) in a
nation free from racial segregation and discrimination; (v) little black boys and black girls will
join hands with little white boys and white girls.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia ................... as sisters and brothers.]
1.
Former slaves and
slave owners
advancing towards
brotherhood


2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
Former slaves
Being
No vicious
and slave owners
 evaluated by  racists
advancing
the content of
existing in
towards
character
Albarna
brotherhood

4.
Discrimination
between the black
boys and girls and
white boys and girls
getting abolished
5.
Black and white

children joining
hands cordially
6.
Getting rid of

racial
segregation
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia ................... as sisters and brothers.]
1.
Hindered by the
manacles of segregation
 n h e i j English 

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
63
 Ans:
4.
1.
2.
3.
Being deprived
Hindered by
Obstructed by
Living on a
 the chains of  lonely island  of the benefit of
the manacles
huge material
of segregation
discrimination
of poverty
prosperity

6.
5.
Finding
Still languishing
 himself
in the corner s of
alienated in
American society
his own land
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia ................... as sisters and brothers.]
1.
To rid themselves of
apartheid

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
2.
1.
3.
To bind
To rid
To transform
 people by the  injustice into 
themselves of
bond of
apartheid
justice
fraternity
4.
To rid
themselves of
oppression

5.
6.
To establish the
To rid
culture of judging
Alabarna of

people by the
vicious
content of
racists
character
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) ... (T)he Negro is still not free. ... the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of
segregation and the chains of discrimination. ... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in
the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. ...(T)he Negro is still languishing in the corners
of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to
dramatize a shameful condition ...
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I
still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We
hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of
former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and
justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
 Ans:
The Negro is subject to segregation and the chains of tremendous racial discrimination. They are
virtually exile in their own land. The author nourishes some hopes regarding the advancement of
the Negro. The hopes include that one day the Negro would rise u_p_, the sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slave owners would sit together at the table of brotherhood, Mississippi
would be an oasis of freedom and the young children would live in a nation where they would be
judged by the content of their character not by the colour of their skin.
(ii) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed :
"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one
day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners
will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the
 n h e i j English 
64
state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the .heat of
oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four
little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin
but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day down in
Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of
'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black
girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
 Ans:
The writer dreams that their nation will be morally elevated and live in amity and peace. He hopes
that their nation getting rid of all injustice, oppression will enjoy true freedom and justice. Then,
their people will not be Judged by the colour, rather the inner beauty of their character will be
valued. All their states will be free of all kinds of inequality and injustice.
Seen Passage-14
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives
as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire
us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or
receiving certificates—we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the
knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that
lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works.
Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means
working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as contrasted with
private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic
engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of
health and wellbeing of the people.
Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and
are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action
or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.
In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial Civic engagement includes individual or
group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For
example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as
raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, you are civically engaged and
your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as
organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can
also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to
clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some services to elderly people. These are all
examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community.
When civic engagement is a part of an academic programme, and the learners' engagement is
assessed following a scale, then it is called service learning. It involves the application of
knowledge and skills learned in the classroom and then miring a complete plan of action i.e.
preparing a budget, starting the process of implementation, involving people and activating
operational strategies. When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not a part of any
academic programme, it is considered volunteerism.
[Unit-12, Lesson-3 (C])
 n h e i j English 
65
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
What does 'civic engagement' mean?
(i) working to make a difference in the institution
(ii) working to make a difference in the private life
(iii) working to cause a difference in the family life
(iv) working to create distinction in the civic life
2.
What does the word 'illuminate' in the passage refer to?
(i) lightning
(ii) illusion
(iii) light up
(iv) discriminate
3.
The word 'community' mentioned in the passage means –––.
(i) alien
(ii) native
(iii) group
(iv) wayfarer
4.
Education aims at –––.
(i) creating positive changes in behavior
(ii) bringing down positive changes in behavior
(iii) causing derogatory changes in behavior
(iv) making abnormal changes in behavior
5.
Civic engagement promotes –––.
(i) the comfort of life
(ii) the worries of life (iii) the standard of life (iv) the purity of life
6.
What is the objective of education?
(i) to bring about negative changes in behavior
(ii) to bring about constructive changes in behavior
(iii) to bring about negative changes in society
(iv) to protest positive changes in behavior
7.
How does education help us?
(i) to change our life
(ii) to change our society
(iii) to change both our life and our society
(iv) to change our economic condition
8.
It is education that –––.
(i) does not illuminate our minds
(ii) depress our minds
(iii) suppress our minds
(iv) enlightens our minds
9.
'Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates.'-What does the line
imply?
(i) Education is not for material achievements only.
(ii) Education is only for material achievements.
(iii) Education is only gaining some marks.
(iv) Education is only earning a certificate.
10. What is the purpose of the author of this passage?
(i) to show the disparity of the society
(ii) to explain the beauty of life
(iii) to describe the way of life in the society
(iv) to highlight the purpose of education
11. Complete education –––.
(i) only illuminates our heart
(ii) only involves a learner to work for the community
(iii) both illuminates our minds and inspires a learner to work for the community
(iv) illuminates our heart and doesn't involve a learner to work for the community
12. What helps us try to change our life as well as the society?
(i) compulsory education
(ii) female education
(iii) incomplete education
(iv) holistic education
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66
13.
What does complete education do?
(i) discourages the learners to work for the community
(ii) encourages the learners to work for the community
(iii) involves the learners to work for the disparity
(iv) encourages the learners to work for the equality
14. One can get a certificate –––.
(i) by spending money
(ii) by receiving education
(iii) by earning fame
(iv) by appreciating leaders
15. Getting grades is –––.
(i) the only purpose of education
(ii) not the purpose of education at all
(iii) the main aim of education
(iv) one of the purposes of education
16. Why do we use education?
(i) to make life hazardous
(ii) to make life better
(iii) to make money
(iv) to earn fame
17. How is learners civic engagement considered all over the world?
(i) highly praised
(ii) rarely appreciated
(iii) widely neglected
(iv) highly detested
18. The public life and private life of the citizens are –––.
(i) similar
(ii) comfortable
(iii) different
(iv) uncomfortable
19. What are the perquisites of making a difference in civic life?
(i) knowledge, skills, courage and motivation
(ii) knowledge, competence, values and motivation
(iii) devotion, skills, values and motivation
(iv) knowledge, skills, values and ambition
20. A civically engaged individual is concerned about –––.
(i) personal issues
(ii) family issues
(iii) cultural issues
(iv) public issues
21. In civic engaged individual is concerned about –––.
(i) insignificant
(ii) less important
(iii) very appreciable
(iv) very important
22. The word 'concern' in the text could be best replace by –––.
(i) worthy
(ii) conquer
(iii) worry
(iv) conceal
23. The best synonym of 'protest' is –––.
(i) complaint
(ii) protect
(iii) prevent
(iv) pragmatic
24. The word 'recognize' could be best replace by –––.
(i) reconciliate
(ii) regain
(iii) communicate
(iv) acknowledge
25. The correct meaning of 'Issue' in line 2 of the 3rd pars is –––.
(i) instance
(ii) affair
(iii) tactic
(iv) insane
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is regarded as complete education?
Ans: Education is not limited to getting grades or receiving certificates. Education that
enlightens our minds and inspires us to work for the community is regarded as complete
education.
(b) What is civic engagement? What does it do to the community?
Ans: Civic engagement means working to bring about a change in the public life of the
citizens in contrast to private or personal life. Civic engagement develops the quality of
communal life by contributing to the improvement of health and-well-being of the people.
 n h e i j English 
67
(c) Describe the characteristics of civically engaged individuals.
Ans: Civically engaged people have some distinctive characteristics. They recognize
themselves as members of a greater social community and associate themselves to civic
issues. They think it is their responsibility to take action or raise voices against injustice,
discrimination and any other types of social evils.
(d) What types of work does civic engagement include?
Ans: Civic engagement includes individual or united endeavours to protect public interests
and change the way the community values itself. For instance, protesting against any unjust
decision of the local municipality like raising taxes or an act that might work against people's
interests is regarded as civic engagement.
(e) What is service learning? What does it involve?
Ans: When learners' engagement as part of an academic programme is evaluated following a
scale, it is called service earning. It involves the application of knowledge and skills learned
in the classroom and then making a complete plan.
(f) What is the role of education?
Ans: Education plays a vital role in bringing about positive changes in behaviour. It helps us
try to change our life as well as the society we live in. It not only illuminates our minds but
also inspires a learner to work for the community.
(g) What does complete education mean?
Ans: Complete education means the education that illuminates our minds as well as inspires
us to work for the community. Education is not limited to getting grades or receiving
certificates. We use education to make life better.
(h) How does 'Civic engagement' promote the quality of life?
Ans: Civic engagement means working to bring a change in the public life of the citizens. It
promotes the quality of life in a community -by contributing to the improvement of health
and wellbeing of the people.
(i) What does the expression 'Education is not all about getting grades or receiving
certificates' mean?
Ans: It means that getting grades or receiving certificates do not serve the real purpose of
education. It must create positive changes in behavior, in our life and in society by
illuminating our minds.
(j) 'In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial.' how?
Ans: Civically engaged individuals are concerned about public issues. Their aim is to bring
about positive change in public life. So, issues of public concern are very important for them.
(k) When is a person termed as a civically engaged person?
Ans: A person is termed as a civically engaged one when he or she protests against injustice,
discrimination and other forms of social ills.
(l) Why are civically engaged individuals regarded as responsible citizens?
Ans: Civically engaged individuals are regarded as responsible-citizens because they take
action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.
(m) What does civic engagement include?
Ans: Civic engagement includes an individual or group activity in order to protect public
interests or make changes in the community.
(n) Why does civic engagement include an individual or group activities?
Ans: Civic engagement includes an individual or group activity in order to protect public
values or make a change in the social contexts.
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68
(o) What decision of the local municipality is treated as unjust decision?
Ans: Tax rise or an act that might work against people's interests is treated as unjust decision
of the, local municipality.
(p) How is the action of a person considered to be civic engagement?
Ans: If a person protests against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as tax rise
or an act that might work against people's interests, his or her action is considered civic
engagement.
(q) How is a civically engaged person identified?
Ans: When a person protests against any unjust decision taken by any authority such as tax
rise or an act that might work against people's interests, he or she is identified as a civically'
engaged person.
(r) How can civically engaged persons protest?
Ans: civically engaged persons can protest in different ways such as organizing rallies,
collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, etc.
(s) What voluntary activities can civically engaged persons do?
Ans: Civically engaged persons can help control traffic in front of a school, help kids to cross
the roads, work in a team to make a park or a sea shore litter-free.
(t) What is considered volunteerism?
Ans: When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not a part of any academic
programme, it is considered volunteerism.
(u) Why is complete education important?
Ans: Complete education is important because it illuminates our minds as well as involves a
learner to work for the community.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
(i) [Education aims to bring about positive ................ discrimination and other forms of social ills.]
What/Who
Event/Occurrence
Why/How
Where
Education
is essential
(i)........
is our behavior
Complete education (ii)......
We
apply our classroom learning
(iii)............
Civic engagement
makes a difference
(iv).............
in the civic life of
the community
(v) .............
raise voice against social ills
 Ans: to bring about positive changes; (ii) illuminates our minds and inspires us to work for the
community; (iii) in our engagement with the world that lies outside; (iv) using knowledge, skills,
values and motivation; (v) Civically engaged individuals.
(ii) [Education aims to bring about positive ................ discrimination and other forms of social ills.]
What/Who
Event/Occurrence
Why/How
Where
People
(i).........
all over the
world
Civic engagement
promotes the quality of life
(ii)........... in a community
(iii)................
are concerned about civic
issues
The activities of civically
(iv)............
engaged people
Civically engaged people
organize rallies, collect,
(v)..........
signatures, make human
chains, write petitions etc.
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69
 Ans: (i) appreciate learner's civic engagement; (ii) by contributing to the improvement of health
and wellbeing of the people; (iii) Civically engaged people; (iv) pro sect public interests and
change the way the community values itself; (v) to protest an issue that might go against people's
interests.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the importance of education. (one is
done for you)
[Education aims to bring about positive ................ discrimination and other forms of social ills.]
1. Brings about positive
changes in behavior

2.

3.


4.

5.
6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
Brings about
3.
Helps us try to
positive

 Brings changes 
change our
changes in
in society
life
behavior
4.
Illuminates
our minds

5.
Inspires to
work for
community

6.
Makes life
better
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the importance of civic engagement.
(one is done for you)
[Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated ............ you do directly affects the community]
1. Promotes the quality
of life

2.

3.


4.

5.
6.
 Ans:
4
Contributes to
1.
2
3
the
Promotes the 
Protects
 Makes change 

development
quality of life
public values
in community
of people's
health
5
Part of
academic
programme

6
Makes life
better
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the characteristics of learners' civic
engagement. (one is done for you)
[Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated ............ you do directly affects the community]
1. Highly appreciated
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
3.
2.
1.
Combines
4.
Makes
Highly

 knowledge,  Promotes the
difference in
appreciated
skills, values
quality of life
civic life
and motivation
5.
Contributes to
the


improvement
of people's
health
6.
Makes people
concerned
about civic
issues
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives
as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire
us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or
receiving certificates—we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the
knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that
lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works.
Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means
working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as contrasted with
 n h e i j English 
70
private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic
engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of
health and wellbeing of the people.
Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and
are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action
or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.
 Ans:
Education plays a vital role in bringing about positive changes in human behaviour. It helps us try
to change our life as well as our society. Complete education not only illuminates our minds but
also' involves a learner to work for the community. The purpose of education is not getting grades
and receiving certificates. The main objective of education is to make life better. Civic
engagement of the learners is highly appreciated all over the world nowadays. A civically
engaged person works to create a difference in the civic life taking action or raising voice against
injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.
(ii) In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial Civic engagement includes individual or
group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For
example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as
raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, you are civically engaged and
your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as
organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can
also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to
clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some services to elderly people. These are all
examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community.
When civic engagement is a part of an academic programme, and the learners' engagement is
assessed following a scale, then it is called service learning. It involves the application of
knowledge and skills learned in the classroom and then miring a complete plan of action i.e.
preparing a budget, starting the process of implementation, involving people and activating
operational strategies. When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not a part of any
academic programme, it is considered volunteerism.
 Ans:
Civic engagement includes an individual or group activity in order to protect public interests or to
make a change in the community. If a person protests against any unjust decision, his action is
considered civic engagement. 'A civically engaged person can help 'control traffic in front of a
school, help kids to cross the roads, work in a team to make a park or a seashore litter-free and
give services to elderly people. These activities of civic engagement affect the- community
directly civic engagement is a part of an academic programme which is assessed, following a
scale, it is service learning. And when it is spontaneous-but irregular and not a part of any
academic programme, it is volunteerism.
Seen Passage-15
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early
age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi
joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to
gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy.
The group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to
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71
reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life
skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of
more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs)
working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive
Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents.
During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of
early marriage and pregnancy.
While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate
remains high with 194 maternal deaths per 1,00,000, live births in 2010- dropping from 322 in
2001 with a projected decrease to 143 by 2015. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious
health complications. These include dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury
caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social
exclusion.
When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a
counsellor. After hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years
despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple
met with a female health care provider, who informed them about the various family planning
options available.
Shilpi's mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the newlyweds. Deeply rooted
cultural practices and traditions caused a rift between Shilpi and Rashid and their extended
family, some of whose memebers insulted and criticized the couple. Unable to convince their
close relatives of the risks, Shilpi and Rashid returned to the counsellor. They took the help of a
parent peer who has been trained to speak to other parents about adolescent issues. Shilpi's
mother-in-law and neighbours eventually came to understand the harmful effects of early
pregnancy on mother and child.
Today, the village no longer pressurizes the couple; their parents and neighbours now support
them and speak out against early marriage and pregnancy.
[Unit-04, Lesson-4 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
In Bangladesh, many people have a tendency to marry their daughter of –––.
(i) When they are adult
(ii) prematurely
(iii) timely
(iv) when they reach maturity
2.
Health complications in the passage are related to –––.
(i) women
(ii) girls
(iii) teenage bridegroom (iv) adolescent bride
3.
"Marrying of daughter at an early age is a standard practice for many families living in
rural Bangladesh." - What does it imply?
(i) Early marriage is forbidden there.
(ii) The concerning parents are penalized
(iii) Early marriage is a common phenomenon.
(iv) No early marriage is available there.
4.
It is true that the rate of maternal mortality ––– in Bangladesh recently.
(i) has gone up
(ii) has come down
(iii) has remained static (iv) has remained
still
5.
The word ' morbidity' refers to –––.
(i) the state of being diseased
(ii) wholesomeness
(iii) arrogance
(iv) the state of being subject to death
6.
The word 'eventually' stands for –––.
(i) initially
(ii) ultimately
(iii) undoubtedly
(iv) fortunately
 n h e i j English 
72
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
What is the main idea of the passage?
(i) to focus on social change
(ii) to highlight on the change of cultural practices
(iii) to put emphasis on the harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy
(iv) to stress on maternal mortality in Bangladesh
According to the text, what is the synonym of 'standard'?
(i) relevant
(ii) regular
(iii) sophisticated
(iv) rare
One-on-one counselling means –––.
(i) giving suggestions by individual meeting
(ii) giving only one suggestion
(iii) giving suggestions to only one person
(iv) one suggestion for one person system
The best synonym of 'declined' is –––.
(i) reduced
(ii) divided
(iii) defeated
(iv) washed -up
Girls who get pregnant are –––.
(i) free from any risk
(ii) intelligent
(iii) fortunate enough
(iv) at risk of serious health complications
What is the passage about?
(i) the life cycle of shilpi
(ii) the conjugal life of shilpi
(iii) the harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy
(iv) the empowerment of rural women
The adolescent mothers are particularly more ––– to serous diseases.
(i) addicted
(ii) vulnerable
(iii) devoted
(iv) delayed
Shilpi was a ––– early marriage.
(i) girl
(ii) victim
(iii) culprit
(iv) pioneer
What do you understand by 'social exclusion'?
(i) attachment to society (ii) removal from society (iii) social barriers
(iv) social bonding
The word 'empowerment' denotes –––.
(i) the act of exercising power
(ii) the system of reducing power of an individua
(iii) the act of giving power to somebody to do something
(iv) the act of depriving people of their rights
In the passage, 'life skills training refers to –––.
(i) training on reproduction health
(ii) training to get good jobs and good salaries
(iii) training to improve skills
(iv) training on how to lead a better life
The word 'mortality' in the second paragraph refers to –––.
(i) a ratio of deaths
(ii) mankind
(iii) death
(iv) humanity
The word 'effectively' in this passage means –––.
(i) affectively
(ii) fruitfully
(iii) essentially
(iv) ultimately
In the passage, 'cultural practices ' refer to –––.
(i) rules sustaining in the community.
(ii) customs prevailing in the culture of a society
(iii) celebrations existing in the society
(iv) regulations existing in the community
What is the meaning of the word 'exclusion' in the passage?
(i) acceptance
(ii) marginalization
(iii) conclusion
(iv) exclusive
The word 'reproductive' is related to –––.
(i) endangering the species
(ii) destruction of live
(iii) generation of animal
(iv) creation of abstract things
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73
'Hemorrhage and fistula' refers to –––.
(i) a serious health problem of girls
(ii) a complexity of early pregnancy
(iii) a project of the girl's empowerment
(iv) a life saving medicine of early pregnancy
24. What does the phrase 'peer-to peer support' refer to?
(i) Giving assistance to the persons belonging to the same age group or social group.
(ii) Discussions among the members of one group
(iii) Arranging the training on the empowerment of women
(iv) Making people aware of serious health complications.
25. The word 'complications' means –––.
(i) confessions
(ii) indications
(iii) compliances
(iv) difficulties
B. Answer the following questions.
1. Marrying off daughter at an early age is a standard practice of many families in rural
Bangladesh. Do you support it? Why/Why not?
Ans: No, I don't support it. Because marrying off daughters at an early age makes them suffer
from various health complications. These complications include dangerous hemorrhage and
fistula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to
serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion.
2. Mention some of the risks of the pregnancy of girls.
Ans: A girl may face different health risks if she becomes pregnant at an early age. These
include dangerous hemorrhage and fistula. They may face serious maternal morbidities and
social exclusion.
3. Why is female child marriage so common in rural Bangladesh?
Ans: There are mainly two reasons for female child marriage becoming so common in rural
Bangladesh. Firstly, most people are poor. And due to poverty, they cannot afford their
daughters' education. Secondly, due to lack of education, they are mostly ignorant of the
negative aspects of early marriage.
4. Why was Shilpi married off at an early age?
Ans: Shilpi was married off at an early age because she was a member of a traditional family
living in rural Bangladesh where marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard,
practice.
5. What does the local empowerment group provide adolescent girls with?
Ans: The local empowerment group provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to
gradually change cultural practices such as early marriage and pregnancy. It arranges
discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to reproductive health as
well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support, life skills based training,
etc.
6. Where is early marriage a standard practice?
Ans: Many families living in the rural areas of Bangladesh early marriage is a standard
practice for those families.
7. Mention one of the activities of the local empowerment group.
Ans: One of the activities of the local empowerment group is to arrange discussions on how
to change behaviour related to reproductive health and one-on-one counselling.
8. What did Shilpi learn from the group discussion?
Ans: From the group discussion, Shilpi learnt how to most effectively change behaviour
related to reproductive health. She also learnt peer-to-peer support and life skills based
training.
23.
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74
9.
Describe the end results of early pregnancy?
Ans: Early pregnancy may cause dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury
caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and
social exclusion.
10. When and to whom was Shilpi married off? Was Shilpi's marriage early?
Ans: Shilpi was married off to Rashid when she was only 15 years old. She was married
early in the sense that it is not permissible to get a girl married off at the age of 15.
11. Who pressurized Shilpi to have a child?
Ans: Shilpi's mother-in-law and neighbours pressurized her to have a child.
12. Which helps adolescents say 'no' to early marriage?
Ans: The counselling about reproductive health offers peer-to-peer support and life skill
trainings that help adolescents say 'no' to early marriage.
13. What does the Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project aim at?
Ans: The aim of the. Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project is to increase access
to quality health services for adolescents.
14. What is the usual custom of families in rural Bangladesh?
Ans: The usual custom of families in rural Bangladesh is to marry off their daughters at an
early age.
15. How did Shilpi learn about the negative aspects of early marriage and pregnancy?
Ans: Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools to
modify the age-old concepts of early marriage and pregnancy. The tools include discussions,
counselling arid life skill training. In this way, Shilpi -learned about the negative impacts of
early marriage and pregnancy.
16. What are the health complications that contribute to serious maternal morbidities and
social exclusion?
Ans: The health complications are hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury caused by
obstructed childbirth that commonly reads to serious maternal morbidities and social
exclusion.
17. Where did Shilpi join after her wedding? What do you know about it? Describe it in 2/
3 sentences.
Ans: After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group. This group provides
adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly
those relating to early marriage and pregnancy.
18. What you find are the problems that an adolescent bride face after getting married?
Ans: After getting married, an adolescent bride can face the risk of serious health
complications such as hemorrhage and fistula, maternal morbidities and social exclusion.
Besides, she has to face mental pressure for having children from her in-laws' family and
society.
19. Shilpi and Rashid were able to overcome the pressure for having children. How did
they manage it?
Ans: Amid pressure for having children, Shilpi and her husband Rashid met a counsellor and
learnt about the health complexities of early marriage and pregnancy. They also came to
know about various family planning options from a female health care provider. After that,
they took the help of a parent peer who talked to other parents about adolescent issues. Thus,
Shilpi and her husband manage to overcome the pressure.
 n h e i j English 
75
20. What is the good sign about maternal mortality in Bangladesh?
Ans: The good sign about maternal mortality in Bangladesh is that it has slowed down by
more than 50 percent since 2001; the rate remains high with 173 maternal deaths per 100,000
live births in 2017 dropping from 322 in 2001
21. What were the activities of Shilpi's empowerment group?
Ans: The activities of Shilpi's empowerment group were to provide adolescent girls with the
tool needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early
marriage and pregnancy.
22. Why did Shilpi manage to delay taking her baby?
Ans: As Shilpi heard about the health risk of early pregnancy, she managed to delay taking
her baby.
23. How old was Shilpi when she got married and what was her post-marriage occupation?
Ans: When Shilpi got married, she was only 15 years old. Her post-marriage occupation was
to work in a local empowerment group.
24. How did Shilpi come to learn about the adverse effects of early marriage and
pregnancy? Explain in 2/ 3 sentences.
Ans: After her marriage, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group which was supported by
some local Non-govt. Organisations. These NGOs with the assistance of Canada's
Adolescent Reproductive Health Project arranged some group sessions. In this way, during
one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to learn about the adverse effects of early marriage
and pregnancy.
25. How did the empowerment group influence Shilpi's life?
Ans: The empowerment group influence Shilpi's life greatly. From them, Shilpi came to
know about the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy. As a result, she
consulting with her husband delayed having children for five years despite pressure from
their parents, relatives and neighbours. Thus, she could avoid a dangerous time in her life.
26. Do you think that Shilpi and Rashid needed various health-related services? What are
they?
Ans: Yes, I think that Shilpi and Rashid needed. various health-related services. These
include getting knowledge of the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and
pregnancy, information about various family planning options, the way of convincing thesuperiors of harmful effects of early pregnancy, etc.
27. Is there any empowerment group working in your area? If yes, what do they do?
Ans: Yes, an NGO related empowerment group is working in our area. It discusses changing
behaviour most effectively relating to reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling.
it also offers peer-to-peer support and life skills training to encourage adolescents to say 'no'
to early marriage.
28. With whom the couple consulted regarding family planning?
Ans: After hearing about the risks of early marriage and pregnancy, the couple consulted a
female health care provider and came to know about various family planning options from
her.
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76
2.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Shilpi was only 15 years old when ................. harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy.]
What / Who
Event/ Occurrence
What/ Why
When/ Where
Shilpi
(i) .........
in 1993
She
was a victim
of (ii) ........
at the age of 15
The local
provides adolescent girls (iii)......
empowerment with necessary tools
group
(iv)..........
work
to increase access to quality all over
health services for
Bangladesh
adolescents
Shilpi
realized the potentially
of (v)..............
during one of the
harmful effects
group sessions
 Ans: (i) was born; (ii) early marriage; (iii) to change cultural practice related to early marriage
and pregnancy; (iv) NGOs; (v) early marriage and pregnancy.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing what Shilpi did after her marriage and
what she learned. (one is done for you)
[Shilpi was only 15 years old when ............ the various family planning options available.]
1. Married off at an
early age

2.

3.


4.
Received
peer-to-peer
support

4.
5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
Married off
Joined a local


at an early
empowerment
age
group
3.
Gradually
overcame
cultural
practices
6.
5.
Realized harmful
Learned to say

 effects of early
'no' to early
marriage and
marriage
pregnancy
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the activities of the empowerment
group. (one is done for you)
[Shilpi was only 15 years old when ............ the various family planning options available.]
1. Providing tools to
change cultural
practices

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Providing
Discussing
Offering
Helping
Increasing
Making adolescent girls
tools to
how to change
peer-to-peer
access to


 adolescent 
 understand the harmful
change
reproductive
support and
girls negate
quality health
effects of early
cultural
health
life-skill
early marriage
services
marriage and pregnancy
practices
behaviour
training
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the leading events of Shilpi's life. (one is
done for you)
[Shilpi was only 15 years old when ............ speak out against early marriage and pregnancy.]
1. Got married at 15
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Convinced inJoined a local
Realized the
Faced extreme
Overcame all
Got married 
laws about




empowerment
effects of early
pressure to
inconveniences
at 15
effects of early
group
pregnancy
take a child
with patience
pregnancy
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77
3.
Summarize the following text.
Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early
age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi
joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to
gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy.
The group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to
reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life
skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of
more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs)
working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive
Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents.
During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of
early marriage and pregnancy.
While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate
remains high with 194 maternal deaths per 1,00,000, live births in 2010- dropping from 322 in
2001 with a projected decrease to 143 by 2015. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious
health complications. These include dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury
caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social
exclusion.
When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a
counsellor. After hearing about the risks, Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years
despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple
met with a female health care provider, who informed them about the various family planning
options available.
 Ans: Shilpi was married off at the age of 15 following the prevalent practice in rural areas. Then
she joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with necessary suggestions
pertaining to early marriage and pregnqncy. It also offers the support and life skill training that
help adolescents say 'no' to early marriage. Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful
effects of early marriage and pregnancy. When Shilpi was apprised of serious health
complications of early pregnancy, she took a decision to go to a counsellor with her husband.
Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years. But Shilpi's mother-in-law and neighbours
continued to pressurize the newlyweds.
Seen Passage-16
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been
subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself
puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let's start by answering a basic question : What is a dream? A dream can include any of the
images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily
vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and
understandable or unclear and confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been
proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact
that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is
important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself.
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Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is
essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.
Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.
Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that
dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to
Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious
awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our
awareness via dreams. In his famous book "The Interpretation of Dreams", Freud wrote that
dreams are '.... disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes'.
Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many
theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams.
[Unit-02, Lesson-1 (D)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1. What does the word 'empirical' in the first paragraph refer to?
(i) factual
(ii) theoretical
(iii) unobservational (iv) speculative
2. The word 'emotions' could be replaced by –––.
(i) desire
(ii) wish
(iii) feelings
(iv) anger
3. The word 'puzzling' stands for —.
(i) horrifying
(ii) terrifying
(iii) perplexing
(iv) sneering
4. The word 'vivid' -stands for —.
(i) puzzling
(ii) interesting
(iii) entertaining
(iv) very clear
5. —–, dreams serve no real purpose.
(i) According to some dreamer
(ii) According to many scientists
(iii) According to some researchers
(iv) In the opinion of nutritionists
6. The antonym of the word 'vague' is
(i) ambiguous
(ii) confused
(iii) hidden
(iv) definite
7. The word 'cognitive' mentioned in the passage means —.
(i) relating to doing involuntary activities
(ii) relating to feelings
(iii) relating to watching
(iv) relating to mental processes
8. "Dreams serve no real purpose." — Who suggests it?
(i) some dreamers
(ii) some saints
(iii) some researchers (iv) some intellectuals
9. 'Perspective' could be best replaced by —.
(i) viewpoint
(ii) perception
(iii) concept
(iv) precept
10. The word 'baffling' in the passage means –––.
(i) fruitless
(ii) comprehensive
(iii) perplexing
(iv) concrete
11. What does the word 'disguised' mean in the passage?
(i) masked
(ii) revealed
(iii) unreal
(iv) genuine
12. "The interpretation dreams" is of a —.
(i) biological book
(ii) theoretical book (iii) detective book
(iv) gothic novel
13. Philosophers are not — about the purpose of the dream.
(i) sure
(ii) certain
(iii) definite
(iv) of the same opinion
14. Science is still trying to find out the exact reason of –––.
(i) sleep itself
(ii) dream
(iii) purpose of dream (iv) content of dream
15. We find — during dream may often ourselves ––– during dream.
(i) perplexed
(ii) sorry
(iii) sad
(iv) sadness
16. The 'consensus' for word stands
(i) conclusion
(ii) difference
(iii) opinion
(iv) agreement
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79
17. For which one, as mentioned in the passage, dreaming is not essential?
(i) mental well-being
(ii) physical upliftment
(iii) sentimental development
(iv) anger management
18. Empirical research on dream is
(i) recent
(ii) old
(iii) past
(iv) current
19. "Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague."–– What does it imply?
(i) Dreams are always obscure and unclear.
(ii) Dreams are neither clearly stated nor expressed intensely.
(iii) Dreams are never explained.
(iv) Dreams are easily perceived.
20. Dreams may be —.
(i) fixed
(ii) of different types (iii) interesting
(iv) horrifying
21. A dream is —.
(i) sleep
(ii) what we experience during sleep
(iii) our intention of future activities
(iv) what we want to be
22. "Dream serves to clean up the clutter
(i) Dream refreshes the mind.
(ii) Dream removes mental agony
(iii) Dream deals with mental problems
(iv) Dream remains in the mind
23. The word 'fascinated' in line 1 means –––.
(i) invited
(ii) attracted
(iii) benefited
(iv) agitated
24. Philosophers have been fascinated by dreams
(i) several months
(ii) several years
(iii) many years
(iv) many centuries
25. Which of the followings is the correct meaning of 'unravel' in the third paragraph?
(i) riddle
(ii) baffle
(iii) unearth
(iv) unriddle
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is a dream? Why do we dream?
Ans: A dream is any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during the
time of sleeping in an extraordinarily vivid or very vague state. Researchers have proposed
different theories about the reasons why we dream. But among them, Sigmund Freud's theory
seems more convincing than that of others. According to him, people are motivated by
aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. These thoughts,
not being consciously expressed, find their way into our awareness via dreams.
(b) What purpose, according to you, do dreams serve?
Ans: Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams is much convincing to me. As such I believe people
are motivated by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious
awareness. These thoughts not being consciously expressed find their way into our awareness
through dreams. Apart from this theoretical idea, I have also some completely individual idea
about dream. I believe people's ardently desired things get expressed or falsely fulfilled
through dream.
(c) Which one is more important : dream or sleep? Why?
Ans: Sleep is more important than dream. Sleep is essential for our health. Without a sound
sleep, we cannot regain our physical and mental freshness. In fact, sleeping is a part of
biological process in every living being. On the other hand, dream may be called a byproduct; we can never dream if we do not sleep. Sleep brings dream.
 n h e i j English 
80
(d) What do you think how much science has been successful in interpreting dreams?
Ans: I think science has been successful to a great extent in interpreting dreams. According
to science, our repressed desires, thoughts and instincts get their way into our awareness
through dreams. This idea is well-based on reality. This theory greatly appeals to our sense of
reason.
(e) Describe the characteristics of dream.
Ans: In the light of the passage, the characteristics of dream are manifold in purpose. For
instance, a dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced
during sleep. Dreams whether focused and understandable or unclear and confusing, filled
with Joyful emotions or frightening images can also be extraordinarily vivid or very vague.
Moreover, dreams purposefully function as a form of psychotherapy.
(f) "Dreams serve no real purpose."— Do you agree with this statement? Why/Why not?
Ans: No, I don't agree with this statement. Rather I support those researcher who believe
dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Dreams clean up clutter
or suppressed wishes or thoughts especially aggressive and sexual ones from the mind like
clean-up operations in a compuzof repressed wishes' means false realization of 'people's
suppressed thoughts or wishes. More clearly, people's aggressive and sexual instincts not
getting realized find themselves falsely realized in dreams.
(g) Are dreams and nightmares identical?
Ans: No, dreams and nightmares are not completely .identical. Dreams are a series of
images, events and feelings that we experience during our sleep. Dreams may be pleasant or
fearful. On the other hand, nightmares are very frightening and unpleasant dreams
experienced during sleep.
(h) What is dream according to Sigmund Freud?
Ans: Dream, according to Sigmund Freud, is a representation of unconscious desires,
thoughts and motivations. He also adds that while these thoughts which are driven by
aggressive and sexual instincts being repressed from conscious awareness are not
consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams.
(i) Why do you think dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years?
Ans: Yes, dreams have really fascinated philosophers for thousands of years because they
were in a fix about the contents;- reasons and purposes of dreams.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands ............. emotional and physical well-being.]
What/Who
Events/Occurrence
What/Why
When/ Where
(i) ––––
have fascination
for (ii) –––
for thousands of years
Dreams
have been subjected to research
(iii) –––
and scientific study
Dreams
puzzle us
(iv) ––––
We
experience dream
(v) –––
 Ans: (i) Philosophers; (ii) dreams; (iii) recently; (iv) the reason of dreaming is not clear to us; (v)
during sleep.
Or, Read the above passage and make a flow chart showing the characteristics of dreams. (one
is done for you)
1. Puzzling
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





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81
 Ans:
1.
Puzzling

2.
Vivid

3.
Vague

4.

Frightening
5.
Unclear

6.
Confusing
3.
Summarize the following text.
Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been
subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself
puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let's start by answering a basic question : What is a dream? A dream can include any of the
images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily
vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and
understandable or unclear and confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been
proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact
that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is
important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself.
Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is
essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.
 Ans:
We experience dreams during sleep. Dreams may be vivid or very vague, joyful, frightening,
confusing or unclear or understandable. The purpose of dream still remains in the minds of the
scientists and the philosophers. Some researchers regard dreams as purposeless while others term
them useful.
Seen Passage-17
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
An Introduction to Ecotourism
Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed
locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become
educated about the areas- both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It
often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are
often impoverished.
Principles of Ecotourism
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of
trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however,
because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural
participation in the locations being visited.
Therefore, to be considered ecotourism, a trip must meet the following principles set forth by the
International Ecotourism Society (TIES: 2015):
 Minimize the impact of visiting the location (i.e. the use of roads)
 Build respect and awareness of the travelers for the environment and cultural practices
 Ensure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the travelers and the hosts
 Provide direct financial aid for conservation
 Provide financial aid, empowerment and other benefits for local peoples
 Raise the travelers' awareness of the host country's political, environmental and social climate
An Example of Ecotourism
 n h e i j English 
82
Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia at Komodo National Park. The park has an area of 233 square
miles (603 sq. km) of land that is spread out over several islands and 469 square miles (1,214 sq.
km) of water. The area was established as a national park in 1980 and is popular for ecotourism
because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from
whale watching to hiking. Tourist accommodations strive to have a low impact on the natural
environment.
Ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America. Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil,
Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Panama. Apart from these places, opportunities for
ecotourism exist in hundreds of more places worldwide.
[Unit-09, Lesson-3 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
What is ecotourism?
(i) an organised travel to unique and endangered location with little damage to the environment
and animals
(ii) ecological travel with low impact to the govt.
(iii) economical tourism with low impact to the local environment and animals
(iv) both (i) and (ii)
2.
Ecotourism is ––– to traditional tourism.
(i) safe
(ii) removed
(iii) dissimilar
(iv) away
3.
Physical landscape means –––.
(i) patterns of nature environment
(ii) horizon
(iii) vertical limit
(iv) none
4.
The word 'impact' means –––.
(i) import
(ii) insist
(iii) influence
(iv) inner
5.
The word 'landscape' means –––.
(i) land
(ii) escape
(iii) scenery
(iv) field
6.
Ecotourism provides funds for –––.
(i) the animals
(ii) natural beauty
(iii) preservation
(iv)
natural
calamities
7.
Ecotourism provides funds for economic development of places that are often –––.
(i) financially stable
(ii) well off
(iii) traditional
(iv) underprivileged
8.
Which of the following is a characteristic of ecotourism?
(i) travel to endangered locations
(ii) travel to undisturbed locations
(iii) low impact travel
(iv) all of the above
9.
What is different from traditional tourism?
(i) environmental tourism
(ii) ecological tourism
(iii) mainstream tourism
(iv) heritage tourism
10. Ecotourism allows a traveler to learn about –––.
(i) physical landscape
(ii) cultural characteristics
(iii) both (i) & (ii)
(ii) (iv) none
11. What kind of travel is getting popularity?
(i) environmentally -related
(ii) adventure travel
(iii) both (i) & (ii)
(iv) none
12. Which of the following statements is false?
(i) Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism.
(ii) It is low impact travel
(iii) It builds hatred among people.
(iv) It raises awareness of the travellers.
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83
13.
Which organization sets the principals of ecotourism?
(i) The International Ecological Society
(ii) The International Ecotourism Society
(iii) The International Environment Society
(iv) None
14. The International Ecotourism Society sets forth some
(i) actions
(ii) ground rules
(iii) principals
(iv) ideas
15. What should traveller build respect and awareness of?
(i) environment and cultural practices
(ii) traditions and culture
(iii) heritage and culture
(iv) none
16. Ecotourism allow fund raising for –––.
(i) cultural programmes
(ii) village fair
(iii) travel for others
(iv) conservation
17. What type of benefit are local people supposed to get from the principles of ecotourism?
(i) financial aid
(ii) empowerment
(iii) both (i) & (ii)
(iv) none
18. A traveller should be well aware of the host country's –––.
(i) political climate
(ii) environmental climate
(iii) social climate
(iv) all of the above
19. When were the principles set by the International Ecotourism Society?
(i) 2015
(ii) 2005
(iii) 2016
(iv) 2022
20. Where is Komodo National Park?
(i) Central America
(ii) South America
(iii) Japan
(iv) Indonesia
21. What the land area of Komodo National Park
(i) 603 sq.km
(ii) 233 sq. km
(iii) 469 sq.km
(iv) 1,214 sq. km
22. When was the water area of Komodo National Park?
(i) 603. sq.km
(ii) 233 sq.km
(iii) 469 sq.km
(iv) 1, 214 sq.km
23. When was komodo National Park established?
(i) in 1950
(ii) in 1980
(iii) in 2000
(iv) in 2010
24. What is the reason behind the popularity of Komodo National Park?
(i) unique and endangered biodiversity
(ii) pollution
(iii) several island
(iv) oldest national park
25. Which parts of America are popular for ecotourism?
(i) North and South America
(ii) South America
(iii) Central America
(iv) Central and South America
B. Answer the following questions.
1. From your reading of the passage describe ecotourism.
Ans: Ecotourism is a low impact travel by which a traveller becomes educated about the
social and political climate and the environment and cultural practices of the location.
2. What is the meaning of the word 'endangered' and how is it related to ecotourism?
Ans: The meaning of the word 'endangered' is 'seriously at risk of extinction' and according
to the principles of ecotourism, a traveller has to provide direct financial aid for conservation
of endangered or threatened species.
3. Can all trips be called ecotourism in reality? Give reasons.
Ans: All trips cannot be called ecotourism in true sense. Because, many of the trips or travels
do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel and social and cultural
participation in the locations being visited.
 n h e i j English 
84
4.
Mention at least three characteristics of ecotourism.
Ans: The followings are the characteristics of ecotourism : (i) It minimizes the impact of
visiting the area. (ii) It builds respect and awareness of the traveller for the environment and
cultural practices of the area. (iii) It provides direct aid for conservation.
5. What is the significance of ecotourism?
Ans: Ecotourism is significant in many ways. Because, it aims at low environmental impact
on the areas visited. It fosters-respect towards the natural environment and provides socioeconomic benefits for the local peoples.
6. Why is ecotourism gaining popularity day by day?
Ans: Ecotourism is gaining popularity day-by day as it is environmentally-related and
adventure travel.
7. How is ecotourism different from traditional tourism?
Ans: Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism as ecotourism is low impact travel to
endangered and often undisturbed areas and allows the travellers to be educated about the
political, environmental and social climate. It often provides money for preservation and
promotes the economic development of places that are often poor.
8. Which organization sets forth the principles of ecotourism? Mention at least two
principles.
Ans: The International Ecotourism Society sets forth the principles of ecotourism. Among
the principles— minimization of the impact of visiting the location and providing direct
financial aid for conservation are two important ones.
9. Why do you think travellers need to be aware of the environment and cultural
practices?
Ans: To be aware of the environment and cultural practices is one of the most prominent
principles of ecotourism. A traveller must be respectful and aware of the environment and
cultural practices of the area because it will build positive experience for both traveller and
the host.
10. "Provide direct financial aid for conservation."— Why?
Ans: Ecotourism provides direct financial aid for conservation. It is one of the most
prominent principles of ecotourism. A traveller, in this way, can contribute to the
preservation of an endangered location.
11. Why should a traveller be aware of political and social climate of the host country?
Ans: A traveller should be aware of the political and social climate of the host country
because in this way, the traveller can enrich his/her knowledge and can be aware of the
variety of political and social culture.
12. What is the definition of ecotourism?
Ans: Ecotourism can be defined as low impact travel by which a traveller becomes educated
about the social and political climate and the environment and cultural practices of the
location.
13. What do you understand by 'physical landscape'?
Ans: 'Physical landscape' is patterns of natural environment. Physical landscape mainly
includes mountains and hills, water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea.
14. Why do you think a tourist location needs conservation?
Ans: A tourist location needs conservation because tourists are nature lover. If nature is not
preserved properly, the management of ecotourism will break down. Then, tourists will lose
their interest to enjoy visiting those destinations.
 n h e i j English 
85
15. What is your overall view of the principles of ecotourism?
Ans: The passage deals with the principles of ecotourism. The principles focus on
conservation, education, low impact travel and respect towards environmental and social
climate of the host country. All the principles, I think, are very much appropriate to operate
ecotourism effectively.
16. What, according to you, are the most prominent principles of ecotourism? Mention at
least two.
Ans: The most prominent principles of ecotourism are that it tells to provide direct aid for
conservation and to build a-bond of respect and awareness between a traveller and a host
country.
17. 'Minimize the impact of visiting the location,' — Give at least one example to this
statement.
Ans: Minimizing the impact of visiting the location is a principle of ecotourism. For
example, use of roads of a location must not have negative impact while travelling. A
traveller must be aware of any kind of pollution while using the roads.
18. What can be the benefits of ecotourism according to you?
Ans: There are several benefits of ecotourism. Conservation, education, low impact travel,
respect and awareness towards the environment and social climate are some of them.
19. What are the major aspects of ecotourism?
Ans: The major aspects of ecotourism are conservation, education, low impact travel, and
building awareness of a traveller to respect the environment and social climate of the host
country.
20. What are the two reasons for which ecotourism is becoming popular?
Ans: Ecotourism is becoming popular because of its being environmentally-related and
adventure* travel.
21. Where is Komodo National Park and why is it popular?
Ans: Komodo National Park is in Indonesia and it is very popular for ecotourism as it has a
vast area including islands and water bodies and also because of its unique and endangered
biodiversity.
22. Describe the Komodo National Park.
Ans: Komodo National Park is in Indonesia. It was established in 1980. It is popular for
ecotourism. There are exciting activities at the Park which vary from whale watching to
hiking.
23. What are the activities at Komodo National Park mentioned in the passage?
Ans: The activities at Komodo National Park mentioned in the passage range from whale
watching to hiking.
24. Do tourist accommodations harm the natural environment of the Park? Give reasons.
Ans: No, tourist accommodations do not harm the natural environment of the Park because
there tourist accommodations try to have a low impact on the natural environment.
25. What are the other countries where ecotourism is popular?
Ans: Mainly Central and South American countries are popular for ecotourism. Other
countries where ecotourism is popular are Bolivia, Brazil, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela and
Guatemala.
26. Which parts of America are popular for ecotourism?
Ans: Central and South America are popular for ecotourism.
 n h e i j English 
86
27. Which countries of Central and South America are popular for ecotourism?
Ans: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala and Panama are the countries of
Central and South America where ecotourism is popular.
28. What is your own opinion about ecotourism?
Ans: Ecotourism is very beneficial for both the travellers and the host country if all the
principles are followed. Otherwise, ecotourism may not contribute to the development of the
locations.
29. What is the total land area of Komodo National Park?
Ans: The land area of Komodo National Park is 233 square miles (603 sq.km).
30. What is the total water area of Komodo National Park?
Ans: The water area of Komodo National Park is 469 square miles (1,214 sq.km).
31. Why do you think funding is important for ecotourism?
Ans: Funding is important in ecotourism because it helps conservation process and it
contributes to the development of the poor travel locations.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel .......... environmental and social climate.]
What/who
Event/ Occurrence
What/Why/When
Where/ How
Ecotourism
refers to
(i).......
endangered and often
undisturbed locations
Ecotourism
differs from
(ii)......
Ecotourism
provides funds for
conservation
(iii)..............
Various types of now being classified as (iv) ...........
trips
ecotourism
(v) ....................
sets forth the principles of
ecotourism
 Ans: (i) low impact travel; (ii) traditional tourism; (iii) impoverished places; (iv) due to the
growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel; (v) The International
Ecotourism Society.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the features of ecotourism. (one is done
for you)
[Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel .......... environmental and social climate.]
1. Low impact travel
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
2
1
Different from
Low impact 

traditional
travel
travel
3
Emphasis on
economic
development
4
 Emphasis on
conservation

5
Emphasis on 
education
6
Social and
cultural
participation
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the principles of ecotourism set forth by
the International Ecotourism Society. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel .......... environmental and social climate.]
1. Minimizing the impact
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





of visiting the location
 Ans:
1
Minimizing
the impact of 
visiting the
location
 n h e i j English 
2
Building
respect and
awareness

3
Ensuring
positive
experiences
4
Providing

direct aid for
conservation
5
Providing


financial aid to
local people
6
Raising
awareness of
the travellers
87
(iii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the important features of Komodo
National Park. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia ............ exist in hundreds of more places worldwide.]
1. In Indonesia

2.

3.


4.

5.
6.
 Ans:
2
3
1
233 square
469 square



In Indonesia
miles of land
miles of water
area
area
4
Remarkable activities
ranging from whale
watching to hiking
6
5
Unique and
 Popular for 
endangered
ecotourism
biodiversity
(iv) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the destinations of ecotourism in
Central and South America. (one is done for you)
[Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia ............ exist in hundreds of more places worldwide.]
1. Bolivia

2.
2
Brazil


3.

3
Ecuador

4.
Venezuela

4.

5.
6.
 Ans:
1
Bolivia


5
Guatemala

6
Panama
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed
locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become
educated about the areas- both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It
often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are
often impoverished.
Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of
trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however,
because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural
participation in the locations being visited.
 Ans:
Ecotourism differs from any traditional tourism because it emphasizes on some particular aspects.
For example, conservation, education, low impact travel and social and cultural participation. But
nowadays many trips are getting the fame of ecotourism which are not ecotourism in true sense.
(ii) Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia at Komodo National Park. The park has an area of 233 square
miles (603 sq. km) of land that is spread out over several islands and 469 square miles (1,214 sq.
km) of water. The area was established as a national park in 1980 and is popular for ecotourism
because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from
whale watching to hiking. Tourist accommodations strive to have a low impact on the natural
environment.
Ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America. Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil,
Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Panama. Apart from these places, opportunities for
ecotourism exist in hundreds of more places worldwide.
 Ans:
Komodo National Park in Indonesia is popular for ecotourism because of its unique and
endangered biodiversity. It was established in 1980 and various types of activities are available
Several countries of Central and South America are also popular for ecotourism.
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88
Seen Passage-18
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made
low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together".
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this
faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail
together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day...
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the
prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New
York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania....
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let
freedom ring.
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village
and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all
of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be
able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
[Unit-02, Lesson-3 (B)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1. The speaker expresses — through his speech.
(i) optimism
(ii) pessimism
(iii) despair
(iv) greed
2. What does the word 'jangling' in the passage refer to?
(i) pleasant
(ii) harsh
(iii) soothing
(iv) aggressive
3. The word 'exalted' in line 2 of the passage means —.
(i) humble
(ii) elevated
(iii) humiliated
(iv) bewildered
4. What optimism does Martin express?
(i) They will find their parents.
(ii) They will be the decision maker.
(iii) They will be free one day.
(iv) They will gain the right to move anywhere.
5. The word 'crooked' in line 3 suggests —.
(i) parallel
(ii) having bends and curves
(iii) straight
(iv) smooth
6. The phrase 'mountain of despair' refers to —.
(i) being in an isolated mountain
(ii) climbable rocky mountain
(iii) hopelessness
(iv) hopeless mountain in the underworld
7. ––– is the mission of the writer.
(i) Freedom of America
(ii) Independence of different people
(iii) Freedom of the Negro
(iv) Freedom of every animal
8. What does the phrase symphony of brotherhood' suggest?
(i) unity among same blood relations
(ii) harmonious relationship among citizens
(iii) brothers living apart
(iv) citizens living in isolation
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89
'Jangling discords' in line 7 suggests –––.
(i) harsh attitudes
(ii) lack of faith
(iii) deadlock in relationship
(iv) noticeable disagreements
10. 'Let freedom ring' means —.
(i) freedom should make sounds
(ii) freedom should make people alert
(iii) freedom should appear
(iv) people may achieve freedom
11. We will be able to —.
(i) speed up that day
(ii) become a developed nation
(iii) forget the past
(iv) find out a new way
12. The speaker says with this faith, "We will be able to work together." — What does he
want to mean by this sentence?
(i) beautiful symphony of brotherhood
(ii) the independence of New Hampshire
(iii) freedom of Protestants and Catholics
(iv) glory of the Lord
13. "And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." —
What does it imply?
(i) equality of human being
(ii) glory of nature
(iii) difference between the black and the white (iv) all the above
14. Who are the Catholics?
(i) a race of Christians
(ii) a kind of Buddhists
(iii) an imaginary race
(iv) a kind of Jews
15. The word 'symphony' indicates — condition of people in a country.
(i) anarchic
(ii) chaotic
(iii) peaceful
(iv) wretched
16. The meaning of the word 'despair' is —.
(i) misery
(ii) jovial
(iii) jocund
(iv) matrimony
17. The word 'straight' stands for
(i) direct
(ii) oblique
(iii) rectangular
(iv) quadrilateral .
18. The word 'gentile' refers to –––.
(i) non-Jewish
(ii) pagan
(iii) person having no religion
(iv) atheist
19. The meaning of the word 'glory' is —.
(i) fragile
(ii) magnificence
(iii) notorious
(iv) brittle
20. The meaning of the word 'struggle' in the passage is —.
(i) procession
(ii) obsession
(iii) obligation
(iv) fight
21. The writer thanks God because —.
(i) they will soon become independent
(ii) they are free at last
(iii) America is a great nation
(iv) the rough places have been made free
22. The word 'prodigious' refers to –––.
(i) average
(ii) amazing
(iii) mediocre
(iv) humble
23. The meaning of 'symphony' is —.
(i) piece of music
(ii) piece of pork
(iii) loaf of bread
(iv) pair of scissors
24. The meaning of the word 'spiritual' is—.
(i) religious
(ii) Muslim
(iii) every corner of Mississippi
(iv) the African countries
25. The synonym of 'discord' is —.
(i) accord
(ii) conflict
(iii) agreement
(iv) settlement
9.
 n h e i j English 
90
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What does the speaker dream?
Ans: The speaker dreams that there will be no ups and downs in the surface of the land and
instead the surface will be smooth and straight. In fact, his dream suggests that despite
differences of colours, classes and castes, there will be no racial or any kind of discrimination
among human beings.
(b) What, according to the speaker, can make America a great nation?
Ans: According to the speaker, eradication of racism and freedom can make America a great
nation. He also thinks that to achieve freedom, they must work together, pray together,
struggle together, go to jail together, 'stand up for freedom together.
(c) How will the speaker transform discordant relationships into peaceful brotherhood?
Ans: The speaker hopes that one day all sorts of discriminations will disappear and God's
glory will be sighted. The speaker has also got the belief that they will be able to create a path
of hope amidst the mountain of despair. And with this belief, the speaker will be able to
transform discordant relationships into peaceful brotherhood.
(d) What did Martin Luther King Jr. want to mean by 'Let freedom ring'?
Ans: By 'Let freedom ring', we get the universal message of freedom. Martin Luther King Jr.
cherished a dream of freedom where there would not be any discrimination among blacks and
whites.
(e) How did the speaker want to break the discord of the nation?
Ans: The speaker wanted to break the discord of the nation through his optimistic belief in
humanity and in the power of the Almighty and about the inevitable extinction of racism. He
believed that he would be able to transform the jangling discords of the nation into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood.
(f) Do you agree with the speaker "Free at last! Free at last!"? Why?
Ans: Yes, I agree with the speaker's belief that one day the Negroes will be free. One day, the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed and then God's children — black men and white men, Jews
and gentiles, Protestants and Catholic will live happily forgetting all differences among them.
(g) What does the speaker express by "Every valley shall be exalted"?
Ans: The speaker by the expression 'Every valley shall be exalted' wants to mean that every
state will be glorious where there will remain no sort of social discrimination between the
destitute and the rich, and all sorts of bad rules will be modified for the betterment of all men.
(h) What do you mean by 'a mountain of despair and a stone of hope'?
Ans: The phrase mountain of despair signifies great depression about the adverse situation
Martin Luther King Jr. faced during his lifetime in America and a stone of hope suggests us
the optimistic belief about the eradication of racial segregation that he bore in mind.
(i) When will all Americans sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual?
Ans: When freedom will predominate in every village, every hamlet, every state and every
city and when all people irrespective of caste, creed and colour will be able to join hands, all
Americans will sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual.
(j) How will you explain the way the speaker is advocating freedom?
Ans: The speaker, in fact, desires that America will be a great nation one day. But to make
America so, freedom is a must in America. And to ensure freedom in every corner of
America, the speaker believes, the Americans must work together forgetting all sorts of
discriminations. The speaker dreams of such an America in which there will be no distinction
and everywhere there will remain 'a symphony of brotherhood'.
 n h e i j English 
91
(k) Which of the dreams do you appreciate more?
Ans: "I have a dream that my four little Children one day live in a nation where they will not
be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character." — I appreciate this
dream more.
(l) What things will people do together?
Ans: With a firm faith in mind, people will work together, ray together, struggle together, go
to jail together and if need be, they will stand up for freedom together with renewed hopes
leaving behind despair.
(m)How, according to Martin Luther King Jr., will this faith form the sense of togetherness?
Ans: Martin Luther King Jr. believes that one day the racial discrimination will get extinct and
the glory of the Lords all be revealed. With this faith, he wants to work together, pray
together, to struggle together, go to jail together if needs be, to stand up for freedom together
with renewed hopes behind leaving despair. Thus, according to Martin Luther King Jr. this
faith will form the sense of togetherness among his fellow people.
(n) According to Luther King Jr., how could America be a great nation?
Ans: According to Luther King Jr. to be a great nation, Americans needed to be united
irrespective of the colour of the skin or race.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[I have a dream that one day every valley shall be ................God Almighty, we are free at last!"]
Who/What
Event/Activity
Where
When/How
Martin Luther King dreams that racial disparity will
(i) –––
one day
Jr.
vanish
(ii) –––
will be able to transform the
(iii) –––
jangling discords into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood
America
(iv) –––
when the black and the
white people will do
every work together
The Negro
(v) –––
at last
 Ans: (i) America; (ii) The Negro; (iii) with their optimistic spirit; (iv) will be a great nation; (v)
will get freedom.
Or, Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the dreams of Martin Luther King Jr.
(one is done for you)
[I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted........this must become true.]
1. One day every valley
to be exalted

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
4.
1.
2.
3.
5.
Jangling discords to be
One day
Hills and
Rough places
One day
transformed into a





every valley
mountains to
to be made
freedom to
beautiful symphony of
to be exalted
be made low
plain ones
be achieved
brotherhood
6.
America to
be a great
nation
3. Summarize the following text.
(i) I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made
low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together".
 n h e i j English 
92
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this
faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail
together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day...
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
 Ans:
The author is hopeful that racial disparity, injustice, etc. will one day vanish from America and
everybody will see in America a nation of equality, justice and brotherhood. Despair will expire
and hope will prevail instead. Discord will be replaced by accord. All nations will be able to work
together, pray together and stand up for freedom together.
(ii) Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania....
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let
freedom ring.
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village
and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all
of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be
able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
 Ans:
In this passage, the author's ardent desire for freedom has been portrayed with aid of several
metaphors such as prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire, the mighty mountains of New York,
etc. Through these metaphors, it is asserted that all of God's children irrespective of black or
white, Jews or gentiles, Protestants or Catholics, have rights to enjoy freedom.
Seen Passage-19
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there
are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things : infancy (birth to age 2),
early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years).
Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some who will try
to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these
stages irrespective of their economic or social status.
World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and
development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the
critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast paced growth and change which
are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and
development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The
biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining
characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This
period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than
before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their
grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education,
urbanization and spread of global communication.
[Unit-04, Lesson-1 (B)]
 n h e i j English 
93
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
The most complicated stage in human life is –––.
(i) infancy
(ii) adolescence
(iii) adulthood
(iv) old age
2.
most of the growth and development occurs during –––.
(i) infancy
(ii) childhood
(iii) later childhood
(iv) adolescence
3.
––– is characterized by fast paced growth.
(i) Adolescence
(ii) Adulthood
(iii) From 30-40 years
(iv) Later childhood
4.
"The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal. "Here the word 'fairly'
means –––.
(i) finely
(ii) forcefully
(iii) some extent
(iv) completely
5.
The best synonyms of 'phase' is –––.
(i) Phrase
(ii) stage
(iii) time
(iv) situation
6.
To become adults, children have –––.
(i) to get proper education
(ii) to have good intelligence
(iii) to be social
(iv) to pass several stages of life
7.
Adolescence is –––.
(i) a stage of life
(ii) last stage for becoming an adult
(iii) a grooming period of life
(iv) last stage of life
8.
What could be the closest meaning of 'adult' in the passage?
(i) immature
(ii) grown-up
(iii) juvenile
(iv) child
9.
What could be the closest meaning of 'identity' in the passage?
(i) mistake
(ii) overlook
(iii) generalize
(iv) ascertain
10. What is meant by ' transition?
(i) stagnation
(ii) stoppage
(iii) obstacle
(iv) changeover
11. Adolescence usually starts at the age of –––.
(i) eight
(ii) nine
(iii) twelve
(iv) thirteen
12. Who stands for –––.
(i) World Humans Organisation
(ii) World Humanity Organism
(iii) World Health Organisation
(iv) World Higher Organisation
13. Duration of each stage of human life –––.
(i) are static
(ii) may vary
(iii) in same everywhere (iv) is universal
14. The most sensitive stage in human life is –––.
(i) infancy
(ii) childhood
(iii) adolescence
(iv) maturity
15. What is meant by 'biological'?
(i) oranic
(ii) inorganic
(iii) natural
(iv) automatic
16. What could be the closest meaning of 'onset' in the passage?
(i) conclusion
(ii) result
(iii) commencement
(iv) termination
17. Thw Word ' infancy' used in the line 2 means –––.
(i) usually the period of first two years from birth
(ii) the condition of being young
(iii) the period of life from puberty to the attainment of full growth
(iv) the first or early period of anything
18. The term closest in meaning to adolescence is –––.
(i) infancy
(ii) childhood
(iii) puberty
(iv) adulthood
19. The pace of growth at adolescence is fast, but less fast that that at –––.
(i) infancy
(ii) early childhood
(iii) later childhood
(iv) adulthood
 n h e i j English 
94
20.
Which word can be used instead of 'vary' used in line 13?
(i) similarize
(ii) differ
(iii) aline
(iv) culminate
21. The word 'adulthood' used in line 8 means –––.
(i) the state of being a boy
(ii) the early stage in the existence of something
(iii) the state of maturity
(iv) the corresponding period in the existence of anything
22. Adolescence is actually a period of –––.
(i) maturity
(ii) transitions
(iii) critical physical condition
(iv) stability
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) Which significant developments do the adolescents experience?
Ans: The adolescents experience several significant developments. Apart from physical and
sexual maturation, these experiences embrace movement towards social and economic
independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult
relationship and role and the capacity for abstract reasoning.
(b) Why does the duration of adolescence differ in different places?
Ans: Duration of adolescence differs in different places due to time, cultural and socioeconomic situations.
(c) What things occur during the period of adolescence?
Ans: In the period of adolescence, a critical transition occurs. At this time, adolescents
experience fast paced growth and change. Biological processes drive many aspects of this
growth and development with the beginning of puberty marking the passage from childhood
to adolescence.
(d) Mention the stages of growth from childhood to adulthood.
Ans: The stages of human growth up to adulthood are infancy (birth to age 2), early
childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years).
Moreover, people over 18 are considered adults in our society.
(e) What things may bring about variation in the duration and characteristics of
adolescence?
Ans: Biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal. But some factors such as
time, cultures and socio-economic situations bring about variation in the duration and
characteristics of adolescence.
(f) What are the changes found in adolescence over the past century?
Ans: Many changes are found in adolescence over the past century. Some examples of these
changes are late puberty, people's marrying late, their changed sexual attitudes and
behaviours different from their grandparents or even parents.
(g) How does WHO define adolescence?
Ans: WHO (World Health Organisation) defines adolescence as the period in human growth
and development that occur's after childhood and before adulthood.
(h) What are the factors responsible for changes in adolescence?
Ans: The factors which are responsible for changes in adolescence over time are education,
urbanization and spread of global communication.
(i) Why do people marry late now than before?
Ans: People now marry late than before. This is due to the changes brought about by
education, urbanisation and their cultural advancement.
 n h e i j English 
95
(j) "The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal." - Explain in your
own words.
Ans: The expression, "The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal",
means that almost all the adolescents of the world are subject to certain biological
determinants. Thee determinants control their physical and mental characteristics.
(k) Why is adolescence the time of preparation?
Ans: The time of adolescence is a period of preparation because during this period an
adolescent gets physically and mentally prepared for facing the risks and responsibilities of
adulthood.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies ............... and spread of global communication.]
What/Who
Events/ Occurrences
How/ What
When / Why
Human growth and
occurs
(i)......
development
Adolescence
in characterized
(ii)......
(iii)........
may vary
depending on time,
cultures and socioeconomic situations
The period of adolescence
has met
(iv) .....
(v).....
 Ans: (i) during adolescence; (ii) by fast paced growth and change; (iii) The duration and defining
characteristics of adolescence; (iv) many changes; (v) over the past century.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing the traits of adolescence. (one is done
for you)
[World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies ............... and spread of global communication.]
1. Period in human
growth and
development

2.

3.


4
Fast-paced
growth and
change
4.

5.

6.
 Ans:
1.
2
Period in
Period after
human
 childhood and 
growth and
before
development
adulthood
3
Critical
transition in
lifespan

6
5
Variation of the
Passage from
 duration and
childhood to
defining
adolescence
characteristics
(ii) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing various stages children pass through to
become adults. (one is done for you)
[Children must pass through several stages ............ and spread of global communication]
1. Infancy
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.





 Ans:
1.
Infancy
3.

2.
Early
childhood
3.


Later childhood
4.
Adolescence

5.
Attainment of 
adulthood
6.
Onset of
puberty
Summarize the following text.
World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and
development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the
critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast paced growth and change which
are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and
 n h e i j English 
96
development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The
biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining
characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This
period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than
before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their
grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education,
urbanization and spread of global communication.
 Ans: World Health Organisation identifies adolescence as the period in human life occurring after
childhood and before adulthood. This is one of the critical transitions in one's lifespan. Biological
processes drive many aspects of this growth with the onset of puberty. Some variations take place
because of education, urbanisation and spread of global communication.
Seen Passage-20
 Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan
Senior Secondary School, Karnal. She is the first Indian-born woman and the second person in
space from this sub-continent. After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab
Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the United States the same year. She
obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984.
Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado.
Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke
apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined
NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S citizenship and
started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She
spoke the following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your
intelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as many as 252 times around the Earth.
Her first space mission (Mission STS 87) began on 19 November 1997 with six other astronauts
on the Space Shuttle Columbia. On her first mission that lasted for 15 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes
and 4 seconds, she travelled 6.5 million miles. She was responsible for deploying the Spartan
Satellite which however malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Tako
Doi, two of her fellow astronauts, to retrieve the satellite.
[Unit-01, Lesson-3 (A)]
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
1.
As a woman space traveller, in Indian subcontinent, Chawla was the –––.
(i) first
(ii) second
(iii) third
(iv) fourth
2.
The word 'intelligence' stands for –––.
(i) stupid
(ii) uncouth
(iii) smartness
(iv) wisdom
3.
What happened in challenger disaster in 1986?
(i) The disaster killed seven crew members.
(ii) It crashed after take-off
(iii) Its engine stopped working.
(iv) It's propellor broke down.
4.
Chawla left for the USA in –––.
(i) 1984
(ii) 1985
(iii) 1982
(iv) 1983
5.
What is the other name for Space Shuttle Columbia?
(i) Challenger
(ii) Mission STS 87
(iii) CFD
(iv) MiG-15UTI
6.
Her first space mission started in –––.
(i) 1997
(ii) 1991
(iii) 1984
(iv) 1988
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97
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
The name of Chawla's first space mission was –––.
(i) Mission STS 85
(ii) Mission STS 86
(iii) Mission STS 87
(iv) Mission STS 88
'Aeronautical Engineering' refers to –––.
(i) flying aeroplane
(ii) aerial navigation
(iii) the study of engineering in aviation
(iv) study of science and technology
What responsibility was imposed upon Chawla on her first space mission?
(i) to travel at high speed
(ii) to take care of her fellow astronauts
(iii) to deploy the Spartan Satellite
(iv) to fulfil her duty with utmost sincerity
"She was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite...." ––– What does it imply?
(i) She was given the duty to replace the Spartan Satellite.
(ii) She was given the responsibility of setting up the Spartan Satellite.
(iii) She was responsible for destroying the Spartan Satellite.
(iv) The responsibility of removing the Spartan Satellite fell upon her.
The Challenger disaster snatched away –––.
(i) the life of six crew members
(ii) all the properties of seven crew members
(iii) the life of seven crew members
(iv) all the belongings of six crew members
Chawla in her first space journey was accompanied by –––.
(i) four other astronauts
(ii) five other astronauts
(iii) six other astronauts
(iv) seven other astronauts
Why did Winston Scott and Tako Doi need a space walk?
(i) Because they needed fresh air.
(ii) Because they felt suffocated inside the spaceship
(iii) Because they needed to retrieve the satellite.
(iv) Because the Spartan Satellite did not function properly.
Chawla joined NASA in –––.
(i) 1987
(ii) 1988
(iii) 1989
(iv) 1990
After joining NASA, she started working there –––.
(i) as general researcher
(ii) as a full - fledged scientist
(iii) as a Vice President
(iv) as an adviser
'Vertical' can be best replaced by –––.
(i) slanting
(ii) curved
(iii) upright
(iv) roundabout
The word 'weightlessness' means –––.
(i) huge
(ii) having no actual weight
(iii) high
(iv) heavy
The best synonym of 'malfunction' –––.
(i) misfunction
(ii) unbreakable
(iii) flawless
(iv) disintegrate
What do you think is the appropriate meaning of 'obtain' in line 4?
(i) search
(ii) undertake
(iii) acquire
(iv) hold
The word 'determined' refers to –––.
(i) adamant
(ii) wavering
(iii) indecisive
(iv) confused
In NASA, Chawla researched on –––.
(i) jet and space engine
(ii) perpendicular take -off and departure
(iii) vertical take off and landing
(iv) super beings existing in the space
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98
Chawla graduated in ––– from Punjab Engineering College.
(i) Mechanical Engineering
(ii) Computer Engineering
(iii) Aerospace Engineering
(iv) Hardware Engineering
23. It was 1991 when Chawla –––.
(i) took training for space journey
(ii) researched on Aerospace Engineering
(iii) got the us citizenship
(iv) got the citizenship of Arab Emirates
24. In 1995, Chawla started her career
(i) as a researcher of NASA
(ii) as a NASA astronaut
(iii) as a civil engineer
(iv) as an administrative officer
25. It was 1996 when –––.
(i) Chawla was married to her colleague
(ii) Chawla was attacked with unknown disease
(iii) Chawla finished her training on space
(iv) Chawla was selected for her first flight
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What do you know about Chawla's early life?
Ans: Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in a small town at Karnal, India. She
initially got educated at a local school and was later enrolled into Punjab Engineering
College to complete her graduation degree in Aeronautical Engineering.
(b) How can you account for Chawla's courage and valour?
Ans: Chawla had an invincible desire and firm determination to become an astronaut. She did
not lose heart even when she learnt about the Challenger disaster in .1986 which caused the
deaths of all its crew members.
(c) "You are just your intelligence." What did Chawla mean by this?
Ans: By this expression, Chawla meant that intellect is behind all our success. Our success,
fame or greatness are the products of our intellectual power or brain. And by using our
intellect, we gain our desired goal.
(d) What do you know about Chawla's educational qualifications?
Ans: Chawla graduated from Punjab Engineering MS College in Aeronautical Engineering_
in 1982. After moving to the USA, she completed her S in Aerospace Engineering from the
university of Texas. She obtained a PhD in the same subject from the University of Colorado.
(e) How was Kalpana Chawla an inspiration for the Indians?
Ans: For millions of Indian people including young ladies — the story of Kalpana Chawla, a
girl from a. small town who touched the skies, became an inspiration.
(f) What is Columbia? What happened to it?
Ans: Columbia is the Space Shuttle that Chawla used in her space mission. But the Space
Shuttle disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere killing all the crew
including Kalpana Chawla.
(g) Do you know anything else about Kalpana Chawla?
Ans: Besides being an astronaut, Chawla was licensed to fly single and multiengine land
airplanes, single engine seaplanes and gliders. She was also a certified flight instructor.
(h) Do you think Chawla is an inspirational figure or model for both male and female
people? Why/Why not? Explain it in 2/ 3 sentences.
Ans: Yes. I think that Chawla is a great inspirational figure or model for both male and
female people. Because in spite of being a woman and facing various difficulties, she
completed education in a very difficult subject and took up a very adventurous career in
which she showed great success.
22.
 n h e i j English 
99
(i) Describe in brief Kalpana Chawla's first space mission.
Ans: Chawla's first space mission (Mission STS 87) began on 19 November 1997 with six
other astronauts on the Space Shuttle Columbia.' The mission lasted for 15 -days, 16 hours,
34 minutes and 4 seconds. She travelled 6.5 million miles as many as 252 times around the
Earth. She was responsible for setting up the Spartan Satellite that however malfunctioned.
(j) How many miles did Chawla travel in space? How long did she stay in space?
Ans: Chawla travelled 6.5 million miles in space. She stayed there for 15 days, 16 hours, 34
minutes and 4 seconds.
2. Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
[Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed ........ as many as 252 times around the Earth.]
What/ Who
Events/ Occurrence
When
Where
Chawla
graduated in Aeronautical Engineering in 1982 (i) from.......
She
moved to the United States
(ii).......
She
(iii) .........................
in 1984 from the University of
Texas
She
didi her phD in Aerospace Engineering
(iv) ........
(v)
caused death of seven crew members
in 1986
 Ans: (i) Punjab Engineering College, India; (ii) in 1982; (iii) obtained her Master's degree in
Aerospace Engineering; (iv) from the University of Colorado; (v) Challenger disaster.
Or,
(i) Read the above text and make a flow chart showing Chawla's life, education and career.
(one is done for you)
[Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed ........ as many as 252 times around the Earth.]
1. Born in Karnal, India 
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.




 Ans:
2.
1.
Completed
Born in
earlier


Karnal, India
schooling at a
local school
3.
Graduated in
1982
4.
Obtained
5.
6.
Master's degree
Did PhD in the


 Joined NASA in
from the
University of
1988
University of
Colorado
Texas
3.
Summarize the following text.
Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan
Senior Secondary School, Karnal. She is the first Indian-born woman and the second person in
space from this sub-continent. After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab
Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the United States the same year. She
obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984.
Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado.
Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke
apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined
NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S citizenship and
started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She
spoke the following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your
intelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as many as 252 times around the Earth.
 Ans: Chawla, born in India, completed her preliminary engineering education in India. Then she
moved to the United States and obtained her Master's degree and did her PhD in Aerospace
Engineering from there. Determined to become an astronaut, Chawla joined NASA in 1988 and
began working there as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid Dynamics research.
She was selected for her first flight and travelled 10.67 million miles.
 n h e i j English 
100
Seen Passage-21

1.
1.
2.
3.
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy,
as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the
world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela
never lost his resolve to fight for his people‘s emancipation. He was determined to bring down
apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of
the world.
―I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during
my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,‖ Mandela said in his
acceptance speech on becoming South Africa‘s first black president in 1994, … ―The time for
the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.‖
―We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.‖ In 1993, Mandela was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize, an honour he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had
freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on
to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of
challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.
He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen:
―Don‘t call me. I‘ll call you.‖ But he remained one of the world‘s most revered public figures,
combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.
―He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,‖ Nadine
Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. The years
Mandela spent behind bars made him the world‘s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader
of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his
country‘s borders.
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his
political testimony. ―During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African
people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.‖ ―I
have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities,‖ he told the court. ―It is an ideal I hope to live for and to
achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.‖ Friends adored Mandela
and fondly called him ―Madiba‖, the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his
humanity, kindness and dignity.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:
What does the word guide mean?
i) to show the way
ii) book or magazine
iii) to explain something
iv) to help somebody move
What does the phrase civil war mean?
i) A war between two countries
ii) A war between groups of people in the same country
iii) A war between two groups without weapons
iv) A war that does not bring any result
Which of the followings is the correct meaning of free used in the passage?
i) to liberate a country
ii) to allow somebody to leave prison
iii) to remove something that is unpleasant
iv) to make something available for a particular purpose
 n h e i j English 
101
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Which of the following word describes Nelson Mandela best?
i) charismatic
ii) tyrannical
iii) fiery
iv) uncompromising
What does apartheid refer to in the first paragraph?
i) apart
ii) distance
iii) discrimination
iv) dialogue
Nelson Mandela fought —
i) against multi-racial democracy
ii) against apartheid
iii) in favour of apartheid
iv) for the independence of South Africa
The word icon in the text means —
i) portrait
ii) image
iii) symbol
iv) idol
In the 2nd paragraph, by political emancipation Mandela has indicated —
i) white minority rule
ii) black minority rule
iii) complete democracy
iv) avoidance of civil war
What does shackles refer to? —
i) restraints
ii) sick
iii) stigma
iv) spur
Race discrimination refers to —
i) differences on the basis of caste, creed and colour
ii) competition among the members of a race
iii) demoralization of people
iv) domination of others
Nelson Mandela is considered a/an —
i) symbol of apartheid
ii) emblem of peace and harmony
iii) icon of love
iv) epitome of democracy
The word manifestation means —
i) presentation
ii) right
iii) change
iv) sign
In a democratic and free society—
i) the minorities are given special opportunities
ii) the majorities are given special opportunities
iii) everybody enjoys equal opportunities
iv) a chosen class enjoys better opportunities
The word healing means —
i) curing
ii) heating
iii) soothing
iv) ailing
―Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people‘s emancipation.‖ What does this
statement imply?
i) Imprisonment made him inactive.
ii) He lost his endeavour for a short time.
iii) He gave in to the resolve of the white rulers.
iv) He continued his endeavour to make his people free.
The word chasm refers to —
i) cleft
ii) top
iii) hatred
iv) border
Nelson Mandela struggled for —
i) the establishment of socialism in South Africa
ii) the establishment of equal rights and freedom for all people of South Africa
 n h e i j English 
102
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
iii) initiating white domination in South Africa
iv) ending black domination in South Africa
The word emancipation is —
i) participation
ii) encouragement
iii) expectation
iv) liberation
As an advocate of human dignity Mandela‘s role was —
i) confined to meet the challenges of political repression.
ii) to find out remedy for AIDS.
iii) to alleviate the darkness of illiteracy.
iv) to face the challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.
What does the word embody refer to?
i) mean
ii) indicate
iii) represent
iv) modify
Which one of the following statements is true?
i) Mandela fought against black people
ii) Mandela fought against white people
iii) Mandela fought against white domination
iv) Mandela fought against both white and black domination
The word charisma means:
i) magic
ii) strength
iii) charm
iv) trick
Which one of the following words describes Nelson Mandela best?
i) president
ii) leadership
iii) black
iv) warrior
The word ideal refers to —
i) a person or thing regarded as perfect
ii) a principle to be aimed at
iii) a struggle for prosperity
iv) the comfortable situation
The elements of Mandela‘s ideal society are —
i) democracy and fraternity
ii) harmony and apathy
iii) equality, harmony and democracy
iv) frugality, brutality and equality
What does the word reconciliation mean in the passage?
i) repair
ii) reconstruction
iii) reunion
iv) reproduction
What does the expression from the shackles of apartheid mean?
i) There existed equality in South Africa.
ii) There was no racial discrimination in South Africa.
iii) There was racial discrimination in South Africa.
iv) There prevailed democracy in South Africa.
What does negotiate mean in the passage?
i) equal
ii) cure
iii) discuss
iv) sit
What is the ideal for which Nelson Mandela is prepared to die?
i) autocratic society
ii) democratic and free society
iii) feudal society
iv) socialist society
The word celebrity means —
i) liberal
ii) simple
iii) star
iv) conservative
 n h e i j English 
103
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
B.
Which of the following statements is not true?
i) Nelson Mandela had to go to jail.
ii) People of South Africa underwent race discrimination.
iii) After being the President of South Africa, Mendela won Nobel Prize.
iv) Mandela left public life at the age of 85.
Mandela was determined to — apartheid.
i) establish
ii) eradicate
iii) bring
iv) continue
What does laud mean in the passage?
i) defame
ii) put down
iii) praise
iv) rebuke
"Don't call me. I‘ll call you." Here you refers to —
i) F.W. de Klerk
ii) The people of South Africa
iii) Mandela‘s friends and relatives
iv) The black people
In the passage "the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa" refers to —
i) the central point of South Africa vertically above the focus of an earthquake
ii) the focal point of destruction of South Africa in this time
iii) the focal point to change for betterment of South Africa in this time
iv) the central region of South Africa
"I have fought it all during my life". What does it refer to here?
i) AIDS
ii) a civil war
iii) race discrimination
iv) South Africa‘s Presidentship
Nelson Mandela was —
i) against race discrimination
ii) an autocratic ruler
iii) the first white president of South Africa
iv) all of the above
What does the phrase behind bars mean?
i) behind a wall
ii) in prison
iii) in a specified house
iv) in a pub
Nelson Mandela is considered as a .
i) symbol of destruction
ii) epitome of democracy
iii) emblem of peace and harmony
iv) icon of love
Nelson Mandela was called 'Madiba' by his friend because 
i) it was his clan name
ii) he was in prison for a long time
iii) he loved his friends very much
iv) he fought for the emancipation of people
Answer the following questions:
(a) Why is Nelson Mandela called "an icon of peace and reconciliation"?
Ans: Nelson Mandela led South Africa to breaking the shackles of apartheid. He intended
to build a multi-racial democracy without shedding a drop of blood. That's why Mandela is
called "an icon of peace and reconciliation."
(b) "The time for the healing of the wounds has come"  what did Mandela mean by
this line?
Ans: This is a line from Mandela's speech which he delivered after becoming the first black
president of South Africa. So, it can be easily understood that here Mandela tried to focus
on the racial problem of South Africa that had come to an end. In fact, he meant to say that
the very hour to bridge the gap between the white people and the black people had arrived.
 n h e i j English 
104
(c)
Why do you think Nadine Gordimer said that Mandela was at the epicenter of their
time and others too?
Ans: Nadine Gordimer is a writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature. By placing Mandela
at the epicenter of their and others' time, she meant to say that Mandela was a universal
character, a classic. He was the ideal for all nations struggling for their rights.
(d)
When Mandela said, "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought
against black domination", which quality of him did you find?
Ans: It was a part of a universal speech given by Nelson Mandela. This very sentence
shows Mandela's liberal quality. He was not biased towards the black people despite being
black himself. He wanted to form a multi-racial country for all indiscriminately.
(e)
Why was Mandela also called 'Madiba'? Explain in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: Mandela was fondly called 'Madiba'. It was his clan name by which people used to
call him dearly.
(f)
From your reading of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs, mention the reason of Nelson
Mandela‘s struggle.
Ans: The first and the second paragraphs clearly show that Nelson Mandela struggled for
the emancipation of his people from the shackles of apartheid.
(g)
Who was F.W. de Klerk? What do you know about him from the passage?
Ans: F.W. de Klerk was a white African leader. He freed Nelson Mandela from prison and
negotiated the end of apartheid. He became a Nobel Laureate for peace.
(h)
"Don‘t call me. I‘ll call you." Who said this? Why did he say this? Write in 2/3
sentences.
Ans: Nelson Mandela said this. He said this because he retired from his public life.
However, he did not retire from his ideal. When needed, he would call his people again to
defend his deal.
(i)
What is the ideal of Mandela? Do you support his ideal? Why/Why not? Explain in
2/3 sentences.
Ans: Yes, I know a leader of our country who struggled like Nelson Mandela. He is none
but Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Nelson Mandela struggled for the
emancipation of his people from the white minority rule. Likewise, Bangabandhu struggled
for the emancipation of his people from the shackles of the oppressive Pakistani rulers.
(j)
Do you know any other leader who struggled like Nelson Mandela? Write in brief.
Ans: Yes, I know a leader of our country who struggled like Nelson Mandela. He is none
but Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Nelson Mandela struggled for the
emancipation of his people from the white minority rule. Likewise, Bangabandhu struggled
for the emancipation of his people from the shackles of the oppressive Pakistani rulers.
(k)
"I have fought it all during my life. I will fight it now and will do so until the end of
my days." Who said this? When?
Ans: Nelson Mandela who guided South Africa from the shackles of race discrimination to a
multiracial race democracy said, "I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now and
will do so until the end of my days." Mandela said this in 1994 in his acceptance speech on
becoming South Africa's first black president.
 n h e i j English 
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Seen Passage-22

1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
Read the following passage taken from the historic speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman and answer the following questions.
The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways
crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the
elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial
Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our
boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power
and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government, he declared that he would give us a
constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and
elections have taken place.
I‘ve met President Yahya Khan. I‘ve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also
as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: ―You must hold the
session of the National Assembly on 15 January‖. But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr.
Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We
said, ―Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then‖. I said we will carry out our
discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was
just, even though we were in the majority we would agree to that offer.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:
What does the word history mean in the passage?
i) past
ii) narration
iii) story
iv) description
Which of the followings is the meaning of the word victor?
i) defeat
ii) winner
iii) successor
iv) dark horse
What is the meaning of form in the passage?
i) develop
ii) fashion
iii) establish
iv) document
What does declare mean?
i) to read something
ii) to utter formally
iii) to say informally
iv) to announce officially
What does the word crimson refer to?
i) clean
ii) glorify
iii) red
iv) fulfill
What does the expression "I went so far as to say" refer to?
i) I went far away to say
ii) I even said
iii) I reached in a distant place
iv) I wanted to say
The word shed refers to
i) shadow
ii) exude
iii) throw
iv) scatter
What does the word enslave mean in the passage?
i) support
ii) favour
iii) offer
iv) subjugate
What does the clause "We shed blood in 1952" mean in the passage?
i) Bangladesh came into being in 1952.
ii) We donated our blood in 1952.
iii) The real history of Bengal emerged in 1952. iv) We sacrificed our lives in 1952.
 n h e i j English 
106
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
The word assume means —
i) undertake
ii) expect
iii) guess
iv) require
What is Martial Law?
i) the rules and regulation of a country set by a man called ‗Martial‘
ii) the control of a city, country,etc. by the army
iii) the regime of a leading political party
iv) none of them
What does carry out refer to?
i) carry on
ii) leave
iii) accomplish
iv) think
The six point movement was launched — years after Ayub Khan had declared Martial
Law.
i) 11
ii) 12
iii) 10
iv) 08
What does the sentence "Ayub Khan fell from power" mean?
i) Ayub Khan had to resign from power
ii) Ayub Khan died
iii) Ayub Khan became the Premier
iv) Ayub Khan rebuilt the constitution
What is the meaning of the word repeatedly in the passage?
i) once
ii) only
iii) frequently
iv) infrequently
What was the request made by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to the then President?
i) to step down as President
ii) to listen to Mr. Bhutto
iii) to hold the session of the National Assembly
iv) to declare democracy
Which of the followings is a correct statement?
i) This speech was made by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
ii) Ayub Khan assumed the reigns after Yahya Khan
iii) Mr. Bhutto listened to what Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said
iv) Yahya Khan held the session on 15 January
— was the person in charge of the party that had the majority in Pakistan?
i) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
ii) Yahya Khan
iii) Mr. Bhutto
iv) Ayub Khan
What is the meaning of reins in the passage?
i) a political party
ii) control of something
iii) to give something
iv) to carry out a job
Which of the followings is the correct meaning of the word restore used in the passage?
i) re-establish
ii) recover
iii) cure
iv) update
What does the statement "Yahya Khan assumed the reins" refer to?
i) Yahya Khan resigned
ii) Yahya Khan took control of the government
iii) Yahya Khan handed over power to Ayub Khan
iv) Yahya Khan restored democracy
What is the meaning of the word Assembly?
i) a meeting
ii) a group of people
iii) the state
iv) none of them
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22.
What does just mean in the passage?
i) impartial
ii) perfectly
iii) simply
iv) now
23. Which part of speech is the word enslave?
i) noun
ii) adjective
iii) verb
iv) adverb
B. Answer the following questions:
(a) Why do you think Ayub Khan declared Martial Law? Explain in brief.
Ans: Despite our victory in the election of 1954, we could not form a government. Amidst
this, in 1958, Ayub Khan declared Martial Law and as a consequence, we had been enslaved
for the next ten years. Thus, with a view to restraining us from forming the government,
Ayub Khan imposed Martial Law.
(b) "We shed blood in 1952"-why did Bangabandhu say this?
Ans: By the statement, Bangabandhu referred to the Language Movement held in 1952. For
our mother tongue, we had to sacrifice our lives. Many of our people embraced death for
language in 1952. Thus, Bangabandhu showed our sacrifices and West Pakistan's cruelty
here.
(c) Do you think Yahya Khan was the man of his word? Why/Why not? Explain in brief.
Ans: I don't think Yahya Khan was the man of his word. After assuming the reins of the
government in 1969, he declared that he would give us a constitution and also promised to
restore democracy. However, he later followed the footsteps of Ayub Khan and did not keep
his word.
(d) Why did Sheikh Mujibur Rahman meet president Yahya Khan?
Ans: Bangabandhu Shiekh Majibur Rahman met president Yahya Khan in order to request
him to hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January.
(e) From your reading of the passage, mention the reasons why Ayub Khan fell from
power.
Ans: With the declaration of Martial Law by Ayub Khan, the people of East Pakistan were
forced to restrain from forming a government. In 1969, a mass movement occurred. Under
immense pressure, Ayub Khan was forced to resign and hand over power to Yahya Khan.
(f) Which qualities of a leader did you find in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
Explain in brief from your reading of the last paragraph of the passage.
Ans: The last paragraph portrays the request of Bangabandhu towards Yahya Khan to hold
the session of the National Assembly on 15 January. Nevertheless, Yahya Khan kept
postponing the date which intrigued Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to propose an offer regardless
of being the leader of the party that had the majority in Pakistan. By this, we can infer that
Bangabandhu was tolerant, understanding, peace-loving and democratic as well.
(g)
Yahya Khan followed the footsteps of Ayub Khan  Do you agree with that? Why/Why
not? Explain in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: I completely agree with the fact that Yahya Khan followed the footsteps of Ayub Khan.
Ayub Khan imposed Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years. Yahya Khan, on the
other hand, did not keep his word of restoring democracy as well as giving us a constitution
which is a clear indication to the fact that Yahya Khan was no different from Ayub Khan.
 n h e i j English 
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(h)
(i)
"We could not form a government." What does the sentence imply? Explain in 2/3
sentences.
Ans: Despite winning the election, we could not form a government. The statement implies
the suppression of Ayub Khan, the dictator of the then Pakistan, who afterwards in 1958,
declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years.
What did Bangabandhu request Yahya Khan on behalf of Bengal and as a leader of the
majority? Explain in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: Bangabandhu, on behalf of Bengal and as a leader of the majority, requested Yahya
Khan to hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January. However, Yahya Khan did
not pay any heed to the requisition of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Instead, he listened to Mr.
Bhutto and kept postponing the date of holding the session of National Assembly.
Seen Passage-23

1.
1.
2.
3.
Read the passage and answer the questions.
My brothers,
The Assembly has been called into session on the 25th of March. But the blood spilled on our
streets has not yet dried. About the 10th of this month, I have told them: Mujibur Rahman won‘t
join the Round Table Conference because that would mean wading over the blood that has been
shed. Although you have called the Assembly into session, you‘ll have to listen to my demands
first. You‘ll have to withdraw Martial Law. You‘ll have to return all army personnel to their
barracks. You‘ll have to investigate the way our people have been murdered. And you‘ll have to
transfer power to the representatives of the people. It is only then that I‘ll decide whether we will
take our seats in the Assembly or not. I don‘t want the Prime Minister‘s office. We want the
people of this country to have their rights. I want to state clearly that from this day Bangladesh‘s
courts, magistracies, government offices and educational institutions will be shut down
indefinitely. So that the poor don‘t have to suffer, so that my people don‘t have to go through
hardships, all other things will be exempted from the General Strike from tomorrow. Rickshaws,
horse carriages, trains, and launches will be allowed to move. Only the Secretariat, the Supreme
Court, the High Court, Judges‘ Court, and semi-government organizations such as WAPDA will
not be allowed to work. On the 28th employees will go and collect their salaries. If their salaries
are not paid, if another bullet is fired, if my people are shot dead again, I request all of you:
convert every house into a fort; confront the enemy with whatever you have. And even at the risk
of your life, and even if I am not around to direct you, shut down all shops and make sure that
traffic on all roads and ports are brought to a standstill. If need be, we will starve to death, but
we‘ll go down striving for our rights.
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:
The word spilled refers to —
i) splattered
ii) got wet
iii) wiped
iv) upset
To join the Round Table Conference was similar to —
i) achieving independence
ii) being defeated
iii) showing dishonour to the sacrifice of the people
iv) accepting their loyalty
Which of the followings is similar in meaning to the word yet?
i) steel
ii) still
iii) in spite of
iv) ever
 n h e i j English 
109
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
How many conditions did Bangabandhu raise to join the Round Table Conference?
i) three
ii) four
iii) five
iv) six
The phrase 'wading over' stands for —
i) evaluating
ii) dishonouring
iii) honouring
iv) accepting
The only desire that Bangabandhu nourished in his heart was —
i) to become the Prime Minister
ii) to establish the people‘s rights
iii) to remove racism
iv) to alleviate poverty
What does the word conference mean?
i) performance
ii) occupation
iii) meeting
iv) interference
―Rickshaws, horse carriage, trains, and launches will be allowed to move.‖ This declaration
implies that Bangabandhu was —
i) callous to the sufferings of the poor.
ii) sympathetic to the poor.
iii) regardless to the hardship of the people.
iv) inconsiderate to the state of the poor.
The word demands refers to —
i) expect
ii) ask
iii) call
iv) conditions
Whose blood haven't dried yet from the street?
i) Bangabandhu
ii) Workers
iii) Officers
iv) People of Bengal
An antonym to the word withdraw is —
i) impose
ii) draw
iii) cut
iv) interfere
According to the passage, Bangabandhu was  to join the Round Table Conference.
i) interested
ii) ready
iii) unwilling
iv) happy
What is the meaning of the word representative?
i) elected member
ii) army
iii) sample
iv) authority
Which of the following(s) is not false?
i) Bangabandhu was greedy for power.
ii) Bangabandhu fought for the rights of people.
iii) People of Bengal were not aware of their rights.
iv) None of the above.
The word state denotes —
i) country
ii) announce
iii) tell
iv) repeat
Bangabandhu told the employees to  their salaries on the 28th of each month.
i) surrender
ii) give up
iii) draw
iv) withdraw
 n h e i j English 
110
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
B.
The underlined word in'... collect their salaries' refers to —
i) sales
ii) transactions
iii) wages
iv) honorary
Rickshaws, trains and launches were  to move in the strike.
i) prohibited
ii) not allowed
iii) permitted
iv) all of the above
The word 'hardship' is synonymous to —
i) comfort
ii) labour
iii) warship
iv) miseries
Who does not want the Prime Minister's Office?
i) The people of Bengal
ii) Bangabandhu
iii) Bhutto
iv) Yahya Khan
Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the word indefinitely?
i) sine die
ii) never
iii) yet
iv) definitely
The word organizations refers to —
i) agents
ii) representation
iii) institutions
iv) None of these
The word need in the last sentence means —
i) shortage
ii) necessary
iii) require
iv) want
The expression starve to death refers to —
i) die without food
ii) die from over eating
iii) death
iv) demise
Answer the following questions:
(a) Why did Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declare not to join the Round Table
Conference? Explain in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: As many people of the then East Pakistan had already been killed by the Pakistani
Army, Bangabandhu refused to join the Round Table Conference on 10th March.
(b) "You'll have to listen to my demands first."  What did Bangabandhu hint at by this
statement?
Ans: By this statement, Bangabandhu clearly declared that the demands of the people of
the then East Pakistan must not be ignored. The government must fulfil these demands.
(c) What is your opinion about the statement "I don't want Prime Minister's Office"?
Ans: I think this statement of Bangabandhu is a great one. It indicates the greatness of a
real leader who works for the people, not for power.
(d) What do you understand by the expression "...you'll have to transfer power to the
representatives of the people"?
Ans: This statement indicates that political authority must be given to the elected
representatives of the people. This statement also proves that Bangabandhu was highly
respectful to democracy.
(e) Which things were exempted from the strike and why?
Ans: Rickshaws, horse-carriages, trains and launches were exempted from the General
Strike. These were exempted with a view to minimizing the hardships of the poor workingclass people.
 n h e i j English 
111
(f)
Why do you think Bangabandhu's attendance at the Round Table Conference would be a
disgrace to the martyrs?
Ans: I think Bangabandhu's attendance at the Round Table conference would be a disgrace
to the martyrs as the people of Bengal were martyred a couple of days earlier for their
demand of establishing their rights. After such heinous deed of the West Pakistani rulers,
being the leader of East Bengalis, Bangabandhu's refusal to join the Round Table
Conference showed his respect to the martyrs.
(g) "Convert every house into a fort"  explain this statement in 2/3 sentences.
Ans: This statement was a call from our great leader Bangabandhu to get ready for the War
of Liberation. Through this statement, he called upon all the people of Bengal to stand
together against the occupation forces.
(h) Explain the significance of the last sentence of this passage.
Ans: Through the last sentence of the passage, Bangabandhu asked the people of Bengal to
be ready to sacrifice their life for their rights.
Seen Passage-24
 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early
age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi
joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually
change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy. The
group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to
reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life
skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of
more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs)
working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada‘s Adolescent Reproductive
Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents. During
one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early
marriage and pregnancy.
While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by nearly 40 percent since 2001, the rate
remains high with 194 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010-dropping from 322 in 2001
with a projected decrease to 143 by 2015. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health
complications. These include dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury caused by
obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion.
1. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:
a. What does the word 'adolescent' mean?
i) grown-up
ii) infant
iii) teenage
iv) adult
b. In the passage ‗life skills training‘ refers to —
i) training to develop skills of life
ii) training to get a good job
iii) training on how to live well
iv) training on reproductive health
c. What does the word 'counselling' refer to in line 5?
i) enjoying
ii) giving advice
iii) caution
iv) recommend
d. Which one of the following statements is true?
i) Maternal mortality in Bangladesh is increasing.
ii) Shilpi came to know the risk of pregnancy from her in-laws.
iii) Early marriage is not serious to health related complications.
iv) There are many potentially harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy.
 n h e i j English 
112
e. The word 'decline' means —
i) lesson
ii) lessen
iii) increase
iv) rise
f. ‗Hemorrhage and fistula‘ refers to —
i) a serious health problem of girls
ii) a complexity of early pregnancy
iii) a project of the girls‘ empowerment NGO iv) a life saving medicine of early pregnancy
g. What does the word 'gradually' mean?
i) at a regular pace ii) violently
iii) indiscrimately
iv) forcefully
h. In rural areas of Bangladesh, early marriage of adolescent girls is a — practice.
i) unusual
ii) nontraditional
iii) unconventional iv) normal
i. Which of the following topics was included in the discussion of Shilpi‘s group?
i) the procedure of changing behaviour related to female education
ii) the procedure of changing behaviour related to reproductive health
iii) the procedure of changing behaviour related to gender discrimination
iv) the procedure of changing behaviour related to working women
j. What is the goal of Canada‘s Adolescent reproductive Health Project?
i) to extend the opportunity of getting quality health services for children
ii) to extend the opportunity of getting quality health services for old people
iii) to extend the opportunity of getting quality health services for teenagers
iv) to extend the opportunity of getting quality health services for poor people
k. Maternal mortality in Bangladesh had decreased 40% within – years.
i) fifteen
ii) fourteen
iii) thirteen
iv) twelve
i. What is the meaning of the word 'access'?
i) right of entry
ii) refusal of entry
iii) reduce
iv) appoint
m. What does 'potentially' in the passage mean?
i) commonly
ii) probably
iii) gradually
iv) increasingly
n. Which of the followings is the closest meaning of the word 'complication'?
i) danger free
ii) humilation
iii) pollution
iv) complexity
o. The word 'injury' refers to —?
i) contusion
ii) ill
iii) sore
iv) dangerous
p. Which of the followings is the correct meaning of 'exclusion'?
i) acceptance
ii) rejection
iii) inclusion
iv) caution
q. Which one of the followings is the closest meaning of the word ‗peer‘ used in the passage?
i) a member of nobility of Britain and Ireland
ii) same age and having the same social position
iii) a health advisor of adolescent people
iv) medical and counseling support
B. Answer the following questions:
(a) Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard practice for many families living
in rural Bangladesh. Do you support it? Why/Why not?
Ans: No, I don't support it. Marrying off daughters at early age puts them at high risk of
physical, mental and reproductive health. They lose their social and personal status.
(b) Why do you think girls are at high risk of serious health complications if they get
married at an early age?
Ans: Marriage and reproduction are directly related to each other. And for pregnancy and
childbirth, a minimum maturity of the reproductive organs, at least 18 years is needed. So, if
the girls are married off before 18, they are at high risk of serious health complications.
 n h e i j English 
113
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
What are the various health-related services that couples like Shilpi and Rashid need?
Ans:The various health-related services that couples like Shilpi and Rashid need are
suggestions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to reproductive health,
giving one-on-one counselling, offering peer to peer support, making them understand and
about harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy, informing about family planning and
providing life skill training to help adolescents say no to early marriage.
What does an empowerment group aim at?
Ans: An empowerment group aims at ensuring quality health services for adolescents and
child bearing mothers.
As an adolescent boy/girl, what peer support can you provide to boys and girls in your
locality who have already married?
Ans: As an adolescent boy, I can make people of my locality conscious of their health and
harmful effects of early marriage and risks of pregnancy of adolescent girls.
When and who did Shilpi marry? Was Shilpi‘s marriage an early one?
Ans: Shilpi married Rashid at her fifteen. Shilpi‘s marriage was an early marriage.
Where did Shilpi join after her wedding? What do you know about it? Describe it in 2/3
sentences.
Ans: After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that worked for the
adolescent girls. This group provides adolescent girls with valuable suggestions and
counselling pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy.
What do you know about the NGOs from the passage? Write 2/3 sentences on it.
Ans: The Non Government Organizations (NGOs) are the empowerment groups that work all
over Bangladesh. Some NGOs provide adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually
change social practices. They work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health
Project.
How did the empowerment group influence Shilpi's life?
Ans: NGOs play a vital role in Bangladesh regarding adolescent health. In the passage we
find that Shipli came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and
pregnancy through an NGO. And then she became aware of her health and pregnancy.
Give a picture of maternal mortality condition in Bangladesh.
Ans: Maternal mortality rate was 322 per one lac in 2001. But it is now 194. It has declined
by 40%. A project has a target to reduce maternal mortality rate to 143 by 2015.
Seen Passage-25

Read the passage and answer the questions.
My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is
separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away...... Now she is married to
another man. My father lives very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. I
begged him to send me some money so that I could buy a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't
answered.
The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a
vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away
from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the
beach. But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me
sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box is quite heavy
when it is full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There
were days when I could not even sell one ice cream.
 n h e i j English 
114
In a way, I am lucky because I am alive. My friends who work sorting rubbish in dumps often
suffer from serious diseases. One of them was recently killed after he fell into a hole that opened
up in the pile of trash. Many of us work for 10 to 12 hours, and get so little in return that we can't
even buy food.
Shoe-shining is very popular among the street kids. A few of my friends also work in factories
and workshops. A boy I know lost one of his eyes after a piece of hot glass flew into his eye at
the glass factory where he worked. The owner refused to pay for medical help and fired him.
For me, like all other children on the street, it is very hard. I am always hungry, and I don't know
where I will sleep the next night. I would like to live in my own home and sleep there in peace.
The nights are very cold in the winter. You can die of cold in the street.
1. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:
a. What could be the closest meaning for 'home'?
i) place of birth
ii) domestic
iii) family
iv) habitat
b. The narrator of the story is a/an —
i) student
ii) young man
iii) orphan
iv) abandoned child
c. The word ‗painful‘ means
i) agonizing
ii) great
iii) magnificent
iv) fantastic
d. Amerigo‘s parents are not living —
i) separately
ii) together
iii) far from each other
iv) far from Amerigo
e. What does the word ‗alive‘ mean?
i) living
ii) not now living
iii) to cause something to be no longer active iv) to be kept usually in a particular place
f. What makes Amerigo feel lucky?
i) food
ii) his parent
iii) friends
iv) life
g. Which of the following is the meaning of ‗refuse‘?
i) reject
ii) rubbish
iii) junk
iv) allow
h. ―I would like to live in my own home and sleep there in peace.‖ What does this statement
imply?
i) Amerigo does not have a good life.
ii) Amerigo wants to go home.
iii) Amerigo wants to lead a better life.
iv) Amerigo misses his parents.
i. What does the word ‗separated‘ refer to?
i) divided
ii) away
iii) united
iv) divorced
j. What made Amerigo fall sick?
i) living in the street
ii) selling ice-creams
iii) collecting trash dump
iv) sorting rubbish in dumps
k. The word ‗beg‘ means
i) order
ii) alms
iii) request
iv) give
l. Which of the following is false according to the passage?
i) Amerigo is a teenager.
ii) Amerigo‘s mother remarried.
iii) Amerigo is an orphan boy.
iv) Amerigo considers him lucky.
m. The word ‗serious‘ means
i) severe
ii) important
iii) grave
iv) trivial
n. Amerigo is —
i) a trash collector ii) an orphan
iii) a happy child
iv) none of these
 n h e i j English 
115
o. 'Heavy' could be best replaced by 
i) serious
ii) deep
iii) weighty
iv) gloomy
p. Amerigo stopped — after being infected by a serious infection.
i) working as an ice cream seller
ii) collecting trash
iii) doing shoe-shining
iv) going out
q. The word ‗buy‘ stands for 
i) acquire
ii) purchase
iii) sell
iv) exchange
r. One of the — was killed after he fell into a hole.
i) boy
ii) employers
iii) workers
iv) friends
s. Who refused to pay medical help for the injured boy?
i) Amerigo
ii) Amerigo's parents
iii) The owner of the factory
iv) Other boys
t. Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word ‗vendor‘?
i) seller
ii) maker
iii) producer
iv) worker
u. Which of the following words describes Amerigo best?
i) orphan
ii) deserted
iii) happy
iv) lucky
v. Amerigo stopped collecting trash because 
i) it is a hard job.
ii) trash is full of germs.
iii) he took another job.
iv) he does not like trash.
w. What does the expression ‗fire‘ mean in the passage?
i) to shoot
ii) to burn
iii) to promoted
iv) to sack
x. Children like Amerigo lives a very  life.
i) comfortable
ii) painful
iii) natural
iv) luxurious
B. Answer the following questions:
(a) What was Amerigo's first job? What made him stop doing that job?
Ans: Amerigo‘s first job was to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. He stopped doing the job
as he had a serious infection and a doctor told him to stay away from the trash.
(b) Why did Amerigo say, ―I am lucky because I am alive‖?
Ans: bAmerigo said so because one of his friends was killed in an accident while collecting
trash. His another friend lost his eye-sight after a piece of hot glass flew into his eyes. But he
is alive and still safe.
(c) How was Amerigo's experience of selling ice cream?
Ans: According to Amerigo, selling ice cream was difficult and painful. He described his
experience that the ice cream box was quite heavy when it was full and he had to walk for
hours offering ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were also some days when he
could not even sell one ice-cream.
(d) How does Amerigo evaluate his life now? Does he have any option to change it?
Ans: Now, Amerigo evaluates his life by saying that he is lucky as he is still alive. I think he
has no option to change it. It is because, he has no one to support him. He is just a kid who
cannot work hard.
(e) What does Amerigo desire now? Should he desire such things? Why/Why not?
Ans: Amerigo desires to live in his own home and sleep there in peace. He should desire
such things because as a human being it is one of his fundamental rights.
(f) If you were Amerigo, what would you do?
Ans: I think if I were Amerigo, I would try to find a job in a tea stall or in a grocer's shop. I
would also join the school run by the NGOs.
 n h e i j English 
116
(g)
Have you ever met a boy or girl like Amerigo? If yes, write about him/her.
Ans: Yes, I have met a girl like Amerigo. Her name is Bokul. She is a street child. She lost
her parents when she was 9. Bokul picks up wastes and papers from the streets in our area
and sells them to a vendor. She sleeps on the footpath. Her clothes are almost torn up and
always dirty. She wants to live well, eat healthy and sleep sound.
(h) What should society do for children like Amerigo?
Ans: The society can do a lot for the children like Amerigo. It can ensure their basic rights. It
can treat them like other children who have parents, education, shelter, good food, etc. In this
way, children like Amerigo can grow up well and become asset for the country.
(i) Why doesn't Amerigo live with his parents?
Ans: Amerigo does not live with his parents because they are separated and neither of them
wants to take the responsibility of Amerigo.
(j) How was one of Amerigo‘s friends killed?
Ans: One of Amerigo‘s friends was killed after he fell into a hole that opened up in the pile
of trash.
(k) What will you suggest Amerigo after hearing his story?
Ans: I would suggest Amerigo to be patient and engage himself in a work of his liking.
Besides, I would advise him to get admitted into a free educational centre funded by the
government or by the NGOs if it is available in his area.
(l) Describe what you know about Amerigo‘s parents.
Ans: Amerigo‘s parents live separately. His mother does not want Amerigo. She married
another person. His father lives far away and does not want to take the responsibility of
Amerigo either.
(m) What was the wish of Amerigo?
Ans: Amerigo wished to live at his own home and sleep there in peace.
(n) What is your impression about Amerigo's parents?
Ans: My impression about Amerigo‘s parents is that they are selfish, irresponsible and not
caring at all.
Question No-02 (Flow Chart)
Passage-01
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the struggle of Nelson Mandela for
multi-racial democracy and his achievement. (One is done for you)
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his
political testimony. ―During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African
people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.‖ ―I have
cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony
and with equal opportunities,‖ he told the court. ―It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if
needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.‖ Friends adored Mandela and fondly called
him ―Madiba‖, the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and
dignity.
1. Dedicated himself to the struggle of the
 2  3  4  5  6
African people
 n h e i j English 
117
 Ans:
1.
Dedicated
himself to the
struggle of the
African people
2.
3.
Fought
Fought



against white
against black
domination
domination
4.
Cherished the
ideal of a
democratic
society

5.
Prepared to
die for his
ideal
6.
 Charged with
capital
offences
Passage-02
 The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson
with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we
could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next
ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June.
When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of
the government, he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to
him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place.
I‘ve met President Yahya Khan. I‘ve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also as
the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: ―You must hold the session
of the National Assembly on 15 January‖. But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto
instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We said,
―Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then‖. I said we will carry out our discussions in
the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was just, even though
we were in the majority we would agree to that offer.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart
showing the activities of Bangabandhu to hold the National Assembly. (No. 1 has been done
for you.)
1. Met Yahya Khan
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
2.
Met  Requested him to hold
Yahya
the session of the
Khan
National Assembly on
15 January
3.
4.
Kept
Accepted
their


patience
decision of holding
after being
the session in the
ignored
first week of March
5.
6.
Wanted
to
Agreed


carry out
to accept
discussions in
any just
the Assembly
offer
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart
showing the background of Liberation War/ the mentionable incidents from 1952 to 1970. (No. 1
has been done for you.)
1. Bloodshed in 1952
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
Bloodshed 
in 1952
2.
Victory of
Bengalis in the
election of 1954
3.
4.
5.
6.
Declaration
Six
point
Ayub
Khan‘s
.Assumption
of




of Martial
movement
falling from power
the reins of
Law by Ayub
in 1966
after the movement
Pakistan by
Khan in 1958
of 1969
Yahya Khan
Passage-03
 Read the following text and questions that follow.
The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences
several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include
movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of
skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning.
 n h e i j English 
118
While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable
risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences.
Many adolescence face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual
relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended
pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV). Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes of the flow chart
showing some major characteristics and challenges of adolescence. (No. 1 is done for you).
1. Physical and sexual maturation
 2  3  4  5  6
 Ans:
1.
Physical and
sexual
maturation
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Social and
Development
Acquisition of
Pressure to use
Having threat
economic
of identity
skills needed to
alcohol,
of sexually
 independence 
 carry out adult  cigarettes, or  transmitted
relationships and
other drugs
diseases
roles
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the key developments
during the time of adolescence:
1. Physical maturation
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
Physical
maturation

2.
Sexual
maturation
3.
4.
5.
6.
Movement
Development of
Acquisition of
Capacity for
towards social
identity
skills related
abstract




and economic
to adult
reasoning
independence
relationships
Passage-04
 Read the passage and answer questions that follow.
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of
adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19.
Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families
tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of
adolescence and young adulthood.
When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws‘
household. In the in-laws‘ house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of
abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride‘s family to pay
dowry, despite the practice being illegal. Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For
an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks in terms of
pregnancy and childbirth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or
insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for
adolescents is double the national rate.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the pitiable condition of
the adolescent bride. (One is done for you)
1. Dropping out of school
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
Dropping out
of school

 n h e i j English 
3.
Full time
worker inlaws'
household

3.
Marginalised
in-laws' house
4.
Being vulnerable
to all forms of


abuse
5.
6.
Being victim
Having greater
to dowryhealth risks

related
violence
119
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing how women in our country
lose connection with the outside world and get confined in the household with no chance of
self-reliance.
1. Getting married early
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Getting married
early
Having child
at an early age
Dropping out
of school
Getting confined
to full-time work


in her in-law's
household
Getting
marginalized


6.
Becoming
vulnerable to

all forms of
abuse
 Read the following text and make flow chart showing the situation of adolescent boys and
girls in Bangladesh.
Adolescents constitute a nation‘s core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a
period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and
lifestyles are shaped.
The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterized by inequality and subordination
within the family and society. This inequality leads to a widespread practice of child marriage,
marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and a
vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of
adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19.
Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families lead
to marry at a later age.
1. Victim of inequality
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
Victim of
inequality
2.
3.
4.
Subornation
Subject
Victim of
within the family
to early
marginalisation




and society
marriage
5.
Exclusion from
heath, education
and economic
opportunities
6.
Vulnerability to
violence and

sexual abuse
Passage-05
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the conditions of adolescent girls in
Bangladesh. (One is done for you.)
When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their
mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails
their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about
health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is
also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from
anaemia. Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent fertility
rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal
mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
1. Pulling out of school, either for
2
3
4
5
6





marriage or work
 Ans:
1.
2.
Pulling out of
Losing the
school, either
mobility,
for marriage or  friends and
work
social status
 n h e i j English 
3.
4.
5.
6.
Being curtailed
Lacking
Suffering
Having high
from economic and
information
from under
fertility rate
non-formal
about
health
nourishment




educational
issues
opportunities
120
Passage-06
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the generous activities of Rayn Hreljac.
(One is done for you.)
In 1998, six year old Ryan Hreljac was shocked to learn that children in Africa had to walk many
kilometers every day just to fetch water. Ryan decided that he needed to build a well for a village
in Africa. By doing household chores and public speaking on clean water issues, Ryan raised
enough money with which his first well was built in 1999 at the Angolo Primary School in a
northern Ugandan village. Ryan‘s determination led to Ryan‘s Well Foundation, which has
completed 667 projects in 16 countries, bringing access to clean water and sanitation to more than
714,000 people.
1. Shocked to learn about the sufferings of
 2  3  4  5  6
African people for water.
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Shocked to
Decided to
Raised enough
Built first well
Founded
Brought access
learn about the
build a well
money by doing
in 1999 at the
Ryan's Well
to clean water
suffering of  for a village  household chores 
Angolo
 Foundation  and sanitation to
African people
in Africa
and public
Primary School
more than
for water.
speaking
714,000 people
Passage-07
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the phases of Stagliano‘s donating
activities. (one is done for you)
In 2008, 9-year-old Katie Stagliano brought a tiny cabbage seedling home from school. As she cared
for her cabbage, it grew to 40 pounds. Katie donated her cabbage to a soup kitchen where it helped
to feed more than 275 people. Moved by the experience of seeing how many people could benefit
from the donation of fresh produce to soup kitchens, Katie decided to start vegetable gardens and
donate the harvest to help feed people in need. Today, Katie‘s Krops donates thousands of pounds of
fresh produce from numerous gardens to organizations that help people in need.
1. brought a cabbage seedling
2
3
4
5
6





from school
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
4.
brought a
moved the
 planted and  donated the 

cabbage
cared for the
cabbage to a
experience of
seedling from
cabbage
soup shop
feeding cabbage
school
soup
5.
started
vegetable
gardens
6.
 started donating
the harvest of
her garden
Passage-08
 Read the passage and answer questions that follow.
Anne Frank is perhaps the most well-known victim of the Nazi Holocaust of World War II. Anne, born
on June 12, 1929, was given a diary at the age of 13, in which she chronicled her life from 1942 to
1944. During this time, Anne spent two years in hiding with her family in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam
in a secret annex with four other Jews. Betrayed and discovered in 1944, Anne was sent to the BergenBelsen concentration camp, where she died of typhus in 1945. Anne‘s father, Otto Frank, was the only
occupant of the secret annex to survive the war. In 1947, he published Anne‘s diary as The Diary of a
 n h e i j English 
121
Young Girl. Anne‘s account of her internment, as well as her deep belief in humanity has become one
of the world‘s most widely read books.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flowchart showing the conditions of Anne
Frank from her birth to death. (One is done for you).
1. Born on 12 June 1929
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
2.
Born on 12
June 1929
3.
4.
5.
6.
Chronicled
Spent two years in
Was
Kept/Imprisoned
Died of
her life from
hiding with her family
betrayed and
in Bergen-Belson
typhus in
1942 to
1945

 in a secret annex in  discovered  Concentration

1944 in a
Nazi-occupied
in 1944
Camp
diary
Amsterdam
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart chronicling the life of Anne Frank
from 1929 to 1945 (No. 1 is done for you):
1. Born in 1929
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Born in 1929
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Given a diary
Spent two years
Betrayed and
Sent to the BergenDied of
at
the
age
of
in
hiding
with
discovered
in
Belsen
typhus
in





13
her family
1944
concentration camp
1945
Passage-09
 Read the passage and answer questions that follow.
Public Universities are the first choices of most students. The public universities offer a wide range
of subjects in Science, Commerce, Liberal Arts, Humanities, Engineering and Technology, Law,
Education and Medicine. Public Universities attract the best minds to teaching although monetary
compensation for teachers is anything but attractive. Library, laboratory, Internet and research
facilities are much better there than anywhere else in the country. Seminars, symposiums, lectures
workshops, debates and exhibitions are often held in these institutions and there is ample scope for
national and international exposures for promising young knowledge seekers. Moreover, public
universities offer residential and boarding facilities at low cost/subsidized rates
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart
showing the opportunities provided by public universities. (No. 1 has been done for you.
1. Offer a wide range of subjects
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Offer a wide
range of
subjects
2.
Attract the
best mind to
teaching

3.
Offer better
library,
laboratory,
 Internet and
research
facilities

4.
Often hold
seminars,
symposiums,
lectures,
workshops,
debates and
exhibitions

5.
Provide ample
scope for
national and
international
exposure for
promising
students
6.
Offer
residential
and
 boarding
facilities at
low cost
ii. Complete the flow chart mentioning important facilities provided to students of public
universities.
1. Enjoying Library facility
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Enjoying
Library facility
2.
Enjoying
laboratory
facility

 n h e i j English 

3.
Offering
Internet
and
research
facilities
4.
5.
6.
Arranging seminars,
Giving ample
Offering
symposiums, lectures,
scope for
residential and
boarding
 workshops, debates  national and 
and exhibitions.
international
facilities at low
exposures
cost
122
Passage-10
 Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the painful experiences a street child
has to suffer to survive. (One is done for you):–
The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor.
I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash
dump. Once I worked for an ice-cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the beach. But I got no
money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at
night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box is quite heavy when it is full. I had to
walk for hours, offering my ice-cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could
not even sell one ice-cream.
1. Homeless
2
3
4
5
6






Ans:
1.
Homeless
2.

Jobless
3.

Sick
4.

Hungry
5.

Unpaid
6.

Helpless
Passage-11
 Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the conditions of the rivers in our
country. (One is done for you.)
One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life,
literature, economy and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A
few are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an
example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the
river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air around it. But that
is not what it was like before. The report says that the river had a glorious past. Once it was a
tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleshwari.
Gradually, it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at
the tide level of the Buriganga and founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. The
river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Jahangirnagar was renamed
Dhaka which grew into a heavily populated city with a chronic shortage of space.
1. Rivers are one of the sources of
2
3
4
5




 6
water
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rivers are one
Rivers affect our
Rivers are
A few rivers are
Many rivers
of the sources
life, literature,
now not in
already dead
are going





of water
economy and
a good
through the
culture
shape
pangs of death
6.
Rivers are
getting
polluted
Passage-12
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing how the Hakaluki Haor helps. (No. 1
is done for you.)
Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui,
Ghagot Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are
frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in
Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother
fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are
also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost
 n h e i j English 
123
their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers
and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide
feed and shelter for parent fish.
1. By providing plenty of fishes
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
2.
By providing
By working as
plenty of fishes
an important


source of food
3.
By
supplying
species of
fishes
4.
5.
6.
By providing
By producing
By providing
winter shelter for
millions of
livelihood for



the parent fishes
fries.
many people
Passage-13
 Read the following text and answer questions that follow.
The Hakaluki Haor system provides a wide range of economic and non-economic benefits to the
local people as well as to the people of Bangladesh. These include fish production, rice production,
cattle and buffalo rearing, duck rearing, collection of reeds and grasses, and collection of aquatic
and other plants. The haor system also protects the lower floodplains from flash floods occurring
in the months of April-May, maintains the supply of fish in other lower water bodies and provides
habitat for migratory and local waterfowls. The unique haor system contributes to the beauty of the
landscape both during the monsoon and the dry season. In monsoon, its unique scenic beauty
makes it a huge natural bowl of water and in the dry season it becomes a vast green grassland with
pockets of beels serving as resting places for migratory birds. This unique natural system can be a
major attraction for tourists.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the importance of the
Hakaluki Haor. (No. 1 has been done for you):
1. Providing economic benefits
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Providing
economic
benefits
2.
Producing fish
and rice


3.
Providing
reeds and
grasses for
cattle
4.
5.
6.
Protecting the
Maintaining
Providing
lower
supply of fish
habitat for
 floodplains from  in other lower  migratory and
flood
water bodies
local
waterfowls
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the importance of the
Hakaluki Haor. (One has been done for you.)
1. Fish production
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Fish production

2.
Rice
production
3.
Cattle ,
 buffalo and
duck rearing
4.
Protection of
 lower floodplains 
from flood
5.
Maintenance
of the supply
of fish
6.
Habitat for
 migratory and
local waterfowls
iii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow-chart showing the usefulness of Hakaluki
Haor. (One is done for you.)
1. Economic and non-economic
2
3
4
5




 6
benefits
 Ans:
1.
2.
3.
Economic and
Production of
Rearing cattle
non-economic  fish and rice 
and duck

benefits
 n h e i j English 
4.
Collection of
reeds and
aquatic plants
5.
6.
Habitat of
Unique place
 migratory fish  for tourism
124
Passage-14
 Read the passage and answer questions that follow.
The Sundarbans is known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the
mangrove forests on the southern coastline is not normal. "The causes for increasing coastline
retreat, other than direct anthropogenic ones, include increased frequency of storm surges and
other extreme natural events, rises in sea-level and increased salinity which increases the
vulnerability of mangroves", said Pettorelli.
"Our results indicate a rapidly retreating coastline that cannot be accounted for by the regular
dynamics of the Sundarbans. Degradation is happening fast, weakening this natural shield for India
and Bangladesh.‖
"As human development thrives, and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from
tidal waves and cyclones is being degraded at alarming rates. This will inevitably lead to species loss
in this richly biodiverse part of the world, if nothing is done to stop it." "The Sundarbans is a critical
tiger habitat; one of only a handful of remaining forests big enough to hold several hundred tigers.
To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals",
said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the causes of the
destruction of the Sundarbans. (No. 1 is done for you.)
1. Increased frequency of storm surges 
2
3
4
5



 6
 Ans:
1.
Increased
frequency of the
storm surges
2.
By extreme
 natural events 
3.
Gradual
rise in
sea-level
4.
Increased
salinity


5.
Increasing
coastline
retreat
6.
Gradual rise of
global

temperature
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the causes for the increase
of vulnerability of world's largest mangrove forest. (No. 1 has been done for you.)
1. Increase of coastline retreat
3
4
5
 2



 6
 Ans:
1.
2.
Increase of
Frequent
coastline retreat  storm surges
3.
Rise in the sea
level


4.
Increase of
salinity
5.
6.
Rise of global
Rise of strong
 temperature  tidal waves
and cyclones
Passage-15
 According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread
Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For
example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually
depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in
no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the people
of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of Bengal.
Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within
bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and cultivate
their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for protection. The story of
Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been performed in indigenous
theatre. In fact, some Gazir paat scrolls are part of the collection of the British Museum.
i. Read the Following text and make a flow chart showing the miracles of Gazi Pir. (No. 1 has
been done for you):
1. Being credited with many miracles
2
3
4
5
6





 n h e i j English 
125
 Ans:
1.
2.
Being credited 
Calming

with many
many animals
miracles
3.
Making
animals
docile
4.
 Fighting against 
crocodiles
5.
Keeping
predatory
animals in
bound
6.
Enabling

villagers to live
close to forests
ii. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the miraculous activities of Gazi Pir.
(One is done for you.)
1. A Muslim saint
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
A Muslim
saint

2.
A person
taming
dangerous
animals
3.
4.
A person
A person



making
riding Bengal
ferocious
tiger
animals docile
5.
A person
fighting
crocodiles
6.
 A person having
a snake in his
hand
iii. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the activities of Gazi Pir. one is done for
you.
1. Spread Islam in the parts of Bengal close to
 2  3  4  5  6
the Sundarbans
 Ans:
1.
Spread Islam 
in the parts of
Bengal close to
the Sundarbans
2.
Tamed
dangerous
animals and
make them
submissive

3.
Fought
crocodiles, a
threat to the
people living
near watery
jungle

4.
Kept all
predatory
animals
within
bounds
5.
 Enabled

villagers to
live close to
forests
6.
Helped
villagers
cultivate their
lands near
jungles
Passage-16
 Read the following text and answer questions that follow.
Conflict can be described as a disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by
antagonism and hostility. This is usually fueled by the opposition of one party to another in an
attempt to reach an objective different from that of the other party. The elements involved in the
conflict have varied sets of principles and values, thus allowing a conflict to arise.
Conflict can be defined in many ways but one of the simplest is that it pertains to the opposing
ideas and actions of different entities, resulting in an antagonistic state.
Conflict is an inevitable part of life. All of us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We
have our own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think is proper. Hence, we
often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios; it may involve other individuals, groups of
people, or a struggle within our own selves. Consequently, conflict influences our actions and
decisions in one way or another.
Based on your reading of the test make a flow chart showing the causes and aspects of
conflict. (One is done for you.)
1. Disagreement among groups or
2
3
4
5




 6
individuals
 Ans:
1.
Disagreement
among groups

or individuals
 n h e i j English 
2.
Antagonism
and hostility
3.
4.
Opposing actions
Inevitabilit
of different groups
y of



to reach an
conflict
objective
5.
Difference in
people's
thoughts and
ideas
6.
Influence on
people's

actions and
decisions
126
Passage-17
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the means of achieving the goals of
peace movement. (One is done for you.)
A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a
particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation,
including ban of guns, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve
these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts,
demonstrations, peace camps, supporting anti-war political candidates, and banning guns, creating
open government, direct democracy, supporting people who expose war-crimes or conspiracies to
create wars, and making laws. Different organizations involved in peace movements may have some
diverse goals, but one common goal is sustainability of peace.
1. Advocacy of pacifism
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Advocacy of
pacifism

2.
Support of
anti-war
political
candidates

3.
Ban of
guns

4.
Creation of
open
government

5.
6.
Support of
Support for people
direct
exposing war crimes or

democracy
conspiracies to create
wars
Passage-18
22 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the principles of peace movement.

(One is done for you.)
Peace movement is basically an all-encompassing "anti-war movement". It is primarily
characterized by a belief that human beings should not wage war on each other or engage in
violent conflicts over language, race, natural resources, religion or ideology. It is believed that
military power is not the equivalent of justice. The peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation
of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction, in particular, nuclear weapons and
biological warfare. Moreover, many object to the export of weapons including hand-held machine guns
and grenades by leading economic nations to lesser developed nations.
1. Anti-war attitude
2
3
4
5




 6
 Ans:
1.
Anti-war
attitude
2.
3.
4.
A belief not
A belief not to
An
to wage war
engage in violent
opposition
 on each other  conflicts over  towards 
language, race,
military
religion etc
power
5.
A tendency to
oppose the
proliferation of
dangerous
technologies

6.
Objection
to the
export of
weapons
Passage-19
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the tremendous fast advancement of
human beings.
We human beings tend to forget how far we have come as a species in a relatively short period of
time. It was only in the 1870s, when we had the first house that was lighted with electricity. Cars
just started to become available 100 years ago. Charles Lindbergh made the first trans-Atlantic
flight in 1927. Televisions didn‘t become widely available until after World War II. In other
words, the advances humankind has made in a relatively short period of time have been nothing
short of extraordinary. Perhaps just as extraordinary is how we tend to simply adapt to these
incredible changes, not realizing how completely our world has been altered in a short span of
 n h e i j English 
127
time. With that in mind, it is worth looking back at some of the amazing scientific advances we
have made in the last few decades.
1. Use of electricity
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
Use of
electricity
2.
 Use of cars

3.
Use of
aircrafts
4.
Use of

televisions
5.
6.
 Advancement in  Reduction of
communication
the wastage of
time
Passage-20
 Read the following passage and answer questions that follow.
Folk music consists of songs and music of a community that are uninfluenced by any sophisticated
musical rules or any standard music styles. Bangladesh has a heritage of rich folk music which
includes both religious and secular songs. Folk music may be described as that type of ancient
music which springs from the heart of a community, based on their natural style of expression
uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Any mode or form created
by the combination of tune, voice and dance may be described as music. Thus, the combination of
folk song, folk dance and folk tune may be called folk music. For example, Baul songs are a
combination of tune, music and dance.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the characteristics of folk
music. (One is done for you.)
1. Comprising songs and music of a
community songs and music of a
2
3
4
5




 6
community
 Ans:
1.
Comprising
songs and
music of a
community
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Being
Having both
Springing from
Having natural
Being
uninfluenced
religious or
the heart of a
style of
uninfluenced
by any
secular songs
community
expression
by the rules of





standard
classical music
music styles
and modern
songs
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the characteristics of folk
music. (One is done for you.)
1. One type of ancient music
2
3
4
5
6





 Ans:
1.
One type of
ancient music
2.
3.
4.
Music
A natural style
No influence of
springing
of expression
the rules of
 from the heart 
 classical music 
of a
community
5.
No influence
of modern
songs
6.
A combination
of folk tune,
 folk voice and
folk dance
Passage-21
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the characteristics of Bangladeshi
folk songs. (No 1 is done for you.)
Folk songs may be sung individually or in chorus. Folk songs sung individually include Baul,
Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and
Gambhira. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and
West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or
 n h e i j English 
128
Muslim others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to
women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing
Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‗roof-beating‘ songs that are
sung while beating down and firming rooftops.
1. Influenced by the culture and the
2
3
4
5
6





lifestyle of different tribes
 Ans:
1.
Influenced by
the culture and

the life style of
different tribes
2.
Being
regional in
character
3.
4.
Belonging
Having crossed
distinctively
religious



to a religious
boundaries
community
5.
Being sung
only by men

6.
Belonging
only to women
Passage-22
29 Read the following text and answer questions that follow.

In Bangladesh, folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals,
views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social
inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been
composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the
Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Folk music is formed and develops according to
the environment. Differences in the natural environment are reflected in the people of the different
regions. Bangladeshi folk music therefore varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern
Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs.
i. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the multifarious features of
Bangladeshi folk music. (One is done for you.)
1. reflects culture, views of life, nature etc. 
2
3
4
5
6




 Ans:
1.
2.
reflects culture,
reflects river
views of life,
and riverine

nature etc.
life.
3.
4.
5.
depicts social
represents
describes
inequality and
material world.
supernatural.



poverty.

6.
represents
people of
different
regions.
ii. Based on your reading of the passage, make a flow chart showing the reasons of variety in
the folk music of Bangladesh. (No. 1 is done for you.)
1. Folk music has great variety.
 2  3  4  5  6
 Ans:
1.
Folk music has
great variety.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
There are
There are
Mystical songs
Folk music is
Differences in
varieties
varieties
use the metaphor
formed and
the natural
regarding
regarding the
of rivers and
developed
environment





social
material world
boats.
according to
are reflected
inequality and
and the
the
poverty.
supernatural.
environment.
Passage-23
 Read the following text and make a flow chart showing important aspects of craftwork. (No.
1 has been done for you.)
A craftwork is an applied form of art, a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of
folk imagination. A craftwork, which usually doesn‘t bear the signature of its maker, retains a personal
touch. When we look at a thirty year old nakshikantha we wonder at its motifs and designs that point to
the artistic ingenuity and the presence of the maker in it. The fact that we don‘t know her name or any
 n h e i j English 
129
other details about her doesn‘t take anything away from our appreciation of the artist. Indeed, the
intimate nature of the kantha and the tactile feeling it generates animate the work and make it very
inviting. A craftwork is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics,
utility functions and human values. It is distinguished by its maker‘s desire to locate himself or herself
in the wider and ever-changing cultural aspirations of the community, and subsequently of the market.
1. An applied form of art

2

3

4

5

6
 Ans:
1.
An applied
form of art

2.
A social and
cultural
product
3.
4.
The inclusive
A
nature of folk
personal
imagination
touch

 retained
reflected
5.
6.
An art form shaped by
The
the interaction of
reflection
individual creativity and
of maker‘s
 community aesthetics, 
desire
utility functions and
human values
Question No-02 (Information Transfer)
Passage-01


Read the passage and complete the table below.
Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy,
as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the
world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela
never lost his resolve to fight for his people‘s emancipation. He was determined to bring down
apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of
the world. ―I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it
all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,‖ Mandela said in
his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa‘s first black president in 1994, … ―The time
for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has
come.‖ ―We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.‖ In 1993, Mandela was awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize, an honour he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who
had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went
on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of
challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS.
Who
Event/Action
What
Where/ When
Nelson Mandela
struggled for
(a) —
(b) —
Mandela
embodied the struggle for
(c) —
(d) —
fought against
(e) —
South Africa
Mandela
firmly wanted
to bring down (f) —
Mandela
(g) —
race discrimination
Mandela
(h) —
President
(i) —
(j) —
freed Mandela from
prison
Ans: (a) justice; (b) around the world; (c) justice; (d) Nelson Mandela; (e) white minority rule;
(f) apartheid; (g) hated; (h) became; (i) South Africa in 1994; (j) F.W. de Klerk.
Passage-02

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his
political testimony. ―During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African
people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.‖ ―I
 n h e i j English 
130

have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities,‖ he told the court. ―It is an ideal I hope to live for and to
achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.‖ Friends adored Mandela
and fondly called him ―Madiba‖, the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his
humanity, kindness and dignity.
Who/ What
Event/ Occurrence
What/ When
Where/ Place
Nelson Mandela was (i) 
in the Rivonia trial
(ii) 
charged for
Mandela
in Africa
fought against (iii) 
Mandela
(iv)  for the African
(v) 
people
and Mandela told it
(vi)  Mandela has is that (vii) 
(viii) 
cherished
called Mandela
by which he was
(ix) 
familiar
(x) 
Ans: (i) capital offences; (ii) in 1963; (iii) apartheid; (iv) dedicated himself; (v) during his
lifetime; (vi) The ideal; (vii) a democratic and free society; (viii) in front of the court; (ix)
Friends; (x) Madiba.
Passage-03

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways
crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the
elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial
Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our
boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power
and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a
constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and
elections have taken place.
I‘ve met President Yahya Khan. I‘ve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also
as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: "You must hold the
session of the National Assembly on 15 January". But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr.
Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We
said, "Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then". I said we will carry out our
discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was
just, even though we were in the majority, we would agree to that offer.
i.
Who/What
The Bengalees
ii) —
iii) —
Six point movement
vii) —
Bangabandhu
Awami League
Yahya Khan
 n h e i j English 
Action
i) —
was held
was declared
v) —
drove Ayub Khan away from power
viii) 
was in the position of forming the
government
first wanted to hold a meeting of the
Assembly
When
1952
1954
1958
vi) 
1969
on 15 January
Why
iv) —
ix) —
x) —
131


Ans: (i) shed blood; (ii) The election; (iii) Martial law; (iv) to enslave the Bengalees for the next
ten years; (v) was launched; (vi) 1966; (vii) The mass movement/Yahya Khan; (viii) asked
Yahya Khan to hold the session of the National Assembly; (ix) because of the majority; (x) in the
first week of March.
When
What/ When
Where/ Who
Why/Event
1952
Dhaka
(i) 
Bangla as the (ii) 
Bangladesh (the then
the Pakistani government did
(iii)  legislative election
East Pakistan)
not (iv) 
1958
Ayub Khan
(v) 
(vi)  the people of Bengal
1966
Dhaka
(vii) 
(viii)  sovereignty
occupied the state power
(ix)  Ayub Khan fell from
(x) 
power
Ans: (i) blood shed Language Movement; (ii) state language; (iii) 1954; (iv) let Bangalees form
a government; (v) declared Martial Law; (vi) enslave; (vii) six point movement; (viii) to
establish/achieve; (ix) 1969; (x) Yahya Khan.
Passage-04


Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Chawla did her Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado.
Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke
apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined
NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S. citizenship and
started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She
spoke following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, ―You are just your
intelligence‖. She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as many as 252 times around the Earth. Her
first space mission (Mission STS 87) began on 19 November 1997 with six other astronauts on the
Space Shuttle Columbia. On her first mission that lasted for 15 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes and 4
seconds, she travelled 6.5 million miles. She was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite
which however malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Tako Doi, two of
her fellow astronauts, to retrieve the satellite.
What/ Who Achievement/ Action
What/ Where
When
Ph.D
in 1988
(i) 
(ii) 
to become astronaut
1986
(iii) 
(iv) 
She
joining
NASA
(v) 
She
travelling
10.67 million miles
(vi) 
with six other astronauts (viii) 
on 19 November 1997
(vii) 
Chawla
responsible
later on
(ix) 
Chawla
first mission
in the space
(x) 
Ans: (i) Kalpana Chawla; (ii) University of Colorado; (iii) Determined; (iv) in the face of
Challenger disaster; (v) in 1988; (vi) in 1996; (vii) Chawla's first space mission; (viii) on the
Space Shuttle Columbia; (ix) deploying the Spartan Satellite; (x) in 1997.
Passage-05

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village Maslennikovo, Tutayevsky District, in Central
Russia. Her father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. Tereshkova
began school at the age of eight in 1945, but left school in 1953 and continued her education
through distance learning. She became interested in parachuting from a young age, and trained in
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132
skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at the age of 22 on 21 May 1959. At that
time she was employed as a textile worker in a local factory. It was her expertise in skydiving that
led to her selection as a cosmonaut.
After the flight of Yuri Gagarin (the first human being to travel to outer space in 1961), the Soviet
Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, ―proletaria‖ Valentina was selected
for this project from among more than four hundred applicants.
Who/ what
Events/ Occurrences
What/ When
Where
Valentina
in 1945
(i) 
The (ii)  of
Valentina
She
was parachuting
(iii) 
(iv) 
in skydiving
Tereshkova
(vi) 
on 21 May 1959 and at that (vii) 
time she was employed
in 1961
(viii) 

at (v) 
was the first human to travel
to outer space
selected Valentina to send her on (x) 
(ix) 
in the space
Ans: (i) began school; (ii) interest; (iii) from a young age; (iv) was trained; (v) the local
Aeroclub; (vi) made her first jump; (vii) in a local factory; (viii) Yuri Gagarin; (ix) The Soviet
Union; (x) 16 February 1962.
Passage-06

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter
of fruits sold in the capital's markets, a recent survey has found. A 15-member team of the
National Food Safety Laboratory, with support from the Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO), came up with the findings after collecting and testing food samples from the capital‘s
Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali markets.
The survey report, a copy of which was acquired by the Dhaka Tribune, read that nearly 40% of
82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables contained banned pesticides such
as DDT, Aldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. The amounts of pesticide in these samples were
found to be 3 to 20 times greater than the limits set by the European Union. Around 50%
vegetables and 35% fruits were found to be contaminated with unsafe level of pesticides.
Who/ What
Source
What/ Where
When
around half of the vegetables and
the capital's
a recent survey
(i) 
markets
(ii) 
food samples
research time
(iii) 
(iv) 
The team tested samples of food
after collecting
(v) 
them
nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk collected the
before testing
(vi) 
markets
(vii) 
during the survey
(viii) 
(ix)  set by the European Union these samples
everyday
(x) 
Ans: (i) Presence of unsafe levels of pesticides; (ii) more than a quarter of fruits; (iii) Food and
Agriculture Organization collected; (iv) the capital's Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali
market; (v) came up with findings; (vi) The survey report; (vii) milk products, fish, fruits and
vegetable; (viii) The amount of pesticides 3 to 20 times greater; (ix) limit; (x) around 50%
vegetables and 35% fruits.
Pesticides

 n h e i j English 
contamination
133
Passage-07


Read the following text and complete the table below.
It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on the
following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little
luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was
so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I
was too young to have learned to say no to a woman..... I had eighty francs (gold francs) to last me
the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee
for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
What/ Who
Source
What/ where
When
The writer
living in
(i) 
(ii) 
sent him a
twenty years ago
(iii) 
(iv) 
passing through
in course of her Journey
(v) 
(vi) 
The lady
spending
(vii) 
(viii) 
The author
cut out
(ix) 
(x)  two weeks
Ans: (i) Paris; (ii) twenty years ago; (iii) The lady; (iv) letter; (v) The lady; (vi) Paris; (vii)
Luxembourg; (viii) the morning; (ix) coffee; (x) next.
Passage-08


Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Alexandra ‗Alex‘ Scott was born in Connecticut in 1996, and was diagnosed with
neuroblastoma, a type of childhood cancer, shortly before she turned 1. In 2000, just after turning
4 years old, she informed her mother that she wanted to start a lemonade stand to raise money for
doctors to "help other kids, like they help me." Her first lemonade stand raised $2,000 dollars
and led to the creation of the Alex‘s Lemonade Stand Foundation. Alex continued her lemonade
stands throughout her life, ultimately raising over $1 million toward cancer research. She passed
away in August 2004 at the age of eight. Today, Alex‘s Lemonade Stand sponsors a national
fundraising weekend in the United States which is popularly known as Lemonade Days. Each
year, as many as 10,000 volunteers at more than 2,000 Alex‘s Lemonade Stands around the
nation make a difference for children with cancer.
What/ Who
Event/ Activity
What/ Where
When/ Where
Alexandra
Connecticut
(i) 
(ii) 
"Alex"
attacked Alex
a type of childhood cancer (iv) 
(iii) 
started
2000
(v) 
(vi) 
First Lemonade raising (vii) 
Alex's Lemonade Stand
(viii) 
stand
Foundation
sponsored by Alex's
in the United
(ix) 
(x) 
Lemonade Stand
States
Ans: (i) was born; (ii) in 1996; (iii) Neuroblastoma; (iv) at the age of one; (v) Alex; (vi) a
lemonade stand; (vii) $2,000; (viii) in the United States; (ix) Lemonade Days; (x) a national
fundraising weekend.
 n h e i j English 
134
Passage-09



i.

ii.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
In 1998, six-year-old Ryan Hreljac was shocked to learn that children in Africa had to walk
many kilometers every day just to fetch water. Ryan decided he needed to build a well for a
village in Africa. By doing household chores and public speaking on clean water issues, Ryan
raised enough money with which his first well was built in 1999 at the Angolo Primary School in
a northern Ugandan village. Ryan‘s determination led to Ryan‘s Well Foundation, which has
completed 667 projects in 16 countries, bringing access to clean water and sanitation to more
than 714,000 people.
Who/ What
Activity/ Event
When
Where
Why/ Reason
Ryan Hreljac
was born
(i) 
Children
for water
(ii) 
(iii) 
raised money
(iv) 
(v) 
runs many projects
to bring access to clean
(vi) 
(vii) 
water and sanitation for
people
Ryan
at the age of (ix) 
(viii) 
seven
Ryan
came to know about (x) 
the water crisis in
Africa
Ans: (i) in 1992; (ii) had to walk many kilometers; (iii) in Africa; (iv) Ryan; (v) to build well;
(vi) Ryan's Well Foundation; (vii) in 16 countries; (viii) raised enough money to build first well;
(ix) at the Angolo Primary School in a northern Ugandan village; (x) in 1998.
Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Anne Frank is perhaps the most well-known victim of the Nazi Holocaust of World War II.
Anne, born on June 12, 1929, was given a diary at the age of 13, in which she chronicled her life
from 1942 to 1944. During this time, Anne spent two years in hiding with her family in Nazioccupied Amsterdam in a secret annex with four other Jews. Betrayed and discovered in 1944,
Anne was sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where she died of typhus in 1945.
Anne‘s father, Otto Frank, was the only occupant of the secret annex to survive the war. In 1947,
he published Anne‘s diary as The Diary of a Young Girl. Anne‘s account of her internment, as well
as her deep belief in humanity has become one of the world‘s most widely read books.
Who/ what
Event
When
Where
(i) ––
got a diary
(ii) ––
(iii) ––
hid
from 1942 to 1944
(iv) ––
Anne
(v) ––
at the age of fifteen
(vi) ––
Anne
(vii) ––
1945
(viii) ––
(ix) ––
published Anne‘s diary
(x) ––
Ans: (i) Anne; (ii) 1942; (iii) Anne‘s family; (iv) Amsterdam; (v) was sent; (vi) concentration
camp; (vii) died; (viii) Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; (ix) Otto Frank; (x) 1947.
Who/ What
Source/ Activity
What/Where
When
Anne Frank
Germany
well known victim of Nazii) 
Holocaust
Anne and her family Chronicle
living in ii) 
iii) 
The family
secret annex
iv) 
v) 
The world
reading
about internment
vii) 
vi) 
Anne
sent to
1944
viii) 
has become
after being
ix) 
world's most x) 
published
 n h e i j English 
135

Ans: (i) During the World War II; ii) a secret annex; iii) during World War II; iv) spent two
years; v) 1942-1944; vi) The Diary of a Young Girl; vii) 1947; viii) Bergen-Belsen
concentration camp; ix) The Diary of a Young Girl; x) widely read book.
Passage-10

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is
separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away...... Now she is married to
another man. My father lives very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. I
begged him to send me some money so that I could buy a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't
answered.
The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a
vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away
from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the
beach. But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me
sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box is quite heavy
when it is full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There
were days when I could not even sell one ice cream. In a way, I am lucky because I am alive.
My friends who work sorting rubbish in dumps often suffer from serious diseases. One of them
was recently killed after he fell into a hole that opened up in the pile of trash. Many of us work
for 10 to 12 hours, and get so little in return that we can't even buy food.
Shoe-shining is very popular among the street kids. A few of my friends also work in factories
and workshops. A boy I know lost one of his eyes after a piece of hot glass flew into his eye at
the glass factory where he worked. The owner refused to pay for medical help and fired him.
For me, like all other children on the street, it is very hard. I am always hungry, and I don't know
where I will sleep the next night. I would like to live in my own home and sleep there in peace.
The nights are very cold in the winter. You can die of cold in the street.
i.
Who
Amerigo
What
living
Amerigo's
(ii) 
Amerigo's
mother
Amerigo
Amerigo
Activities
not paying heed to
Amerigo's call
(iv) 
trash
(i) 
far away
Reason/ Effect
left by parents
feeling indifferent to
Amerigo
(iii) 
marriage to another person
interested to buy
to visit (v) 
(vi) 
(vii) 
was killed
Many of
them
A boy
working for (ix) 
 n h e i j English 
Where
working
from trash
dumps
in the pile of
trash
(viii) 
getting very little amount
in a glass
factory
lossing (x) 
136

Ans: (i) on the street; (ii) father; (iii) avoiding caring for Amerigo; (iv) a bus ticket; (v) his
father; (vi) collecting; (vii) One of his friends; (viii) after falling into a hole that opened up; (ix)
10 to 12 hours; (x) one of his eyes.
ii.
Who/What
Amerigo
(ii) 
Amerigo's home
Amerigo

Event/Activity
lives
lives
sold ice-cream
let him go sleep
Place
(i) 
very far away
the street
When/ How long
since the separation
(iii) 
(iv) 
in his hut
in dumps
at night
(v) 
His friends who work (vi) 
(vii) 
sorting rubbish
He
would like to live
(viii) 
The nights
in winter
(ix) 
can die of cold
in the streets
(x) 
Ans: (i) on the street; (ii) Amerigo's father; (iii) since the separation of his parents; (iv) on the
beach; (v) The owner of ice-cream shop; (vi) suffer from serious diseases; (vii) often; (viii) in his
own home; (ix) are very cold; (x) One.
iii.
Who/What
i) 
His mother iii) 
The streets are his v) 
He stopped collecting trash
He

Happening
living in the street
to another man
Why/From/ Whom
separated from ii) 
his father living iv) 
he used to vi) 
for vii) 
sold ice-cream viii) 
very popular
among the street kids
ix) 
In a glass factory the owner refused to pay for x) 
and fired him
Ans: (i) Amerigo; (ii) his parents; (iii) is married; (iv) far away; (v) home; (vi) collect trash; (vii)
doctor's advice; (viii) but got no money in return; (ix) Shoe-shining; (x) medical help.
Passage-11

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals,
beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of
Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct
and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically
Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh.
Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals.
The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Lamba, Tekonia,
Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.
Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river, to the
north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the KulauraBeanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and
Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.
Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui,
Ghagot, Pabda, and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are
 n h e i j English 
137
frequent upstream movements of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in
Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother
fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities.
i.
Who/What
We
The haor
Event/ Activity
have huge inland open water
resources
was declared an Ecologically
Critical Area
contains more than 238
interconnecting beels and
jalmahals
(d) 
(e) 
live
Hakaluki Haor
is an important source of
fisheries resources
are the main fish spcecies found
Hakaluki Haor
(c) 
Kalibaus, Boal,
Rui, Ghagot, Pabda
and Chapila

Where/ Place
When
(a) 
(b) 
under two administrative
districts: Moulvibazar and
Sylhet
in the area surrounding the
haor
(f) 
(g) 
The beels
in Hakaluki Haor
(h) 
produce millions of fries
Hakaluki Haor
(i) 
(j) 
Ans: (a) in Bangladesh; (b) in April, 1999; (c) Hakaluki; (d) falls; (e) Some 190,000 people; (f)
for Bangladesh; (g) in Hakaluki Hoar; (h) provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries; (i)
Mother fisheries; (j) in early monsoon.
ii.
Who/ What
Event/ Activity
Where/Place
When
Bangladesh
is blessed with huge (i) 
is one of the major
(ii) 
wetlands of (iii) 
Hakaluki
a rich biodiversity
(iv) 
Hakaluki
(v) 
This haor
was declared
in April 1999
(vi) 
It
connects
(vii)  beels
Hakaluki
by the Kushiara river
(viii) 
This haor
under two administrative districts
(ix) 
live
in the surrounding area of the haor
(x) 
 Ans: (i) inland open water resources; (ii) Hakaluki Haor; (iii) Bangladesh; (iv) supports; (v)
provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people; (vi) an Ecologically
Critical Area; (vii) 238 interconnecting; (viii) is bounded; (ix) falls; (x) Some 190,000 people.
Passage-12

Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset
from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The
long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into
the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving.
 n h e i j English 
138

Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying
in the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the
vibrant colours Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred year
old Buddhist Temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area.
Kuakata is also a holy land for the Hindus and Buddhists. Each year thousands of devotees come
here to attend the festivals Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima. On these two days, pilgrims take
holy bath and enjoy going to the traditional fairs.
What/Who
Event/ Occurrence
Why/ When
Where
allows a visitor to enjoy an excellent (ii) 
Kuakata, (i) 
beauty
is one of the most attractive beaches
(iii) 
(iv) 
The sandy beach of slopes gently
(v) 
Kuakata
Bathing, swimming or
(vi) 
(vii) 
diving
is a sanctuary for migratory birds
Kuakata, (viii) 
(ix) 
Thousands of Hindu and
come here
(x) 
Buddhist devotees
Ans: (i) one of the unique spots; (ii) at the sunrise and the sunset; (iii) Kuakata; (iv) in the world;
(v) into the Bay; (vi) is pleasant; (vi) in the sandy beach of Kuakata; (viii) a truly virgin beach;
(ix) in winter; (x) each year to attend the festivals of Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima.
Passage-13


Read the passage and complete the table below with the given information.
According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread
Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For
example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually
depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in
no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the
people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of
Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been
kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and
jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for
protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been
performed in indigenous theatre. In fact, some Gazir paat scrolls are part of the collection of the
British Museum.
Who/ What
Description/Activities
Where
Gazi Pir
extended his religion
(i) 
Many miracles (ii) 
show him riding a fierce looking Bengal tiger
(iii) 
made the villagers live and cultivate their lands (v) 
(iv) 
were said to have been kept
(vi) 
(vii) 
British Museum
(viii) 
(ix) 
would become docile by him
(x) 
Ans: (i) in the parts of Bengal close to the Sundarbans; (ii) made him important; (iii) Paats or
scroll paintings; (iv) Gazi Pir; (v) close to forests and jungles; (vi) All predatory animals; (vii)
within bounds; (viii) Some Gazir paat scrolls; (ix) are collected; (x) Dangerous animals.
 n h e i j English 
139
Question No-03: Summary
1. It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin quarter
overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.
She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and
presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would
like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on the
following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little
luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was
so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I
was too young to have learned to say no to a woman..... I had eighty francs (gold francs) to last me
the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee
for the next two weeks I could manage well enough.
 Ans: This story is about a lady who managed to get a luncheon invitation from a writer at Foyot‘s, one
of the most expensive restaurants in Paris. The writer was then young and new as a writer. He was
flattered by the admiration of the lady and thought that she would be young and beautiful. Though the
writer was not well off, he agreed to entertain her. It was because he did not know how to reject a
woman's proposal.
2. World Health Organization (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and
development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the
critical transitions in one‘s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which
are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and
development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The
biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining
characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This
period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than
before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their
grandparents or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education,
urbanization and spread of global communication.
 Ans: Adolescence is a very important and critical transition period of human life span. At this
stage, humans transform into adults from infancy through different biological processes. Though
biological determinants of adolescence are universal, its defining characteristics may vary from time
to time, culture to culture and generation to generation. Education, urbanisation and spread of global
communication shape the definition of adolescence at a particular context.
3. Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early
age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi
joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually
change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy. The
group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to
reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life
skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of
more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs)
working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada‘s Adolescent Reproductive
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Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents. During
one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early
marriage and pregnancy.
 Ans: Like many other adolescent girls of Bangladesh, Shilpi was married off early. After marriage,
she joined an empowerment group that works to prevent early marriage and pregnancy, and to
change behaviours regarding reproductive health. It provides peer-to-peer support and life skills
training to adolescents. There are over 10,000 such groups working all over Bangladesh through
Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project. In one of the group sessions, Shilpi learned about
the potential harmful effects of child marriage.
4. Anne Frank is perhaps the most well-known victim of the Nazi Holocaust of World War II.
Anne, born on June 12, 1929, was given a diary at the age of 13, in which she chronicled her life
from 1942 to 1944. During this time, Anne spent two years in hiding with her family in Nazioccupied Amsterdam in a secret annex with four other Jews. Betrayed and discovered in 1944, Anne
was sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where she died of typhus in 1945. Anne‘s father,
Otto Frank, was the only occupant of the secret annex to survive the war. In 1947, he published
Anne‘s diary as The Diary of a Young Girl. Anne‘s account of her internment, as well as her deep
belief in humanity has become one of the world‘s most widely read books.
 Ans: Anne Frank was a young German girl who went into hiding during World War II to escape
from the Nazi. Together with her family and four other Jews, she hid in a secret annex in
Amsterdam. After more than two years in hiding, they were discovered and deported to
concentration camps. Anne‘s father, Otto Frank, is the only one to survive. After death, Anne
became world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding
5. Universities should never be made into mechanical organizations for collecting and
distributingknowledge. Through them the people should offer their intellectual hospitality, their
wealth of mind to others, and earn their proud right in return to receive gifts from the rest of the
world. But in the whole length and breadth of India there is not a single University established in the
modern time where a foreign or an Indian student can properly be acquainted with the best products
of the Indian mind. For that we have to cross the sea, and knock at the doors of France and Germany.
Educational institutions in our country are India's alms-bowl of knowledge; they lower our
intellectual self-respect; they encourage us to make a foolish display of decorations composed of
borrowed feathers.
 Ans: In the text, the author talks about his ideas of a university and laments the fact that no Indian
university has the capability to help an Indian student reach his maximum potential. He also adds
with regret that the educational institutions in India are joyless and mechanical, and so, the students
look forward to the European universities. The author further says that educational institutions in
India lower the intellectual self-respect of the students. It also makes them to be furnished wrongly.
6. My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is
separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away. Now she is married to another
man. My father lives very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either.
The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor.
I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash
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dump. Once I worked for an ice-cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the beach. But I got no
money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at
night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box was quite heavy when it was full. I
had to walk for hours, offering my ice-cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I
could not even sell one ice-cream.
In a way, I am lucky because I am alive. One of my friends was recently killed after he fell into a
hole that opened up in the pile of trash. A boy I know lost one of his eyes after a piece of hot glass
flew into his eye at the glass factory where he worked. The owner refused to pay for medical
treatment.For me, like all other street children, life is very hard. I am looking for work. I am
always hungry, and I don't know where I will sleep at night.
 Ans: The passage describes the miserable condition of a street child named Amerigo. He had been
abandoned by his parents. He makes his shelter in streets. With many other street children, he is
leading a very miserable life. He used to collect and sell trash, but due to the bad impacts of such
work on health he left that job. Then he began to work under an ice-cream shop owner. That job
was also too difficult for him. Like many other street children, he is deprived of basic human
rights. His life is very hard as he has no food or shelter.
7. Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the
southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara Police Station of
Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali
district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural
beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and
the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination.
The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a 'Kua'-or well -dug on the sea shore by the
early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast
after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to
dig wells in the neighbourhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply.
Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset
from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The long
and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the
Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving.
 Ans: Kuakata, locally known as the Sagar Kannya is a unique tourist spot as this place is full of
natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal.
From this unique place, one can enjoy both sunset and sunrise. Kuakata is not only an attractive
tourist spot but also the home of the indigenous Rakhaine community and migratory birds. Rich
indigenous culture and its attractive beaches have made Kuakata a true daughter of the sea.
8. According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread
Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For
example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually
depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in
no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the
people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of
Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been
kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and
jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for
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protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been
performed in indigenous theatre. In fact, some Gazir paat scrolls are part of the collection of the
British Museum.
 Ans: Gazi Pir, a legendary Muslim preacher, was famous for his miraculous activities in the areas
close to the Sundarbans. His legend is preserved in paat scroll paintings where he is depicted riding a
ferocious tiger and with a snake in his hand. He is said to have the power of taming ferocious animals.
He helped locals to live and cultivate lands closer to the forest. Some of his paat scrolls are preserved
in the British Museum.
9. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been
subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself
puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the
images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily
vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and
understandable or unclear and confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed,
no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that
researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is
important to consider that science is still unravelling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself.
Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is
essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.
 Ans: Dreams have been a fascinating subject to philosophers for thousands of years. Now it has
become a topic for empirical research and scientific study. Dreams form images of experienced
emotions that may be joyful or frightening, confusing or unclear or understandable. But researchers
are yet to be certain about the purpose of dream, and science is trying to explain it. Some of the
scholars suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, but others believe it is essential to mental or
physical well-being.
10. A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a
particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of
situation, including ban of guns, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to
achieve these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts,
demonstrations, peace camps, supporting anti-war political candidates, and banning guns, creating
open government, direct democracy, supporting people who expose war-crimes or conspiracies to
create wars, and making laws. Different organizations involved in peace movements may have
some diverse goals, but one common goal is sustainability of peace.Peace movement is basically
an all-encompassing "anti-war movement". It is primarily characterized by a belief that human
beings should not wage war on each other or engage in violent conflicts over language, race,
natural resources, religion or ideology. It is believed that military power is not the equivalent of
justice. The peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation of dangerous technologies and
weapons of mass destruction, in particular, nuclear weapons and biological warfare. Moreover,
many object to the export of weapons including hand-held machine guns and grenades by leading
economic nations to lesser developed nations.
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 Ans: Peace movement is basically a social movement that tries to achieve ideals like ending of any
kind of war, minimising violence, banning of guns and sustainability of peace. This movement is
carried out through advocacy of pacifism, diplomacy, boycotts, peace camps, supporting anti-war
political candidates, etc. It believes that humans should not engage in wars over language, race,
natural resources, religion or ideology. It also believes that military power cannot be the equivalent
to justice, and it condemns proliferation of deadly weapons.
11. Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define. As we look around, we discover beauty in
pleasurable objects and sights – in nature, in the laughter of children, in the kindness of strangers.
But asked to define, we run into difficulties. Does beauty have an independent objective identity?
Is it universal, or is it dependent on our sense perceptions? Does it lie in the eye of the beholder?
We ask ourselves. A further difficulty arises when beauty manifests itself not only by its presence,
but by its absence as well, as when we are repulsed by ugliness and desire beauty. But then
ugliness has as much a place in our lives as beauty, or may be more  as when there is
widespread hunger and injustice in a society. Philosophers have told us that beauty is an important
part of life, but isn't ugliness a part of life too? And if art has beauty as an important ingredient,
can it confine itself only to a projection of beauty? Can art ignore what is not beautiful?
 Ans: Beauty is something appreciable but quite indefinable. In our surroundings, beauty can be
seen in various enjoyable forms. But defining it on one's part is very much difficult. Various types
of questions about its existence, form and shape move around our mind. We are moved not only by
its presence but also by its absence. So, ugliness occupies as much a place in our life as beauty.
Though beauty is an important part of art, art cannot ignore ugliness.
12.
Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind
As man‘s ingratitude;
Thy tooth is not so keen,
Because thou art not seen,
Although thy breath be rude.
Heigh-ho! sing heigh-ho! unto the green holly,
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly:
Then heigh-ho, the holly!
This life is most jolly.
Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky,
That dost bite so nigh
As benefits forgot:
Though thou the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so sharp
As friend remembered not.
Heigh-ho! sing heigh-ho! unto the green holly…
 Ans: The poem highlights the duties, responsibilities and hazards of a traffic police for the safety
of people and traffic management. Here the traffic police, standing on the traffic signals, tries to
control vehicle management. He is found in many places. He endures hardship either in sun or in
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rain indiscriminately. He has to be active, vigil and fit. For this, he suffers from earaches and
headaches because of vehicle horn and rough weather. To perform his duties, he hides his own
sweat and sorrows. He knows that he is committed to care only for our safety.
13. Because I have seen Bengal's face I will seek no more;
The world has not anything more beautiful to show me.
Waking up in darkness, gazing at the fig-tree, I behold
Dawn's swallows roosting under huge umbrella- like leaves. I look around me
And discover a leafy dome  Jam, Kanthal, Bat, Hijol and Aswatha trees
All in a hush, shadowing clumps of cactus and zedoary bushes.
When long, long ago, Chand came in his honeycombed boat
To a blue Hijal, Bat and Tamal shade near the Champa, he too sighted
Bengal's incomparable beauty. One day, alas. In the Ganguri,
On a raft, as the waning moon sank on the river's sandbanks,
Behula too saw countless aswaths bats besides golden rice fields
And heard the thrush's soft song. One day, arriving in Amara,
Where gods held court, when she danced like a desolate wagtail,
Bengal's rivers, fields, flowers, wailed like strings of bells on her feet.
 Ans: The poet says that as he perceives the nature of Bangladesh, he is never inclined to enjoy the
rest of the world. His country is replete with natural bliss. There he enjoys watching magpie sitting
under fig leaves. All trees lie in calm and peace. They spread shade all around. This beauty was
observed by the ancient people, too. Even the beauty of Bangladesh is harmonious to the sorrows
of people.
14. All people dream, but not equally.
Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their mind,
Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity.
But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people,
For they dream their dreams with open eyes,
And make them come true.
 Ans: According to the poem the dreams of all people are not the same. Some people dream
impractically at night. On the other hand, there are some people who dream with open eyes. The
dreamers of the day are dangerous people. They dream to make their goal successful.
15.
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
 Ans: Everybody must hold his/her dream up. Without dream his/her life will be that of a broken
winged bird which cannot fly. We cannot let our dreams die. Because without dreams, our lives
will be frozen with snow.
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16. I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee
And live alone in the bee loud glade.
And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;
There midnight‘s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And evening full of the linnet‘s wings
I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,
I hear it in the deep heart‘s core.
 Ans: The poet says that he will go to the Island of Innisfree for peace. He will build a small cabin
with wooden fence and clay. He will live in glade with the sound of bee. Peace will come through
taking away the veil of morning where the cricket sings. The midnights of the Island glimmer and
give purple glow, the moon and the linnet's wings fulfill the evening there. He wants to go there
every night and day where lake water laps a sweet tune. Evin in his city life, he can hear this.
17. She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling- place.
And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
 Ans: The poem is a vivid description of a beautiful lady. She is associated with natural objects. All
the beautiful things find their dwelling in the lady's aspect. Her movement is like a starry sky at
cloudless night. She is nameless grace, sweet, pure and dear. All pure things rest upon her. Here
face is so soft and her smiles glows. She tells about the happy days of life. She is such a beauty
that can win all innocent hearts.
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Question No-04: Cloze Test With Clues
1.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary:–
recur
safe
opine
aware
compulsory
straight
develop
precaution
minimize
lie
loss
possibility
It's a mater of great concern that Bangladesh (a)  in the active earthquake zone. Most of the
people of Bangladesh are fully (b)  of its severity. Experts are alarmed by the (c)  of quakes
during recent years. But they give no (d)  answer to the question of (e)  about the buildings
of Dhaka city. Since there is every (f)  of earthquakes in Bangladesh, experts call for taking
adequate (g)  measures to (h)  losses. Rajuk (i)  that an earthquake resistant building code
should be (j) .
 Ans: (a) lies; (b) aware; (c) recurrence; (d) straight; (e) safety; (f) possibility; (g) precautionary;
(h) minimize; (i) opines; (j) developed.
2.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than necessary. You may change the form of the word if necessary:–
eloquent
darkness
awareness
learn
intellectual
attain
enlighten
choice
sensibility
purpose
human
parochialism
Education is the process by which our mind develops through formal (a)  at an institution. It is
a mental and (b)  training. It provides opportunities of growth and helps to meet challenges to
(c)  success. Moreover, the purpose of education is to (d)  an individual. The aim of
education is also to train individuals to make right (e)  . It ennobles our mind and refines our (f)
 . It broadens our outlook and removes (g) . It helps us to be (h)  of rights and
responsibilities. Education furnishes us with an (i)  in expressing truth. Therefore, it is
compared to light which dispels the (j)  of ignorance.
 Ans: (a) learning; (b) intellectual; (c) attain; (d) enlighten; (e) choices; (f) sensibility; (g)
parochialism; (h) aware; (i) eloquence; (j) darkness.
3.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than necessary. You may change the form of the words if necessary:–
call
among
define
deaths
cause
interpersonal
nature
serious
within
economic
armed
aggressive
Conflict can be (a)  as clash of value and ideas among other things and the most serious form of
conflict is (b)  clashes that results in lots of (c)  and casualties. There can be conflict (d) 
us, which is (e)  intrapersonal conflict. The conflict between or (f)  persons is called (g) 
conflict. Constraint of resources is also a (h)  of conflict and it is known as (i)  conflict.
Conflict is a very common phenomenon, but sometimes it takes (j)  forms.
 Ans: (a) defined; (b) armed; (c) deaths; (d) within; (e) called; (f) among; (g) interpersonal; (h)
cause; (i) economic; (j) serious/aggressive.
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4.

5.

6.

7.

Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary:–
who
health
choice
be
develop
enable
able
ability
importance
face
which
know
Education is one of the basic needs of a human being. It is (a)  for the (b)  of mind. Many
illiterate people do not have any (c)  of health. If they (d)  educated, they could live a (e) 
and planned life. Education teaches us how to live well. It (f)  us to make the right (g)  in
life. It enhances our (h)  to perform our duties properly and (i)  our everyday problems. In
fact, it is education (j)  brings positive changes in our life.
Ans: (a) important; (b) development; (c) knowledge; (d) were; (e) healthy; (f) enables; (g)
choices; (h) ability; (i) face; (j) which.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box. There are more
words than needed. (Make any grammatical change if necessary):–
poisonous
of
preserve
greatest
by
production
be
more
refresh
stern
contamination health
Food adulteration is one of the (a) — problems in the recent time in our country. Different food and
food products, vegetables, fruits and fishes are being (b) — (c) — the unscrupulous and profit monger
businessmen and green grocers. However, we, the general people (d) — the victims (e) — all sorts of
pangs and serious diseases. The businessmen use (f) — chemicals such as DDT, Aldrin, Heptachlor
just to make their products (g) — attractive or to (h) — them for a longtime. So it is time the
authority concerned took (i) — steps to stop such food adulteration. Proper monitoring, supervision,
and public awareness should be compulsory from (j) — level to consumers.
Ans: (a) greatest; (b) contaminated; (c) by; (d) are; (e) of; (f) poisonous; (g) more; (h) preserve;
(i) stern; (j) production.
Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box. Make any grammatical change if necessary:–
victorious
champion
recapitulate
take
birth
attack
independence surrender
oppression
historical
division
significant
The most (a) — event for Bangladesh is her (b) — as an (c) — nation on March 26, 1971. It is a
red letter day in the (d) — of Bangladesh. After the (e) — of sub continent, we got Pakistan. But
the Pakistanees began to (f) — our people. At first, they (g) — our language. We shall never
forget the language movement of 1952. The language movement led to the mass upsurge of
1969. As a result, the war of liberation (h) — place in 1971. After nine months struggle, the
Pakistanees were compelled to (i) — and we won (j) —.
Ans: (a) significant; (b) birth; (c) independent; (d) history; (e) division; (f) oppress; (g) attack; (h)
took; (i) surrender; (j) victory.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary:–
cheat
tell
story
completely
think
rescue
make
face
care
matter
promise
treat
Keeping promise given to anyone is a must though it takes much perseverance to keep promise
honestly. Since keeping promise is a (a) — of remembrance, we should be (b) — whenever we
make promises. While (c) — an unavoidable danger, people usually (d) — any promise only to be
(e) — from the situation without perfect (f) —. After being rescued, most people (g) — forget the
promises given. A (h) — about the pied piper of Germany (i) — how the piper was deliberately (j)
— by the mayor, who has made promises to give piper one thousand guilders for his work.
Ans: (a) matter; (b) careful; (c) facing; (d) make; (e) rescued; (f) thought; (g) completely; (h)
story; (i) tells; (j) cheated
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8.
Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary:–
all
necessary
budget
use
rise
begins
follow
answer
have
through
careful
carefully
Students should be strategic about their examination. It is (a) — for an examinee to (b) — some
instructions. He should go (c) — the whole question before he (d) — to write. He must make a (e)
— of his time so that he can (f) — enough time to answer (g) — questions. He must write his
answer (h) —. He should be (i) — about his handwriting. He can (j) — double spacing if his
handwriting is tiny or very large.
 Ans: (a) necessary; (b) follow; (c) through; (d) begins; (e) budget; (f) have; (g) all; (h) carefully; (i)
careful; (j) use.
9. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
accelerate
gain
disastrous
isolate
explore
revolution
globe
exist
come
noble
add
communication former
successful
We have got many positive things during the last century. We have (a) ––– tremendous advancement
in the field of science. For example man has (b) –––– landed on the moon. He is going to (c) ––––
other planets. We have achieved (d) –––– success in the field of information and technology. Now we
can (e) –––– to any part of the world in a second. The world has become a (f) –––– village. No nation
is (g) –––– from other countries. One country (h) ––– to help other countries during the time of (i) ––.
Science has certainly (j) ––– the process of globalisation.
 Ans: (a) gained; (b) successfully; (c) explore; (d) revolutionary; (e) communicate; (f) global; (g)
isolated; (h) comes; (i) disaster; (j) accelerated.
10. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
count
enter
change
establish
opt
presence
acknowledge
education
reliance
work
recognise
social
unnecessary cocoons
One very conspicuous (a)  in our society is the (b)  of working women outside home. Of course
it has to be (c)  that women have always worked within the household but this (d) — is not
counted as ‗work‘. It is unfortunate that women's role in agricultural societies has not been (e) 
either. Whether it is due to economic necessity or the urge to (f)  as an individual identity or both,
nowadays many women are (g)  the outside workforce. They are joining in a wide range of
professions. Moreover, it is not only (h)  women who are (i)  to work but women with little or
no education have come out of their (j) — to earn and become self-reliant.
 Ans: (a) change; (b) presence; (c) acknowledged; (d) work; (e) recognised; (f) establish; (g)
entering; (h) educated; (i) opting; (j) cocoons.
11. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
warm
cut
rise
anticipation
habitats
alarming
catastrophe
increase
extinct
recklessly
imperative
severe
provide
particularly
The destruction of forests and other (a)  is causing the (b)  of various plants and animals
everyday. In the last 25 years alone the world has lost one third of its natural wealth. Forests are
being (c)  down. Moreover, they are being burnt (d)  resulting in an (e)  in carbon dioxide
and ultimately the water level is (f)  as a consequence of global (g) . It is (h)  that the new
century will face an overwhelming environmental (i) . It is therefore (j)  to check the reckless
pollution of the environment.
Ans: (a) habitats; (b) extinction; (c) cut; (d) recklessly; (e) increase; (f) rising; (g) warming; (h)
anticipated; (i) catastrophe; (j) imperative.
 n h e i j English 
149
12. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
survive
different
leaf
look
colour
from
method
surroundings move
protect
escape
fly
Animals must be able to (a) — themselves from enemies in order to (b) —. Different animals
have (c) — ways. Some animals have protective colouring, that is, their (d) — changes to match
their (e) —. The common tree toad changes (f) — gray to green when it (g) — from the trunk of a
tree to a green (h) —. Similarly the dead-leaf butterfly (i) — being seen by its enemies because it
(j) — likes dry leaf.
 Ans: (a) protect; (b) survive; (c) different; (d) colour; (e) surroundings; (f) from; (g) moves; (h)
leaf; (i) escapes; (j) looks
13. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
drink
eat
available
nutrition
satisfy
happen
mind
lack
need
heart
balanced
knowledge
preserve
for
While (a)  food we should bear in (b)  that we do not eat just to (c)  hunger or to fill the
belly. We eat to (d)  our health. For good health a man (e)  good food. Sometimes, it so (f)
 that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health,
because they have no (g)  of science and (h) . They do not know how to select a (i)  diet
from the many items of food that are (j)  to them.
 Ans: (a) eating; (b) mind; (c) satisfy; (d) preserve; (e) needs; (f) happens; (g) knowledge; (h)
nutrition; (i) balanced; (j) available.
14. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
be
malnutrition
brave
teenage
thatched
strong
land
beg
work
occasion
feeble
marriage
Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) farmer. With great
effort they (b)  their daughters off by the time they reached (c) . The sons also started (d) 
with their father as day labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they (e) 
about seventeen years old, all of them had left to work in nearby towns to earn money. At first
they used to send money to their parents (f)  but after getting married, they stopped sending
money. Ayesha Begum and her husband are now old and (g) . Years of (h)  and deprivation
have made them look older. All they are left with now is their broken little (i)  house. Out of
desperation, Ayesha Begum has started (j) .
 Ans: (a) landless; (b) married; (c) teenage; (d) working; (e) were; (f) occasionally; (g) feeble; (h)
malnutrition; (i) thatched; (j) begging.
15. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
have
experts
biology
told
in
live
sixty
cause
regard
expectancy
expect
warn
at
ninety
At an international conference (a)  Dublin on population trends yesterday, (b)  discussed new
techniques of (c)  engineering that will soon increase the average life (d)  to 150 years.
However, they (e)  that would lead to the problems that (f)  already been (g)  by the
tendency to live longer. Only a few years ago, in Britain and other parts of the world, people were
(h)  as "old" when they reached the age of sixty or seventy, and rarely lived beyond eighty or
(i) . Now, however, several people (j)  up to 120 years.
 Ans: (a) in; (b) experts; (c) biological; (d) expectancy; (e) warned; (f) have; (g) caused; (h)
regarded; (i) ninety; (j) live.
 n h e i j English 
150
16. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
in
be
on
has
for
were
nuclear
need
at
extended
sharing
joint
Nazneen lives in an (a)  family. She (b)  a first year college student. Her annual exams are
knocking (c)  the door. So, she (d)  to study a lot. But conditions in her family are not suitable (e)
 her study. As the family in which she lives is an extended family, she does not (f)  a room of her
own. She is to (g)  her room with her younger brothers and sisters, and at times, with her cousins.
Besides being an extended family, there is so much noise and confusions (h)  it. Under these
adverse situations, she can hardly concentrate (i)  her studies. Now she wishes she (j)  in a
nuclear family.
 Ans: (a) extended; (b) is; (c) at; (d) needs; (e) for; (f) have; (g) share; (h) in; (i) on; (j) were.
17. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
power
violence
slow
control
confine
peace
handicap
sound
voice
through
limit
gradually
Stephen gradually started losing (a) — over the muscles of his body as he (b) — became a victim of
Gehrig's disease. Since the age of thirty, he has been (c) — to a wheelchair with no (d) — to control
his body except for some (e) — movement of his head and hands only. He can speak only (f) — a
computer with a (g) — synthesizer that converts his message into (h) —. But such a tremendous
physical (i) — has not managed to dishearten or (j) — him down.
 Ans: (a) control; (b) gradually; (c) confined; (d) power; (e) limited; (f) through; (g) voice; (h) sounds;
(i) handicap; (j) slow.
18. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
requiring
provide
interesting
enthusiast
factors
ecology
extinction
worship
season
doing
time
habitat
importance
environment
Bird-watching has been a favourite pastime for many nature-lovers. In the past, some birds (a) —
as messengers of the gods. Bird watching these days (b) — for the fun of finding out more about
our feathered friends. In recent years, birds have become the barometers of (c) — changes around
us. Bird watchers have made (d) — contributions towards (e) — information about which birds
have vanished from which areas or become (f) — altogether. They even are trying to find out the
factors which are having bad effects on their (g) —. Bird-watching (h) — a lot of perseverance
and might cover days, months or years, through summer or winter, heat or rain to observe (i) —
habits of birds. Real (j) — have even gone to remote islands to observe birds. Bird-watching is
quite well-known in many countries of the world.
 Ans: (a) were worshipped; (b) is done; (c) ecological; (d) important; (e) providing; (f) extinct; (g)
environment; (h) requires; (i) seasonal; (j) enthusiasts.
19. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
solve
ensure
in vain
address
work
must
for
paramount
originate
upliftment
balance
call
(a) — illiteracy problem is the (b) — task of the hour. We must educate all of our people (c) —
our balanced development, otherwise all of our development plans must go (d) —. If we can
educate our people, half of our problems will be automatically (e) —. That's why education is (f)
— the nerve of development. All strength and power to (g) — the development of the country, (h)
— from education. So, we (i) — give topmost priority on education sector if we really want the
(j) — of our dear motherland.
 Ans: (a) Addressing; (b) paramount; (c) for; (d) in vain; (e) solved; (f) called; (g) ensure; (h)
originates; (i) must; (j) upliftment.
 n h e i j English 
151
20. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
earn
merely
chain
from
world
raise
and
dominate
surplus
rightful
descend
free
arise
fall
Liberty does not (a) — upon people; people must (b) — themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be
(c) — before it can be enjoyed. That freedom means freedom only from foreign (d) — is an
outworn idea. It is not (e) — the government that should be free, but people themselves should be
free. And no (f) — has any real value for the common men or women unless it also means
freedom from want, freedom from disease and freedom (g) — ignorance. This is the main task
which confronts us if we are to take our (h) — place in the modern (i) —. So, we must go forward
at a double pace bending all our resources (j) — energies to this great purpose.
 Ans: (a) descend; (b) raise; (c) earned; (d) domination; (e) merely; (f) freedom; (g) from; (h)
rightful; (i) world; (j) and.
21. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
martyrdom
lock
intellect
prevail
clash
shoot
conspire
spirit
killing
enforce
violate
fail
One who lays down one's life for upholding the cause of the motherland, occupies the glorious
position of a (a) —. Shaheed Dr. Shamsuzzoha is such a proud son of our beloved motherland. He
was the first (b) — who embraced martyrdom during the preliberation period of Bangladesh.
After the (c) — of the trumped-up Agartala (d) — case, Sergeant Zohurul Haque was killed in
prison by the Ayub Khan Govt. on February 1969. Following the brutal killing, a flame of protest
ablazed throughout the then East Pakistan. A volatile situation also (e) — in the Rajshahi city
where section 144 was (f) — to prevent the agitating students from taking part in any protest. But
the students of Rajshahi University were (g) — and bold enough to bring out a vigorous
procession (h) — section 144 that subsequently led them to be (i) — in the clash with the police
and the armed forces. The armed forces started to take up their positions against the students. Dr.
Zoha came forward to save the studnets and ultimately, he was (j) — dead.
 Ans: (a) martyr; (b) intellectual; (c) failure; (d) conspiracy; (e) prevailed; (f) enforced; (g)
spirited; (h) violating; (i) locked; (j) shot.
22. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
transmit
electronic
simultaneous store
sent
base
mode
actually
communicate easily
personal
establish
time
improve
E-mail means (a) — mail. It is an electronic (b) — of communication. E-mail (c) — is user to
user but telex communication is terminal to terminal. Telephone connection often takes a lot of
time to be (d) —. In telex communication both the caller and the called must be present (e) —.
But e-mail is a computer (f) — system and the messages that are (g) — via the computer become
(h) — in the mail box of an individual's (i) — computer without the need of his being (j) —
present. Thus e-mail saves both time and money.
 Ans: (a) electronic; (b) mode; (c) communication; (d) established; (e) simultaneously; (f) based;
(g) sent; (h) stored; (i) personal; (j) actually.
 n h e i j English 
152
23. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
waste
community
sphere
family
returns
women
educate
develop
children
welfare
mother
sector
Education for the girls is essential for the development in all (a) — of the society. So, investments
in the education of (b) — will bring in greater (c) — in the field of economic and social (d) —.
Educated women can contribute more to the family (e) — than those who have no schooling.
Educated (f) — are more likely to send their (g) — to school and look after their health and
nutrition. Thus (h) — women can contribute to the (i) — development. On the other hand, failure
to educate women is a tremendous (j) — of human resource.
 Ans: (a) sectors; (b) women; (c) returns; (d) development; (e) welfare; (f) mothers; (g) children;
(h) educated; (i) community; (j) waste.
24. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
learn
quickly
over
commit
explain
fill
of
enrich
aloud
times
possess
thought
memory
poem
Young people often consider (a) — poetry by heart a tiresome drudgery. But the learning of
poetry has great advantage (b) — merely reading it. Poems that have been learnt become a
permanent, personal (c) —. The mind is (d) — with a store of beautiful or lofty (e) — and
ideas which may be a source of pleasure, comfort and inspiration at (f) — when the books are
not at hand. Poems selected for learning, however, should be worthy (g) — the time to be
spent on them and should be those which make a strong appeal to the learner. The best way
to (h) — a poem to memory is not to learn it line by line, but to read the whole poem (i) —
over and over again until it is thoroughly (j) —.
 Ans: (a) learning; (b) over; (c) possession; (d) enriched/filled; (e) thoughts; (f) times; (g) of; (h)
commit; (i) aloud; (j) memorised.
25. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
control
keep
remain
talk
consider
trait
embrace
make
behave
friendly
praiseworthy
regard
The habit of the British for (a)  their emotions private is (b) . Some obvious things are noticed
in the (c)  of the British. For example, on public transport one passenger does not usually (d) 
to another passenger. On first meeting, people do not (e)  and often simply shake hands. In
theatres, concert halls and cinemas audiences (f)  quiet during the performance. None of these (g)
 of their conduct should be (h)  as unfriendliness. If a visitor (i)  the first move to start a
conversation, he will find a British citizen rather (j) .
 Ans: (a) keeping; (b) praiseworthy; (c) behaviour; (d) talk; (e) embrace; (f) remain; (g) traits; (h)
considered; (i) makes; (j) friendly.
26. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
disease
fertilizers
although
increase
environment
alarm
severely
suffer
chemical
believe
greater
afflict
Many diseases are rising at an (a) — rate, which experts believe is due to (b) — pollution of the
(c) —. Pollution appears to be (d) — in urban areas (e) — rural societies too are (f) — by
increased use of (g) — fertilizers and insecticides. Nevertheless, today city people appear to
suffer from many more (h) — and (i) — more (j) — than country people.
 Ans: (a) alarming; (b) increasing; (c) environment; (d) greater; (e) although; (f) afflicted; (g)
chemical; (h) diseases; (i) suffer; (j) severely.
 n h e i j English 
153
27. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
lock
join
spread
violate
wound
take
term
injure
kill
enforce
martyr
consider
Shaheed Doctor Shamsuzzoha is (a) — to be the first intellectual who attained (b) —– during the
pre-liberation period of Bangladesh. Following the (c)  of Sergeant Zohurul Haque in prison by
the autocratic Ayub Khan government, a flame of protest (d)  throughout erstwhile East Pakistan.
On February 17, 1969 Section 144 was (e) — on Rajshahi city. The students of Rajshahi University,
who had (f) — the protest, took out a procession in (g) — of Section 144 and were (h) — in a clash
with police in front of the residence of the Principal of Rajshahi Medical College. As a result,
several students were (i) —. On hearing this, Dr Zoha, a professor of chemistry and proctor of the
University, rushed to the spot and took the (j) — students to hospital.
 Ans: (a) considered; (b) martyrdom; (c) killing; (d) spread; (e) enforced; (f) joined; (g) violation;
(h) locked; (i) injured; (j) wounded.
28. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
mankind
endanger
be
save
concern
mean
protection
destroy
species
perish
spoil
change
All species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, the whole natural
environment gets (a) —. We should (b) — our wildlife to protect the environment from being (c)
—. Many countries are now taking action to protect their (d) — wildlife. Mankind must develop a
(e) — for wild creatures and must ensure that they will not (f) —. (g) — wild creatures means
destroying ourselves. It is high time we (h) — them. Love for animals (i) — love for (j) —.
 Ans: (a) changed; (b) protect; (c) spoilt; (d) endangered; (e) concern; (f) perish; (g) Destroying;
(h) saved; (i) means; (j) mankind.
29. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
enter
expansion
tremendously universities
awards
rewards
high
contribute
much
courses
traditional
students
subscribe
Higher education in Britain has experienced a dramatic (a) —–. One in three young people now (b)
— higher education compared to one in six in 1989. The number of graduates also has increased (c) — .
There are some 90 (d) — in Britain which offer (e) — in a wide range of subjects including (f) — arts
subject as well as science and technology. Over 90% (g) — receive government (h) — covering tuition
fees and a maintenance grant. Parents also (i) — the amount depending on their income. The overseas
students have to pay very (j) — tuition fees.
 Ans: (a) expansion; (b) enters; (c) tremendously; (d) universities; (e) courses; (f) traditional; (g)
students; (h) award; (i) contribute; (j) high.
30. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
even
run
watch
enjoy
be
see
distance
show
information
vary
source
numerous
Television has (a)  the most common and widespread (b)  of entertainment of the present
world. A wide range of programmes of (c)  interest is telecast on (d)  channels. Almost every
middle class and (e)  working class families have a television set today. Television programmes
are not only (f)  but also highly educative. For example, television is used for (g)  learning.
Courses (h)  by the Open University are (i)  on BTV. Several channels like the Discovery
Channel and The National Geographic Channel telecast highly (j)  programmes.
 Ans: (a) been; (b) source; (c) various; (d) numerous; (e) even; (f) enjoyable; (g) distance; (h) run;
(i) shown; (j) informative.
 n h e i j English 
154
31. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
caprice
leisure
neglect
street
scrutiny
credit
want
opinion
employment
reject
friends
money
Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in the world without (a) . To be in (b)  of it, is to
pass through life with little (c)  or pleasure, it is to be despised; it is not to be asked out to
dinner, or noticed in the (d) ; it is not to have your (e)  consulted or else (f)  with
contempt, it is to be (g)  by strangers and neglected by (h) , it is to forego (i) , freedom,
ease of body and mind, to be dependent on the good will and (j)  of others.
 Ans: (a) money; (b) want; (c) credit; (d) street; (e) opinion; (f) rejected; (g) scrutinised; (h)
friends; (i) leisure; (j) caprice.
32. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
aware
use
usual
develop
mother
spontaneous communication
acquisition
ability
fact
acquire
learning
natural
competent
Communicative competence refers to the (a) — to use language appropriately in various
circumstances. There are two ways of (b) — communicative competence in a language. The first is
(c) — which is similar to the way people develop ability in their (d) — tongue. They are aware only
of the (e) — that they are (f) — the language for (g) —. It is a (h) — subconscious process in
which users are not (i) — of acquiring a language. In non-technical terms acquisition is 'picking
up' a language (j) —.
 Ans: (a) ability; (b) developing; (c) acquisition; (d) mother; (e) fact; (f) using; (g) communication;
(h) natural; (i) aware; (j) spontaneously.
33. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
enables
educated
choice
importance
healthy
know
develop
protect
need
education
food
ability
Education is one of the basic (a) — of a human being. It is (b) — for the (c) — of mind. Many
illiterate people do not have any (d) — of health. If they were (e) —, they could live a (f) — and
planned life. (g) — teaches us how to live well. It (h) — us to make the right (i) — in life. It
enhances our (j) — to face our everyday problems.
Ans: (a) needs; (b) important; (c) development; (d) knowledge; (e) educated; (f) healthy; (g)
Education; (h) enables; (i) choices; (j) ability.
34. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
waste
community
sphere
women
family
returns
educate
develop
children
welfare
mother
sector
Education for girls is essential for the development in all (a) — of the society. So, investments in
the education of (b) — will bring in greater (c) — in the field of economic and social (d) —.
Educated women can contribute more to the family (e) — than those who have no schooling.
Educated (f) — are more likely to send their (g) — to school and look after their health and
nutrition. Thus (h) — women can contribute to the (i) — development. On the other hand, failure
to educate women is a tremendous (j) — of human resource.
 Ans: (a) sectors; (b) women; (c) returns; (d) development; (e) welfare; (f) mothers; (g) children;
(h) educated; (i) community; (j) waste.
 n h e i j English 
155
35. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
identity
pioneer
leader
man
than
know
then
went
combining
student
remembered now
design
concept
Hamidur Rahman was the (a) — who gave shape to the (b) — and design of the Shaheed Minar,
by (c) — all the aspirations of Bengali (d) — and nationalism. He was the first art (e) — of
Bangladesh who in the 1950s (f) — to Europe and studied at ―Ecolede Beaux Art‖ in Paris. He
was the (g) — of the new painting movement to the (h) — Pakistan. But he is most (i) — for his
remarkable (j) — of the Central Shaheed Minar.
 Ans: (a) man; (b) concept; (c) combining; (d) identity; (e) student; (f) went; (g) pioneer; (h) then;
(i) remembered; (j) design.
36. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
warmer
flood
change
climate
catastrophic
destroy
unnecessary
severely
alarm
gradual
rise
evidence
prediction increase
The world is getting (a) — because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world
die (b) — as a result of pollution. In recent years, there have been many (c) — reports that the
world‘s (d) — is undergoing a significant (e) —. All these reports provide strong (f) — that world
temperatures are (g) — day by day. Climatologists (h) — that midway through the next century
temperature may have (i) — as much as 40 centigrade. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j)
— coastal areas and farmlands.
 Ans: (a) warmer; (b) unnecessarily; (c) alarming; (d) climate; (e) change; (f) evidence; (g)
increasing; (h) predict; (i) risen; (j) flood.
37. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
appear
alarm
at
afflict
differ
city
due
pollute
severe
increase
from
suffer
Many diseases are rising (a) — an (b) — rate, which experts believe is (c) — to increased (d) — of
the environment. Pollution (e) — to be greater in urban areas although rural societies too are (f) — by
(g) — use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Nevertheless, today city people (h) — to suffer
from many more diseases and suffer more (i) — than country people. Now let us see how life in cities
is (j) — from that in the country.
 Ans: (a) at; (b) alarming; (c) due; (d) pollution; (e) appears; (f) polluted; (g) increasing; (h) are
afflicted; (i) severely; (j) different.
38. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are
more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
resources
potential
create
for
returns
achievement
among
likely
fail
have
success
from
Investment in education (a)  girls increases the economic and social (b)  of development
investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c)  wealth through its impact on
economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d)  than those who have (e) 
no schooling. Educated mothers are more (f)  to send both their boys and girls to school. It is
important to realise that (g)  in girl's education generally results (h)  an integrated approach
to community development. Thus (i)  to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential
human (j) .
 Ans: (a) for; (b) returns; (c) to creating; (d) potential; (e) had; (f) likely; (g) success; (h) from; (i) failing;
(j) resources.
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39. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
drive
without
traffic
conscious
occur
be
go
frequent
many
through
easily
know
move
come
It (a)  difficult to drive in Bangladesh if you have no experience of (b)  here. Drivers change
lanes (c) . As a foreigner you may find lane changing (d)  signal quite distressing. Even
drivers (e)  defying rules. Many people are not at all (f)  about traffic signals. They go
around not (g)  what may happen to them if accident (h) . Rickshaws and baby-taxis (i)  in
and out in a zigzag course and try to push (j)  whenever they find some space.
 Ans: (a) is; (b) driving; (c) frequently; (d) without; (e) go; (f) conscious; (g) knowing; (h) occurs;
(i) move; (j) through.
40. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more
words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.
attitude
amply
predetermined ordered
hold
sorrows
outlook
belief
undergo
ordained
fate
poor
There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a) . Quite early in life they
learn to (b)  that everything in this world was (c) . They think all that happens to them was
(d)  by God. From this belief the poor generally accept their (e) . They also accept all their
(f)  and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also (g)  a firm belief that
those who (h)  sufferings in this world will be (i)  rewarded in the next world. They also have
the same sort of (j)  towards illness and disease.
 Ans: (a) outlook; (b) believe; (c) predetermined; (d) ordained; (e) fate; (f) sorrows; (g) hold; (h)
undergo; (i) amply; (j) attitude.
Question No-05: Cloze Test Without Clues
1.
Fill in the gaps using suitable words:
Rabindranath Tagore was a man of (a)  genius. He was (b)  a poet and a novelist (c)  a
playwright, a composer, a painter and a philosopher. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for (d) 
'Gitanjali' into English. Those translations earned him a great (e)  in the West. As a humanist,
Tagore accused the British (f)  and pleaded for the (g)  of India from Britain. Tagore was
highly influential in (h)  the best of Indian culture to the West and Vice-versa. He (i)  himself
to literature at a very early age. After coming back from England, he began to write (j)  in all
branches of literature.
 Ans: (a) artistic/versatile/great; (b) not only; (c) but also; (d) translating; (e) fame; (f)
rule/government/ administration; (g) independence separation; (h) up holding/advocating; (i)
devoted; (j) successfully,
2. Fill in the gaps using suitable words:
Bangladesh is a land of (a)  beauty. Its beauty is so captivating that a stranger cannot but be (b)
 looking at this endless variety. Nature has (c)  showered its blessings on this country. The
rivers, hills and forests are rich in natural (d)  . The people of this country feel a strong (e) 
for their motherland. They love their motherland from the (f)  of heart. They work hard to (g)
 its economic condition and to remove poverty. Most of them toil hard from dawn to dusk to
accelerate the pace of (h)  . The progress of this country lies in the (i)  of common people.
They are the (j)  of a beautiful and prosperous Bangladesh.
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 Ans: (a) natural; (b) surprised; (c) bounteously; (d) beauty/ resources; (e) love; (f) core; (g)
develop; (h) progress/development; (i) efforts; (j) driving force/workers.
3.
Fill in the gaps using suitable words:
Sincerity is the best way of achieving success. One can go a long way if one does anything with
sincerity. People who are sincere in their work are (a)  of making anything success. The great
men are also sincere because they (b)  that sincerity is the (c)  to success. Those who are not
(d)  can never (e)  a long way in the world. The poor people are not always sincere because
they do to know the (f)  of sincerity. If they knew it, they would (g)  a good use of it. Sincerity
means not only to do work (h)  but also with dutifulness, honesty, modesty and good behaviour.
If all of us (i)  sincere, our country will (j)  be prosperous.
 Ans: (a) capable; (b) know; (c) key; (d) sincere; (e) go; (f) value; (g) make; (h) with impartiality;
(i) become; (j) definitely.
4.
Fill in the gaps using suitable words:
Sports are a popular form of entertainment. Many international sporting events are (a)  from
time to time. Most of these events are (b)  by multinational manufacturing (c)  and business
firms. They pay for the sports events in (d)  for the right to (e)  their products during those
events. These events are (f)  worldwide by satellite and people all over the world watch them
(g) . As a (h)  , the sponsors' products receive maximum media (i) . Thus sports help the (j)
 of trade and commerce.
 Ans: (a) organised; (b) sponsored; (c) companies; (d) exchange; (e) promote/advertise; (f)
telecast/ broadcast; (g) live; (h) result; (i) coverage; (j) growth/promotion.
5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words in each gap:—
Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define. If we look around, we will discover beauty in (a)
— objects and sight in nature, in the (b) — of children, in kindness of strangers. But asked to define,
we run into (c) —. Does beauty have an independent identity? Is it (d) — or relative? Is it dependent
on our sense (e) —? Does it lie in the (f) — the beholder? Thus there will arise a number of (g) — in
our mind. However, poets, artists, philosophers and thinkers (h) — always in search of beauty in their
works and arts. But most of them have the common and undisputed opinion that where there is
beauty, there is (i) — that is a thing of beauty is a joy (j) —.
 Ans: (a) pleasurable/different; (b) laughter/smile; (c) difficulty; (d) universal; (e) perceptions; (f)
eye; (g) questions; (h) are; (i) joy; (j) for ever.
6. Fill in the gaps with appropriate word:—
There goes a saying that child is the (a) — of man. Today's child is the (b) — of a nation. He will
(c) — the country. The whole (d) — depends on their proper (e) —. It is our fundamental (f) — to
rouse their (g) — talent. A sound environment is (h) — both in the family and society so that a
child can (i) — up physically, mentally and spiritually. Only then it will be (j) — to build up a
beautiful and developed country.
 Ans: (a) father; (b) future; (c) run; (d) country; (e) upbringing; (f) duty; (g) inherent; (h) needed;
(i) grow; (j) possible.
7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap:—
The proper (a) — of study involves regular and proper understanding. In order to (b) — the best
benefit from study, we should read (c) — and intelligently. We should not study (d) — for the
purpose of (e) — examinations. We should take genuine (f) — in our studies so that we can
enjoy what we (g) —. This will give us knowledge and wisdom and (h) — the horizon of our (i)
—. We should, therefore, study not for immediate gains but for (j) — the wealth of our mind.
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 Ans: (a) way; (b) gain; (c) attentively; (d) only; (e) passing; (f) interest; (g) learn; (h) broaden; (i)
learning; (j) enriching.
8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap:—
Many events of great importance (a) — during the last century. Significant advances (b) — in the
field of science and technology. Many European colonies gained independence. The movement
(c) — democracy became (d) — in many parts of the world. Two world wars (e) —in the century.
It (f) — witnessed the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely destroyed
as a result of dropping of atom bombs. The Vietnam war and the Gulf war killed many innocent
people. However the (g) — of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) — a momentous event.
After a (i) — war of nine months, Bangladesh was born. Now we (j) — our heads high as an
independent country in the world.
 Ans: (a) happened/took place; (b) were made/occurred; (c) for; (d) vibrant; (e) broke out/took
place; (f) also; (g) birth; (h) was; (i) bloody; (j) hold.
9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Hospitality has long been a part of our (a) –– in Bangladesh. Although many other (b) –– are
changing now, people are still quite (e) –– and friendly towards (d) ––. They like speaking to
foreigners even if they have not been (e) ––. It is quite (f) –– for Bangladeshi to ask personal (g) –
– about family, jobs and (h) –– which visitors from overseas might find (i) ––. However, it should
be understood that no harm is (j) –– by such question. On the other hand, they express a genuine
interest in the foreigner's state of affairs!
 Ans: (a) culture/tradition; (b) things/customs/practices; (c) polite/ gentle/amiable; (d) foreigners;
(e) introduced; (f) common/ natural; (g) questions/ information; (h) income/ salary; (i) awkward
/inappropriate/rude; (j) meant.
10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
I have recently noticed that our (a) ––son, younger than my son, has started (b) ––. I have tried
many (c) –– to tell him to give it (d) –– because it is nothing but slow (e) ––. But he walks (f) ––
with the retort, "You are not my guardian. I don't have to (g) –– to you." Our family is on very
good (h) –– with his family, but I don't think his parents (i) –– that he smokes. I am in a (j) ––
should I or shouldn't I tell them?
 Ans: (a) neighbour's; (b) smoking; (c) times; (d) up; (e) poisoning; (f) off; (g) listen; (h) terms; (i)
know; (j) fix/ dilemma.
11. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Teaching in Bangladesh is still not up to the world standard. The most unfortunate thing is that it
is falling down very rapidly day by day. It is mainly (a) –– of the traditional education system.
Teachers do not know much about the modern teaching method. Moreover, the testing (b) –– is
not effective. Students can (c) –– good marks by memorizing. But in this system they lose their
(d) –– power and learn to depend on (e) ––. As a result, they cannot face new (f) ––. Whenever
they talk, they reveal their ignorance. They lose (g) –– in the process. It is great (h) –– for the
nation. Conditions should be improved to (i) –– our children in a proper way so that they may
exploit the whole (j) –– boldly.
 Ans: (a) because; (b) system/ procedure/ process/ method; (c) get/obtain/ acquire; (d) creative/
inventive/ imaginative /innovative; (e) memorisation; (f) challenges/problems/ tests; (g)
creativity; (h) misfortune/setback/ disgrace/ dishonour; (i) educate; (j) world.
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12. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Television has become a (a)  source of entertainment of the present world. A wide (b)  of
programmes is (c)  on numerous channels. Almost every family has a television (d)  today.
Television (e)  are not only entertaining; they can be highly (f)  too. For example, television is
now (g)  used for distance learning. Courses (h)  by the Open University are shown on BTV.
Several channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel telecast highly
informative and (i)  programmes. However, watching TV (j)  is not permissible.
 Ans: (a) popular/common; (b) range; (c) telecast;
(d) set; (e) programmes; (f) educative; (g)
being; (h) run; (i) useful/educative; (j) continuously/much
13. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
There are many people in Bangladesh who have a (a) –– outlook. Quite (b) –– in life they learn
to believe that everything in this world was (c) –– and all that happens to them was (d) –– by
God. From this (e) –– the poor generally accept their poverty and all their sorrows and (f) ––
without trying much to (g) –– them. They also hold a (h) –– belief that those who undergo
sufferings in this (i) –– world will be amply (j) –– in the next world.
 Ans: (a) conservative; (b) early; (c) predetermined /prearranged; (d) ordained/ decided/
determined; (e) belief/faith/ assumption; (f) sufferings /misfortunes; (g) overcome; (h) firm/
strong; (i) material/present; (j) rewarded/ compensated.
14. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" relates the experiences of a sailor (a) –– has returned from a
long (b) –– voyage. The mariner stops a man who is on the way to a wedding (c) –– and begins
(d) –– narrate the story. The mariner's tale begins (e) –– his ship departing on its journey.
Despite initial good fortune, the (f) –– is driven south by a storm (g) –– eventually reaches the
Antarctic waters. An albatross appears and leads them out of the ice jam where they had been
stuck, but suddenly the mariner shoots the bird. The crew gets (h) –– with the mariner, believing
the albatross brought south (i) –– that led them out of the Antarctic. However, the sailors (j) ––
their minds when the weather becomes warmer and mist disappears.
 Ans: (a) who; (b) weary; (c) programme/ceremony; (d) to; (e) with; (f) ship; (g) and; (h)
angry/annoyed; (i) wind/breeze/ current; (j) change.
15. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Our liberation is the (a) –– achievement in our national life. It was (b) –– in 1971. We had been
(c) –– Pakistani rule for twenty-five years. But the discrimination, (d) –– and suppression of the
West Pakistani rulers (e) –– us to wage the Liberation War. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman led the struggle for (f) –– . But soon he was (g) –– by Pakistani rulers. However, people
from all (h) –– of life took part in the war responding to the call and order of Bangabandhu. This
war (i) –– a great protest against all forms of wrong doing. Now, we observe our independence
with due (j) — and solemnity.
 Ans: (a) greatest/biggest; (b) achieved/earned; (c) under; (d) oppression/ hatred/cruelty; (e)
compelled/ drove/pressed; (f) us/ Bangalees; (g) imprisoned/jailed; (h) walks; (i) was/is; (j) respect.
16. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
One very (a) –– change in our society is the presence of working women outside the home. Of
course, it has to be (b) –– that women have always worked within the house-hold but this
commonly is not counted as 'work'. It is unfortunate that women's roles in agricultural societies
have not been (c) –– either. Whether it is due to economic necessity or the urge to (d) –– an
individual identity or both, nowadays many women are joining the outside workforce. They are
(e) –– a wide range of professions. Moreover, both educated and uneducated women are (f) –– to
work outside. All of them are trying to be self (g) –– . The life of a woman has now become more
(h) –– . Because they have to shoulder (i) –– roles also. Most of the women have to compete with
men (j) –– .
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 Ans: (a) conspicuous/noticeable/ apparent; (b) acknowledged; (c) recognised; (d) establish; (e)
joining; (f) opting/ preferring/choosing; (g) reliant/ sufficient/supporting; (h) difficult/challenging/
troublesome/painful; (i) traditional/ conventional; (j) to survive/daily/regularly.
17. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap :
The craft of (a) — paper to give them different (b) — without any cutting or pasting is called
Oregami. Although not much is known about its (c) —. Oregami has been (d) — in the Orient for
(e) —. In fact it has taken the form of sophisticated (f) — in Japan where it is specially (g) — for
decorating and for (h) —. As a form of (i) — plaything, Oregami takes the form of birds, fish,
insects, animals and geometrical figures, sometimes with (j) — parts to imitate the movement of
real life objects.
 Ans: (a) folding; (b) shapes; (c) origin; (d) practised; (e) centuries; (f) art; (g) prized; (h)
ceremonies; (i) decorative; (j) flexible.
18. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in each gap:
Sincerity is the best way of achieving success. One can go a long way if one does anything with
sincerity. People who are sincere to their work are (a) — of making anything success. The great
men are also sincere because they (b) — that sincerity is the (c) — to success. Those who are not
(d) — can never (e) — a long way in the world. The poor people are not always sincere, because
they do not know the (f) — of sincerity. If they knew it, they would (g) — a good use of it.
Sincerity (h) — not only to do work properly, but also with dutifulness, honesty, modesty and
good behaviour. The people of our country are not still (i) — of the (j) — of sincerity.
 Ans: (a) sure/capable; (b) know; (c) key; (d) sincere; (e) go; (f) importance; (g) make; (h) helps;
(i) conscious/aware; (j) importance.
19. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Modern life (a) — much on transport. We can very well (b) — how important transport is when it
is (c) — by natural calamities or during socio-political crises. In fact, transport has made it (d) —
for us to reach places previously (e) —. It has (f) — helped the flourishment of trade and
commerce and to (g) — new knowledge and ideas. (h) — transport has (i) — friendship and
understanding among nations and people (j) — the globe.
 Ans: (a) depends; (b) understand/realise; (c) destroyed/ obstructed; (d) possible /easier; (e)
impossible/ difficult; (f) amply/ profusely/ tremendously; (g) gather/acquire; (h) Moreover; (i)
developed; (j) across/around.
20. Fill in the blanks with suitable word in each gap:
Jerry, an orphan of twelve, (a) — in an orphanage. The authoress hired a cabin belonging (b) —
the orphanage. Jerry came to her cabin to chop (c) — for the fireplace. He also (d) — some extra
work for (e) —. Once Jerry (f) — a cubby-hole where he put (g) — kindling and medium wood
so (h) — the authoress might (i) — dry fire materials ready in case (j) — sudden wet weather.
 Ans: (a) lived; (b) to; (c) wood; (d) did; (e) authoress; (f) found; (g) some; (h) that; (i) find/have;
(j) of.
21. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
People's interest in birds goes way back into the past when some birds were actually (a) — as
messenger of Gods in ancient Egyptian as well as in other cultures. Bird watching these days is
done for the fun of finding out more about our feathered friends and (b) — to our knowledge
about them. In recent years birds have become the barometers of (c) — changes around us. Birds
watchers have made important contributions towards (d) — information about which birds have
(e) — from which areas or become extinct altogether or what factors are having bad effects on
their (f) —. Birds watching requires a lot of (g) — and might cover days, months or years. Real
(h) — even go to (i) — Islands to observe a queer variety of birds. Bird watching has become
well-known almost allover the world and many travel agencies can also provide necessary
information on (j) — which are suitable for bird watching.
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 Ans: (a) worshipped; (b) contributing; (c) ecological; (d) providing; (e) vanished; (f) habitations;
(g) patience/ perseverance; (h) enthusiasts; (i) remote; (j) regions.
22. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Our modes of entertainment are (a) — a significant change. The traditional sources of
entertainment are no more (b) —. People are no longer (c) — with the traditional forms of
entertainment. The western culture and music are now (d) — the upper hand of (e) — modes of
entertainment. Our own music and culture are (f) — fast coming in (g) — with the western
culture. So there is a blending of melodies between western music and our own music. Now
people (h) — cricket to football. Radio is (i) — popularity and sports is also (j) — as a popular
source of entertainment.
 Ans: (a) undergoing; (b) existent/prevalent; (c) satisfied; (d) getting; (e) native; (f) now;(g)
contact; (h) prefer; (i) getting/gaining; (j) regarded.
23. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
'Tsunami' is a Japanese word which means marine earthquake. It caused a great (a) — on life and
property along the coastlines of India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Indonesia. About 5 million people
became (b) —. We are fortunate enough that by the (c) — of God, Bangladesh narrowly (d) — such
a natural (e) —. But it is not unknown to us that Bangladesh lies in (f) — earthquake zone. It still
has (g) — for Bangladesh to save the (h) — region from any such colossal (i) — of Tsunami. Since
nobody can predict the (j) — time of earthquake, we have to be careful and conscious from now on.
 Ans: (a) effect; (b) homeless; (c) mercy; (d) escaped; (e) disaster; (f) an; (g) possibility; (h)
vulnerable; (i) destruction; (j) exact.
24. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
One day a lad went to a famous teacher and having expressed his desire to (a) — knowledge,
begged him to (b) — him in the arts and sciences. The learned man, wishing to (c) — out what
sort of ability the lad (d) —, asked him where God (e) —. The lad replied, "I will answer you, if
you will first (f) — me where He is (g) —". The sage, from his sensible (h) —, thought highly of
the boy's (i) — and according to his (j) — perfected him in his studies. Thus the wisdom of the
wise manifests itself early.
 Ans: (a) acquire; (b) teach; (c) find; (d) possessed/had; (e) is; (f) tell; (g) not; (h) reply; (i)
wisdom/intellect; (j) ability.
25. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Bangladesh is a small country, it has a (a)  population. Most people here live below the (b) 
line and cannot therefore (c)  to educate their children. Many poor children (d)  drop out of
school after just a few years or simply do not go to (e)  at all. Despite this situation we have far
too many (f)  to educate compared to the number of (g)  available. Bangladesh needs more
schools, colleges and (h)  to provide for the increasing number of (i) . But owing to financial
and resource constraints, the government cannot fund the (j)  numbers of educational institutions.
 Ans: (a) vast/huge; (b) poverty; (c) afford; (d) either; (e) school; (f) students/children; (g) schools/
institutions; (h) universities; (i) students; (j) requisite.
26. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Rubel is (a)  up with his next door neighbours. His bedroom is very close to (b) . Every time
he sits down to study in the evening, there comes the (c)  sound of the television from the house
(d)  door. It seems that the television is kept (e)  the whole evening. It becomes very difficult
for him to (f)  on his studies. In winter he can (g)  it by keeping his window closed but in
summer it gets too hot and (h)  if the window is kept closed. So he is (i)  to put up (j)  the
disturbance from next door.
 n h e i j English 
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 Ans: (a) fed; (b) theirs; (c) blaring; (d) next; (e) on; (f) concentrate; (g) bear; (h) stuffy; (i) compelled;
(j) with.
27. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Most of the Bangladeshi (a)  that our motherland (b)  in the active earthquake zone. Experts
are alarmed by the recurrence of the (c)  in the recent years. But they do not give any direct answer
to the question (d)  the (e)  of the building in Dhaka city. As there is every (f)  of earthquakes
in Bangladesh, experts (g)  for taking adequate precautionary (h)  to reduce the losses. RAJUK
opines that an earthquake (i)  building code should be (j)  to avoid natural disaster.
 Ans: (a) know; (b) lies; (c) quakes; (d) of; (e) safety; (f) possibility; (g) call; (h) measures; (i)
resistant; (j) followed.
28. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
The house hasn't yet shed its festive look, which started with my sister's marriage. Since Auntie's
baby was (a) —, we have had streams of guests (b) — the house. I'm really worried about my (c)
— exams. There's so much noise and (d) — in the house that I can hardly (e) — on my studies.
You can't imagine how (f) — it is to study in a large family. Even I have to share my room (g) —
my younger brothers and sisters and, at times, with my (h) — . I wish I (i) — in a small family.
Tell me (j) — I should do.
 Ans: (a) born; (b) visiting; (c) coming; (d) confusion; (e) concentrate; (f) difficult; (g) with; (h)
cousins; (i) were; (j) what.
29. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
UNICEF (a)  originally for the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. But
now it is the United Nations Children's Fund which (b)  long-term help to children of
developing nations. It (c)  several welfare projects in Bangladesh. It has established numerous
maternity and baby care centres around the country to (d)  the health of babies and childbearing mothers. It has helped Bangladesh get rid of (e)  childhood diseases. It has (f) 
training programmes to create rural health workers. Thus, this organisation has been able to (g) 
infant mortality rates in Bangladesh. Above all, in times of natural disasters, it undertakes (h) 
work to help the distressed people. To (i)  education, UNICEF distributes reading and writing
materials among students, trains teachers and (j)  primary education particularly among girls
 Ans: (a) stood; (b) gives; (c) runs; (d) ensure; (e) contagious; (f) organised; (g) reduce; (h)
humanitarian; (i) facilitate; (j) promotes.
30. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Air and water are two important (a) — of the environment. These elements are (b) — for life on
earth. They are often (c) — in many ways. Air is polluted by (d) — and water by different kinds
of (e) — and filth. If we want to live a (f) — life, we should (g) — the pollution of the
environment. Total prevention may be (h) — but we can certainly (i) — pollution by raising (j) —
among the people.
 Ans: (a) elements; (b) essential; (c) polluted; (d) smoke; (e) waste; (f) healthy; (g) stop; (h)
tough/impossible; (i) reduce; (j) consciousness.
31. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Sports are a popular form of (a) — . Many international (b) — events are organised from time to
time. Most of those events are (c) — by multinational manufacturing companies and business
firms. They (d) — for the sport events in exchange for the right to (e) — their products during
those events. These events are (f) — worldwide by satellite and people all (g) — the world watch
them (h) —. As a result, the sponsors‘ products receive maximum media (i) — thus giving
companies international (j) —.
 Ans: (a) entertainment; (b) sporting; (c) sponsored; (d) pay; (e) advertise; (f) telecast; (g) over; (h)
live; (i) coverage; (j) recognition.
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32. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Jerry, an (a) — of twelve lived in the orphanage. The writer hired a cabin (b) — to the orphanage.
Jerry came to the cabin to (c) — wood for the writer. He also (d) — some extra work for the (e) — of
the writer. Once he (f) — a cubby hole where he (g) — some kindling and medium wood (h) — that
the writer might (i) — dry fire materials ready in (j) — of sudden wet weather.
 Ans: (a) orphan; (b) belonging; (c) chop/cut; (d) did; (e) welfare; (f) dug; (g) kept; (h) so; (i) get;
(j) case.
33. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Introverts and extroverts are two (a) — of people (b) — in the society. An (c) — is quite opposite
to an extrovert. Without (d) — extrovert no one can (e) — life in the country. What we have (f)
— from the (g) — of Sohel and Farid gives us the quality of (h) —. What Farid has done in the
bus (i) — introvert. Fahima is (j) — the extrovert quality.
 Ans: (a) types/kinds/sorts; (b) living/existing; (c) introvert; (d) being/ becoming; (e) lead/enjoy; (f)
learnt/known/seen; (g) stories; (h) introvert; (i) is/shows/implies; (j) of/having/ possessing.
34. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
E-mail has brought about (a) — in modern (b) —. Messages can be transmitted from one country
to another within a few (c) —. It is far cheaper than telephone calls. Trade and commerce has
become greatly (d) — on this speedy mode of communication. It has, (e) —, not reached everyone,
especially in (f) — countries like ours, as most of the people cannot (g) — to have a personal
computer. But (h) — of the people have started (i) — commercially operated e-mail for important
(j) —.
 Ans: (a) revolution; (b) communication; (c) seconds; (d) dependent; (e) however; (f) developing; (g)
afford; (h) most; (i) using; (j) purposes.
35. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
All things that make up the environment are (a) —. The way in which people, animals and plants
are related to each other and to their (b) — is known as (c) —. The ecosystem is a (d) — web that
links animals, plants and every other life (e) — in the biosphere. All these things (f) — together.
The system is in a steady state of (g) —balance which means that by (h) — any one part of the
web, you can affect all the other parts. For example, the (i) — of forests may have serious
ecological (j) — on humans and animals.
 Ans: (a) interrelated; (b) surroundings; (c) ecology; (d) complex; (e) form; (f) hang; (g) dynamic;
(h) altering; (i) destruction; (j) consequences/effect.
36. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
If we (a)  forests and cut (b)  trees, the effects might eventually (c)  us all. If forests (d) 
into deserts, what will (e)  carbon dioxide? The weather pattern (f)  change and the world will
become (g) . This is (h)  the greenhouse effect. As a result of this effect the polar ice-caps will
(i)  and this will cause the flood of (j)  areas of the globe.
 Ans: (a) burn/destroy; (b) down; (c) endanger/harm/affect; (d) turn; (e) absorb/exhaust; (f) will; (g)
warmer; (h) called; (i) melt; (j) coastal/huge/large.
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37. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Man pollutes water, another vital (a) — of the environment by dumping (b) — into it. Farmers (c)
— chemicals washed away by rain and flood (d) — mixed with water in river, canals and pond.
Water is also (e) — by mills and factories when they throw their (f) — chemicals and waste
products into rivers and canals. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and
human waste (g) — them. Insanitary latrines (h) — on river and canal banks are also (i) — for
further pollution. In this way, various (j) — of waste and filth pollute water.
 Ans: (a) element; (b) waste; (c) use; (d) get; (e) polluted; (f) poisonous/toxic; (g) into; (h)
standing/built; (i) responsible; (j) types/ kinds.
38. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
UNICEF is an international (a) —. It runs several welfare (b) — in Bangladesh. It has reduced
infant (c) — rates through raising (d) — about health and (e) —. It has organised (f) —
programmes for (g) — health workers to (h) — health help to the rural (i) —. At present it is
trying to (j) — primary education particularly among girls.
 Ans: (a) organisation; (b) programmes/projects; (c) mortality; (d) awareness; (e) nutrition; (f)
training /several; (g) creating /rural; (h) provide; (i) people; (j) promote/spread.
39. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
Learning a language is (a) — riding a cycle. The most (b) — thing (c) — any language is
communication. You learn to (d) — effectively by using a language, by doing things with it and
by experiencing it. You (e) — learn English in the same (f) — as one learns to ride a cycle. Do
not (g) — if people laugh at you (h) — you make (i) —. You can certainly learn (j) — mistakes.
 Ans: (a) like; (b) important; (c) about; (d) communicate; (e) can; (f) way; (g) worry; (h) when; (i)
mistakes; (j) through.
40. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word in each gap.
The Shatgambuj Mosque is a 15th Century Islamic (a)  situated in the suburbs of Bagerhat, on the
(b)  of the Sundarbans, some 175 km south west of Dhaka. It is an (c)  Mughal architectural
site (d)  a very large area. The Mosque is (e) , in that it has sixty pillars, which (f)  seventy
seven exquisitely (g) — domes that have worn away with the (h)  of time. The mausoleum of the
city's (i)  Khan Jahan Ali can be found nearby. With the (j)  of the mosque as a World
Heritage, it is hoped that this beautiful architectural monument will be preserved from further
decay.
 Ans: (a) edifice; (b) edge; (c) enormous; (d) covering; (e) unique; (f) has; (g) curved; (h) passage;
(i) founder; (j) declaration.
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Question No-06: Rearrange
1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order:(i) Then he invited applications.
(ii) The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one.
(iii) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country.
(iv) Then he found the desired man.
(v) He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector.
(vi) A number of people applied for the job.
(vii) All the applicants blushed and refused except one.
(viii) So, he asked for the wise counselor's advice.
(ix) When they all arrived, the Sultan asked them to dance.
(x)
They came through a passage where gold coins were kept.
Ans
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
iii
v
viii
i
vi
ii
x
ix
vii
iv
2. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in proper sequence:
(i) As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline.
(ii) Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man.
(iii) He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people.
(iv) He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people.
(v) He found Bagerhat beset with many problems.
(vi) His memory will never be sunk into oblivion.
(vii) Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water.
(viii) The scarcity of drinking water is one of them.
(ix) The people of Bagerhat remember him with great respect.
(x) Gora Dighi is one of them.
Ans
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ii
iv
v
viii
i
iii
x
vii
ix
vi
3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order:(i) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato.
(ii) He also wrote books on Biology, Literature, Economics and Comparative Politics.
(iii) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way.
(iv) Aristotle was born in Greece.
(v) His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so.
(vi) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization.
(vii) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity.
(viii) 'Politics' is one of his famous books which exposes fullest development of his wisdom.
(ix) He was the son of a royal physician.
(x) He wanted to be a free thinker.
Ans
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
iv
ix
v
x
i
iii
vi
viii
ii
vii
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4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order:(i) "Please let me go to my country."
(ii) An English boy was making a small boat.
(iii) "I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat."
(iv) He made all arrangements to send him to his country.
(v) Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing.
(vi) Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy.
(vii) "I haven't seen my mother for a long time."
(viii) The boy said, "My country is on the other side of the sea."
(ix) One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the sea shore.
(x) The boy was brought before him and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
ix
v
ii
x
viii
vii
iii
i
vi
iv
5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order:(a) He asked him where God was.
(b) He praised him highly.
(c) Once a lad went to a famous teacher.
(d) The teacher thought highly of the boy's understanding.
(e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where He is not.
(f) The boy devoted himself in earning knowledge.
(g) He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences.
(h) He agreed to teach the lad.
(i) He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge.
(j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
c
i
g
j
a
e
d
b
h
f
6. The sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in proper sequence:(i) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh.
(ii) He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect.
(iii) He was second to none in Bengali Language and Literature.
(iv) Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Porgona. West Bengal in 1885.
(v) He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910.
(vi) He passed the entrance and FA exam in 1904 and 1906.
(vii) He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature.
(viii) He passed Hons. and M.A. in 1910 and 1912.
(ix) He joined Dhaka University as a Lecturer of Bengali in 1921.
(x) He got his Ph.D in 1928.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
iv
vi
v
viii
ix
x
iii
vii
i
ii
7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order:(a) One prize is awarded in each field.
(b) The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction.
(c) Nobel Prize is the world's most important prize.
(d) He is Alfred Bernard Nobel.
(e) Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia.
 n h e i j English 
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(f) Nobel Prizes are awarded every one for outstanding achievements in the field of science,
literature and for promoting world's peace.
(g) The prize is given to persons with most outstanding contribution.
(h) If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally
distributed amongst all the winners.
(i) Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time.
(j) He was born in Stockholm on 21st October, 1833 and he died on 10th December, 1896.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
c
b
d
j
e
f
i
g
a
h
8. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village.
(ii) He never spoke in the rest of his life.
(iii) His name was Nambi.
(iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banayan tree in front
of the temple.
(v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree.
(vi) There was a remote village named Somal.
(vii) One day he could not continue his story.
(viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something.
(ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories.
(x) The villagers were enchanted by a man.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
vi
x
iii
iv
ix
i
v
vii
viii
ii
9. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The crow tried to turn the jar over again and again, but it has no effect.
(ii) At last he found a jar in a garden.
(iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby.
(iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach.
(v) He flew from one place to another in search of water.
(vi) He took some pebbles and dropped them into the jar.
(vii) Then he hit upon a plan.
(viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to have a drink.
(ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank and met up his thirst.
(x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
viii
v
ii
iv
i
iii
vii
vi
x
ix
10. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The blacks were subjected to all sorts of indignities and they were denied all basic human
rights.
(ii) He was thrown behind the prison bars, but the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit.
(iii) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa who struggled against apartheid all
his life.
(iv) Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people.
(v) In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world.
(vi) They were aliens in their own country.
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(vii) It was government policy of racial segregation and the Europeans were separated from the
non-Europeans.
(viii) The blacks were treated cruelly.
(ix) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice.
(x) Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
iii
v
vii
i
vi
viii
x
ix
ii
iv
11. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money.
(ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind.
(iii) He dug a whole in his hut and kept the money there.
(iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work.
(v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, "One thousand rupee is a lot of money."
(vi) Now a thinking took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time.
(vii) He said to him, "Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this
money and remove your distress."
(viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag.
(ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him.
(x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
viii
vii
v
ix
i
iii
vi
x
iv
ii
12. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) He had many wise men in his court.
(ii) Birbal, who was praised by everybody for his presence of mind, was one of them.
(iii) Akbar, an emperor of Delhi, was a great Mughal who was not learned but he had great respect
for the learned.
(iv) Birbal made a list, but he put the emperor's name at the top of the list.
(v) One day the emperor asked Birbal to make a list of the fools living in the country.
(vi) The emperor saw the list and became surprised to see his name at the top.
(vii) Birbal said, "I beg your pardon, your majesty. The other day you gave ten thousand gold
coins to an unknown man to buy you some horses. He may not come back. So, I call you a
fool."
(viii) "I shall drop your name from the list and write his name in your place."
(ix) He called him and asked, "How is it that you call your emperor a fool?"
(x) "If the man comes" said the emperor "What will you do?"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
iii
i
ii
v
iv
vi
ix
vii
x
viii
13. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The fox was very delighted and thought of satisfying his hunger with grapes.
(ii) One day a fox was very hungry and thought of eating something.
(iii) The fox was passing through a jungle and looking about for something to eat.
(iv) He took several jumps upwards, but couldn't get at them.
(v) He went away saying, "Grapes are sour."
(vi) After sometime he came to a vineyard laden with ripe grapes.
(vii) They were hanging high up.
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(viii) The fox stood upon his hind leg, but failed to reach them.
(ix) He found no chicken around there.
(x) He was very tired of hunger.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
ii
iii
ix
vi
i
vii
viii
iv
x
v
14. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The master was very amused.
(ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg folded inside, but the master was
not to be fooled.
(iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one legged duck.
(iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off.
(v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only.
(vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck.
(vii) At that moment the cook looked out of the window.
(viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master.
(ix) The cook replied that his master was right.
(x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
viii
vi
v
x
vii
ii
iv
iii
ix
i
15. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) This dauntless spider climbed the ceiling after some unsuccessful attempts, inspiring Bruce
to shake off the darkness of despair.
(ii) The enemies were defeated and Bruce regained his kingdom.
(iii) The spider failed again and again to succeed, but did not give up hope.
(iv) Once Bruce was lying in the cave and saw a spider trying hard to reach the ceiling.
(v) He gathered an army of strong men and attacked his enemies.
(vi) The king fought bravely but lost the battle.
(vii) Robert Bruce was a famous king.
(viii) He had to flee from his kingdom and took shelter in a remote cave to save his life.
(ix) Enemies invaded his kingdom.
(x) The king was always in a gloomy state for his unhappy condition.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
vii
ix
vi
viii
x
iv
iii
i
v
ii
16. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The roast looked so delicious that the cook could not check his temptation.
(ii) The cook was very stubborn.
(iii) The master was not to be fooled so easily.
(iv) The cook replied that it was a one-legged duck.
(v) Once a cook roasted a duck for his master.
(vi) The master came to have his meal and noticed one of the legs missing.
(vii) So he ate up one of the drumsticks.
(viii) He said that there was no one-legged duck.
(ix) He asserted that this duck had only one leg.
(x) He asked what had happened to the other leg.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
v
i
vii
vi
x
iv
iii
viii
ii
ix
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17. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) It was honest but it was more than honesty.
(ii) Then the authoress wanted to pay him money to repair it.
(iii) It was only then that he agreed to take the money.
(iv) His name was Jerry and he lived at the orphanage.
(v) One day the axe handle broke.
(vi) He said that he would pay for it because he brought the axe down carelessly.
(vii) He refused to take the money.
(viii) But the authoress said that the fault was in the handle of the axe.
(ix) Though he lived in the orphanage, he possessed a great human quality.
(x) That was integrity-a rare human quality.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ans
iv
ix
x
i
v
vi
ii
vii
viii
iii
18. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The last words of the speech are: "Government of the people, by the people, for the people
shall not perish from the earth."
(ii) Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America.
(iii) He was going there to speak at a meeting.
(iv) On the 10th November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg.
(v) It is one of the finest and the shortest speeches in the English language.
(vi) On the envelope, it was what he was going to say at the meeting.
(vii) These words tell us what the best possible way of ruling a country is.
(viii) In the train, he was busy writing something.
(ix) In fact, the speech on the envelope is now famous as "Gettysburg Address".
(x) He was not writing on a paper, but on the back of an envelope.
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19. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) He uses his computer to carry out research work as well as deliver lectures.
(ii) As a scientist his reputation soared higher and higher.
(iii) As a result, he gradually started losing control over the muscles of his body.
(iv) He was born in an educated family in 1942.
(v) Now he is confined to the wheel chair with no power to control his body except for some
limited movement of his head and hands only.
(vi) Stephen is still a relentless worker.
(vii) Stephen Hawking is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein.
(viii) But fate followed with less rewarding things.
(ix) But such a tremendous physical handicap could not slow him down.
(x) Stephen became a victim of Gehrig's disease.
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20. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India.
(ii) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali.
(iii) He returned home without any qualifications of distinction.
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(iv) He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality.
(v) Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 in a respectable family at Jorasako in Kolkata.
(vi) At the age of seventeen, in 1878 he reached London to attend school.
(vii) He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight.
(viii) The experience had a lasting effect on his later life.
(ix) However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry.
(x) He gathered much experience from his stay in London.
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21. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The grocer sent his son with the fruit-seller.
(ii) ―Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and weights,‖ said the fruit-seller.
(iii) Then one day, the fruit-seller said to the grocer, ―I am going to the town to do some
shopping. Please send your son with me to carry my things.‖
(iv) ―You liar, how can a crow carry away such a big boy?‖the grocer shouted angrily.
(v) After a few days, when the fruit-seller asked the grocer to return his balance and weights, the
grocer said, ―The mice ate away your balance and weights. So I can‘t return them.‖
(vi) The next day the fruit-seller came back alone from the town.
(vii) One day, a grocer borrowed a balance and weights from a fruit-seller.
(viii) ―Where is my son?‖ asked the grocer.
(ix) The lame excuse of the dishonest grocer made the fruit-seller very angry.
(x) ―A crow carried your son away,‖ replied the fruit-seller.
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22. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Then he joined the training programme of NHC.
(ii) Poverty forced him to look for works.
(iii) He was an unemployed youth of an impoverished family.
(iv) Belal is now an affluent man.
(v) He worked as a labourer.
(vi) He is now very happy to be a self-sufficient man.
(vii) Through hard work he has managed to turn the wheels of fortune.
(viii) He applied his new and improved knowledge to cultivate vegetables.
(ix) He studied up to class eight.
(x) Belal first received training in vegetable cultivation.
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23. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Ayesha Begum and her husband had nothing to support themselves.
(ii) Her husband was a landless farmer.
(iii) He used to work on other people‘s land.
(iv) Their sons grew up and started to work with their father in their village.
(v) In the town they began to earn well.
(vi) At first they used to send money to their parents.
(vii) But after getting married they could not send money to them.
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(viii) Ayesha Begum had three sons and two daughters.
(ix) So, they had to pass their days through much hardship.
(x) One day the sons came to the town to earn more money.
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24. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Similar is the case with the Christmas presents of Jim and Della.
(ii) But it was an irony of fate that their presents became useless.
(iii) The Magi were the three wisemen of the East.
(iv) Out of their true love, they had sacrificed their dearest possessions in order to buy Christmas
present.
(v) They brought gift to the infant Jesus.
(vi) Della sold her beautiful hair to buy a platinum fob chain for her husband's gold watch.
(vii) They introduced the custom of giving Christmas presents.
(viii) Jim, on the other hand, sold his gold watch to buy a set of beautiful combs for his wife.
(ix) Being wise their gifts were, no doubt, wise and these proved their love and respect for the
baby in manger.
(x) They were led by a star to the stable of Bethelhem where Jesus was born.
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25. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Socrates joined them in their laughter.
(ii) One day the woman became more furious than ever.
(iii) She began to insult the great scholar of Greece.
(iv) He quietly remarked, "I was expecting this. I know that after thunder comes rain."
(v) The wife found that her husband was not paying the least heed to her word.
(vi) She went up to him with a bucket full of water and poured much water on him.
(vii) Socrates went outside.
(viii) He sat on the doorstep of his residence looking out on the street.
(ix) Socrates had a wife who used to lose her temper on the slightest excuse.
(x) The passers-by in the street were much amused at the incident.
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26. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The authority sent an under aged boy named Jerry.
(ii) The writer had been trying hard to put a finish to an extremely difficult literary work.
(iii) Finding no other way, she requested the orphanage authority to send someone to the cabin,
who could chop well.
(iv) Jerry looked so small in size that the writer felt hesitated to appoint him for doing a heavy job
like chopping.
(v) So she unwillingly appointed him to see what he could do.
(vi) For this purpose she badly needed a very lonely place.
(vii) This situation caused her to look for fire-wood which was available there but not ready for
fire.
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(viii) With this end in view she hired a cabin which belonged to an orphanage on the Carolina
mountains.
(ix) But the boy insisted on his doing the job.
(x) It was a very cold place.
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27. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Alexander was pleased with Porus for his bold reply.
(ii) But unfortunately he was defeated in a battle.
(iii) Alexander, the king of Macedon, crossed the Khiyber Pass and reached India.
(iv) Then he came to the plain of the Punjab.
(v) 'Like a king,' was the reply of Porus.
(vi) He also made him king of another province in the Punjab.
(vii) There ruled a king called Porus who came forward with his men and arms in order to defend
his land from the attack of Alexander.
(viii) Then he was taken prisoner and brought before Alexander.
(ix) He allowed him to rule his country as before.
(x) Alexander asked him how he would like to be treated.
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28. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The man was asking him to get down and listen to him.
(ii) Suddenly he saw a man calling him from below.
(iii) Hojja immediately replied, "Why did you make me climb all the way down the stairs to ask
for money? Couldn't you see that I was working?‖
(iv) When he came down, the man said that he was a beggar and wanted some money.
(v) Hojja became furious and decided to teach him a lesson.
(vi) One day Nasiruddin Hojja was mending a hole on the roof of his two-storied house.
(vii) So, he told the man to climb up the stairs with him.
(viii) Being curious, he climbed down from the roof and went down the stairs.
(ix) When both got to the rooftop where he was previously working, Hojja turned towards the man
and said, ―Sorry, I have no money, so you have to leave.‖
(x) The beggar was very surprised and asked why Hojja had made him climb up the stairs to say he
had no money.
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29. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) They came out of home and started walking.
(ii) There was a mango tree near the spot.
(iii) A young monkey and a puppy started living in the same house.
(iv) While they were going through a village, a big dog came to attack them.
(v) At that time, both of them were two months old.
(vi) The monkey started to attack the big dog by throwing mangoes from the tree.
(vii) One day, everything around them was quiet and calm.
(viii) The big dog fled away and the puppy was saved.
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(ix) Ripe mangoes were hanging from the branches of the tree.
(x) They promised to each other that they would help each other at any cost in time of danger.
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30. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Once there was a king who was fond of knowing his future from the astrologer.
(ii) The king called him to the palace.
(iii) At this the king got furious and condemned him to death.
(iv) A good astrologer visited the capital of the king.
(v) With ready wit he said, ―The stars declare that I‘ll die only a week before your death!‖ ―I shall
wait to receive your majesty where you have been sending me.‖
(vi) But another thought crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for execution.
(vii) The king then asked, ―How long would you live?‖
(viii) The astrologer told something very unpleasant.
(ix) At this the king turned pale.
(x) ―Drive this wretch away and let him not come again‖, shouted the king.
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31. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The lion was relieved of his pain.
(ii) To escape torture, one day he fled from his master‘s house.
(iii) Coming near the lion, he took the lion‘s paw in his hand and removed a big thorn from it.
(iv) He used to inflict heavy torture on him.
(v) Once he was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man in another country.
(vi) The lion seemed to be wounded as he was groaning.
(vii) He took shelter in a cave that belonged to a lion.
(viii) In the evening the lion entered the cave.
(ix) The man was very rude and cruel.
(x) There lived a young man named Androcles.
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32. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Once while lying in the cave, he saw a spider trying hard to reach the ceiling of the cave.
(ii) But it did not give up hope.
(iii) The spider failed again and again to succeed.
(iv) Bruce saw the spider climbing to the ceiling after some unsuccessful attempts.
(v) He gathered an army of strong men and attacked his enemies and regained his kingdom.
(vi) This dauntless spider inspired Bruce to shake off the darkness of despair.
(vii) The king fought bravely but lost the battle.
(viii) Once enemies invaded the kingdom of Robert Bruce.
(ix) Fleeing from his kingdom, he took shelter in a remote cave.
(x) The king was always in a gloomy state for his unhappy condition.
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33. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The crow realised his fault and promised he would never be false or over-ambitious.
(ii) So he made up his mind to go to the peacocks and live with them.
(iii) The crows are ugly to look at and so they are unhappy.
(iv) When he returned to the crows, they also drove him away.
(v) He looked at himself and became glad and proud because he was no longer ugly like other
crows.
(vi) They attacked him, pulled out the feathers and drove him away.
(vii) Seeing him, the peacocks understood that he was a crow in the guise of a peacock.
(viii) The crow found some beautiful feathers of a peacock in a jungle.
(ix) He took the feathers one by one and struck them among his own feathers.
(x) Once a crow got a chance to be beautiful.
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34. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) He bought a cat to kill the mice.
(ii) They were doing a lot of mischief there.
(iii) There lived a number of mice in an old house.
(iv) All the mice thanked the young mouse for his plan.
(v) Several proposals were made but none of the proposals was good.
(vi) The master of the house was very annoyed and made a plan to get rid of them.
(vii) The mice were in great difficulty because they could not move freely as before.
(viii) They held a meeting to discuss the matter and find a way to be free from this danger.
(ix) At last a young mouse rose to speak and said, ―I have a good plan for your consideration. Let
us tie a bell round the cat‘s neck. Then we will hear him coming and be able to hide
ourselves in time.‖
(x) But an old mouse stood up and said, ―No doubt the idea is good. But who will tie the bell?‖
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35. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The blacks were subjected to all sorts of indignities and hence they were treated cruelly.
(ii) But the oppressive rulers could not break spirit.
(iii) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa.
(iv) All his life he struggled against apartheid.
(v) It was government policy of racial segregation.
(vi) He was thrown behind the prison bars.
(vii) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice.
(viii) They were denied all basic human rights.
(ix) The Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans.
(x) Even dogs received a much better treatment than the blacks.
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36. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) So some frogs made their home in the pond.
(ii) One day some boys were going by the side of the pond.
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(iii) Finding the playful frogs in the pond, they began to throw stones into the pond for fun.
(iv) There was a little pond in a village.
(v) Many of them were hurt very seriously and killed.
(vi) It was not so deep and its water was not clean and pure.
(vii) They were living there very happily.
(viii) The villagers did not bathe there and drink its water.
(ix) The stones hit the frogs one by one.
(x) An old man saw it and forbade the boys to kill them.
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37. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) While it was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic a huge ice berg was spotted very
close to the ship.
(ii) It was on April 10, 1912.
(iii) It was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891.
(iv) The Titanic was sailing for New York from Southampton.
(v) Four days after setting out, a great disaster happened.
(vi) The captain went down to see what had happened.
(vii) So, the captain realised to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly.
(viii) Five of the Ship‘s sixteen water tight compartments were totally damaged by the collision.
(ix) Suddenly there was a slight trembling sound from below.
(x) The great ship turned sharply to avoid a collision.
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38. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) The lion laughed and said, ―O you! Are you suitable to help me?‖
(ii) The lion also said, ―You are small in size but really worthy.‖
(iii) ―Many thanks to you. You have saved my life,‖ said the lion.
(iv) The lion caught the mouse and it began to tremble with fear.
(v) Once a lion was sleeping in a cave.
(vi) Listening to this, the mouse came swiftly and found the lion in a trap.
(vii) At that time, a mouse fell upon its body while playing.
(viii) After some days the lion fell into a trap and was crying loudly for help.
(ix) The mouse remembered his promise and cut the net into pieces and let the lion come out.
(x) The mouse said, ―Let me go now; sooner or later, I may help you.‖
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39. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) Patients used to come to him from far and near for treatment and he treated them in their
illness.
(ii) Then, he prided himself on his success.
(iii) Some of his patients were cured.
(iv) Once, there lived a shrewd barber in a village.
(v) He would operate boils with his razor.
(vi) The barber pretended to know all about diseases and their cures.
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(vii) He was more than a mere barber but a false doctor.
(viii) To him, cutting boils was as simple as shaving beard.
(ix) In pain and agony, the patient would cry aloud.
(x) He was a specialist in treating boils.
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40. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.
(i) His friends and disciples could not bear the sight.
(ii) The cup contained hemlock, a deadly poison.
(iii) At last, the hour of departure had arrived and Socrates met his friends and disciples for the last
time.
(iv) They burst into tears and cried loudly like children.
(v) He asked them to let him die in peace.
(vi) At sunset, the Governor of the prison came.
(vii) Then there came a man with a cup in hand.
(viii) He argued with them about the immortality of the soul.
(ix) He told them that the soul of man cannot die.
(x) Socrates took the cup in his hand, said his prayer and drank the hemlock without any
hesitation.
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THE END
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