Chong 1:Diod:
Chatban dan
I
~than
-
12
12
1
12
-
loci
11
(Al)
->
ton tai
towhom
5
pha tap
(P)
->
you raie ti do
↑
con lai tanto whom 4
-
:N
-
u
=
↓
tie
+g
Diode
I
to
can
1
Gon
-
ban dan
2
Anocle
&
Cathode
u
Uk
UA
2.
nottie
ship
P. N
Uk:Forward biased
con)
-UA <UK:Reverse biased
(off)
(>
-
lotrong
3
PX pha tap nto whom
Diode Si; (p
-
=
0.6-0,7-noi(/p=0
=
Car baimach:
↓
a)
Mach ghim:
-
rang: han de bien o whatdirk:
Baogan:mach glim trin/di norie
-
Chue
↑
-
(Ant
Rai)
(A11
Rai)
&
....
"
In
2.1.
Mach shim tren
song song
nt:
I
Rai
Ura
Wixo
E
-
-
Taco:(v)E:Diode
Khoa
My CE:Diod thing
->
->
Lr=E
(Ir Uy
=
I
-U
E
- - - - - - - - -
linax-------
x(r(V)
Bi chan
↑
E
-
catth
-
L
--
Clymax
f
"
!
E
- - - -
lymax Uy(X
Irmax
S
I
-
de
E
liw trin
Bicatagon -> ghim tren
~UR
+
-
1 phue I dong/am,
I----max
Ilmas-----I
->
1
-
-
L
·
- -
Irmax------
+
Mach ghim donot tie
2.2
↑
Rai
Ura
Wixo
E4
-
1x<
E:diode
Hy
E:"
<
thong=>
Khoo=>
Up Ly
=
Ur= E
-
-U
Ilmas---I
-
Il
-
+
-
Hinax--
-
-
-
-
-
↑ Ur
u
I
"max
E
- - - - - - - - -
Ul
- -
Hinax
.
- - -
.
(V
cat dci
E
a
-
2.3
Mach him
Hy max
E
2x (V)
uxmax
trin II
Ra
Ura
Wixo
E
-
-
E:diode
1x
>
H,
<E:
2.4Mach
thing:(r E
=
know:Ur Hy
=
ghim did I
Ra
Ura
uiao
E
-
-
(v) E:diode
H,
<E:
11
khok:Ur (y
=
thong:Ur
=
E
.
-
.
.
+
stay-ghim daor
It
·
Nei
cho
Ez
vo Ecam
Xet
dieng=)
Consider:
in
was
Dr
Er
S
2
L
Da
Lv> E)
Ura
Ec:D, is forward biased,
-
En> (y)
Ez
E2
D2
D.,
:
is
,
-
dx
>-Ec>
Er
Cr
is
reverse
Ly
=
Un
New
Up 0:
Apply
Kirchoff's
Apply
-
Y
2)
-
Clv
=
=
Er
+
=
Kirchoff's
loop 1:
En 0
+
Clv Lon
2)
Ez
-
voltage law to
1y+Lp,
-
bias, DC is forward biased
=
=>
·
biased
byas
reverse
=)
Dr
!
reverse
Ur=Es
=)
-
DC is
voltage law to loop 2:
Up
Ec 0
-
=
-Lon
Er
-
Consider:
(v
E,+Hp) -Ez-HD2: D, is forward biased,
>
En
+4b)
LIy)-Ez-Up:D.,
-
Ec-Lpc) LIy.Dn
reverse
biased
Ur=Es+ vDn
=)
E,+Hon)
DC is
D2
is
bias
reverse
=)
Ur
is
reverse
Ly
=
bias, DC is formard biased
Un =-Ez-4D-
=>
·
Nei doi cho
mach thay
=)
De
Du
Ura
Wixo
Er
.
Dz:
Ec:D, is reverse biased,
Ez
=)
-
-
Lv> E,>
De
diet
En> (y)
Ez
:
D,
D.,
=)
En
>
-Ec>
Mv:Dn
is
forward biases
Ur Ez
=
is
Cr
reverse
bias
Ly
=
formardbias, DC is reverse biased
Un=Ee
=>
D2 is
b)
Mach
chink him:(Rectifier)
ap xay chien->I chien:
rang:b'dien
Mach chick lien nc chu
Bao goin:
ki
"2 nia cher
big
-chic
-
19
11
U
chinch
2.5
Mach
can
[S
nice
law
S
his: I half-wave
cher
D
rectifier (
⑧
Uz
HA
Ur
R
⑧
ap may b'ap:
Dien
(
n
UI. h
4 N.
=
gtr;hie Clung
i
=
Ne
S
lIetmach:
-
long:Diode thing:Ur=
+Niachu his
C
~
I
11
~
1.
a m :Dioce
.
hoo:Ur 0
(V
↑
~u(X)
II
↑ 3
Hinax----
I
=
max------
↑
(s)
+
3 15)
+
- - -
-
Cra+b=0.45
)
(Ur=(2)
=
Ilmas------
-
(,
Imax
1
(12
Hd 0.318 U2
=
e
C them tw 2:
D
⑧
HA
Uz
Ur
R
Chit
Ura:
Do tu
mach "linwhank,
xing chic"
lam
⑧
~
(V
-U C x)
Imas------
II
↑
-
Hinax------
-
+ Is>
M
- -
max
N
-
↑
3 15)
+
-
Imax
Much
2.6.
chick bi Znnr cher bi:(Full-wave
rectifier (
Dr
⑧
Uc
HA
Ur
R
U22
De
⑧
Nor
I
12
Nez
=
=
Ln.
=
=
3
(21
2122
=
=He
2
N2
N1
H.
~
He
la
fri
9.
hi
dung;Ha, Uzz
3
-
Hinax------
mach:nic chukictai:Hen 70:
Sam:
u(V)
De
Hez
30:
thing
I
-
40 Hae
=
(r (z2
=
=
Un(V)
Irmas------
Ilmas------
↑
I
Khi
Kha
Do
3
3
Khoo
20:De
1s)
-
thong
He
~
Hinax------
+
1
(s)
U.2 CO:Do
-
to circk
whing uga pha
+
linax-------
~
bien
Ilmas------
↑
Net
gtr;
~wer(Y)
We(V)
Ilmas------
-
lo
-
3
(s)
+
-
to
them
C
is
W
Imax
n
I
+ (S)
Ice 0.636 U2
=
-
~u(V)
U
IM
urms
-
---M 1
I
w
w
I
Imax------
-
>t
(S)
2.7Mach
can:
him
(Bridge
chink
rectifier)
⑧
De
D
Uz
HA
C
is
-
t
R
is
D
-
D2
⑧
Cr.
His
=
*
He
CL.
ea
gtri hier dung
Net much:
3
cin:
Di De Khe II
Nia' chu by
chiding:Dr. Do thong
Da.
12
17
~
Du
u(V)
linax-------
Khi
+b
to
them
C
is
I
Un(V)
Unmas------
-
Cra
H2
in
~
Ilmas------
-
Ur=
Kha
es
-
b
Imax------
w
-
(Cth):Uryb 0.9 (12
=
~u(V)
U
I
I w
+
3
(s)
+
Chong 2:Transistor
Phan loaitcan tao:
I
C
E
L
B
B
-
I
E
C
Transistor
n
Transistor
pup
HE) UB) Hc
-
tao:
uph
Uc>
(B) LE
He
transistor
E:Emitter
Can
C:Collector
B:
-
Base
EC)B
Do
pha tap:
-
Tiepgiap:B-E:JE
I
-
B3 -2:
JB
3
=)
lam ve
Khicch dai:IE phin air
"cato.
&
~
De
lam ve:dic
trans
dien
-
I:Mrbien
he
ap
c bin can die ein
car
give
dong,
hi
c
dai
IB Ic
E= =
=
E
=Ex
=
IB
E IE B.
(B
Ic
=
1). IB
+
=
II
trans
+
=
B
=)
ngure
trugin ta
:kucch
1u
IE
si
/
Cach mar
E
2
B
B
Ur
Ur
-
-
Cy
-
Cy
2
E
-
-
Mac
I it
I bong
Man
Echemg
(gap 3
chem
gaps
C
-
n
tai tink:
each man, se o
thy
LICE Ec- IE.Ro
=
hoar
phtrinh whan:
=
LCE Ea-Ic.Re
=
CHCE:Ec. IE -(Ra+RE);UcE In
=
-
Ic(Rc
&
1)
Jo
-
than
+RE))
FE/Imax
*
CIEmax:Ec (
E
IEmax:
①
IEIIc
[IE.)
-------
,
S
I
I
LICE
LICE
max
(LIE
=
0)
I
cmax=E a
Y
Re
Q:Diei tam x) diein
·
Q
tac
wore re
I
Qnam give ogtotink:
Ne
·
EI
cong
IIE 1 LICEmax=
E
=
2
Ic 1
Ic
=
max
2
1IE
IE
=
max
Phiony phap phan a transistor:
Y.
S
4
-
phy
phap:
-Base
tong
Dinh
-
c bang
Phan
I
plain
howdong
(phain
Emitter
Dinkap basein planbang
D
->
·
many dong i ctich)
Chly:Khao eat
kienthis
so
vo
transistor
ban
⑧
⑧
VB
VA
VAB YA
-
=
VB
=
-
VBA
We
VA
I
YA
-
=
R
VB
-
die
ap
YAB
R
/
co
dien (
>
dicein
uph
I
long thephir up:
Ru
Re
⑧
Y
VA
VB
Ve
YA.R2
=
Vc. R
+
Rn
Re
+
B =
a
R+ R2
2
(VB -Ve)(R
=>
2:)
+
R2)
=
(VA-Ve). R2
Ys (R1dR2) -Ve(R1tR2) Va.Re-Va. Re
=
ES
V
E)
VB
RefR2) VA.Rz
(
=
Vx.
=
Re+
Ve. Re
Re R2
+
+
ve. Re
a)
Phuong phap
-
clink
dong Base:
kndo sat ogdi
dong dien:
E2
RB
Xet (1):
-
Ec IB. RB UBE
IE.REmaIE IB
+
+
=
=
T
B
=-
IB
=)
RB +LIBE
-
Ec
=
+
>
IB (+ 1). RE
+
C13
B
"BE
LIBE
-
-
(B+ 1) RE
RB
E (9
((3 1)
-
+
Ic BIB
=>
I
LICE
E
(2]
RE
=
IE
Vos
-
~
1) IB
+
=
bang
Si
law
trans
UBE
thi
0.6X
=
(its
"Crathi HBF=0.3V
Net (23:
LIE
Ec
-
otytorink:
Phtrinh
->
IE. RF
+
=
LICE Ec
IE. RF
-
=
-
So thiscophtrinh
S
detim Q.
ogtairink
le
->
ditairich
VD:
E2
RB
C
>B
Ly
-
I og oti
let
Ec
Yet (1:
I
-
B.
:
RE
(3
9
+LIBE
+IE. Re
LBE
+IB(+1). Re
+
b)
o'ctac Q
Tim
II=(B 1) IB
ma
+
IB. 150.10 +0.6 IB. (99+1). 2,7x 103
+
=
2.18-5 (A)
=
Ic BIB
=
-
1 =
Ec
ta rich
much:
↑
=
=
Vtphytrinh ig
a)
&
entry
Re
2.7kR
Rc
&
Ec IB. Re
=>
=>
TI
C
Is
()IB
Xet(e)
99
B=
150kl
Re
Cra
dong
-
E
9X
=
LIBE:0.6 V
E
I
I
Ec
-
99.2.185 1,98.10 (A)
=
(B 1) I
+
=
LIcE
=
+
=
100.
=
2.185
2. 103 (As
=
IE. Re
phytrinh oitaitink
UCF 9- IE. 2,7.18-3
=
b>
IE
-
A
3,3 x10
max:
-
IF 2.18
=
⑧
Q
....
LICEmax
E Iti
IEmax:
=
9X
=
E xs
Y
1
UCE 3.6
Ec
=
UcEnax 9
=
=
=
3,3.10-(A)
br
Phuong phap phim in
b)
kndo sat
-
o di
doing ctien(
Emitter (Phan his
any
dien:
&
dong
-
Ec IB. RB UBE
+
T
B
IB
RB +LIBE
-
Ec
=
IB (+ 1). RE
+
-
li
(1)
LIBE
-
-
+
Ic BIB
=>
C
I
El
(2]
X
(B+ 1) RE
RB
E (9
>
E2
CE
7
=
=
=-
B
IE.REmaIE IB ((3 1)
+
+
=)
Ra
RB
Xet (1):
-
I
1
RE
=
IE
Vos
~
1) IB
bang
Si
law
trans
UBE
thi
0.6X
=
(its
"Crathi HBE:0.3V
Net (23:
Ec
Ic. Ra
LIE
+
=
(ma Ic
IE.RE
+
UE Ec
[
-
=
UCE Ec
-
=
Saw bhico
ptrg=>
mr-
IE)
11
>BE
=
I
11
X
Phytrinh dtrng tairirh:
-)
-
+
=
Ic.(Ra+RE)
(Dau ra! ()n
IE. 1R+RE)
ve tim Q:
ra Eb
(Dai
The
The
RE
VD :
a)
LBE 0.6X
b) Tim t' ctac Q:
=
mr-
RB
Ux
=
EI
<
II
B3
Ur
11
phy trink oftoi tink
Ec 12X
V
100
=
Rc 1kR
=
200k -
RB
=
2KR
RE
=
Net ():
IBRB
Ec
=)
=>
Ec
1B
E
+
IBx (100 1) 2 10
0.6
+
-
x
2,8 185(A)
-
=>
+
=
+
+
x
=
IE IB (B 1)
ma
IB. (100 1) RE
LBE+
+
IBx200 10
12
=>)
IB RB
=
UBE+IE.RE
+
=
x
=
BIB 100 2.8 185
Ic
=
=
+
=
x
+
10
x
=
(B 1) IB (100 1) 2.8
IB
-
2.8
x
x
=
x
3(A)
2.83 x10- (A)
10-5
=
Xet 22):
Ec
IcRc
+
=
IE. REma IcIE
LIcE
+
Phy trich trong tosinh:
>
-
=>
2
UCE Ec
-
=
IS
LICE 12-Ic( 1x103
Ic 2.8 x10-3
=
103)
2 x
+
=
-
I max= 40"
Ic(Rc+RE)
A
-
--
·
-
Q
E
IB 2.8 x10
-
5
UcE
max
A
=
Ic max
Ic 2.86 x 10-5 A
=
LICE
3.48X
V
LICE 3.48
=
LICEmax
12 V
=
Ec
>
12
=
4 10- (A)
12
=
Rc + RE
=
I
Ec
=
x
=
=
(2 1) 103
+
x
c)
Dink
up base (phil cic
:Dong
->
bang dien ap c'dink
phic tap
mach
Chargin
Ea
-> Khao
-
Rth
IBC
-
)I
sat
adi
Eth= (De
R2
e
LICE
2
mi
En
-
oti
2
Net
RE
-
-
Eth
(As dung Kirchoff's voltage laws
1:
Young
IB. Rth+LIBE
+
IB. Rth +
2)
Eth=
)
Eth=IB. Rth
IB
Is
IE.RE 0
+
=
(maIE (01)IB)
LBE+FE.RE
LBE
+
=
4 1)IB. RE
+
+
Eth-LIBE
=
Rth
-E
(B 1) RE
+
+
Vet 2:
IE. RE (Ic = IE)
oftaitinh:
Ec Ic. Rc
=
Phy trich
=)
+
NICE
+
E E =IE +Re RE auratethe
VD:
ux
11
Ta
=
Ec 22 X
Ur
=
RE 1.5k
=
R1 39K
=
=
Ap dung thic phain cp:
Etk Ec. Re
22 3.9
Ec
E-EI e
3.9k2
Rc
-
11
140
=
Rc 10KR
charginmach
-
Q.
HBE=0.7 V
B
~
ux
Tim
=
x
x
=
=
Re
Hi
=>
IIRe
39 18"
Re. R2
Rth
=
vong 1, up clung
E)
x
39 x
3.9
10 +
x
Kirchoff's
+
IBRB +LIBE
Eth=IBRB
+
UBE
B*3510
I
-)
=
Eth
2
10
3.9
x
=
↑
-
2
+
R+R2
Net
=
39 x10 3.9+ 183
R1 + Re
Ur
10
x
E IE
Ic 148 6.05
+IERE
0
=
(IF (9+ 1). In)
+FERE
=
0.7
+
+
+
=
141
=
(140 1) x IB x1.5 18
+
+
x
8.47 10-4
10 =
x
6.05 188 8.55
+
+
(
102
voltage law:
=
:)
3.5 x 103
-
=
-
18
x
4
Net
C:
IcRc
Ec
+
=
a
UCE Ec
+
totinh:
Phy trick trong
=>
IE. REma IcIIE
LIcE
>
-
-
=
Ic(Rc+RE)
LICE 22-Ic (10x103 1.5x103)
IS
+
=
a
Ismax 1.9x 10-A-
UCE
=
-max
Fee or
=1.9 10
22
x
1.5x -
Ic 8.47x10-
a
=
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
UcE 20. FILIEmax= 22V
=
d)
Phuong phap
planthattied tellector:
Khao sat
-
Yet 1:
+UBEIERE
=
mac I 1)
=
=
t
In
-
Ec (I+ Ic).Re+IBRB
Ec IB.Rc
Ec
is
BIBRc+ IBRi+LBE
+
+(+1)IBRE Ro
Ec
Uc
2
C
El
u
LIBE
( 1)(R +RE)
+
-[EE
-
C
Ra
B
I=
-
I
-
RB
+
C
-
E
IE
RE
-
#.
khich dai:
a) Mach "dai EC:
kick dai
Chere
dien,
Car mach
are
-
11
=
11
:
dang
-
stien ap
&
plaic tick up
La
much
co
da
ro (
-
-
ngepha Ilvac
Ura
-
-
Hi s khich dai
dien ap:
kn
Rc /IR+
=
B
-
Riguon
khich
Hi so
-
base
Ux
dai
&
Ki
Rx
ding dien
Rc 11R+
B
-
=
+
Ur
Rt
Mach
b)
khich dai CL
ding dien nhimg:
khich dai
-
&
khich dat
fien ap
S
2
ux
C
IfLa mach.Plan
-Uracing pha Liao
-
Balede
de
dien ap:
He so khich sai
-
-
ku:
(B 1)
+
-
REIIR+= 1
Rug
-
He
2:Ngan
ring
th
dong 1 di qua
C2
tri.RE"che
CE:day"
oto xoay
+
Rx
sowhicha consciente
Chic
Ill
Ra
Re
[I
Ux
a
11
R2
-
(I
Ur
⑧
Cr
Rug
22
Rt
CE
Ur
3:IC
Chong
I Givi
khich
dai thattoxin:
chung:
this
io ban
cia
mach IC:
1) Gao
↑
·
+
Cluco
Up
Ec
P
>
0
nguon cung cap
I Ec:
*
Io
Iran
T
M
40
⑧
NY
⑧
vo dao
Ivo noi is cuo H):ctai
-
X
CIN
·
Hra
Ec
-
-
nor is win:dau vu
Ura
C0
*
Up
=
IC
New
"Tat
LIvo
trugen Ura,
sink
+
Goi
2
-
og:
=
a
Io
0
=
ra
Fc
+
Ur max
dao
vo
Dai
·
+
ly'tring:(10 0;
Di vo ooo
voc tao
Dau
+
Uy
HN
-
e
>
dao
nguoc pha IIvao
->
+) Das
cing pha LIvo
->
Ivie
Uly
Bo hoa
Khao sattren 3 doan:
Uvo
chi tobe ha
ngang:
Lotoan
-
1 Ural=
-
1 1
Ecl
Iramax=
in
thetocheck
Idoan do:
tie
Dai vo
dao
-
-
Ec
Un max
IUral Uramax II Ecl
#Ican loai
2. 1.
Mach
~
-
↑
-Up-Un
ma diode
ma
-)
R2
mach:
kuch dasdao (inverting amplifier)
>
=
L10
Cy
In
7
=
=
-
Io
P
--
0
-
l'ty =) Io 0
Nnordat=) (n
in
a 52
M
R
40
0
⑧
·t
4p 0
Ec
=
·+
KCLat p
Apply
10 Ic
I
In
+
=
byig:Io
diode
ma
=)
2=)
T 1 I2
=
-
Re
=)
p
0
-
I
Re
=>
Ura
·I
R2
=
LIvo
0
4p-Ura
I vao-LIp
=
Ma
=
VD:R
IUbh (Urmax)
a)
Bieci this
b)
(1x
=
2
=
=
12
=
Ur:(n
sim(wt)
(V)
=
=)
Y:
5Ly
Ura=- 10 sin(wt)
a X
10
-
Hra
-
-
R2
-
R2 5kR
1K;
=
------
Re. Lvo
-
C
10
---
1
=>
Ur=-20
a X
use
-
-
1------
=
------
-
12
-20
Hra
3
---
11 :4 ein (WH)
28
I vo
--
---
---
3
sin
(wt)
V
2.2
khich dai o odo:(noninverting amplifier)
Mach
E
=0
10
(Ip -((N 0
2=)
=
Lp Uvo
·+ Ec
=
=>
HN Lvo
CI
=
In
7
N
un
·
-
M
R
Apply
P:
KCLat
P
( +Ic
O-4p
=)
Up
=
ES
-
R2
Hao-Ura
↳
Liao
=
2.3
(1
LIra
=
22)
(inverting summing amplifier)
MachCongoao-LN
e
0
=
=
4
UN 0
=
KCL
atP:
[text...
I
In:Io+It
+
I
=)
In+ Ic+...+In:Int
Is
Un-Up
H2-Up
R2
I
Re
Rut
E
Ien
Rut
long
Uo 0
=
e
Er
Up
Nettai N:
(N
-
UM
0
=
4p Re. Ur
=)
·Fr
Re. Ur
=
Re
P
>
-
M
mu
40
NY
t
⑧
·+
Meetingthe
[Ie
+
In
-I3
In
> Ra
Es
c)
Ur
R
I
-
Re
-
2
R
...
⑧
Fr
P
3
0
I,+...+In
+
=
A4 0
Ap+blt...+
=
R
It" t 3
Up
t
un
M
N
Io
-Ec
Io
0
-
In=
+
-
Ilvac
P:
+
Ec
t
·
In
Ec
-
No
=0
In
=>
·
-
uz
0
-
at
Ent...
Ec
R3
Rr
un
R1 R2
KCL
in
⑧
+
Apply
E
Io
0
-
=
+
·
-
khong do (noninverting summing amplifier (
=
-
Int
Cr
Rut
Up 0
"r--mut it...
Much
Up
=
...
2)
2.4
-
-
=
Ru
+ At
=]
C
Un-Up
+...
+
Re
ma
Ec
2
A
u
Apply
I
-
-
Uco
+
T
E
..
"Bu
Re
Re
[S
-
Ura
-
Re
In I
-.
⑧
I
-
Ec
R2
R
R
Ret
=)
Ue
=)
Ura=1.
R2
U2+...
+
+
Um
w.
=
Re. Cra
R+R2
n
2R Ru).
+
(He
Ue+...+Ca
+
[
E)
1 MrtR2.
Ura=
E Hi
Mach tru: (differential amplifier)
2.5
E
Xaa
OFs
Up
=
UN=0
-
(IN=Up xall
=)
Cr
Uz
HN
I
In
I
-
Ec
7
2bRb
Cb RD
(Cz
(N)
UN-Hra
2=)
2
[=)
Cra=(1+2b) (x
HM
-
-
2b.
3
H12
He
xa
=
=
xa 1
+
2b). calle
(1
Ura
_
No
UN-Ura
=
Rb
:)
Rb
=
=
b
I
-
at
I =torIz] I
-
40
X
N:
KCL
n
I
M
+
+
U2
P
0
-
xa 1
XaRa Ra
Apply
Ra
=
Nettai P:Up: CaRa lle
2=)
.
Er
Ho
=
-
+
2bUz
xa 1
+
Dar
2a cb C
bit
hit
=
=
Ura a((
2.6
10
E
(OP-AMP intergrator (
plan
rich
Mach
(2)
-
=
3
0 =4p-4n 0
=
=
Net
UN=0
N:
tai
(p 0
=)
-
x
=
Iz
-
Cy
IR
P
>R
KCL
>
IR 10
In
->
Ur
⑧
t
maIc 0
Ec
=
·+
TC
=
-
=2.d(Up -((ra)
Cly-Up
[=)
40
⑧
Ic
+
=
-
M
NY
atP:
Ec
Io
0
-
Apply
·
clt
R
(Ip 0
=
3
2d( ral
15
-
=
cl
I
vs
(OP-AMP
plan
3
0 is Up-Ln 0
vo
=
=
Net
tai N:UN 0
=
Apply
KCL
=
2=)
=)
+
In
ma
(p 0
Up
C.
d Lly
Ura
--
dt
(3
=
Ura
R
=
-
RC
d Clu
dt
M
C
40
NY
⑧
t
Ec
-
R
0
=
>
-
-
·+
=
ot
o-E2
Io
⑧
Ic =0
Up
Fa
P
=
=
=)
differentiator (
Ic IR
c.d(Ux-Up)
-
NIR
atP:
IC Io
=>
R
Cy
Mack
2.7
at
dra=-((
(f
Ura
3
ir
Ex2:
RF
Ra
IA
-
Ybh
Io
P.c
7
-
RA 5kR
Vc=15V
IF
a
-
=
RF 10k
4.5V
1
=
=
Vo
M
R R2 5kR
=
40
Vi
·
=
X
-
au
Rr
The
a)
circuit is
Nomax:Yph
Yomin:
-
4.5 V
it,
At pin
b)
amplifier
nonincenting
4.5V
=
we
have:
A
V+
=
R R2
+
At
(-),
pin
have:
we
KCL:
Apply
3
IA IF Io
+
=
Io
0
=
--Ire
1)
a=
x.** )
Es
(1
x
-
vo
Es
+
1
=
RA
Because
the
=>
opamp
ideal:
is
Y =V+
=)
vo
=)
Yo
With
R(1+
=
Vi 1
=
vi.
=
=>
g. (1 1) 2
+
Vi
=
Yo 1
=
2
1)
Ia
= =-RV. 1
=
R1 R2
Ra
+
-
=
5 x10 x1
1
↑
5 x 18
5 18
5 10 +
+
=-
3)
43
10-4
+
(A)
He
Rin:
We
have
This
opamp is
ideal
Iin=0
so
Vin= 3 Kin
We have
=)
Rin=
=
D
~VolV
6
2
Kin=
=)
Vo
4 sin (it)
O
6ein(it)
=
Period of
10:T
=2
1
=
- -
H
---
(s)
4
1
2
3
r e
-4.5
-
6
-
I(s)
2.8. Comparators
(Mach
inputs
Comparator IC:
"V+
When
+
more
are
positive
than "Y."
negative
than
CES "X-"is more
When
+
"v- is more
"
1."V+
is
Ex:
than
positive
"
compared
I
"
is
sank):
so
to
"V".
will
No
Vec
to tac
~+
V-
+
-
10
10
+ 8.1
Yo +10X
~+
Yo - 10X
+
--
1)
When
Vin
is
10
-
--
reference is OX
18
+ 1
-
1
"
>
+
- 10
-
V+"<"0",
Yo-+ Vc
Ve "< "0",
No--Va
~
inverting
a
~Vin(V)
18
1
vo(V
-
10
-
~+
S
-
-
Vo
-
-
10
Outputis digital either "+ 10" or "-10"
-
When
+ 1
--
10
c.
+
=
10
~+
~Vin(V)
+ 0.5
Yo +10
vo(V
a
non-inverting
0.1
-
+
=
+
Vca
10
~+
-
O
+ 0.1
Vo
+
low to -V
go
~+
O
is
below:
-
=
Vin
go high
as
"Vr"(
-
A
other
negative than "Y")
more
-
*
will
o
.
each
>
Vo
-
>
+
-
-
--
10
10-
"Y." ,"0" Yo--Ve
When
~
Note:
used
can be
I
+used
y.""O",
detect
to
for
-
No-+Vea
non-sinusoidal
whether the
signal
Whatduration
1)
a
When
Vin is
wainforms.
it has
reference is "Non-OV"
a
+y
non-inverting
+
Re
has
Vat
overshot
a
given level
overshot.
vo(V)
-
When
-
Vret
Yout
-
R2
t
~Vin~Vin(V)
-
-
Vref
"I
-
>
+
Vet
"
V" <
~Ye
Yref, Yo
"<Yref,
->
+
Vac
No--V
a)
vin
is
inverting
a
18
+
~Vin
5
~YoLV)
+Y
-
10-
Re
Yout
-
"I
Yo(X)
-
4
3
+
R2
-4
-
-
-
5-
-
When" y.")-4, Yo--Ve
"
y."<- 4,
No-+
V
-
10
10
T 2,
Cy
E
R5
+
o
-
0
Un
-
11 ret= 10V
R,
Ru
Liz
-
0
-
+ E
o
-
Ur
-
t
a
⑧
I
Re
o
-
E
·
-
E
R2
-
Re Rc R3 Ru 10K
=
=
=
=
R5 40kR
=
a)
b3
Function
of
IC,
is
comparator.
Function
of
IC2
is
inverting amplifier.
IC,
At
X
x
have:
we
=
=
x
( - E
Apply
=
12X
-
=
have:
KCL:
=-- HR
H2-V-
U-C12
=
Rus
R3
B
ideal
is
spamp
E =
E
Un-U2
R5
↑
~
Ccause
=)
=
x
10 x10 + 10 103
=
IC, we
10 5(V)
=
=
x
At
10 x 18"
1. Yref
+
1
--
s
x
0
=
-
-
x
-
In.
Rs
Ru
( - 12 10 10
(r
=
R3 -Ru
R5
=
y
=
U12:
Aas
Es
=
it
so
In ur
R3
=)
3
6(X)
(1x
=
+
R5
Ru
6(V)
=
10 10+10 10'
x
+
( 12) 40 10 24(V) >E
-
=
-
x
x
=
10 10 +10 + 183
x
Ur
=>
At IG, we
C)
x
12(V)
have:
x[ 3;54]
(1y
=
=
=
=
-
=
5x}
=)
V+3
X-max
=)
We
X-max
=)
x
=)
-ux(V)
+
S
=
3(X)
Lc
E
I
12X
=
I
=
11.
Ru
R3
Ru
12
=
R3 Ru
+
+
6X
=
10 x 10 +10x10
+
Ura=H1. RS
10 10
+
-
12
40 x 10
x
-
=-24(V)
10 10+10x 189
x
~Up
5
-
t
3
>
-
5-
124
(
-
E
(r
=
-
=
12(v)