DepartmentofCSE
Lab Report-1
Semester:Spring-2025
Course Title:Electronic Circuits
Course Code:CSE251
Section: 04
Experiment No: 04
Experiment Name: Introduction to Transistor
Group No: 08
Group Members:
Student Name
Arisha Ashraf Oishi
Amit Datta
Rahma Mahbub Adithi
Mutasim Faisal Nirob
Student Id
2022-3-60-083
2022-2-60-002
2020-2-60-026
2021-1-60-004
Submitted byName: Arisha Ashraf Oishi
Id: 2022-3-60-083
Submitted toDr. Sarwar Jahan
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
East West University
Date of Performance: 17 March 2025
Date of Submission: 24 March 2025
Objective:1) Identifybase,
transistors.
emitter,
andcollectorterminalsandconnectionsofNPNandPNP
2) Demonstrateandmeasuretheeffectsonthebasecurrentofforwardandreverse bias in
the emitter-base circuit.
Theory:It is convenient to represent the current-voltage characteristics of the transistor
graphically.InaBJTcommon-emitter(CE)configuration,theemitterservesasthe
common terminal between input and output. The input is applied at the base
terminal and the output is taken from the collector terminal. The typical CE output
describes ic as a function of Ver within as a parameter. In the active mode, ic of
practical BJTs shows some dependence on Vcr due to early effect. As a result, the
characteristics are not horizontal straight lines. This dependency of I on VCE is
included in the equivalent circuit via an output resistance ro.
Partsofa Transistor:Atypicaltransistoriscomposedofthreelayersofsemiconductormaterialsormore
specifically terminals which help to make a connection to an external circuit and
carry the current. A voltage or current that is applied to any one pair of the
terminals of a transistor controls the current through the other pair of terminals.
Therearethreeterminalsforatransistor. They
are:i) Base:Thisisusedtoactivatethetransistor
ii) Collector:Itisthepositiveleadofthetransistor
iii) Emitter:Itisthenegativeleadofthetransistor.
Partsofa Transistor.
TypesofEquipmentandComponentsNeeded:1) Powersupply2.Multimeter
3) Resistor(100K2and1.8K(2)
4) Transistor(NPNandPNP)
5) Voltmeter
6) DCmilli-ammeterandDCmicro-ammeter.
ExperimentalSetup:-
Figure:CircuitdiagramformeasuringI-VcharacteristicsofTransistor.
TracingresultswithrespecttobasevoltageV1:-
TracingresultswithrespecttobiasingvoltageV2:-
Tracingresultsat𝐼𝐶𝑄:-
DataSheets:-
Table01:-
𝑉
𝐶𝐶
(𝑉) 𝑉
10
𝐵𝐵
(𝑉)
𝐼 =
𝐶
𝑉𝐶
1.77𝐾Ω
(𝑚𝐴) 𝐼 =
𝐵
𝑉𝐵
95.36𝐾Ω
(𝑚𝐴)
𝑉
𝐶𝐸
(𝑉)
1
0.5147
0.1041
0.0016
2
1.1022
0.1040
0.0016
3
1.6525
0.1040
0.0015
4
2.2243
0.1039
0.0015
5
2.8017
0.1039
0.0015
6
3.3616
0.1039
0.0015
7
3.9051
0.1038
0.0015
8
4.5113
0.1038
0.0015
9
5.0441
0.1038
0.0015
10
5.6028
0.1038
0.0015
Table02:𝑉
𝐵𝐵
(𝑉)
10
𝑉
𝐶𝐶
(𝑉)
𝐼 =
𝐶
𝑉𝐶
1.77𝐾Ω
(𝑚𝐴) 𝐼 =
𝐵
𝑉𝐵
95.36𝐾Ω
(𝑚𝐴)
𝑉
𝐶𝐸
(𝑉)
1
0.9022
0.0032
3.027
2
2.7164
0.0137
0.109
3
2.7373
0.0301
0.077
4
2.7452
0.0369
0.062
5
2.7497
0.0454
0.053
6
2.7531
0.0556
0.047
7
2.7559
0.0659
0.042
8
2.7576
0.0792
0.038
9
2.7593
0.0854
0.035
10
2.7604
0.102
0.033
Post-LabReportQuestions:PlotIC-VCEcharacteristicscurvesfromthemeasureddatausingPSPICEand MATLAB .
Answer:
𝐼 -𝑉
𝐶
𝐶𝐸
PlotfromTable01:-
In this figure, we plotted the current (Ic) and voltage (Vce) we found from our
experiment.Herewecanobservethatasthevoltage(Vce)increases,thecurrent (Ic) decreases. Each
square on the axes represents one unit.
𝐼 -𝑉
𝐶
𝐶𝐸
PlotfromTable02:-
InTable2,wecanobservethatthecurrent(Ic)increaseswithrespecttothevoltage (Vce). The values of
voltage
(Vce)
in
Table
2
are
decreasing,
as
Ic=(Vc/1.77).Consequently,thevalueofIcincreasesgraduallyasVcedecreases.
Discussion:-