PUMA T2
Hand-held Radio Terminal
Technical Handbook
Document code: 779-0306/01
Revision 03
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the
introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for the use of OTE’s customers only for the purposes
of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or means without the prior written permission of OTE. The document has been prepared to be used by
professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. OTE
welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the
documentation.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the
mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made
between OTE and the customer. However, OTE has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions
contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. OTE will, if necessary, explain
issues which may not be covered by the document.
OTE liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction of errors. OTE WILL NOT BE
RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the
information in it.
This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according to the applicable laws.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective companies, and they are
mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © OTE S.p.A. 2003. All rights reserved.
OTE S.p.A.
A Finmeccanica Company
Page ii
Via E. Barsanti 8, 50127 - Firenze, Italy
Phone: +39 55 43811, Fax: +39 55 4381426
OTE Proprietary information
P/N: 779-0306/01
Revision 03
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Safety rules
Safety rules
Before using the equipment, read all the instructions contained in the
manual and with special care those relative to safety.
Lue käyttöohjeet ja erityisesti turvallisuuteen liittyvat ohjeet ennen
laitteen käyttöä.
Alvorens over te gaan tot het gebruik van het apparaat lees met
aandacht al de instructies van het handboek en let vooral op die die de
veiligheid betreffen.
Alvorens het apparaat in gebruik te nemen lees alle instructies van het
handboek en vooral de voorschriften betreffende de veiligheid.
Avant toute utilisation de l’appareil, lire toutes les indications
contenues dans le Manuel et avec une attention particulière celles
relatives à la sécurité.
Läs alla instruktioner i denna manual innan ni använder apparaten och
då särskilt noggrannt de anvisningar som gäller säkerheten.
Læs alle de vejledninger, der er indeholdt i manualen med særlig
opmærksomhed på de vejledninger, der vedrører sikkerheden, før
apparatet tages i brug.
Vor Gebrauch des Geräts alle in dieser Bedienungsanleitung
enthaltenen Anweisungen und Vorschriften lesen.
Den Sicherheitsbestimmungen ist dabei besondere Aufmerksamkeit
zu widmen.
P/N: 779-0306/01
Revision 03
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Page iii
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Safety rules
Πριν χρησιµοποιήσετε τη συσκευή διαβάστε όλες τις οδηγίες που
περιέχονται στο εγχειρίδιο και δώστε ιδιαίτερη προσοχή στης
οδηγίες ασφαλείας.
Prima di utilizzare l’apparecchiatura leggere tutte le indicazioni
contenute nel manuale e con particolare attenzione quelle relative alla
sicurezza.
Antes de utilizar el equipo leer todas las instrucciones contenidas en
el manual, poniendo particular atención a las de seguridad.
Antes de utilizar o aparelho, leia todas as instruções que constam no
manual e com muita atenção as instruções relativas à segurança.
Page iv
OTE Proprietary information
P/N: 779-0306/01
Revision 03
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Safety rules
This equipment is marked
0648
According to the requirements specified in the R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and the
Commission Decision 6th April 2000, the EC marking is accompanied by the
identification number of the notified body and by the Class II equipment class
identifier.
This equipment (in the 400 MHz, 430 MHz and 470 MHz versions) is intended for
sell and use in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, United
Kingdom.
This equipment requires authorization or license for use.
This equipment operates on frequency bands non-harmonised in the EU.
This equipment can also be used worldwide where the equipment is approved for
use.
P/N: 779-0306/01
Revision 03
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Technical Handbook
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Safety rules
Hereby, OTE S.p.A., declares that this PUMA T2 is in compliance with the
essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
OTE S.p.A. vakuuttaa täten että PUMA T2 tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY
oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Hierbij verklaart OTE S.p.A. dat het toestel PUMA T2 in overeenstemming is met
de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Bij deze verklaart OTE S.p.A. dat deze PUMA T2 voldoet aan de essentiële eisen
en aan de overige relevante bepalingen van Richtlijn 1999/5/EC.
Par la présente, OTE S.p.A. déclare que ce PUMA T2 est conforme aux exigences
essentielles et aux autres dispositions de la directive 1999/5/CE qui lui sont
applicables.
Härmed intygar OTE S.p.A. att denna PUMA T2 står I överensstämmelse med de
väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av
direktiv 1999/5/EG.
Undertegnede OTE S.p.A. erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr PUMA T2
overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Hiermit erklärt OTE S.p.A. die Übereinstimmung des Gerätes PUMA T2 mit den
grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Festlegungen der
Richtlinie 1999/5/EG.
ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ OTE S.p.A. ∆ΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ [type of equipment]
ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩ∆ΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ
ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ∆ΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ Ο∆ΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕΚ.
Con la presente OTE S.p.A. dichiara che questo PUMA T2 è conforme ai requisiti
essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Por medio de la presente OTE S.p.A. declara que el PUMA T2 cumple con los
requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de
la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
OTE S.p.A. declara que este PUMA T2 está conforme com os requisitos
essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
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Technical Handbook
Summary
Summary
LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................XVII
GLOSSARY .......................................................................................... XXIX
REFERENCE REGULATIONS ............................................................. XXXIII
1. GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................... 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1
TETRA NETWORK OVERVIEW .......................................................................................3
1.2.1
TETRA NETWORK EQUIPMENT .....................................................................6
1.2.1.1 Radio Base Station (BS) ....................................................................6
1.2.1.2 Switching and Control Node (SCN)....................................................6
1.2.1.3 Network Management System (NMS)................................................6
1.2.1.4 Control Room Server (CRS)...............................................................6
1.2.1.5 WDS, RDS and LDS ..........................................................................6
1.2.1.6 Terminals: fixed stations, vehicular radio and hand-held radio..........7
1.2.2
REFERENCE STANDARD................................................................................7
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................8
TRUNKED MODE SERVICES ........................................................................................10
1.4.1
Introduction to speech calls .............................................................................10
1.4.2
Individual calls..................................................................................................10
1.4.3
Talk Group calls ...............................................................................................10
1.4.4
Telephone Interconnect Call............................................................................12
DATA CALLS ...................................................................................................................13
1.5.1
Circuit Data Services .......................................................................................13
1.5.2
Short Data Service...........................................................................................13
PRIORITY GROUP SCANNING .....................................................................................14
1.6.1
Class of Usage (CoU) Priorities.......................................................................14
1.6.2
Scanning Algorithm..........................................................................................14
OVER THE AIR PROGRAMMING (OTAP) .....................................................................15
DIRECT MODE SERVICES ............................................................................................16
1.8.1
Speech Calls....................................................................................................16
1.8.2
Short Data Services .........................................................................................17
EMERGENCY SPEECH CALL........................................................................................18
PROGRAMMING THE EQUIPMENT ..............................................................................19
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................20
MAINTENANCE...............................................................................................................22
MAIN COMPONENTS .....................................................................................................23
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Summary
1.14 STANDARD REFERENCES........................................................................................... 24
1.15 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... 25
1.16 ESD PRECAUTIONS...................................................................................................... 31
2. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................33
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 33
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 34
PUMA T2 MECHANICS .................................................................................................. 35
BASE BAND SECTION................................................................................................... 36
POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................... 44
RADIOFREQUENCY SECTION ..................................................................................... 45
EXTERNAL CONNECTORS........................................................................................... 50
3. INSTALLATION ..................................................................................51
3.1
3.2
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 51
UNPACKING/RE-PACKING INSTRUCTIONS AND STORAGE/TRANSPORT
REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 52
3.2.1
Unpacking ....................................................................................................... 52
3.2.2
Storage............................................................................................................ 52
3.2.3
Re-packing and transport................................................................................ 52
4. SETTING UP.......................................................................................53
4.1
4.2
4.3
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 53
SETTINGS ...................................................................................................................... 54
4.2.1
HW/SW Configurations ................................................................................... 54
4.2.2
Connecting the equipment and the computer ................................................. 54
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 55
5. DISPOSAL..........................................................................................57
5.1
5.2
5.3
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 57
DISMANTLING AND DISPOSAL .................................................................................... 58
PROVISIONS FOR RE-USE........................................................................................... 59
6. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .............................................................61
6.1
6.2
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 62
COLLECTION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FORMS.......................................... 63
7. TROUBLESHOOTING..........................................................................71
7.1
7.2
7.3
Page x
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 72
RADIO TESTS WITH THE RADIO TEST SET ............................................................... 73
7.2.1
Tests with Radio Test Set ............................................................................... 73
TROUBLESHOOTING FLOW DIAGRAMS .................................................................... 80
7.3.1
PUMA T2: troubleshooting flow diagrams....................................................... 80
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Technical Handbook
Summary
8. CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ............................................................ 89
8.1
8.2
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................89
COLLECTION OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE FORMS..........................................90
APPENDIX A:
A.1
NOTE .............................................................................................................................101
APPENDIX B:
B.1
B.2
B.3
B.4
B.5
B.6
B.7
BATTERY CHARGER...................................................... 101
ANTENNA & ACCESSORIES .......................................... 103
ANTENNA (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430, PUMA T2-470) .........................................103
ANTENNA (PUMA T2-870) ...........................................................................................105
LEATHER CASE AND NYLON BAG.............................................................................106
BELT CLIP .....................................................................................................................107
PTT MICROPHONE WITH INTERNAL SPEAKER .......................................................108
EARPHONE FOR PTT MICROPHONE WITH LOUDSPEAKER..................................111
LAPEL MICROPHONE KA197/KA297 ..........................................................................112
APPENDIX C:
VEHICULAR ADAPTER .................................................. 115
APPENDIX D: NICD, NIMH AND LI-ION BATTERIES .......................... 117
D.1
D.2
D.3
D.4
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................117
D.1.1
Battery identification.......................................................................................117
LI-ION BATTERY...........................................................................................................118
D.2.1
Mechanical description ..................................................................................118
D.2.2
Electrical Description .....................................................................................120
D.2.3
Electrical interface .........................................................................................120
BATTERY PACK LAYOUT AND PROTECTION CIRCUIT...........................................122
NiCd & NiMH BATTERY................................................................................................124
D.4.1
Mechanical description ..................................................................................125
D.4.2
Electrical Description .....................................................................................126
D.4.3
Electrical Interfaces .......................................................................................126
D.4.4
Internal scheme .............................................................................................127
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
List of figures
List of figures
Fig. 1.1:
Fig. 1.2:
Fig. 2.1:
Fig. 2.2:
Fig. 2.3:
Fig. 2.4:
Fig. 2.5:
Fig. 7.1:
Fig. 7.2:
Fig. 7.3:
Fig. 7.4:
Fig. 7.5:
Fig. 7.6:
Fig. 7.7:
Fig. 7.8:
Fig. 7.9:
Fig. 7.10:
Fig. 7.11:
Fig. 7.11:
Fig. 7.12:
Fig. 7.13:
Fig. 7.14:
Fig. 7.15:
Fig. 7.16:
Fig. 7.16:
Fig. 8.1:
Fig. B.1:
Fig. B.2:
Fig. B.3
Fig. B.4:
Fig. B.5:
Fig. B.6:
Fig. B.7:
Fig. B.8:
Fig. B.9:
Fig. D.1:
Fig. D.2:
Fig. D.3:
Page xii
TETRA Network Architecture......................................................................................... 5
PUMA T2 hand-portable radio ....................................................................................... 9
Functional block diagram of the base band board....................................................... 36
Power supply functional block diagram ....................................................................... 44
RT board functional block diagram .............................................................................. 45
Power supply and control signal functional block diagram .......................................... 49
PEI connector............................................................................................................... 50
Tetra Radio Test Set .................................................................................................... 73
SYSTEMS key ............................................................................................................. 74
System selection .......................................................................................................... 74
Channel selection......................................................................................................... 75
DATA keys ................................................................................................................... 75
Red “ENTER” keys....................................................................................................... 76
“Manual Test” and “Mode” ........................................................................................... 77
Adjustment knob .......................................................................................................... 79
It‘s not possible to control the volume of the speaker.................................................. 81
The radio doesn’t turn on ............................................................................................. 82
It’s not possible to exchange data with an external equipment (sheet 1 of 2)............. 83
It’s not possible to exchange data with an external equipment (sheet 2 of 2)............. 84
The equipment turns off every now and then .............................................................. 85
Failure in the selection of the standard operative functions and/or in the selection
of the digits from the keyboard..................................................................................... 86
The green and/or red LED are not lit when they should .............................................. 86
The display is out of order or it shows wrong things.................................................... 86
The radio link, within the normal coverage area, is impossible, intermittent
or faint (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................................................... 87
The radio link, within the normal coverage area, is impossible, intermittent
or faint (Sheet 2 of 2) ................................................................................................... 88
Replacements at the I and II maintenance level.......................................................... 91
Antenna (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430, PUMA T2-470) ......................................... 103
Antenna (PUMA T2-870) ........................................................................................... 105
Belt clip....................................................................................................................... 107
PTT microphone with internal speaker ...................................................................... 108
Connector................................................................................................................... 109
Electric scheme of the PTT microphone with internal speaker.................................. 110
Earphone for PTT microphone................................................................................... 111
Lapel microphone KA197/KA297............................................................................... 112
Lapel microphone electric scheme ............................................................................ 114
Li-ion battery package (rear side) .............................................................................. 118
Li-ion battery package (radio side) ............................................................................ 118
Battery identification code .......................................................................................... 119
OTE Proprietary information
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Revision 03
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
List of figures
Fig. D.4:
Fig. D.5:
Fig. D.6:
Fig. D.7:
Fig. D.8:
Fig. D.9:
Fig. D.10:
Fig. D.11:
Fig. D.12:
Fig. D.13:
Bottom side contacts ..................................................................................................121
Upper side contacts ....................................................................................................121
Block diagram of the protection circuit .......................................................................122
1800 mAh NiMH battery .............................................................................................124
Instructions on the pack..............................................................................................125
Battery Identification Code .........................................................................................125
Instructions on the paper band ...................................................................................126
Upper Side Battery Contacts ......................................................................................126
Lower Side Battery Contacts ......................................................................................127
Internal circuitry of the pack........................................................................................127
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Page xiii
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
List of tables
List of tables
Tab. 1.1:
Tab. 1.2:
Tab. 1.3:
Tab. 1.4:
Tab. 2.1:
Tab. 2.2:
Tab. 2.3:
Tab. 2.4:
Tab. 2.5:
Tab. 2.6:
Tab. 2.7:
Tab. 6.1:
Tab. 7.1:
Tab. 7.2:
Tab. 7.3:
Tab. 8.1:
Tab. B.1:
Tab. B.2:
Tab. B.3:
Tab. B.4:
Tab. B.5:
Tab. B.6:
Tab. B.7:
Tab. B.8:
Tab. B.9:
Tab. B.10:
Tab. D.1:
Tab. D.2:
Tab. D.3:
Tab. D.4:
Page xiv
Acronyms related to Fig. 1.1 .......................................................................................... 4
Technical characteristics.............................................................................................. 20
Maintenance levels ...................................................................................................... 22
PUMA T2 main components ........................................................................................ 23
Flex connector interface signals. ................................................................................. 37
I/F RT connector interface signals ............................................................................... 40
Signal frequnces .......................................................................................................... 47
VCO frequencies.......................................................................................................... 48
VCOL frequencies........................................................................................................ 48
External connector ....................................................................................................... 50
Headset connector ....................................................................................................... 50
Summary of the preventive maintenance operations .................................................. 63
Parameters................................................................................................................... 78
Portable radio PUMA T2 troubleshooting .................................................................... 80
Description of the symbols used in the troubleshooting flow diagrams....................... 81
Summary of the corrective maintenance operations ................................................... 92
Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430) .......................................... 104
Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-470) ................................................................... 104
Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-870) ................................................................... 105
Microphone characteristics ........................................................................................ 109
Speaker characteristics.............................................................................................. 109
Pin function ................................................................................................................ 110
Earphone characteristics ........................................................................................... 111
KA197/KA297 microphone characteristics ................................................................ 113
KA197/KA297 earphone characteristics .................................................................... 113
Pin functions............................................................................................................... 113
BK Resistor values..................................................................................................... 117
Li-ion battery (technical characteristics) .................................................................... 120
Electrical characteristics ............................................................................................ 122
Technical references.................................................................................................. 124
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Technical Handbook
Issue record sheet
Issue record sheet
Title:
PUMA T2 – Hand-held Radio terminal
Document code
779-0306/01
Date
Main variations applied
Rev.
June 2002
Version 1: First issue
01
December 2002
Version 2: General revision
02
January 2004
Version 3: General revision for OTE mark and graphic improvement
03
The Fig. 7.3 and the Appendix C are changed; added TETRA TEST SET
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Technical Handbook
Issue record sheet
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Technical Handbook
List of acronyms
LIST OF ACRONYMS
P/N: 779-0306/01
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4w-E&M
4 wires – Ear & Mouth
A
Ampere
A/D
Analogue to Digital
AACH
Access Assignment Channel
AC
Alternate Current
ACCH
Associated Control Channel
ADU
Alarm Display Unit
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port
AMI
Alternate Mark Inversion
AAA
Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting
AACH
Access Assignment Channel
AC
Authentication Code
ACCH
Associated Control Channel
AESI
Alias Encrypted Short Identity
AI
Air Interface
AI-n
Air Interface layer n
AL
Ambience Listening
AoC
Advice of Charge
AP
Access Priority
AP1
Access Point for Bearer Services at S reference point
AP2
Access Point for Bearer Services at R reference point
AP3
Access Point for Teleservices
ARQ
Automatic Retry Request [PP]
AS
Area Selection
AS
Alias Stream
ASSI
Alias Short Subscriber Identity
AT
Attention [PP]
ATSI
Alias TETRA Subscriber Identity
AUC
Authentication Centre [PP]
BBK
Broadcast BlocK
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
List of acronyms
Page xviii
BCC
Base station Colour Code
BCCH
Broadcast Control Channel
BCF
Base Common Function. OTE synonym for SCN. [GPR]
BER
Bit Error Rate
BH
Busy Hour [PP]
BIC
Barring of Incoming Calls
BKN
BlocK Number
BLCH
Base station Linearisation CHannel
BLE
Base Link control Entity. As MLE. [GPR]
BN
Bit Number
BNCH
Broadcast Network Channel
BOC
Barring of Outgoing Calls
BRI
Basic Rate Interface [PP]
BS
Base Station or Base Station (Cell)
BSCH
Broadcast Synchronisation CHannel
BTS
Base Transceiver Station. [GPR]
C-PLANE
Control-PLANE
CAD
Call Authorised by Dispatcher
CB
Control uplink Burst
CC
Call Control
CCBS
Call Completion to Busy Subscriber
CCH
Control Channel
CCK
Common Cipher Key
CCK-id
CCK identifier
CCNR
Call Completion on No Reply
CDB
Configuration Data Base [GPR]
CFB
Call Forwarding on Busy
CFNRc
Call Forwarding on Mobile Subscriber Not Reachable
CFNRy
Call Forwarding on No Reply
CFU
Call Forwarding Unconditional
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CL
ConnectionLess
CLCH
Common Linearisation Channel
CLIP
Calling Line Identification Presentation
CLIR
Calling/connected Line Identification Restriction
CLNS
Connection-Less Network Service [PP]
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List of acronyms
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CMCE
Circuit Mode Control Entity
CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol [PP]
CO
Connection Oriented
Codec
Coder / decoder [PP]
COLP
COnnected Line identification Presentation
CoU
Class of Usage
CP
Control Physical channel
CR
Call Report
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRS
Control Room Server [PP]
CRT
Call Retention
CRU
Control Room Unit [PP]
CR(V)
Call Retention (Value) [PP]
CS
Customer Specific Requirement [PP]
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect [PP]
CSS
Carrier Specific Signalling
CT
Cipher Text
Cut-off
Termine con cui si ridefinisce un criterio di interruzione del
processo di carica da parte del caricabatterie
CW
Call Waiting
D- Downlink
(BS->MS) identifier prefix [GPR]
DAC
Dispatcher Audio Console [PP]
DASS
Digital Audio Signalling System [PP]
DBMS
Data Base Management System [PP]
DC
Direct Current
D-CT
Downlink Continuous Transmission
D-CTT
Downlink Carrier Timesharing Transmission
DM
Direct Mode [PP]
D-MCCTT
Downlink Main Control Channel Timesharing Transmission
DCK
Derived Cipher Key
DCK1
Part 1 of the DCK
DCK2
Part 2 of the DCK
DCOMP
Data COMpression Protocol
DGNA
Dynamic Group Number Assignment
DK
Derived Key
DL
Discreet Listening
DL
DownLink
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
List of acronyms
Page xx
DLL
Data Link Layer
DPNSS
Digital Private Network Signalling System [PP]
DQPSK
Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
DS
Dispatching System [PP]
DSD
Destination Short Data
DSDA
Destination Short Data Agent
DSE
Dialogue Service Element
DS0
Digital Signal Level 0: 64 kbit/s timeslot of an E1 [PP]
DSP
Digital Signal Processor [PP]
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment [PP]
DTMF
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency [PP]
DTX
Down-link Transmission [PP]
E1
G.703/G.704 2048 Kbit/s channel [PP]
EFSM
Extended Finite State Machine [GPR]
EKSG
End-to-end Key Stream Generator
EKSS
End-to-end Key Stream Segment
ESI
Encrypted Short Identity
ESN
Electronic Serial Number
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute [PP]
F
Function
FA
Future Addition Requirement [PP]
FAC
Final Assembly Code
FCS
Frame Check Sequence
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access [PP]
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FN
Frame Number
FOACSU
Full Off Air Call Set Up [PP]
GCK
Group Cipher Key
GCK-VN
GCK-Version Number
GESI
Group Encrypted Short Identity
GoS
Grade of Service
GPS
Global Positioning System [PP]
GSM
Global System for Mobile communications
GSSI
Group Short Subscriber Identity
GTSI
Group TETRA Subscriber Identity
GUI
Graphical User Interface [PP]
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GW
Gateway [PP]
HDB
Home Data Base [GPR]
HDLC
High level Data Link Control [PP]
HH
Hand-Held (Hand-portable) Radio Unit [PP]
HLR
Home Mobile Location Register. OTE synonym for HDB [GPR]
HLRP
Process to manage HLR [GPR]
HMI
Human Machine Interface [PP]
HO
Handover (synonym for cell re-selection). [GPR]
HOLD
Call HOLD
HSC
Half-Slot Condition
HIS
Half-Slot Importance
HSN
Half-Slot Number
HSS
Half-Slot Stolen
HSSE
Half-Slot Stolen by Encryption unit
IC
Include Call
ICCS
Integrated Command and Control System [PP]
IESI
Individual Encrypted Short Identity
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force [PP]
I/F
Interface [PP]
IGSD
Incoming Gateway Short Data
IN
Intelligent Network [PP]
INA
Intervening Network Adaption
IP
Internet Protocol
ISD
Inter-system Short Data
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISI
Inter-System Interface
ISO
International Organisation for Standardisation
ISSI
Individual Short Subscriber Identity
ITC
Inter TETRA Connection
ITL
Inter TETRA Links
ITSI
Individual TETRA Subscriber Identity
ITU
International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications
Division [PP]
IV
Initialisation Value
IVN
InterVening Network
K
authentication Key
KS, KS’
Session authentication Key
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KSG
Key Stream Generator
KSO
Session Key OTAR
KSS
Key Stream Segment
LA-id
Location Area identifier
LA
Location Area
LAN
Local Area Network [PP]
LB
Linearisation Burst
LCH
Linearisation Channel
LCMC-SAP
Link entity Circuit Mode Control entity Service Access Point
LCP
Link Control Protocol
LD
Line Dispatcher [PP]
LDS
LAN Dispatcher Station [PP]
LE
Late Entry
LLC
Logical Link Control
LLME
Lower Layer Management Entity
LMM_
Link (layer) MM identifier prefix(message between M/BLE and MM)
[GPR]
LMM-SAP
Link entity Mobility Management Service Access Point
LMN
Land Mobile Network
LR
Location Register [GPR]
LS
Line Station or Line-connected Station
LSC
List Search Call
LSCN
Large SCN [PP]
LT
Local Terminal [PP]
LTPD-SAP
Link entity TETRA Packet Data Service Access Point
P>LTU
Line Termination Unit [GPR]
mAh
Capacità della cella espressa in milliAmpere ora
MAC
Medium Access Control
MCC
Mobile Country Code
MCCH
Main Control Channel
MER
Message Erasure Rate.
MF
Manipulation Flag
MGCK
Modified Group Cipher Key
MIB
Management Information Base [PP]
MLE
Mobile Link Entity
MM
Mobility Management
MMI
Man Machine Interface [PP]
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MN
Multiframe Number
MNC
Mobile Network Code
MNI
Mobile Network Identity
MO
Mobile station Originating
MPN
Monitoring Pattern Number
MS
Mobile Station
MSC
Main Switching Centre [GPR]
MSC
Message Sequence Chart
MT
Mobile Termination (short form for MTU)
MT0
Mobile Termination type 0
MT2
Mobile Termination type 2
MTU
Mobile Termination Unit
MUX
Multiplexer [PP]
NC
Network Connection
NDB
Normal Downlink Burst
NE
Network Element [PP]
NMS
Network Management System [PP]
NMT
Network Management Terminal [PP]
N(R)
Received SDU (TL-SDU) number
N(S)
Sent SDU (TL-SDU) number
NSAP
Network Service Access Point
NSAPI
Network Service Access Point Identifier
NSDU
Network Service Data Unit [PP]
NT
Network Termination
NUB
Normal Uplink Burst
OACSU
Off Air Call Set Up [PP]
OAM
Operational Administration and Maintenance [PP]
OGSD
Outgoing Gateway Short Data
O&M
Operation and maintenance [PP]
OMBCF
Operation & Maintenance BCF [GPR]
OMC
Operations and Maintenance Centre [GPR]
OSD
Originating Short Data
OSDA
Originating Short Data Agent
OSI
Open Systems Interconnect
OTAR
Air Re-keying
P/N
Part Number
OTE Proprietary information
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PABX
Private Automatic Branch eXchange [PP]
PACQ
Probability of synchronisation burst acquisition
PAD
Packet Assembler / Dis-assembler [PP]
PAMR
Public Access Mobile Radio [PP]
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PBX
Private Branch eXchange [PP]
PC
Priority Call or Protocol Control
PCOMP
Protocol COMpression Protocol
PD
Packet Data (SNAF) [GPR]
PDCH
Packet Data CHannel
PDN
Packet Data Network
PDP
Packet Data Protocol
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PEI
Peripheral Equipment Interface [PP]
PIN
Personal Identification Number
PL
Physical Layer
PPC
Pre-emptive Priority Call
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PSRCP
Public Safety Radio Communications Project [PP]
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PT
Plain Text
PTN
Private Telephonic Network
PTT
Press To Talk (button) [PP]
PUEM
Probability of Undetected Erroneous Message
PVC
Permanent Virtual Circuit
P/N
Part Number
QSIG
Q interface SIGnalling protocol [PP]
RA
Registration Area [GPR]
RAD
Hand-Held [PP]
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RAID
Search Area or Service Alarm [PP]
RAND1
RANDom challenge 1
RAND2
RANDom challenge 2
RD
Radio Dispatcher [PP]
RDS
Radio Dispatcher Station [PP]
RES1
RESponse 1
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RES2
RESponse 2
RFC
Request for comments
ROSE
Remote Operating Service Element
RS
Random Seed
RSO
Random Seed for OTAR
RT
TETRA R reference point
S(R)
Received segment Sequence number
S(S)
Sent segment Sequence number
S-CLNP
Specific ConnectionLess Network Protocol
SA
Search Area
SAP
Service Access Point
SB
Synchronisation downlink Burst
SC
Switching Centre [GPR]
SC
Site Controller [PP]
SCCH
Secondary Control CHannel
SCCK
Sealed Common Cipher Key
SCH
Signalling CHannel
SCK
Static Cipher Key
SCK-VN
SCK Identifier
SCKN
Static Cipher Key Number
SCN
Switching Centre Node. Analogous to APMR LSC. [GPR]
SCN-TX
Switching and Control Node (SCN or LSCN) [PP]
SCP
Service Control Point [PP]
SD
Short Data [PP]
SDB
Service Data Base/Subscriber Data Base [PP]
SDL
Specification and Description Language [CCITT].
SDP
Short Data Protocol
SDS
Short Data Service
SDU
Service Data Unit
SF
Synchronisation Frame
SGCK
Sealed GCK
SHSI
Stolen Half-Slot Identifier
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module
SLIP
Serial Line Interface Protocol [PP]
SM
Subscriber Management [PP]
SMI
Short Management Identity
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SN
Symbol Number
SNA
Short Number Addressing
SNA
System Network Architecture [PP]
SNACP
Sub-Network Access Protocol
SNAF
Sub-Network Access Functions
SNDCP
Sub-network Dependent Convergence Protocol
SNEI
SNDCP Network Endpoint Identifier
SNICP
Sub-Network Independent Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol [PP]
SN-PDU
[ETSI list this abbreviation without defining it]
SS
Supplementary Service
SS
Synchronisation Status
SSCK
Sealed SCK
SSCN
Small SCN [PP]
SSI
Short Subscriber Identity
SSN
SubSlot Number
ST
TETRA S reference point
STCH
Stealing CHannel
SV
Synchronisation Value
SwMI
TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure
SYNC
SYNChronisation PDU transmitted on the BSCH [PP]
TA
TETRA Algorithm
TAC
Type Approval Code
TAT
TETRA Terminal Adapting functions
TC
Transfer of Control
TCH
Traffic CHannel
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol [PP]
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
TE
Terminal Equipment
TE1
TE presenting an ISDN interface
TE2
TE presenting a TETRA interface
TEI
TETRA Equipment Identity
OTE Proprietary information
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TETRA
TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (Formerly Trans-European Trunked
RAdio)
TL
Transmission Line
TLA_Tetra
LCC-layer Access identifier prefix (message between LCC and
M/BLE) [GPR]
TL-primitive
TETRA LLC sub-layer primitive of service
TL-SDU
SDU from the service user (i.e. MLE)
TLA
A layer 2 SAP (TLA-SAP)
TLB
A layer 2 SAP (TLB-SAP)
TLC
A layer 2 SAP (TLC-SAP)
TLC1
TETRA Link layer Control No. 1
TMA_ Tetra
MAC-layer Access identifier prefix (message between MAC and
LCC) [GPR]
TM-primitive
TETRA MAC sub-layer primitive of service
TM-SDU
SDU from the layer above MAC (i.e. LLC)
TMI
TETRA Management Identity
TMV-primitive
TETRA MAC sub-layer virtual primitive of service
TN
Transit Network
TN
Timeslot Number
TNMM
Tetra Network Mobility Management (refers to the SAP)
TNMM-SAP
Tetra Network (layer) Mobility Management Service Access Point
[GPR]
TNP1
TETRA Network Protocol No. 1
TNP2
TETRA Network Protocol No. 2
TNP3
TETRA Network Protocol No. 3
TNP4
TETRA Network Protocol No. 4
TNSDS
TETRA Network Short Data Service
TP
Traffic Physical channel
TP-primitive
TETRA Physical layer primitive of service
TPI
Talking Party Identification
TRX
Transceiver [PP]
TSI
TETRA Subscriber Identity
TT
TETRA T reference point
U- Uplink
(MS->BS) identifier prefix [GPR]
U-PLANE
User-PLANE
UAK
User Authentication Key
Ud
TETRA Direct Mode air interface
OTE Proprietary information
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UL
UpLink
Um
TETRA air interface
UP
Unallocated Physical channel
UPT
Universal Personal Telecommunications
USSI
Un-exchanged Short Subscriber Identity
V
Volt
V.24T
Physical Layer Protocol over the RT reference point
VAD
Voice Activity Detector [PP]
(V)ASSI
Visiting Short Subscriber Alias Identity or Visitor ASSI
(V)ATSI
Visiting TETRA Subscriber Alias Identity or Visitor ATSI
V+D
Voice Plus Data
VC
Virtual Call
VDB
Visited Data Base [GPR]
(V)GSSI
Visiting Short Subscriber Group Identity or Visitor GSSI
(V)GTSI
Visiting TETRA Subscriber Group Identity or Visitor GTSI
VLR
Visitor Location Register. OTE synonym for VDB [GPR]
VPN
Virtual Private Network [PP]
VR
Vehicular Radio (a "mobile") [PP]
VR
Voice Recorder [PP]
WAN
Wide Area Network [PP]
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
WDS
WAN Dispatcher Station [PP]
XRES1
eXpected RESponse 1
XRES2
eXpected RESponse 2
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Glossary
GLOSSARY
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Air interface
The TETRA defined standard high-frequency interface
between a base station and a mobile station, or between
mobile stations mutually.
Direct Mode
Communication between mobile stations mutually, using
radio frequencies that fall outside the control of the network,
and without intervention of a base station.
Encryption
The cryptographic conversion of clear speech or data into
encrypted speech or data so that the content of the
message is no longer identifiable
Fixed Infrastructure
Permanently set up equipment and connections of the
network. A term with the same significance is Switching and
Management Infrastructure (SwMI). The fixed infrastructure
fullfills the SwMI-functionality of the network (switching
nodes, base stations, fixed connections databases,
interfaces, gateways, etc).
Gateway
A Gateway makes the interconnection possible of a network
with another communication network, where both networks
use different protocols. The Gateway provides the necessary
translation and interfacing with the other network.
Group Call
A group call is a speech call among several users. It is
realised making a call from an individual user toward a
group.
Half duplex call
In half duplex call, each MS or LS needs to ask for
permission to transmit for each transaction. In TETRA
trunked mode operation half duplex means two frequency
simplex operation.
Handover
The action of the switching of a communication session from
one cell to another cell or between radio channels in a cell.
Handover allows to maintain a communication session when
the mobile stations concerned move from one cell to another
cell, or switch between radio channels in a cell. See also cell
reselection.
Individual Call
An individual speech call is a bi-directional point to point
connection between two terminal equipment such as: Mobile
Station, Dispatchers, PABX / PSTN gateways.
Late Entry (LE)
During a multipoint speech call, the TETRA network can
send LE indications related to that call, to allow latecomer
users to join the ongoing speech call.
Message Trunking
A traffic channel is permanently allocated for the complete
duration of the call, which may include several separate call
transactions (several pressel activation's by separate
terminals). The channel is only de-allocated if the call is
(explicitly) released or if a time-out expires.
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Page xxx
Mobile Network Identity
(MNI)
The identity that is broadcast by all TETRA base stations
to uniquely identify the network.
Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile peripheral equipment. The following types are to
be distinguished: mobile phone, portable phone and
radio data terminal.
Network
A collection of subscriber terminals interconnected
through telecommunications devices.
Network Management
System (NMS)
The NMS is a remote management system able to
control a number of Switching and Control Nodes and to
have complete visibility of the whole system.
On/Off Hook Signalling
A signalling procedure which includes an alerting
process to the called user. An explicit response from the
called user that he has answered is waited [sic] before
the call can be set-up.
Peripheral Equipment
Equipment intended for communication via the network
or in direct mode, over the air interface. Line stations
with the functionality of peripheral equipment are likewise
included as well as DMO-gateways and DMO-repeaters.
Pre-emptive Priority Call
According to this service, several calls may be preempted to satisfy the higher priority call. This means that
those calls are shut down, and the traffic channels are
allocated for other high-priority tasks.
Priority Call
This service allows the infrastructure to give priority
access to network resources to calls which have been
sent with priority status.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Refers to certain characteristics of a Network Connection
(NC) as observed between the NC endpoints which are
attributable solely to the Network Service (NS) provider.
Short Data Service
(SDS)
Service allowing a subscriber (MS or Dispatcher) to send
pre-defined and user defined short messages to another
subscriber or group of subscribers.
Short Subscriber
Identity (SSI)
The network specific portion of a TSI. An SSI is unique
within one TETRA sub-domain (one TETRA network).
There are four different types of SSI (see subclause
7.2.3):
a) Individual SSI (ISSI);
b) Group SSI (GSSI);
c) Alias SSI (ASSI);
d) Un-exchanged SSI (USSI).
Supplementary Service
A service which modifies or supplements a bearer
service or a teleservice. A supplementary service cannot
be offered to a customer as a stand-alone service. It
should be offered in combination with a bearer service or
a teleservice.
Talking Party
Identification (TPI)
TPI enables all the parties involved in a call to be made
aware of the identity of the talking party.
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TETRA Equipment
Identity (TEI)
An electronic serial number that is permanently
embedded in the TETRA equipment. A TEI is embedded
in both MSs (in the MT) and in LSs (in the NT).
TETRA Subscriber
Identity (TSI)
A global TETRA network address that is used to identify
an individual or a group subscriber within the domain of
all TETRA networks. A valid TSI refers to a TSI that has
been allocated by the network where it is being used
(see figure 25 for addressing domain).
Trunked mode
A method of working where peripheral equipment can
communicate via the network air interface, under the
control of the network fixed infrastructure.
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Reference regulations
REFERENCE REGULATIONS
• ETSI EN 300 394-1 v 2.3.1
TETRA Conformal Testing Specification – Part 1:
Radio
• ETSI EN 301 489-18 - v1.2.1
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards
for radio equipment and services – Part 18:
Specific conditions for TETRA equipment
• ETS 300 392-2
Voice plus data: Part 2: Air Interface
• ETS 300 019-2-7
Environmental conditions and environmental tests
for telecommunication equipment. Part 2-7;
Specification of Environmental Tests: Portable
and non stationary use
• EN 303 035-1 V.1.1.1 (06-2001) “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) Harmonized
EN for TETRA equipment covering essential
requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive; Part 1: Voice plus Data (V+D)” , cited on
OJ of EU C208 26-07-2001ETSI EN 301 489-1 –
v1.2.1 – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
standards for radio equipment and services – Part
1: Common technical requirements
• EN 303 035-2 V.1.1.1 (06-2001) “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) Harmonized
EN for TETRA equipment covering essential
requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive; Part 2: Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
• EN 60950: 2000
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General information
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
INTRODUCTION
This technical manual contains the description of the PUMA T2 hand-portable
radio unit, a mobile form of radio communications equipment operating in a
frequency band that depends on the PUMA T2 versions (400 MHz, 430 MHz, 470
MHz, 870 MHz). The PUMA T2 transceiver is a frequency synthetized equipment
controlled by a microprocessor and designed for voice and data
reception/transmission TETRA communication system.
The information and descriptions given in this manual are related to product
development. Therefore they can be changed according to the product release.
The manual is divided into the following sections:
Section 1: General information
The equipment’s purpose, structure, functions, main technical data, safety
recommendations and TETRA network overview are described in this section.
Section 2: Technical description
The functional description of each assembly present in the equipment is contained
in this section.
Section 3: Installation
The equipment’s installation and wiring procedures are described in this section.
Section 4: Setting up
The procedures for inspection and setting up of the equipment are described in this
section.
Section 5: Disposal
Information on the disposal of equipment parts is given in this section.
Section 6: Preventive maintenance
This section gives information on the preventive maintenance procedures of the
equipment.
Section 7: Troubleshooting
This section gives information on the troubleshooting procedures of the equipment.
Section 8: Corrective maintenance
This section gives information on the corrective maintenance procedures of the
equipment.
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Technical Handbook
General information
Appendix A: Battery charger
Appendix B: Antenna & Accessories
Appendix C: Vehicular adapter
Appendix D: NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
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1.2
TETRA NETWORK OVERVIEW
A short overview of the TETRA radio-communication system, the reference
standards adopted, the network infrastructures, the user terminals is here reported.
TETRA stands for TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (Trans European Trunked Radio).
The TETRA standard, it relies on a thoroughly digital technology and it is able to
offer services and performances not yet available on alternative technologies. By
using TETRA Networks it is possible to obtain a greater data transmission rate,
that is to say that you can send more information in a shorter time. This means that
you can send longer messages to vehicle drivers or that a greater number of
mobile users can be served under the same system resources. A typical TETRA
application is the managing of a great number of mobile means, where voice and
data communications can be required as well. On TETRA systems Voice and Data
transmission services are supported by a radio transmission interface which has
the following main parameters:
•
Channel spacing: 25 kHz or 12.5 kHz
•
Modulation: π/4 DQPSK
•
Gross channel rate: 36 kbits/s (25 kHz channels) or 18 kbits/s (12.5 kHz
channels)
•
Access mode: TDMA with 4 timeslots (25 kHz) or with 2 timeslots (12.5 kHz)
•
Transfer rate: 7.2 kbits/s per timeslot
•
Max transfer rate: 28.8 kbits/s (unsecured transmission)
•
Transfer rate (secure transmission): up to 19.2 kbits/s
An example of a TETRA system architecture is shown in Fig. 1.1.
The main system elements are:
•
Radio base stations (covering the whole network).
•
Switching and control units.
•
Network management system.
•
User terminals divided in:
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hand-held;
-
vehicular (or motovehicular);
-
fixed (desktop).
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Tab. 1.1:
Page 4
Acronyms related to Fig. 1.1
4w-E&M
4 wires – Ear Mouth interface
BS
Base Station
BS LT
BS Local Terminal
CRS
Control Room Server
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment
FS
Fixed Station
HP
Hand Portable radio
H-SCN
Home Switching and Control Node
ISDN
Integrated System Digital Network
ISI
Inter System Interface
LDS
LAN Dispatcher
NMS
Network Management System
PABX
Private Automatic Branch exchange
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PTN
Private Telephone Network
RDS
Radio Dispatcher
SCN
Switching and Control Node
SCN LT
Terminal
VR
Vehicular Radio
WDS
WAN Dispatcher
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Fig. 1.1:
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TETRA Network Architecture
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1.2.1
TETRA NETWORK EQUIPMENT
In this paragraph, the main characters of the TETRA radio communication system
are briefly described (see Fig. 1.1). Both the equipment of the infrastructure and of
the terminals are taken into consideration.
1.2.1.1
Radio Base Station (BS)
The Radio Base Station (BS) is a network element used to realize the
electromagnetic coverage of a certain cell and to guarantee the radio connection
with the user terminals. Each base station is able to manage many RF carriers;
each RF carrier manages four channels.
The radiating system of the radio base station is suitably configured depending on
the present requirements.
1.2.1.2
Switching and Control Node (SCN)
Another element which is part of the TETRA network is the SCN, Switching and
Control Node. The system switching capacity are mainly concentrated in the SCN,
which, in fact, controls a certain number of radio base stations, dispatch stations
and even other SCNs.
Moreover, the SCN, by using an ISI (Inter System Interface), can interface itself
with other TETRA networks and other external networks (e.g. ISDN, PSTN, PABX
etc..) through a gateway.
1.2.1.3
Network Management System (NMS)
The management of the TETRA network is done through the NMS (Network
Management System) which is implemented on a single dedicated station. The
NMS can control a certain number of SCNs and supervise the whole network
system.
1.2.1.4
Control Room Server (CRS)
The Control Room Server (CRS) constitutes the interface between the TETRA
system and the room operators. It manages a certain number of external working
stations connected, for example, through a LAN (Local Area Network).
1.2.1.5
WDS, RDS and LDS
There are different types of dispatch stations:
•
WDS;
•
RDS;
•
LDS.
The WDS is managed by an operator through a fixed terminal; the connection to
the SCN is guaranteed by a WAN (Wide Area Network).
The RDS is the radio dispatch station and it is managed by an operator through a
terminal; this time the connection to the system is realized via radio.
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The LDS is directly controlled by the room server and the connection is through a
LAN.
1.2.1.6
Terminals: fixed stations, vehicular radio and hand-held radio
Mobile stations are made up of radio terminals which can be divided into vehicular
stations and hand-held stations. Both of them can handle concurrent voice and
data transmissions and they can communicate one each other either relying on a
base station or not.
The fixed station is another kind of radio terminal and it is generally installed inside
a radio room.
1.2.2
REFERENCE STANDARD
The standards used as a reference in the implementation of TETRA
radiocommunication network are the following:
•
ETS 300 394-1
•
EN 301 489-18
•
ETS 300 392-2
•
ETS 300 396-2
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1.3
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
The PUMA T2 hand-portable radio unit structure comprise an internal alloy chassis
that supports the printed circuit board.
The front cover has a window for the display. The loudspeaker and the microphone
are housed on the front of the equipment.
The radio unit is equipped with a nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmio and Li-ion
battery pack. The main characteristics are:
Display
The radio has a large LCD backlit graphic display that provides the user with
channel information, ongoing calls information and set-up information.
The graphic display is realized with pointed matrix of 96x64 pixels. It is able to
display three rows with 11 alphanumeric characters each. One of these rows is
dedicated to the representation of the Schengen icons (the progressive
visualization of the field strength is on the left side of the display).
Two LEDs (red and green), placed on the top of the unit, indicate whether the unit
is transmitting and/or receiving.
Controls
12 numerical keys consisting of 10 digits (from 0 to 9) plus “ * ” and “ # “;
6 function keys to activate/deactivate the equipment and for navigation menu;
On/off key (placed on the left side of the unit above the display);
Red emergency key (placed on the top of the case);
Rotary volume control knob (placed on the top of the case);
Rotary group selection knob (placed on the top of the case): it is a 16 positions
rotary knob;
Push To Talk (PTT) button (placed on the left side of the case): The PTT key has
ergonomic dimensions and operation occurs with pressure on its surface. The key
is easily pressed with both hands even while wearing gloves and any accidental
operation is prevented (e.g. when the equipment is placed on its side). A special
surface texture enables touch identification of this key.
Auxiliary Key above the PTT.
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Connections
PTT microphone and lapel microphone connector (placed on the top of the case).
A general purpose external connector is located on the right side of the unit. This
connector, which carries out audio lines, serial lines and an auxiliary antenna line,
is used for the vehicular adapter and for the connection to a computer
(downloading software and configuration data).
Loudspeaker
The loudspeaker has a 40mm diameter and a 500mW output power.
The PUMA T2 layout is shown in Fig. 1.2 (the antenna of Fig. 1.2 belongs to the
PUMA T2-870 version).
Fig. 1.2:
PUMA T2 hand-portable radio
The antenna is connected to the equipment via a TNC coaxial connector. The
battery is connected through a slide located on the unit rear.
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1.4
TRUNKED MODE SERVICES
1.4.1
Introduction to speech calls
Speech calls are circuit voice connections among network users. They are mainly
classified as individual and group calls.
Both half and full-duplex speech calls are available. The full-duplex call allows the
radio unit to speak and listen to at the same time, whereas the half-duplex call
allows the radio unit either to speak or to listen in turn.
The radio unit user pushes the PTT (Push To Talk) button when he wants to speak
issuing thus a request for access to the traffic channel previously assigned to the
call by the system. In a half-duplex call, when permission is granted by the system,
only one radio unit user at a time can access the channel. Any PTT contention
(simultaneous access requests from different users) is resolved by the system
itself. An indication (audible and visible) is sent by the system to the radio unit
when the access request to a traffic channel is granted.
All group calls are made in half-duplex mode, whereas individual and telephone
calls may be made in half or full-duplex mode.
1.4.2
Individual calls
An individual speech call is a bi-directional point-to-point connection between two
terminal units such as Mobile Radio, Dispatcher, or customer’s telephone network
user. Individual call set-up uses the on/off-hook signalling indication. In this case
the call starts as soon as the called subscriber accepts the incoming call.
Individual speech calls may be half or full-duplex. Telephone (interconnect) calls,
that is calls to/from PABX users, may be full-duplex whereas the radio unit is
equipped with a handset.
1.4.3
Talk Group calls
A talk group speech call is a point-to-multi-point connection within a subset of
terminal units, such as Mobile Radios, Dispatchers, or telephone user (only as
calling party). All of these will be members of the same talk group and will share
the same talk group identity. When the group is called, all group members are
involved in the same call.
The radio unit user will start the call by selecting and talking to by means of an
open channel unaware that the open channel service is simulated within the
TETRA by means of the TETRA group call service. The radio unit user will actually
have to select a group identifier and set-up a group call. Each member of a group
shall be allowed to initiate an “open channel” speech call.
An “open channel” group shall always have Late Entry supplementary service
activated, in order to allow any radio unit user to enter an ongoing call after the
open channel has been selected by him.
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If a radio unit user calls a group that has already a call in progress, he will
automatically be included in the ongoing call.
For talk group calls, only direct set-up signalling is available. Direct set-up
signalling occurs when a radio unit automatically responds to a talk group call
without any user operation.
The TETRA System allocates channels only in cells where group members
actually are.
Two types of group calls are supported:
•
Standard Group Call: this feature is made in half-duplex mode.
•
All Call “Announcement”: This feature allows the radio unit user to place a
broadcast group call to all the radio unit users in the TETRA network. The
called radio unit users are only allowed to listen to.
Only one traffic channel is allocated for each BS where radio unit users, currently
attached to the group, are located. The traffic channel is independent of the
number of radio unit users. The group geographic extension, in terms of base
stations involved, is configurable from the NMS.
During the call, call parties can leave the call or may lost it (i.e. a party may turn off
its radio unit or drive out of the system coverage). Because the TETRA network is
not notified about it, a periodical presence checking is implemented. The TETRA
system constantly monitors the BS and it release the channel for the BS once it
has determined that all the radio unit users are no longer registered to the BS.
Unused channels, found by the presence checking mechanism, are removed from
the call.
Group calls use a hang timer mechanism. Once the transaction is over the call is
automatically released by the network unless a new transmission demand is
received from a radio unit before the hang time expires. Whenever a new
transmission request is made, the hang timer resets.
To join a talk group, the radio unit user selects the pre-programmed group on his
mobile equipment by means of the group selector. The radio unit user is then able
to receive any conversation from the group selected.
In order to speak, the radio unit user simply makes a call request or a transaction
request (depending on whether the call is still active or not), to the TETRA system.
A call can be released by one of the following two methods:
•
The radio unit user initiating the call, is allowed to release the call unless a
dispatcher is participating in the call.
•
A DC operator is allowed to release any call in which he is participating even if
he is not the call initiator.
Upon PTT activation, and while involved in an ongoing speech call, a radio unit
shall issue a speech item request. This request is managed by the TETRA System
according to the radio unit users talking priority privileges.
The DC (Dispatching Console) operator is able to interrupt any ongoing
transaction.
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To change the current talk group, the radio unit user is required to detach from the
current group and re-attach to the new one. The procedure is performed on air,
according to pre-defined TETRA attachment /detachment procedures.
On the mobile terminal, the group addresses are assigned to a group selector
which is mapped to a related Working Profile Subset (WPS). Up to six WPS,
selectable by the radio unit user, are programmed in the mobile terminal thus
providing a maximum of 96 available group addresses.
1.4.4
Telephone Interconnect Call
Telephone interconnect calls enable the users of the customer’s telephone network
to connect to TETRA users and Talk Groups.
Individual calls can be full or half-duplex according to the capability of the TETRA
users equipment.
Talk groups connections are always half-duplex. PABX user can be part of the talk
group only as a calling party, i.e., by dialling into the talk group through the PABX
interface.
During a half-duplex interconnect call, the PTT request from the PABX user is
managed by the SCN PABX interface using voice activity detection.
For an incoming call from the PABX gateway to the TETRA System, the connected
SCN can accept either direct or over dialling (see note) during the call set-up.
Note
With over-dialling the PABX user dials the PABX gateway address, whereupon a voice announcement
invites the user to dial the required mobile user address.
Regardless of where the user is located in the network, the system infrastructure
will be able to call dialled user.
When a TETRA user (individual or group) is called by a PABX user, the complete
TETRA seven-digit address identifier must be dialled.
DC operator intervention is required to call the radio unit or talk group not having
the rights to receive automatic telephone interconnect calls.
Outgoing calls from the system to the PABX, require the privileged radio unit user
to select the telephone interconnect call mode (e.g. by a functional key), and dial
the telephone number.
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1.5
DATA CALLS
1.5.1
Circuit Data Services
Circuit data service is a feature allowing a user to transfer a virtually unlimited
amount of data to an individual or group identifier.
The circuit data service employs traffic channels to establish a switched connection
among the users.
Different data rates are available according to the option of data protection (TETRA
coding) required. The following are the achievable speeds for each slot:
•
2.4 kbit/s high data protection
•
4.8 kbit/s low data protection
•
7.2 kbit/s no data protection.
The use of a multi-slot service can involve up to four slots circuit data. The
connection may only be half-duplex.
The equipment shall support single-slot circuit mode data communication in fullduplex mode. Both protected and unprotected data shall be supported with the
following bit rates:
•
2.4 kbit/s high data protection
•
4.8 kbit/s low data protection
•
7.2 kbit/s no data protection.
During the circuit call set-up, the selected speed and use of data protection must
be specified.
1.5.2
Short Data Service
This feature allows a user to transfer limited amounts of data to an individual or
group identifier over the control channel.
Both status messages and short data messages can be sent to/by users already
involved in a speech call or circuit data call (individual or group call). The
messages are routed over control channels associated with the traffic channels
used by the on-going calls.
Short data services are classified as
•
Pre-defined (status messages) or
•
User-defined (short data messages).
Both services are available between TETRA users (mobile radios and
dispatchers).
Status messages are pre-defined bit configurations known to both users and the
system.
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1.6
PRIORITY GROUP SCANNING
Priority group scanning (PGS) is a mechanism by which a radio unit is
programmed to simultaneously attach to a list of talk group identities, by assigning
each of them a priority (on a per-user basis) to be used for incoming call
management.
1.6.1
Class of Usage (CoU) Priorities
The class of usage (CoU) value (priority) is generated by the radio unit user and
defines the scan priority associated to a priority group scanning list.
CoU values define the scanning priority of the talk groups. The radio unit user sets
appropriate CoU values by means of a “CoU updating” utility that can be disabled
during radio unit set-up (by default enabled). All the group identities and CoU
values of the scanning list are attached by the radio unit as a single message and
forwarded to the system. This procedure is carried out whenever a new list is
defined or the PGS mechanism is activated.
1.6.2
Scanning Algorithm
Within the TETRA system, the priority group scanning (PGS) algorithm is
implemented on the radio unit and therefore group call implementation (by the
system) can be applied even where PGS has been instigated on a radio unit.
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1.7
OVER THE AIR PROGRAMMING (OTAP)
With over the air programming (OTAP), the NMS operator has the facility to reconfigure radio unit databases remotely over the air interface, and to manage and
program talk group aliases (up to 12 characters). OTAP facilitates the centralised
programming of a talk group database in the radio units and allows an easy talk
group selection on the radio unit.
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1.8
DIRECT MODE SERVICES
Direct mode operation (DMO) is a TETRA operating mode in which two or more
mobile stations communicate together without using the switching and
management infrastructure. This operating mode is similar to the back-to-back
operation of conventional half-duplex radio schemes used by many existing private
mobile radio systems such as the emergency services.
In all direct mode operations a pre-emptive facility is included and it allows higher
priority direct mode radio units to seize the channel from lower priority users. If a
gateway is included in the call, then it is even possible for a dispatcher to take over
the call.
1.8.1
Speech Calls
An individual call is a point-to-point communication between one calling party and
one called party. It may only be set up between two radio units which have
selected the same DM RF carrier.
•
RF carrier: The operating DM RF carrier is defined by the frequency related
to the current position of the group selection rotary knob (the group rotary
knob in fact selects a group identifier and a corresponding carrier frequency
for each position).
•
Presence Check: Presence check allows the call initiator to find out whether
the called party radio unit is switched to the DM RF carrier and responds to an
interrogating message in advance of the call being set up.
•
Operating mode: The operating mode is simplex (half-duplex on the same
RF carrier).
•
ON/OFF hook signalling: Unlike TMO, in DMO there is no facility for
ON/OFF hook signalling. With DMO, response to all calls comes from the
radio unit (i.e. there is no facility to wait for the user to go off hook).
A Group Call is a two-way point-to-multipoint communication between a calling
party and one or more called parties. It may only be set up between radio units that
have selected the same DM RF carrier.
•
RF carrier: When the radio unit is working in single attachment mode, the
operating RF carrier is defined by the frequency related to the current position
of the Group rotary knob.
When the radio unit is working in multiple attachment mode, the operating RF
carrier is defined for the currently selected Working Profile Subset (WPS); the
position of the Group rotary knob identifies the Talk group to be used for outgoing
calls. The radio unit receives all the active Talk Groups calls using that RF carrier.
•
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Pre-defined Group Number (GTSI): The members of a group have one
common pre-defined number which is called their Group Number (GTSI) and
by which they are addressed. The radio unit air interface uses the addressing
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scheme for Group Numbers defined in TMO. The air interface supports more
than one group on a DM RF carrier although only one group is able to
communicate using the channel at any given time. Only one number (Group
Number-GTSI) is sent on the air interface and no acknowledgement is
expected.
•
Operating mode: The operating mode is Simplex.
•
ID number: The Talking Party Identification is supported but only using the ID
number: the alias string is not transferred on the DM air interface. When the
ID number is contained in the radio unit local agenda the alias string is
displayed.
•
Late Entry: Late Entry allows a radio when it accesses an active DM RF
carrier to enter an ongoing call if that call is addressed to a group of which it is
a member. A radio unit may access a DM RF carrier in a number of ways, for
example:
-
the user switches on the radio unit and selects that RF carrier
-
the user switches from another DM RF carrier to that RF carrier
-
the radio unit returns to DM coverage after a period of lost coverage
The user switches the radio unit from V+D mode to DM and selects that RF
carrier.
1.8.2
Short Data Services
Short Data Services is a feature that enables a user to transfer a limited amount of
data to an individual or group identifier over the control channel. Short Data
Services are classified as:
•
pre-defined (Status Messages) or
•
user-defined (Short Data Messages)
Status Messages are pre-defined bit configurations known to both users and the
system.
Both Status Messages and Short Data Messages can be sent to or by users
already involved in speech or circuit data calls (individual or group calls).
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1.9
EMERGENCY SPEECH CALL
The user can make an emergency call by pressing the emergency red button on
the top of the radio (for at least two seconds) and then the PTT button to speak;
the radio must be in the coverage radio area to make the emergency call
successfully.
The TETRA system makes all the resources available for this kind of call even if
they are used for other calls. The emergency call is always transmitted at the
maximum power. The emergency call is directed to the selected group or to a
predefined identifier, and it is the highest priority call: all eventual isofrequencial
calls are terminated.
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1.10
PROGRAMMING THE EQUIPMENT
The equipment’s operating parameters are normally programmed in the equipment
through an external PC with the aid of a suitable programming kit (described in the
relative section), leaving the user the possibility, however, of entering and/or
modifying some data through the portable unit’s keyboard.
In particular, the following main parameters can be programmed in the radio
laboratory:
•
most frequently used group numbers;
•
equipment’s identification codes, both single and group;
•
possible geographic restriction for equipment use.
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1.11
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The technical characteristics of the equipment are shown in Tab. 1.2.
Tab. 1.2:
Technical characteristics
Parameter
Value
Dimensions
Hand-portable (including standard
battery and rotary knobs and
excluding the antenna)
159x65x45 mm
Weight
Hand-portable (without battery
pack)
315 g
Electrical characteristics
Air interface signalling
EN 300-392-2; ETS 300 396-2
Power class
1W
Frequency band (Trunked mode)
T2-400: 380÷400 MHz
T2-430: 410÷430 MHz
T2-470: 450÷470 MHz
T2-870: TX 806÷825 MHz; 851÷870 MHz
Frequency band (Direct mode)
T2-400: 380÷400 MHz
T2-430: 410÷430 MHz
T2-470: 445.2÷445.3 MHz, 450÷470 MHz
T2-870: 851÷870 MHz
Automatic power control
Open Loop and Closed Loop with step of 5dBm
from 15dBm to 30dBm, according to EN 300 392-2
Carrier spacing
25 kHz
Receiver class
EN 300 392-2 class A and class B
RF architecture
Half-duplex
Audio power
500 mW, 25 Ω
Power source
NiMH 1800 mAh; Li-ion 2700 mAh;
NiCd 1600 mAh
Nominal supply voltage
7.2/7.4 Vdc
Power consumption (average on
frame, single timeslot)
Stand by:
100 mA
Receiving mode:
150 mA
Transmitting mode: 430 mA
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EMC specifications
EN 301 489-18
SAR
In compliance with CENELEC EN 50360 and with
the European Council recommendation
1999/519/CE
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Tab. 1.2:
Technical characteristics (Cont’d)
Environmental characteristics
Operating temperature
–25° to +55 °C (ETS 300 019-2-7)
Storage temperature
–40° to +65 °C (ETS 300 019 sec. 1-1 class 1-2)
Relative humidity
95% at 40 °C non condensing
Conformance with environmental standard
Cold conformance
ETS 300 019-2-7 class 7.3 E
Dry hot conformance
ETS 300 019-2-7 class 7.3 E
Thermal cycles conformance
ETS 300 019-2-7 class 7.3 E
Vibrations conformance
ETS 300 019-2-7 class 7M3
Shock conformance
ETS 300 019-2-7 class 7M3
Rain and dust conformance
IP 54
Transmitter characteristics
Modulation
π/4 DQPSK
Maximum power in antenna
1W
Power of undesired output in non
active transmission state
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Adjacent channel power due to
modulation
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Adjacent channel power due to
commutation transistors
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with EN 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Undesired emissions far from the
carrier
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Receiver characteristics
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Sensitivity
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Rejection of co-channel
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Rejection of adjacent channel
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Blocking characteristic
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Rejection of spurious responses
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Rejection of inter-modulation
response
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode;
Conducted emission undesired
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
Irradiated emission undesired
in compliance with EN 300 392-2 for Trunked Mode;
in compliance with ETS 300 396-2 for Direct Mode
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1.12
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance concerns all the actions aimed to maintain or restore the equipment
operativity.
Maintenance can be preventive (scheduled maintenance) and corrective
(unscheduled maintenance).
In order to schedule maintenance interventions it is necessary to divide
maintenance into levels according to the operations to be carried out.
The maintenance levels define the actions and the personnel allowed to carry out
the maintenance operations.
Three maintenance levels are thus defined:
•
I: Equipment Maintenance Level.
•
II: Module Maintenance Level.
•
III: Component Maintenance Level.
For example in a TETRA system we can define:
•
Equipment: any radio terminal (Hand-held, vehicular or fixed).
•
Module:
a Base Band of TTU400 of the Base Station BS400.
•
Component: any part of a module (e.g. an IC).
A description of the maintenance levels is shown in Tab. 1.3.
Tab. 1.3:
Maintenance level
Action
Personnel
I
II
Replacement of an equipment
Replacement of a module of an
equipment
Replacement of a component of a
module or equipment
Operator
Maintenance technician
III
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Maintenance levels
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1.13
MAIN COMPONENTS
The PUMA T2 outfit main components are listed in Tab. 1.4 which contains the
following information:
•
DESCRIPTION
•
P/N Part Number
Tab. 1.4:
component title
PUMA T2 main components
Description
P/N
PUMA T2
1600 mAh NiCd battery
1800 mAh NiMH battery
2700 mAh Li-ion battery
Battery charger
Antenna flex
Nylon bag
Leather case
Belt clip
Aux conn. Cover assembly
User Guide
Short User Guide
Technical Manual
Battery Charger Technical Manual
Vehicular Adapter Technical Manual
Vehicular Adapter Kit Puma T2
PTT microphone with internal speaker
Earphone for PTT microphone with internal
speaker
Label microphone KA197
Label microphone KA297
PEI kit
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400: 774-0162/02
430: 774-0314/01
470: 774-0315/01
870: 774-0224/02
942091124
774-0074/01
774-0378/01
See the “Battery Charger
Technical Manual”
400 MHz: 68720-42/008
430 MHz: 68720-42/008
470 MHz: 68720-42/028
870 MHz: 68720-42/019
970-2081/01
970-1706/01
942081888
971-0179/02
English version: 779-0349/01
Italian version: 779-0349/02
English version: 779-0350/01
Italian version: 779-0350/02
779-0306/01
English version: 779-0357/02
Italian version: 779-0357/01
779-0357/03
See the “VA/T2 Vehicular
Adapter Technical Manual”
978-0312/01
69020000038
978-0305/01
978-0354/01
771-0794/01
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1.14
STANDARD REFERENCES
The Tetra “PUMA T2” is designed and manufactured to comply with applicable
standard and regulations covering the following areas of product safety:
Page 24
•
Conformance to ETSI TETRA standard;
•
Electromagnetic compatibility and interference (EMC/EMI);
•
Electrical safety (low voltage);
•
Health effects of electromagnetic fields.
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1.15
SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
Carefully read all of the cautions and warnings before using the radio:
Do not use the radio equipment for uses different than those
indicated in the manual.
For a correct use of the radio read what is listed in the relative user’s
guide.
Protect the radio from sprinklings of water and/or other liquids and
from dust.
Do not bring the radio close to heat sources.
Do not place the hand-held radio above the airbags or in their area of
action. If the airbag is activated, it may not swell correctly and/or hurl
the portable unit, with great force, inside the passenger compartment
where are located the vehicle occupants.
It is advisable to insert the battery pack into the battery charger slot
without the Puma T2 radio body.
However, when inserting the Puma T2 unit with the battery pack the
plastic septum must be removed and the radio must be kept switched
off during the whole charging process otherwise some internal
components can be damaged.
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General information
All the connectors not used during normal operations, must be
protected by proper covers.
Do not cause short circuits between the battery terminals. Do not set
the batteries on metal surfaces. Do not set metal tools on the battery
terminals.
Be careful when handling any battery, when placing it in a pocket,
purse/bag or any other container with metal objects.
Replace the batteries with equivalent batteries approved by the
manufacturer.
Replace the batteries following the instructions given in the relative
technical manual.
Make sure that batteries are not damaged and do not have liquid leaks
or evident gaseous emissions.
Do not use the radio if the battery is damaged.
Position the battery charger far from heat sources and in such a way
as to guarantee its correct aeration as well as safe accessibility to the
network power supply outlet. Do not set objects on the battery
charger. Do not use the battery charger outside of the environments
for which it was specified (ex. use in indoor environments only).
The danger of explosion exists if the (Lithium) battery is incorrectly
replaced.
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General information
For a safety use/maintenance/installation of the PUMA T2 battery
charger and vehicular adapter, carefully read the safety
recommendations in the relative technical manuals.
Use only battery chargers recommended by manufacturer and follow
the instructions reported in the manual to recharge the battery.
Do not use the radio if the antenna is damaged.
Turn off the radio or inhibit transmission, if the equipment allows it, in
electromagnetically sensitive environments (ex. hospitals, airports,
etc.).
The electronic devices are sensitive to electromagnetic interference
(EMI) if not adequately shielded, designed or configured differently for
electromagnetic fields immunity.
If electromedical equipment (ex. pace-makers, acoustical equipment,
etc.) is used together with the hand held radio, make sure that it is
adequately shielded from external electromagnetic fields.
Do not take the radio into environments that have a potentially
explosive atmosphere (ex. fuel storage sites, filling stations, etc.).
Even when it is off, the radio, being equipped with battery, might
casually generate sparks that could trigger fires and/or explosions.
Do not use the battery charger in environments that have a potentially
explosive atmosphere (ex. fuel storage sites, filling stations, etc.).
The use of battery charger might generate sparks that could trigger
fires and/or explosions.
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General information
Consider the following warnings when using the PUMA T2 in the
vehicular configuration:
— do not use the radio if the vehicle's antenna and/or the antenna
cable are damaged;
— make sure that the PUMA T2 is properly anchored during
vehicular transport;
— be careful not to damage the radio when cleaning the vehicle.
— After a long data transmission the equipment may be get
overheated. Verify that the portable is not excessively hot before
grip it for the use.
Carry out the maintenance interventions on the hand held radio
following the instructions given in the present manual.
Follow all accident prevention standards when carrying out
maintenance interventions on the hand held radio equipment and use
the proper tools (spanners, screwdrivers,…..).
First and second maintenance level interventions on the equipment
are to be carried out by authorized technicians only.
Third maintenance level interventions are to be carried out by OTE
technicians only.
Use only original accessories and spare parts, approved by the
manufacturer, suitable for the PUMA T2. The use of different
accessories and/or spare parts (earphone, antenna, etc.) makes the
safety and electromagnetic compatibility certifications to be valid no
more and it could lower the user safety level and/or generate
electromagnetic fields that exceed the accepted limits.
Follow the battery charger instructions in order to use it correctly.
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Do not use the battery charger if the power supply cable and/or the
plug are damaged.
The emergency call is a priority type call.
The hand-held radio, like all mobile telephony equipment, operates
with radio frequency signals, therefore, the forwarding of the call
depends on the network coverage at the moment of the call.
If you need send an emergency call, keep pressed the emergency
button for at least 2 seconds.
The radio complies with all product specifications and great care is taken by the
manufacturer so that user safety, as far as the effects of electromagnetic waves on
health are concerned, is guaranteed within the limits established by the
international specifications.
In order to further increase the level of user safety, we invite you to take into
consideration the following additional precautions:
The PUMA T2 radio is equipped with an automatic system to control
the power transmitted so that the radio transmits at the maximum
power only in exceptional cases (radio coverage limit, emergency
call).
Avoid touching the antenna when the radio is on and especially
during transmission because the ability of transmitting power gets
worse. When the antenna is touched, the PUMA T2 radio
automatically transmits at a greater power level than that required,
nevertheless the communication may be broken down or get
qualitatively worse.
Avoid touching the equipment during data transmission.
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General information
During voice communications in full-duplex mode hold the hand-held
radio with the antenna straight and above your shoulder and speak
directly into the microphone.
Hold the hand-held radio in the vertical position and always at least 3
cm away from your head during voice communications in half-duplex
mode.
Earphone kit is recommended when using the equipment in fullduplex mode for a long time.
When using the earphone do not allow the cable to twist up around
the radio forming spirals.
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General information
1.16
ESD PRECAUTIONS
No ESD precautions have to be taken by the operator. PUMA T2 and its ancillary
parts are designed and manufactured in such a way not to be sensible to
electrostatic discharges according to what referred in the EN 301 489-18.
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General information
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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2. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
2.1
INTRODUCTION
This section contains the functional description of the PUMA T2 equipment. The
purpose of this section is to give the maintenance technician a good knowledge of
the equipment’s operating principles.
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Technical description
2.2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PUMA T2 is internally made up of:
•
•
•
•
•
RT connector (integrated in the BB and RT card);
Flex connector (integrated in the BB and RT card);
RT logic circuits;
BB and Audio circuits;
Flex circuit.
The functional description of those components is described in this section.
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2.3
PUMA T2 MECHANICS
The following items are placed on the top of the radio:
•
•
•
•
•
•
rotary knob (volume)
16 positions rotary knob (channel/group)
one emergency button
main antenna connector
one headset connector
2 leds (on, transmitting).
The following items are on the front cover of the radio:
•
•
display window
keyboard;
The radio has the following connectors:
•
•
•
15 pin connector (PEI connector) + antenna auxiliary connector on the right
side of the radio;
7 pin connector (headset connector) in the upper side;
3 pin battery connector in the rear cover.
The PTT button is located on the left side of the radio unit.
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2.4
BASE BAND SECTION
This chapter defines the architecture (hardware and firmware), the specifications of
the individual functional blocks and the interfaces of the base band board (Fig.
2.1).
SERIAL NUMBER
PROTECTED EEPROM
DALLAS
RXD, AC/SPEN,P-AL
PTT, PUSH2, PTT-EX
ANT-EX, MANT-AC, ON/OFF
XDAT, XCLK,RSTXIC
LCD-LED
DISPLAY
SERVICE,TXD, AVVISO
BOOSTER, VBI
RED LED, GREEN LED
FLEX
CONNECTOR
(30PIN)
SDIN
SDOUT
ENEEP
SCLK
MICROCONTROLLER
P-ANT, P-AUX
CHANNEL, VOLUME
SERIAL
EEPROM
LCD-DAT
LCD-CMP
LCD-CLK
LCD-EN
ISLOTMP - INTDMA - ISLOTF
AP-EXT
AP-IN1
AP-IN2
MANT-AL
MD1-MD2-FWE
CSFPGA - RW
MICROA[0:4]
WDMICRO
RESET
MICROD[15:0]
CK9216
PRES-AL
ON-OFF
HINT
PRES-ANT
MANT-AL
SD
I/F RT
IRX, QRX
IF, QF
CK9216FPGA
RSTCMX
CMDDAT
CMDFS
CMDRDFS
CMDRDDAT
RXFS
RXDAT
KEY-LED
MICROA[20:0]
CSFLASH - CSRAM
MICROD[15:0]
LTST[2:0]
FLASH
&
RAM
KEYBOARD
TAST[5:0]
MRESET
ASIC
TIMEBASE
ITX, QTX
RX-ON, RX-GATE
TX-ON, TX-GATE
I/F RT
CONNECTOR
(25PIN)
MICROD[15:8]
MICROA[0, 12:14]
CSHP, HWR, RD
DSPRS
CKSER
SERDATAIN
SERDATAOUT
EN-DAC
EN-EEPROM
EN-SYNT
HPI
MIC-E
IQTXD
CMLSCLKB
I/F LOUDSPEAKER
&
MICROPHONE
MIC-I
I/F AUDIO
DRS
POWER SUPPLY
VCC 3.3V
VA3 3.3V
VD5 5.0V
VC2 2.5V
DSP
&
RAM
ENCOMBO
CODEC
VBI
HCS
CMLSCLKB
MIC-I/E, MUTE1, MUTE2
DXS
SSI
AIR
INT2DSP
ICML
ISLOTF
ISLOTS
SSI
FONIA
CK12.288
PLL
CK9216
CK1536
FSFONIA
Fref
Fig. 2.1:
Functional block diagram of the base band board
The board is composed of the following main components:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Page 36
Power supply
Flex connector
RT connector
Audio interface
RT interface
Keyboard
Display
Microcontroller (µC)
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Timebase
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The base band logic circuits communicate with the external accessory devices by
means of the flex connector. Physically, this is made up of a 30-pin in-line female
connector, with associated protection diodes and end resistors.
Tab. 2.1 shows the allocations of the interface signals on the flex connector and
their meaning.
Tab. 2.1:
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Flex connector interface signals.
Pin
Name
Type
Description
1
SERVICE
OUT
Service line (open mP collector output)
2
AP-EXT
OUT
External loudspeaker
3
PTT-EXT
IN
External PTT
4
ANT-EST
IN
External antenna presence
5
TXD
OUT
TX external asynchronous serial port
6
RXDD
IN
RX external asynchronous serial port
7
GND
8
AVVISO
OUT
Call inform
9
ENBFOUT
OUT
Enabling low frequency out the vehicular set
10
P-AUX
IN
Analogical signal for signallings toward mC
11
VBI-EXT
OUT
External devices battery power
12
PRES-AL
IN
External power supply presence
13
ON/OFF
OUT
Switch command on/off (from the on switch)
14
MIC-EN
IN
Differential external microphone
15
MIC-EP
IN
Differential external microphone
16
VCC
OUT
VCC towards potentiometers
17
VOL
IN
Command volume control
18
CAN1
IN
Command channel switch
19
CAN2
IN
Command channel switch
20
CAN3
IN
Command channel switch
21
CAN4
IN
Command channel switch
22
AP-IN1
OUT
Internal loudspeaker of the differential signal 1
23
AP-IN2
OUT
Internal loudspeaker of the differential signal 2
24
P-AUX2
IN
Analogical signal for signalling external audio accessory
25
PTT
IN
Internal command PTT
26
PUSH
IN
Internal command Push
27
ALARM
IN
Internal command Alarm
28
RED LED
OUT
Internal red led activation
29
GREEN LED
OUT
Internal green led activation
30
GND
OUT
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Interface signals description:
SERVICE: Digital signal to activate muting (“squelch”) on possible external
loudspeaker.
Coding: SERVICE = GND/Floating ==> External loudspeaker active/mute; open
collector type output.
AP-EXT: Analogue audio signal for single-ended driving of optional external
loudspeaker connected to the external lateral connector, with electrical level
included between GND and VBI.
PTT-EXT: Digital signal for external Push To Talk control.
Coding : PTT-EXT = GND/Floating ==> Push To Talk control active/inactive.
ANT- EST: Digital signal to indicate the presence of an external antenna.
Coding: ANT-EST = GND/Floating ==> External antenna present/absent.
TXD, RXDD: Transmission and reception digital signals, respectively, of the
asynchronous serial line for the connection to external data terminal. TTL 3.3 V
electrical levels (translation to the RS232 standard or other standard electrical
levels is carried out by an adapter circuit placed between the TETRA terminal and
the data terminal). The RS232 standard is programmable, with 1 start, 7 or 8 data
bits, possibly 1 parity check bit and 1 or 2 stop bits; the baud rates that can be
used directly by microprocessor are 110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,
14400, 19200, 28800, 57600. Furthermore, the 38400 and 115200 rates may be
used with suitable programming of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA),
which supplies the microprocessor with an additional clock.
AVVISO: CMOS digital signal to activate an indicator light on an external
accessory when a pending call is received.
Coding: AVVISO = 0/1 == > De-activated/activated signal.
The line is also used as the output of a serial line with CTS/RTS protocol, and
comprises a single hardware control line.
In order to have a CTS/RTS protocol with two control lines it must be reconfigured
as the input and the signal SERVICE as the output.
ENBFOUT: Digital signal for audio amplifier activation on the external vehicular
set.
Coding: ENBFOUT = GND/Floating == > Booster activated/de-activated. It is an
open collector type control, with external pull-up.
P-AUX: Analogue line for auxiliary signals, with electrical level between 0 and +3.3
V. Such level, quantified and codified by the µC for discrete intervals, indicates
particular terminal operational status to the application.
When this line is linked with GND and the equipment is switched ON, an
appropriate circuit selects the bootstrap from the internal ROM.
VBI: Interrupted battery voltage at 7.2/7.4 V nominal. Carries the battery power
supply from the RT board towards optional external accessories downstream from
the switch. The line is protected with a 47 Ohm series resistance. It also allows the
power supply for the red and the green led.
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PRES-AL: Digital signal with indication of presence of an external power supply
available at the terminal external connector.
Coding: PRES-AL = GND/Floating == > External power supply present/absent.
ON/OFF: Digital signal to turn the terminal on or off.
Coding: ON/OFF = GND/Floating == > ON/OFF.
MIC-EP, MIC-EN: Differential analogue audio signal coming from an optional
external microphone.
The line is supplied from the base band card to connect a microphone with
impedance of 16 KOhm, and Vpp=12 mV.
VCC: +3.3 V power supply for volume control.
VOL-COM: Analogue signal for volume control from the associated MMI circuit,
with a level between 0 and +3.3 V. Such a level, quantified and codified by the µC
for discrete intervals, indicates the power at which the audio signal must be output
to the loudspeaker (internal or external).
CAN1, CAN2, CAN3, CAN4: Digital signal for Channel Command, coming from
the switch channel with 0 and +3.3 V level. By turning the selector rotary knob in
one of the 16 positions, you can change the coding in COM1, COM2, COM3,
COM4 terminals, that are read directly by the µC.
AP-IN1, AP-IN2: Analogue signals for differentially driving the loudspeaker in the
terminal, with electrical levels of between GND and VBI. The loudspeaker
impedance must be 25 Ohm.
P-AUX2: Analogue line to indicate the type of audio accessory links with external
auxiliary audio connector, with electrical level between 0 and 3.3 V. Such level, is
quantified and codified by the µC with integrated AD converter.
PTT: Digital signal controlling internal Push To Talk.
Coding: PTT= GND/Floating ==> Push To Talk control active/inactive.
PUSH: Digital signal for signalling with auxiliary button, available for particular
applications.
Coding: PUSH = GND/Floating. ==> Push To Talk command active/inactive.
ALARM: Digital signal for signalling with auxiliary button, for alarm signal.
Coding: ALARM = GND/Floating. ==> Alarm command active/inactive.
RED LED, GREEN LED: Closing red/green led supply voltage. A 1 KOhm
resistance (placed on the base band card) limits the current.
The RT connector exchanges signals between the BB and the RT board and it is
integrated. Physically, it is made up of a connector having 25 in-line pins, male
from the base band side.
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Technical description
Tab. 2.2 shows the interface signals allocation on the I/F RT connector and their
meaning.
Tab. 2.2:
I/F RT connector interface signals
Pin
Name
Type
Description
1
ITX
OUT
Base band I signal from CMX980 to the transmitter
2
QTX
OUT
Base band Q signal from CMX980 to the transmitter
3
IRX
IN
Base band I signal from the receiver to CMX980
4
QRX
IN
Base band Q signal from the receiver to CMX980
5
IF
IN
Base band I signal from the transmitter to CMX980
6
QF
IN
Base band Q signal from the transmitter to CMX980
7
RX-GATE
OUT
From FPGA to RT
8
ON/OFF
OUT
On/off to RT
9
MANT-AL
OUT
Equipment maintained power supply to RT
10
SD
OUT
Shut down towards RT (transmitter)
11
PRES-AL
OUT
Internal/external power supply to RT
12
RX-ON
OUT
From FPGA to RT
13
TX-ON
OUT
From FPGA to RT
14
TX-GATE
OUT
From FPGA to RT
15
HDATASER
OUT
Data for serial output from FPGA
16
HCKSER
OUT
Serial clock for 3 DAC quad, SINT and EEPROM
17
HENSYNT
OUT
Enable serial on synthesizer
18
HENDAC
OUT
Enable serial for the 3 DACs on radio card
19
HENEEPROM
OUT
Enable EEPROM serial on radio card
20
SERDATAIN
IN
EEPROM reading serial data on radio card
21
VBI
P
Battery voltage to digital board
22
VBI
P
Battery voltage to digital board
23
GND
P
GND on connector; the common battery analogue
digital mass point
24
Fref
IN
Reference frequency from radio card to base band
board.
PUMA T2-400: Fref = 14.4 MHz
PUMA T2-430: Fref = 14.4 MHz
PUMA T2-470: Fref = 19.8 MHz
PUMA T2-870: Fref = 14.4 MHz
25
Page 40
GND
P
GND on connector; we have the common battery
analogue digital mass point.
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Interface signals description:
ITX, QTX: Components, in phase and in quadrature, of the up-link analogue signal
in base band, modulated π/4 DQPSK.
Electrical characteristics: 2.4 Vpp with 1.5 Vdc level (as in output from Dual DAC of
CMX980)
IRX, QRX: Components in phase and in quadrature of the downlink analogue
signal in base band, modulated π/4 DQPSK.
Electrical characteristics: 2.4 Vpp with 1.65 Vdc current level (compatible with ADC
input of Front End CMX980)
IF, QF: Components, in phase and in quadrature, of the up-link analogue signal in
base band, for procedure of the carrier-suppression.
Electrical characteristics: 2.4 Vpp AC, with 1.65 Vdc level (compatible with ADC
input of Front End CMX980)
RX-GATE: Downlink analogue chain activation control; open collector type signal.
Coding: RX_ON = GND/Floating == > downlink chain active/inactive.
ON/OFF: Digital signal to command on and off the terminal. When the button is
pushed it determines the ON, OFF states commutation
Coding: GND/Floating == > Change the state of ON/OFF/the state not change.
MANT-AL: TTL digital signal, for power supply maintenance control.
Coding: MANT-AL = 0/1 == > Disconnect power supply/maintain power supply.
SD: TTL digital signal controls the removal of power supply to the RF circuits on
the RT board. This control does not turn off the power supply to the base band
board.
Coding: SD = 0/1 == > On/Off.
PRES-AL: Indication of power supply present at the terminal external connector.
It shows the power supply status at the FLEX connector.
Coding: PRES-AL = GND/Floating ==> External power supply present/No external
power supply.
RX-ON: Downlink analogue chain activation control; open collector type signal.
Coding: RX_ON = GND/Floating == > downlink chain active/inactive.
TX-ON: Control of activation at maximum power level of RF amplifier; open
collector type signal.
Coding: TX_ON = GND/Floating == > amplifier inactive/active.
TX-GATE: Uplink analogue chain activation control; open collector type signal.
Coding: TX_GATE = GND/Floating ==> uplink chain active / inactive.
HDATASER: CMOS digital signal with serial data flow at 2304 kbit/s (also
programmable at 576 kbit/s) for programming the DACs, the synthesizer and the
EEPROM present on the RT board.
HCKSER: CMOS digital signal for clock transmission at 2304 kHz, associated with
the SERDATAOUT and SERDATAIN data lines, active on the uplink and only
present in association with:
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•
Programming data sent on HDATASER (24 pulses to program synthesizer,
16+16+16 = 48 pulses to program the DACs), otherwise maintained at logic 0
state.
•
Read of the calibration data registered on EEPROM at the edge of the radio
card by the microcontroller through SERDATAIN. Such a read is carried out
only when the equipment is turned on.
HENSYNT: CMOS digital signal for sending downloading pulse, active high, to the
synthesizer; it is generated by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) at the
end of a synthesizer programming sequence.
HENDAC: CMOS digital signal to enable the three 4 channel DACs. It is active low
and is generated by the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controlled by the
microprocessor.
HEN-EEPROM: TTL digital signal to enable the 32 kbit serial EEPROM on which
the main factory regulations of the radio card are written. Is active low, and is
generated by the µC.
SERDATAIN: serial data coming from the serial EEPROM. Since it is a 5 V TTL
type, it is shifted to 3.3 V TTL level to make it compatible to the microcontroller.
VBI: Voltage of interrupted battery (nominal: 7.2/7.4 V). It brings the battery voltage
after the switch in order to supply the Band Base card.
Fref: sinusoidal analogue signal; frequency reference of the synthesizer.
Electrical characteristics: 1 Vpp, 0 Vdc. It is generated by VCTXO on the radio card
and routed to the PLL on band base card by means of a suitable buffer which
provides to adjust the signal level.
The audio interface exchanges signals between the audio devices (microphone
and loudspeaker) and the DSP, both in uplink and downlink. This procedure is
monitored by the microcontroller.
The RT interface exchanges signals between the RT radio card and the DSP, both
in uplink and downlink.
The keyboard has 18 led backlit keys located on a 3x6 matrix and is monitored by
the microprocessor
The display (96x64 pixel) is led backlit and is monitored by the microprocessor.
The microcontroller manages:
Page 42
•
TETRA protocol from Upper MAC sublevel to the superior levels of the
Mobility Management and the Call Control;
•
MMI (user commands, keyboards, display);
•
DTE;
•
interface towards the firmware of the lower MAC located on the DSP;
•
terminal identification;
•
DSP operative programs download;
•
external accessories.
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The DSP manages the firmware execution of:
•
Physical Layer numerical processing algorithm both in uplink and downlink;
•
TETRA protocol relative to the lower MAC sub-level.;
•
interface from/to I/F AUDIO for the digital audio signal;
•
serial interface from/to I/F RT for the base band TETRA modulated signal.
•
execution cryptography algorithms (only for DSP320VC549-100 ECLIPSE)
The timebase has the following tasks:
•
generation of the frame clock rate (at Timeslot recurrence frequency);
•
generation of the timings tied to the voice frame;
•
generation of the timing pulse for driving the various synchronous serial links
required by the base band architecture for the interfaces between the
functional blocks;
•
serial conversion of the base band signals in uplink and downlink between I/F
RT and the DSP functional block;
•
generation of the selections for some external peripherals (of the µP);
•
integration of the microprocessor I/O gates, related to keyboard and display
control;
•
integration of the keyboard decoder;
•
integration of the control synchronous serial interface connected with the radio
card and the I/F RT card;
•
selection of the bootstrap modality for the microcontroller during Reset;
•
generation of the time base clock for the synchronous serial line in case of a
38400 and 115200 baud rate.
The PLL (Phase Locked Loop) has the following tasks:
•
generation of microcontroller frequency: 9.216 MHz;
•
generation of DSP frequency: 12.288 MHz (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430,
PUMA T2-870), 15.36 MHz (PUMA T2-470);
•
generation of Time Base frequency: 9.216 MHz.
All the above mentioned frequencies are generated by means of Fref coming from
the radio card.
For the integration of the I/O functions and the selection of external peripherals the
timebase exchanges signals with the microprocessor by the Address bus, Data
bus and Control bus.
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2.5
POWER SUPPLY
The purpose of the power supply, whose block diagram is shown in Fig. 2.2, is to
supply the voltages for the base band circuits, beginning from the VBI general
power supply voltage (7.2 V).
The following voltages are required by the Base Band:
•
VCC,
3.3 V for the 3.3 V digital logic circuits
•
VA3,
3.3 V for the 3.3 V analog circuits
•
VD5,
5.0 V for the 5 V digital circuits
•
VC2,
2.5 V to feed the Digital Signal Processor
The VCC power supply voltage level and the microprocessor switching rate are
regularly tested by the voltage monitor device (Fig. 2.2).
Fig. 2.2:
Page 44
Power supply functional block diagram
OTE Proprietary information
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Technical description
2.6
RADIOFREQUENCY SECTION
The RT board contains the circuitry for signal reception and transmission. The RT
board is made up of two sections: one contains the circuitry for transmission and
the other for reception. The RT board contains a switch block that allows frequency
changes from the receiving to the transmitting mode (see Fig. 2.3).
CONN.
RT-BB
TXGain
ANT1
I TX
ATT1
IQ AMP
PA
LINEARIZER
QTX
IF
DRIVER
ANT2
ATT2
IFQF
AMP
FILTER
+SW
I o,Qo,VI ,Vq
QF
BSW
AMP
LOTX
VCOH
Foh
LO
SW
V T1,V T2
SINT
PLL
Fref
AMP
Fref
VTCXO
Fref
AMP
LORX
VCOL
Fol
Fcnt
AD607
IQ DEM
I RX
QRX
Fref
FILTER
IQ
FILTER
Fifh
FILTER
RXGain
Fig. 2.3:
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AMP FI
LNA
V R1,V R2
RT board functional block diagram
OTE Proprietary information
Page 45
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Technical description
Transmitter section
The base band signal, represented with the two ITX, QTX components, enters the
linearizer and is converted into a radiofrequency signal.
This conversion is permitted by the synthesizer, which is also present in the
receiver section, and allows selecting PLL outputs. This is an important feature
because it allows frequency changes in frequency adjacent channels.
The switch block (LO SW), which is located after the synthesizer, generates the
carrier in the frequency range of the transmission band. This carrier is amplified
and then enters the linearizer and permits the radiofrequency conversion.
After the conversion, the signal, enters the driver RF2105L and the power mosfet
amplifier 2SK2974, whose saturated power is 38 dBm in the band of the Hand-held
radio; the output signal (E2) is filtered and after the switch block is sent to the
antenna.
Receiver section
The signal coming from the antenna, enters the switch block then the low noise
amplifier (LNA).
Voltages VR1 and VR2 coming out from the DAC RX are used in order to tune the
LNA gain.
The front end output is mixed by the mixer with the LO1RX RF. The LO1RX is
selected by a synthesizer program.
The output signal enters the mixer and is converted in the Fifh signal that is filtered
by the high-selectivity Fifh filter. Then it is converted in the Fref signal by the
second mixer, located in the AD607 and it is attenuated by the FI amplifier and
filtered by the Fref filter.
At this point it is demodulated by the AD607 and converted into a base band
signal, represented with the I, Q components.
The base band signal components are filtered by the low band filter and sent to the
analogue/digital converter from where they are sent to the base band board.
The reference signal coming out of the VTCXO is used as a reference for the PLL
and also for the integrated time base.
Description of the sections blocks:
IQ AMP
Buffer and levels’ translator (DC) from 1.5 V to 2.5 V to pilot the linearizer.
LINEARIZER
This is a basic device for the transmitter. It includes all the Cartesian loop
components.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Technical description
ATT1
This attenuator allows regulating the TX gain by controlling the TX gain value. TX
gain controls the current in the Pin diodes used in that stage. ATT1 acts on the
level of the transmitter noise.
DRIVER, PA
Amplification of the signal; with RF2105L and the mosfet 25K2974.
SW + FILTER
This block includes the RX/TX switch, harmonic suppressor filter, the antenna
switch. The overall loss is about 1dB.
ATT2
This attenuator regulates the signal level towards the linearizer.
IFQF AMP
This block amplifies the IF and QF signals coming from the reaction chain of the
linearizer.
LNA
This amplifier is the first stage of the amplifier, with a 13 dB gain in the band of the
received signal. It is made up of one active stage and end electronic tuning three
cells filter. VR1, VR2, allows the tuning.
FILTER AT Fifh
This is a quartz filter between two active stages with a 15 kHz, –3dB band.
Therefore, it is necessary to cover the signal distortion with a static equalizer in
base band.
FILTER AT Fref
LC low-pass filter.
IQ FILTER
Filter band 12 kHz.
Tab. 2.3:
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Signal frequnces
Version
Fifh
Fref
PUMA T2-400
90 MHz
14.4 MHz
PUMA T2-430
90 MHz
14.4 MHz
PUMA T2-470
90 MHz
19.8 MHz
PUMA T2-870
45 MHz
14.4 MHz
OTE Proprietary information
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Technical description
VCOH (SYNTH)
The oscillator operates at the frequency Foh, and the final stage selects the
second harmonic. The BSW selects the B bands as shown in Tab. 2.4:
Tab. 2.4:
VCO frequencies
Version
PUMA T2-400
PUMA T2-430
PUMA T2-470
PUMA T2-870
TX/RX
B (MHz)
Foh (MHz)
BSW (V)
TX
380÷400
190÷200
5
RX
380÷400
235÷245
0
TX
410÷430
205÷215
5
RX
410÷430
250÷260
0
TX
445÷470
225.5÷235
5
RX
445÷470
267.5÷280
0
TX
806÷825
403÷412.5
5
RX
851÷870
403÷412.5
5
TX
851÷870
425÷435
0
VCOL
This oscillator is used during the second conversion in the receiver section with the
Fol frequency according to Tab. 2.5.
Tab. 2.5:
VCOL frequencies
Version
Fol
PUMA T2-400
75.6 MHz
PUMA T2-430
75.6 MHz
PUMA T2-470
70.2 MHz
PUMA T2-870
59.4 MHz
AMPLOTX
This band pass filter filters the VCOH second harmonic (electronic tuning). The
tuning is set with VT1 e VT2. The output level is +16 dBm.
AMPLORX
This selective amplifier gives the input for the first mixer in the receiving section.
The output level is +5 dBm.
The figure in the following page shows the power supply and control signals for the
transmitter and the receiver block.
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Technical Handbook
Technical description
PA
SW
CONN.
RT-BB
VBAT
MANTAL
PRES_AL
DRIVER
PA
R/T SW
VEXT
PS
SW
5VA
ON/OFF
IQ AMP
LO SW
AMPLOTX
I FQF AMP
LO SW
AMPLORX
VBI
TXON
SINT
DAC 1,2,3
RXON
RXG
SD
EEPROM
5VB
S.PRT
LINEARIZER
.
LNA
45MHz FILTER
AD607
IQ FILTER
DAC1
I0
VI
V R1
TXGain
5VC
EEPROM
SINT
DAC2
5VD
DAC3
Fig. 2.4:
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SINT
V T1
V T2
V0
Power supply and control signal functional block diagram
OTE Proprietary information
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Technical description
2.7
EXTERNAL CONNECTORS
The PEI connector (15 pins) is placed on the right side of the radio unit. The
headset connector (7 pins) is placed on the top of the radio unit. Their pin-out are
shown in Tab. 2.6 and Tab. 2.7.
Tab. 2.6:
External connector
Pin
Description
1
External microphone (+)
2
GND
3
External microphone (-)
4
External PTT
5
Power supply presence
6
External loudspeaker
7
GND
8
Service
9
Serial asynchronous line (TX)
10
Warning
11
Antenna presence
12
VBI-EXT
13
To enable low frequency
14
External accessory
15
Serial asynchronous line (RX)
16
Antenna auxiliary connector
Fig. 2.5:
Page 50
Tab. 2.7:
Headset connector
Pin
Description
1
GND
2
External microphone (-)
3
External microphone (+)
4
External PTT
5
AP-EXT
6
P-AUX2
7
VBI-EXT
PEI connector
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Technical Handbook
Installation
3. INSTALLATION
3.1
INTRODUCTION
This section contains the unpacking/re-packing instructions together with the
storage, transport and installation requirements.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Installation
3.2
3.2.1
UNPACKING/RE-PACKING INSTRUCTIONS AND
STORAGE/TRANSPORT REQUIREMENTS
Unpacking
No particular requirements are necessary for the unpacking. However, it is
advisable to leave the material in its original packaging until it is required for use.
Once the packaging is opened, make sure that all the items listed in the forwarding
document are present.
After checking the above mentioned document, examine the equipment and
accessories and ensure that no damage was sustained during transportation and
storage.
Save the original packaging for possible future use.
3.2.2
Storage
This paragraph is addressed to the personnel responsible for receiving and storing
the equipment when this is not required for immediate use.
Avoid impact or excessive pressure to the packaging in order to prevent damage to
the contents.
The unopened package may be stored in an environment having a temperature
between -40°C and +65°C and a relative humidity not exceeding 95%.
3.2.3
Re-packing and transport
The packing criteria may differ according to the means of transport and storage, to
the period of non-use and to the storage period.
The original packaging is adequate for all normal purposes and within the above
limits.
It is advisable to re-use the original packaging for both transport and storage.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Setting Up
4. SETTING UP
4.1
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the way to configure a TETRA hand-held radio terminal by
using a suitable tool installed in a PC. This tool, the Programming Package, will be
referred to as PRP, in the following description.
For further details about PRP see the relevant user guide P/N 779-0379/01.
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Technical Handbook
Setting Up
4.2
SETTINGS
4.2.1
HW/SW Configurations
The PC where the PRP is installed must have the following minimum configuration:
•
128 Mb RAM;
•
one or more serial ports;
•
minimum graphic resolution: 640 x 480 pixels;
•
operating system: Windows (95, 98 o NT).
The PRP installation is carried out from the PC control Panel or, simply, by
executing the file “Setup.exe”, and is completely driven by operating system. A decompression .zip file is not required.
4.2.2
Connecting the equipment and the computer
The connection between the radio and the computer is carried out via an RS232
serial line by means of the relevant programming kit. This kit contains the cable
and the adapter to be connected to the connector on the right side of the radio.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Setting Up
4.3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The PRP is mainly composed of:
1.
an application, resident on the PC, able to manage and carry out the complete
configuration of a set of radios;
2.
a communication protocol to transfer the information from the PC to the radio
terminals;
3.
a Boot software to be installed on the equipment to enable communication
with the PC.
The main functions, allowed by the MMI of the PRP, are the following:
•
downloading of the Boot software into the radio terminal;
•
downloading of the code of the equipment;
•
downloading of the firmware of the equipment;
•
downloading of the equipment data configuration;
•
uploading the configuration of the data contained in the database of the radio
terminal and, consequently:
•
displaying the uploaded data;
•
saving the uploaded data of the PC database;
•
comparing the uploaded data from the radio terminal database and the data
stored in the PC database.
Therefore the MMI provides the interface for managing the database and the
users.
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Setting Up
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Disposal
5. DISPOSAL
5.1
INTRODUCTION
General instructions for the disposal of hazardous materials are contained in this
chapter.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Disposal
5.2
DISMANTLING AND DISPOSAL
When the equipment described in this technical manual comes to the end of its life
cycle and is removed from service, special precautions must be taken during the
dismantling and disposal phases.
National legislation and/or local regulations in effect regarding health, safety and
the environment must be carefully followed.
The owner is responsible for the dismantling of the equipment being compelled to
safely disconnect it from supplies, cables and services before entrusting it to an
authorized disposal and placement company.
It is furthermore necessary that the disposal company is aware that the equipment
is destined for disposal and NOT for re-use.
The nature of any hazard or any hazardous material contained in the equipment
must be notified to the disposal company.
These hazards may include:
•
Heavy weight of the equipment;
•
Flammable materials;
•
Potentially harmful, corrosive or toxic substances and materials.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Disposal
5.3
PROVISIONS FOR RE-USE
Whenever the equipment is destined for sale in order to be re-used, the new owner
of the equipment must comply with the laws and regulations in effect in the new
country-of-use, and assume the responsibility for the health and safety of the
personnel and the environment as well.
It is essential for the owner to supply the potential purchaser with a copy of this
technical manual, containing the instructions for safe operation and the procedures
to identify potential hazards. In any case, the owner must inform the potential
purchaser, in writing, of these hazards.
OTE disclaims all responsibility for the equipment once it is scrapped or re-sold.
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Disposal
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
6. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
In this section the information necessary to carry out the preventive maintenance
operations on the portable radio equipment PUMA T2 is gathered.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
6.1
INTRODUCTION
The preventive maintenance operations required by the equipment taken into
consideration are substantially limited to a regular control of their efficiency, a
visual inspection and cleaning.
The tools and the consumable materials needed to carry out the maintenance
activities are listed, when required, together with the procedures to be followed to
carry out the operations. Moreover operations periodicity and maintenance levels
are also described.
All the information is gathered in the proper preventive maintenance (PM) forms.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
6.2
COLLECTION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE FORMS
In this chapter all the PM forms describing the relative preventive maintenance
operations to be carried out on the portable radio terminal PUMA T2 are gathered.
All the forms are sequentially numbered.
The operations to be carried out are summarised in Tab. 6.1.
Tab. 6.1:
Summary of the preventive maintenance operations
Description
P/N: 779-0306/01
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Equipment
Periodicity
Form N°
Visual check and cleaning
PUMA T2
1 Month
PM-01
Functional check
PUMA T2
1 Month
PM-02
Contacts/connectors check
PUMA T2
6 Months
PM-03
OTE Proprietary information
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Preventive Maintenance
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
PM-01
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Visual check and cleaning
Required tools
Consumable materials
- Soft brush
- Soft cloth
- None
Recurrence
Maintenance level
1 Month
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceed.
• Visually check the general condition of the portable radio, check that all the connector
covers are in good repair and that they are correctly close. When required replace them
as described in the CM-04 form.
• Clean the external parts of the portable radio; remove the dust with a brush and the
possible stains with a soft cloth. Both the brush and the cloth must be dry or hardly wet.
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Page 65
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Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Form number
PM-01
Page
Equipment
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
PM-02
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Functional check
Required tools
Consumable materials
- None
- None
Recurrence
Maintenance level
1 Month
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• Check the keyboard and PTT key correct working.
• Check that the radio terminal start-up procedure is correct when the radio terminal is
turned on. Also check all its available working modalities.
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Page 67
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Form number
PM-02
Page
Equipment
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
PM-03
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Contact/connector check
Required tools
Consumable materials
- Soft brush
- Soft cloth
- De-oxidizing spray
Recurrence
Maintenance level
6 Months
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• Check that the contacts between the phone and the battery are clean and in good repair.
Check all the other contacts of the phone.
• Check that the antenna and its connector are in good repair.
• Check that the battery and its contacts are in good repair. The battery mustn’t have any
liquid or gaseous leak.
• When required, remove the dust and the dirt with a soft brush and clean the contacts by
using a de-oxidizing spray.
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Technical Handbook
Preventive Maintenance
Form number
PM-03
Page
Equipment
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
7. TROUBLESHOOTING
The portable radio PUMA T2 troubleshooting techniques are described in this
section. These techniques are meant to find out failures that cause a bad
functioning of the equipment.
The information given in this manual takes into consideration the fact that all the III
level maintenance operations will be done only by the OTE assistance technicians.
The descriptions of the replacement procedures which can be done by the
purchaser are detailed in section 8 of this technical manual.
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Troubleshooting
7.1
INTRODUCTION
The troubleshooting procedures are shown in flow diagrams (see par. 7.3.1). The
tests to be carried out by the use of the Radio Test Set on the radio terminal PUMA
T2 are described in chapter 7.2. These tests are aimed to find out whether or not
the equipment works correctly, under a radio point of view. If not, it must be sent to
the OTE assistance centre.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
7.2
RADIO TESTS WITH THE RADIO TEST SET
7.2.1
Tests with Radio Test Set
To carry out the Power Test and the Sensitivity Test on the radio terminal, you
need a TETRA RADIO TEST SET (IFR) with the power supply cable and a TNC
cable, as well as the radio terminal to be tested.
Note
Several functions can be active on the TETRA TEST SET, depending on the release.
To carry out the test:
•
turn off the RADIO;
•
disconnect the antenna from the RADIO and replace it with the TNC cable;
•
connect the other end of the TNC cable to the TETRA RADIO TEST SET; turn
on the TETRA RADIO TEST SET (see Fig. 7.1).
Note
If the radio terminal to be tested is a portable one (Puma T2/T3), connect to the test set on the most
sensitive RF connector (1W); to select this connector, press the “RF select” button; the two leds next to
the connection selected will light up. By default, the Tetra Radio Test Set sets itself on the least
sensitive RF connection (150 W), signaling it with the lighting up of the relative leds; this connection
should be used in all cases in which the radio to be tested supplies a maximum power greater than 1
Watt.
Fig. 7.1:
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1
RF connection 150 W
2
Led signaling RF connection, 150 W
3
RF connection 1 W
4
Led signaling RF connection, 1 W
5
“RF select” button
6
Adjustment knob
7
“Enter” keys
8
Display
9
Keys to the left of screen
10
Keys to the right of screen
11
Keys under screen
Tetra Radio Test Set
OTE Proprietary information
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Troubleshooting
When the TETRA RADIO TEST SET is turned on, a screen appears on the display
with the initials IFR; the test set saves the data relative to the last test carried out in
the memory.
By default, the TETRA RADIO TEST SET sets itself in analog mode; to select
digital mode, press the ”SYSTEMS” key (see Fig. 7.2) to load the TETRA protocol.
Fig. 7.2:
SYSTEMS key
Before carrying out the test, it is necessary to know which channels are set on the
terminal (setting from PRP). Even if there is more than one channel set, it is
sufficient to consider just one of them for the purposes of the test.
When the “TETRA MOBILE” key is pressed from among the keys to the right of the
display (see Fig. 7.3) and, subsequently, when the key in correspondence to “SETUP” is pressed (from among the keys to the left of the display), a screen appears
on the display that allows visualizing “SYSTEM PARAMETERS”; press the
“CHANNEL PLAN” key to carry out the search for the reference frequency of the
terminal being tested (see Fig. 7.4).
Fig. 7.3:
Page 74
System selection
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Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
Fig. 7.4:
Channel selection
Once the frequency has been found, confirm it by pressing the key that
corresponds to the operating frequency of the terminal from among those located
to the right of the display; the test set finds the frequency band and, when the
“CONTROL CHANNEL” button is pressed, shows all of the available parameters.
Enter the value of the parameters using the numeric pad (see Fig. 7.5).
Fig. 7.5:
DATA keys
For example:
•
Control Channel:
2496;
•
Traffic Channel:
2496;
•
Time slot:
3 (select from 1 to 4);
•
Mobile Country Code: 420 (that of the terminal);
•
Mobile Network Code: 00005 (that of the terminal);
•
Base Color Code:
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(Not useful for carrying out the test).
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Troubleshooting
Note
If the frequency band of the terminal under test does not appear among those available to the test set,
proceed by creating a personal “SET UP” to insert it (see IFR manual relative to the TETRA TEST
SET).
Press any one of the red “ENTER” keys to confirm data entry (see Fig. 7.6)
Fig. 7.6:
Red “ENTER” keys
Note
It is possible to obtain confirmation (ENTER) by pressing any one of the red keys only when you are not
required to press a specific key (ENTER) relative to the required measurement unit.
Note
It is possible to reduce the frequency search time through the “BASE COLOUR CODE” item only when
several groups of cells are found under the same area.
Once the values relative to the first group of essential parameters have been
entered (which are highlighted on the display), press the “MORE” key to highlight
the second group of parameters, in order to be able to enter the values relative to
these also.
Page 76
•
min Rx level for access: -110 dBm (indicates the minimum signal level
coming from the BS in order that it be considered by
the radio terminal);
•
max Tx level:
30 dBm (corresponds to the maximum signal level
transmitted by the terminal: 1 W for portable
terminals; 10 W for vehicular/fixed terminals);
•
access parameters:
-39 dBm (this value is given by a relation involving
two parameters, C1 and C2, to determine passage
from cell to cell);
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
•
the other parameters in this second group are not useful for carrying out the
test in question.
Press the “MORE” key again to access the parameters of the third and last group;
none of these are useful for carrying out the test.
Note
If the parameters of the first group are not entered, the test set remains in “wait mode”; if, instead, the
parameters of the second group are not entered, the test set operates anomalously; finally, the
parameters of the third group do not influence the test in any way.
A screen divided into two parts (see Fig. 7.7) appears on the RADIO TETRA TEST
SET display:
•
MANUAL TEST:
•
MODE : groups all test values
groups all of the settings given previously
Fig. 7.7:
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“Manual Test” and “Mode”
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Troubleshooting
Now turn on the terminal to be tested; it begins to search and then registers itself
with its identifier (ITSI), which will appear on the display.
When “CALL MOBILE” is pressed, the test set sends a call to the terminal under
test; when the terminal accepts the call, it is possible to check the “MODE” data on
the test set.
•
Power Profile: ( “Passed” must appear).
•
Other parameters are (see Table 1.A) “Burst Power” (it can be expressed in
dBm or mW), “Timing Error” (indicates the number of symbols read
erroneously), “Frequency Error” (frequency error) and “Vector Error” [referred
to the vector (symbol) transmitted; the mean error (RMS), the peak error
(PEAK and the residual error (RESIDUAL) are specified].
Even if only one of the parameters does not comply with the ETSI standard (see
Table 1.A), “Passed” does not appear next to “Power Profile”.
Tab. 7.1:
Parameters
Phase
Action
Expected result
1
After the antenna has been
disconnected, connect the terminal
to the Tetra Test Set as explained in
this chapter of the manual.
None.
2
Carry out the necessary settings on
the Tetra Test Set (selection of the
TETRA environment, selection of
transmission mode, operating
frequency, etc.) to pick up the
carrier.
If the Tetra Test Set settings are
correct, it receives and demodulates the
radio terminal carrier. Depending on the
test set options, various screens appear
(constellation diagram, vector
modulation diagram, etc.).
3
Check the following on the Tetra
Test Set:
RF power(1): 10 dBm/±1,5 dBm (up to
470 MHz)
RF power
10 dBm/±2 dBm (in the 870 MHz band)
Frequency error
Frequency error (2): <0.1 ppm
Vector error, mean value (RMS)
Vector error, peak value
Vector error, mean value (RMS) (3):
<10%
Vector error, residual value
Vector error, peak value (4): <30%
SYS INFO (correct decoding of
system data)
Vector error, residual value: <5%
Drawing up of Test Report.
None.
4
Notes:
SYS INFO: correctly decoded
(1): In compliance with ETSI 300 392-2 article 6.4.1.1, as recommended in ETSI 300 394-1 article
7.1.1.2
(2): The TETRA RF test set will have a precision in frequency greater than 0.1 ppm (BS diagram)
or will be tied to a higher external reference precision. If similar conditions are not complied
with, this measurement is not reliable and should only be considered approximate.
(3): In compliance with ETSI 300 392-2 article 6.6.1.2.
(4): In compliance with ETSI 300 392-2 article 6.6.1.2.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
In these tests, the TETRA TEST SET simulates the TETRA network.
Power Test
When the “CALL MOBILE” button is pressed on the test set, a call is forwarded to
the terminal being tested.
After having pressed the “RF GEN” button, vary the field using the adjustment
knob (see Fig. 7.8), weakening it and thus forcing the terminal to increase the
transmitted power until reaching its MAX power (1 W for portable terminals, 10 W
for vehicular/fixed terminals). The change in the fluctuating values (in dBm) will be
noted in correspondence to “RX GEN LEVEL”.
Sensitivity Test
The DYNAMIC SENSITIVITY tests are not carried out in the lab; for this reason,
we refer here to STATIC SENSITIVITY.
When the “CALL MOBILE” button is pressed on the test set, a call is forwarded to
the terminal under test.
After having pressed the “RF GEN” button, use the adjustment knob (see Fig. 7.8)
to bring the signal to -112 dBm, starting from a higher value (for example, -90
dBm).
The call, previously forwarded to the terminal, must remain active up to the value of
-112 dBm; to guarantee this, the terminal under test will bring itself to the MAX
power value transmitted (1 W for portable terminals and 10 W for vehicular/fixed
terminals).
At the end of the test, the operator, besides having carried out the POWER and
SENSITIVITY TESTS, also verifies the accuracy of all of the radio terminal
parameters.
Note
The POWER and SENSITIVITY TESTS are closely correlated; in fact, the power is controlled by varying
the sensitivity and vice versa.
Fig. 7.8:
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Adjustment knob
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
7.3
TROUBLESHOOTING FLOW DIAGRAMS
The troubleshooting flow diagrams are gathered in this chapter. These diagrams
are meant only for maintenance technical personnel.
By starting from a bad functioning symptom we arrive to the corrective operation to
be carried out in order to remove the failure; the corrective action can be a simple
maintenance operation (III level excluded) or it can end in sending the equipment
to the OTE assistance centre.
The troubleshooting flow diagrams relative to the radio terminal PUMA T2 are
gathered in par. 7.3.1.
7.3.1
PUMA T2: troubleshooting flow diagrams
A summary of the radio equipment PUMA T2 troubleshooting is shown in Tab. 7.2.
In particular:
N:
stands for the procedure position in the prospectus;
Description: stands for the symptom and thus the beginning of the fault seeking
procedure;
Fig. Ref.:
Tab. 7.2:
stands for the figure containing the flow chart relating to the
appropriate procedure.
Portable radio PUMA T2 troubleshooting
N.
Page 80
Description
Fig. Ref.
1
It‘s not possible to control the volume of the speaker
7.9
2
The radio doesn’t turn on
7.10
3
It’s not possible to exchange data with an external equipment
7.11
4
The equipment turns off every now and then
7.12
5
Failure in the selection of the standard operative functions and/or
in the selection of the digits from the keyboard
7.13
6
The green and/or red LED are not lit when they should
7.14
7
The display is out of order or it shows wrong things
7.15
8
The radio link, within the normal coverage area, is impossible,
intermittent or faint
7.16
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
The troubleshooting procedures are shown in the flow diagrams whose symbols
are described in Tab. 7.3.
Tab. 7.3:
Symbol
Description of the symbols used in the troubleshooting flow diagrams
Meaning
Stands for the beginning or the end of the flow diagram. The symptom
of the possible fault is described inside the symbol.
Stands for the action to be carried out. This action is described inside
the symbol itself.
Stands for a decision to be made. The question that must be answered
is shown inside the symbol.
Stands for the term of the search.
It‘s not possible to
control the volume
of the speaker
Send the radio to the
OTE assistance
centre
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.9:
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It‘s not possible to control the volume of the speaker
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Page 81
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
The equipment
doesn’t turn on
Replace the battery (CM-02
form) with one surely charged
and retry to turn on the
equipment
Does the radio
turn on ?
NO
YES
END SEARCH
Check that the
battery is correctly
inserted
NO
Does the radio
turn on ?
YES
Check that both the contacts of
the battery and those of the
radio are in good repair.
Operate, when required, as
described in the PM-03 form
END SEARCH
NO
Is the problem
solved ?
YES
Send the radio to
the OTE
assistance
t
END SEARCH
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.10:
Page 82
The radio doesn’t turn on
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Troubleshooting
It’s
not
possible
to
exchange data with an
external equipment
Are the radio
and the external
equipment both lighted?
NO
Light the radio and/or the
external equipment.
YES
YES
The series
of the external equipment
was defuse?
It is still
impossible to
exchange data?
YES Re-establish
the series.
NO
Is it still
impossible to
exchange data?
NO
YES
NO
The SW resident
on the external equipment
is setting correctly so as to
send/received data
on/from serial
active door?
NO
Setting correctly
the SW resident
on the external
equipment.
Is it still
impossible to
exchange data?
NO
YES
YES
END SEARCH
A
Fig. 7.11:
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It’s not possible to exchange data with an external equipment (sheet 1 of 2)
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Page 83
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
A
Is the connection
between the radio
terminal and the
external equipment
correct ?
NO
Restore the
connection
YES
Is it still
impossible to
exchange data?
YES
Is the side
connector in
good repair?
NO
NO
Operate on the side connector
as it is described in the MP-03
form.
YES
YES
Is it still
impossible to
exchange data?
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance center.
NO
END SEARCH
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.11:
Page 84
It’s not possible to exchange data with an external equipment (sheet 2 of 2)
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Troubleshooting
The equipment turns off
every now and then
Does the display
show the ‘battery
low’ symbol ?
NO
YES
Is the battery
correctly
connected to the
radio ?
NO
Replace the battery (CM-02
form) with one surely charged
Is the problem
still present ?
Restore, if possible, the
right connection between
the battery and the radio;
otherwise send the radio to
the OTE assistance centre
YES
YES
NO
END SEARCH
END SEARCH
Check that both the contacts of
the battery and those of the
radio are in good repair.
Operate, when required, as
described in the PM-03 form
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance centre
NO
END SEARCH
Is the problem
solved ?
YES
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.12:
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The equipment turns off every now and then
OTE Proprietary information
Page 85
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
Failure in the selection of the standard
operative functions and/or in the selection
of the digits from the keyboard
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance centre
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.13:
Failure in the selection of the standard operative functions and/or in the
selection of the digits from the keyboard
The green and/or red LED
are not lit when they should
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance centre
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.14:
The green and/or red LED are not lit when they should
The display is out of order or
it shows wrong things
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance centre
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.15:
Page 86
The display is out of order or it shows wrong things
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Troubleshooting
The radio link, within the normal
coverage area, is impossible,
intermittent or faint
Is the “F” symbol
present on the
radio display ?
YES
The symbol “F” (FALL-BACK)
indicates the reduced working
mode of the radio base station
serving the terminal belonging
cell. Wait until the base station
is fully working again
END SEARCH
NO
Does the
display show
the ‘battery low’
symbol ?
NO
A
YES
Replace the battery
(CM-02 form) with
one surely charged
Is the problem
still present ?
YES
NO
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.16:
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The radio link, within the normal coverage area, is impossible, intermittent or
faint (Sheet 1 of 2)
OTE Proprietary information
Page 87
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Troubleshooting
Is the antenna
correctly
connected to the
radio ?
YES
Is the antenna
in good repair
?
A
YES
NO
NO
Replace the antenna as
described in the CM-01
form
Restore
the
correct
connection (CM-01 form)
Operate
as
described in the
PM-03 form
Is the problem
solved
?
NO
NO
YES
Check if the terminal is able
to exchange correctly radio
signals by performing the
test described in the par.
7.2 of this manual
YES
END SEARCH
END SEARCH
Are the antenna
connectors in
good repair ?
The problem doesn’t
depend on the radio
but on the network
YES
Has the radio
succesfully
performed the test
?
NO
END SEARCH
Fig. 7.16:
Page 88
Send the radio to the OTE
assistance centre
The radio link, within the normal coverage area, is impossible, intermittent or
faint (Sheet 2 of 2)
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
8. CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
The information necessary to carry out the replacement operations relatively to the
corrective maintenance on the portable radio equipment PUMA T2 is gathered in
this section.
8.1
INTRODUCTION
The corrective maintenance operations required by the equipment taken into
consideration are substantially limited to the replacement of the antenna, the radio
body and the battery.
The tools and the consumable materials needed to carry out the maintenance
activities are listed, when required, together with the procedures to be followed to
carry out the operations. All the information is gathered in the proper corrective
maintenance (CM) forms.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
8.2
COLLECTION OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE FORMS
In this chapter all the CM forms describing the relative corrective maintenance
operations to be carried out on the portable radio terminal PUMA T2 are gathered.
All the forms are sequentially numbered.
The parts which can be replaced, at the I and II maintenance level, without the
intervention of the OTE assistance centre, are shown in Fig. 8.1.
The operations which can be carried out are summarised in Tab. 8.1.
Page 90
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PUMA T2
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Corrective Maintenance
Figure Ref.
1
2
3
4
5
Fig. 8.1:
P/N: 779-0306/01
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Description
Antenna
Battery
Radio body
Connector cover
Connector cover
Replacements at the I and II maintenance level
OTE Proprietary information
Page 91
PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
Tab. 8.1:
Summary of the corrective maintenance operations
Description of the operation
Page 92
Equipment
Form N°
Antenna replacement
PUMA T2
CM-01
Battery replacement
PUMA T2
CM-02
Radio body replacement
PUMA T2
CM-03
Connector cover replacement
PUMA T2
CM-04
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PUMA T2
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Corrective Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
CM-01
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Antenna replacement
Required tools
Consumable materials
- None
- Antenna
- De-oxidizing spray
Periodicity
Maintenance level
Not applicable
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• Unscrew the antenna (1, fig. 1) from the TNC connector (2).
• Check the condition of the connector and, when required, proceed as explained in the
preventive maintenance PM-03 form.
• Screw the new antenna on the TNC connector, assuring that the side connector cover is
locked by the proper ring (3).
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
Form number
Equipment
CM-01
Page
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
Fig. 1 Antenna replacement
Page 94
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PUMA T2
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Corrective Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
CM-02
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Battery replacement
Required tools
Consumable materials
- None
- Battery
- De-oxidizing spray
Periodicity
Maintenance level
Not applicable
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• Extract the battery (1, fig. 1) to be replaced by using the proper release spring (2).
• Check the condition of the connectors (3) and, when required, proceed as explained in the
preventive maintenance PM-03 form.
• Insert the new battery by letting it slide on the jaw (4) till it is firmly blocked.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
Form number
Equipment
CM-02
Page
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
Fig. 1 Battery replacement
Page 96
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PUMA T2
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Corrective Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
CM-03
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Radio body replacement
Required tools
Consumable materials
- None
- Radio body
Periodicity
Maintenance level
Not applicable
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• Extract the battery (1, fig. 1) as explained in the CM-02 form.
• Extract the antenna (2) as explained in the CM-01 form.
• Replace the radio body (3).
• Screw the antenna as explained in the CM-01 form.
• Insert the battery again as explained in the CM-02 form.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
Form number
Equipment
CM-03
Page
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
Fig. 1 Radio body replacement
Page 98
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PUMA T2
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Corrective Maintenance
Equipment
Form number
CM-04
Portable radio PUMA T2
Page
1/2
Operation
Connector cover replacement
Required tools
Consumable materials
- None
- Side connector cover
- Upper connector cover
Periodicity
Maintenance level
Not applicable
I
PROCEDURE
Read all the safety recommendations before proceeding.
• To replace the side connector cover we have to unscrew the antenna, as explained in the
CM-01 form, replace the connector, screw the antenna back to the radio body and block
the ring as shown in fig. 1.
• To replace the upper connector cover, it is sufficient to take the new connector cover and
before closing we have to insert the ring to lock it as shown in fig. 2.
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Corrective Maintenance
Form number
CM-04
Page
Equipment
Portable radio PUMA T2
2/2
Fig. 1 Side connector cover replacement
Fig. 2 Upper connector cover replacement
Page 100
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PUMA T2
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Battery charger
APPENDIX A: BATTERY CHARGER
A.1
NOTE
For any information concerning the battery charger see the “Battery Charger
Technical Manual”.
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Battery charger
PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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PUMA T2
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Antenna & accessories
APPENDIX B: ANTENNA & ACCESSORIES
The appendix B describes the antenna, the case and the audio accessories for the
PUMA T2 radio unit.
B.1
ANTENNA (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430, PUMA T2-470)
The antenna used by the radio unit is of the shortened, flexible type, (1/4 lambda
helicoidal) and it is shown in Fig. B.1.
Fig. B.1:
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Antenna (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430, PUMA T2-470)
OTE Proprietary information
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Antenna & accessories
The characteristics are shown in Tab. B.1 and Tab. B.2:
Tab. B.1:
Parameter
Type/Value
Type
¼ λ helicoidal
Frequency range
(380÷427) MHz
Impedance
50 Ω nominal
Polarization
Vertical
VSWR
< 2.5 :1
Max power
25 W
Connector
TNC
Total length
112 mm ± 4 mm
Working temperature range
-20°C ÷ +55°C
Mechanical resistance temperature range
-30°C ÷ +55°C
Storage temperature range
-30°C ÷ +65°C
Tab. B.2:
Page 104
Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-400, PUMA T2-430)
Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-470)
Parameter
Type/Value
Type
¼ λ helicoidal
Frequency range
(445 ÷ 470) MHz
Impedance
50 Ω nominal
Polarization
Vertical
VSWR
< 2.5 :1
Max power
25 W
Connector
TNC
Total length
112 mm ± 4 mm
Working temperature range
-20°C ÷ +55°C
Mechanical resistance temperature range
-30°C ÷ +55°C
Storage temperature range
-30°C ÷ +65°C
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Antenna & accessories
B.2
ANTENNA (PUMA T2-870)
The antenna used by the radio unit is of the shortened, flexible type, (1/4 lambda
helicoidal) and it is shown in
Fig. B.2.
Fig. B.2:
Antenna (PUMA T2-870)
The characteristics are shown in Tab. B.3.
Tab. B.3:
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Antenna characteristics (PUMA T2-870)
Parameter
Type/Value
Type
¼λ
Frequency range
806÷870 MHz
Impedance
50 Ω nominal
Polarization
Vertical
VSWR
< 2 :1
Max power
50 W
Connector
TNC
Total length
94 mm
Working temperature range
-25°C ÷ +55°C
Mechanical resistance temperature range
-50°C ÷ +55°C
Storage temperature range
-50°C ÷ +60°C
Gain
0 dB
Weight
14 g
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PUMA T2
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Antenna & accessories
B.3
LEATHER CASE AND NYLON BAG
Both the leather case and the nylon bag allow the user to perform all PUMA T2
operating functions with the radio unit inside.
Both available with belt attachment.
Page 106
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Antenna & accessories
B.4
BELT CLIP
PUMA T2 radio unit can be equipped with a clip that allows the unit to be attached
to the user's belt (Fig. B.3). This clip is attached to the radio unit on the rear battery
side.
Fig. B.3
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Belt clip
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PUMA T2
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Antenna & accessories
B.5
PTT MICROPHONE WITH INTERNAL SPEAKER
This audio kit (Fig. B.4) consists of a PTT microphone and a loudspeaker both
included in the same ABS IP54.
The microphone case is equipped with a clip used to attach the microphone to the
user’s clothes.
When this accessory is connected with the radio, it is recognized so that the PUMA
T2 can automatically switch to the external microphone audio signals.
On the top of the case there is a connector to be used with an earphone (when this
earphone is connected the microphone’s loudspeaker is automatically switched
off).
The microphone is connected to PUMA T2 with a polyuretane cable, reinforced by
a kevlar wire through the centre. The cable is provided with a connector in order to
connect it to the radio unit accessories adapter.
Fig. B.4:
Page 108
PTT microphone with internal speaker
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Antenna & accessories
Microphone and speaker characteristics are shown in Tab. B.4, Tab. B.5.
Tab. B.4:
Microphone characteristics
Parameter
Value
Frequency range
200 Hz ÷ 5000 Hz
Voltage
1 V ÷ 10 V
Sensibility
-61 dB ± 2.5 dB at 1 kHz (0 dB = 1 V/mbar)
Impedance
2 KΩ ± 30% at 1 kHz
Temperature range
-30°C ÷ +80°C
Tab. B.5:
Speaker characteristics
Parameter
Value
Frequency range
600 Hz ÷ 5500 Hz
Power
0,6 W RMS
Applicable power
3 W (DIN 45573)
Efficiency
1 W, 1m, 1 kHz, 80 dB
Temperature range
-30°C ÷ +80°C
Impedance
25 Ω
The pin of the connector and their function are described in
Fig. B.5 and Tab. B.6.
Fig. B.5:
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Connector
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PUMA T2
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Antenna & accessories
Tab. B.6:
Pin function
Pin
Wire colour
Function
PIN 1
BLACK
GND
PIN 2
BLUE
MIC-EN
PIN 3
WHITE
MIC-EP
PIN 4
RED
PTT-EXT
PIN 5
BROWN
AP-EXT
PIN 6
YELLOW
P-AUX2
PIN 7
NC
The electric scheme of the PTT microphone with internal speaker is shown in Fig.
B.6.
Fig. B.6:
Page 110
Electric scheme of the PTT microphone with internal speaker
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Antenna & accessories
B.6
EARPHONE FOR PTT MICROPHONE WITH LOUDSPEAKER
This kit (
Fig. B.7) is to be used with the PTT microphone with internal loudspeaker. It is
provided with a plastic hook to attach it to the user’s ear.
Fig. B.7:
1
Plastic hook
2
Earphone 500 Ω
3
Cable 1.5 m
4
Microphone jack Ø 3,5 mm
Earphone for PTT microphone
The characteristics of the earphone are shown in Tab. B.7.
Tab. B.7:
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Earphone characteristics
Parameter
Value
Frequency range
80 Hz ÷ 3800 Hz
Sensibility
110 dB ± 2.5 dB at 1 kHz (0 dB = 1 V/m bar)
Impedance
500 Ω ± 30% at 1 kHz
Power
80 mW
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PUMA T2
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Antenna & accessories
B.7
LAPEL MICROPHONE KA197/KA297
The main features of both the audio kit KA197 and the audio kit KA297 are:
•
The PTT button is locking in the transmission phase.
•
The lapel microphone is connected to PUMA T2 with a polyuretane cable,
reinforced by a kevlar wire through the centre.
•
The telephone transmitter is water resistance.
•
The main part is constructed with ABS material.
•
Adjustable ABS-made clasp for smooth clothes.
•
Magnetic earphone with metallic structure.
Fig. B.8:
Page 112
Lapel microphone KA197/KA297
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
Antenna & accessories
When one of these too audio accessory is connected with the radio, it is
recognized so that the PUMA T2 can automatically switch the audio signals to the
external microphone.
These audio kit are shown in Fig. B.8.
Microphone and earphone characteristics are shown in Tab. B.8 and Tab. B.9.
Tab. B.8:
Parameter/Type
Value/caracteristics
Type
Electret, Water resistant
Frequency range
200 Hz ÷ 5000 Hz
Voltage
1 V ÷ 10 V
Sensitivity
-61 dB ± 2.5 dB at 1 kHz (0 dB = 1 V/m bar)
Impedance
2 KΩ ± 30% at 1 kHz
Temperature range
-30°C ÷ +60°C
Tab. B.9:
KA197/KA297 earphone characteristics
Parameter
Value/caracteristics
Type
Water resistant
Frequency range
40 Hz ÷ 3000 Hz
Sensitivity at 1000Hz
100dB - .0008µV/1mVA
Power
60 mW
Temperature range
-30°C ÷ +60°C
Impedenza
500Ω ± 30%
Tab. B.10:
Pin
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KA197/KA297 microphone characteristics
Pin functions
Wires colour
Function
PIN 1
BLACK
GND
PIN 2
BLUE
MIC-EN
PIN 3
WHITE
MIC-EP
PIN 4
RED
PTT-EXT
PIN 5
YELLOW
AP-EXT
PIN 6
BROWN
P-AUX2
PIN 7
NC
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Technical Handbook
Antenna & accessories
The connector pin functions are described in Tab. B.10 with reference to Fig. B.9.
Fig. B.9:
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Lapel microphone electric scheme
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Technical Handbook
Vehicular adapter
APPENDIX C: VEHICULAR ADAPTER
For any information concerning the VA/T2 vehicular adapter see the “VA/T2
Vehicular Adapter Technical Manual”.
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Vehicular adapter
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PUMA T2
Technical Handbook
NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
APPENDIX D: NICD, NIMH AND LI-ION
BATTERIES
D.1
INTRODUCTION
The PUMA T2 handportable radio can be used with three different families of
batteries: NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion.
D.1.1 Battery identification
The voltage read on contact number two (of the battery) is used for identifying the
battery type. This is possible because of the different values of the resistance (see
Tab. D.1) located inside each battery pack on the second contact, according to the
battery type.
Tab. D.1:
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BK Resistor values
Battery capacity
Resistor
(1200 mA NiCd)
(14 KΩ)
1600 mA NiCd
9 KΩ
1800 mA NiMH
9 KΩ
2700 mA Li-Ion
0Ω
(XmA
(4.7 KΩ)
Li-Ion)
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NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
D.2
LI-ION BATTERY
In this appendix the Li-ion (2700 mAh) battery is described.
D.2.1 Mechanical description
The battery pack is equipped with hermetic case (IP 54 protection), it has a weight
of 200gr, the external package has a UL40 grade; the case is built up with a
GaPlast Cyxolloy C2950 plastic.
Page 118
Fig. D.1:
Li-ion battery package (rear side)
Fig. D.2:
Li-ion battery package (radio side)
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On the rear side of the battery a small hole can be found. The hole permits outgassing during the charging phase. An osmotic protection prevent the battery from
water infiltration.
An electronic circuit protects the battery from :
•
Maximum Charging current overload;
•
Maximum Discharging current overload;
•
Maximum Charging voltage overload;
•
Minimum Voltage during discharge.
On the radio side the following information
•
Note A (symbols + e -)
•
Note B (safety information)
•
Note C (identification code area)
In Fig. D.3 the identification code is shown. The code gives the exact date of
production, battery type and capacity (i.e. #021112L7 means 21 th week of 2001,
Li 2700 mAh). The symbol # gives details on the battery package.
Fig. D.3:
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Battery identification code
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Technical Handbook
NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
D.2.2 Electrical Description
The battery pack is built up of Li-ion cells, the nominal DC voltage is 7.4 V. Some
characteristics are given in Tab. D.2.
Tab. D.2:
Li-ion battery (technical characteristics)
Description
Value
Capacity
2700 mAh nominal
Charging voltage
8,4 ± 0,05 V
Most common voltage
7,4 V nominal and 3,65 V nominal (discharging @ 23 °C
C/5)
Charging type
Limited current , constant voltage
Maximum charging current
2000 mA + 2000 mA
End of charge
Low current measurements, redundant timeout
Maximum discharging DC
current
2000 mA + 2000 mA
Low cut-off voltage
4,6 V for continuos discharging
Weight
200 gr. nominal
Operative Temperature
Charging : 0 ÷ 40 °C
Discharging : -20 ÷ 60 °C
Description
Value
Non operative temperature
-20 ÷ 60 °C
Density of volumetric energy
Nominal: 360 Wh/l
Nominal: 130 Wh/kg
Safety
In compliance with UL 1. External PTC device needed
Depth
16 mm
Width
61 mm
Length
158 mm
D.2.3 Electrical interface
On the bottom side of the battery pack there are five electric contacts
•
•
•
•
•
Negative pole
Short circuit towards the negative pole
NTC
Positive pole
Auxiliary
A detail of the contacts above listed is shown in Fig. D.4.
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Fig. D.4:
Negative
pole
Fig. D.5:
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Bottom side contacts
Positive
pole
Auxiliay
feeding
Upper side contacts
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Technical Handbook
NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
D.3
BATTERY PACK LAYOUT AND PROTECTION CIRCUIT
The battery pack circuitry is based on two couples of parallel cells of Li-ion
connected in series.
This architecture permits to reach a DC voltage of 7.4 V and a nominal capacity of
2700 mAh.
A detail of the structure is given below.
Fig. D.6:
Block diagram of the protection circuit
The electronic protection circuit prevent the cells from dangerous discharging or
charging cells, short circuits or current overloads. The electronic circuit is equipped
with NTC and PTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient resistance and Positive
Temperature Coefficient resistance).
The electrical characteristics of the protection circuit are given in Tab. D.3; the
values refer to a single Li-ion cell.
Tab. D.3:
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Electrical characteristics
Description
Value
Over-voltage detection
4,35 ± 25 mV
5 mV
Over-voltage cut-off
4,15 V ± 50 mV
5 mV
Nominal discharging voltage
2,30 ± 80 mV
5 mV
Nominal cut-off voltage
3,00 V ± 100 mV
5 mV
Over-current detection
0,300 V ± 20 mV
5 mV
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•
For high voltage devices the input peak is fixed at 18 V
•
Operative voltage range 2.0 ÷ 16 V
•
Failure or critical detection may be delayed by means of external capacitor
•
The electronic circuit allows for two levels of over-current detection
•
An auxiliary internal circuit for over-voltage protection is implemented
•
Battery charge @ 0 V is possible
•
Low current consumption may be classified as follows
a)
Normal conditions 7,5 µA tipical, max 14,2 µA (-40 ÷ 85 °C)
b)
“OFF” mode : 0,2 nA tipici ÷ 0, max 0,1 µA (-40 ÷ 85 °C)
Note
Reference normative IEC 61960-2 (1 edition).
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NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
D.4
NiCd & NiMH BATTERY
The battery is composed of six cells connected in series and closed in a plastic
cover.
The endurance of every battery pack type depends on the handportable duty cycle
and on the transmission power.
Fig. D.7:
1800 mAh NiMH battery
See technical references in Tab. D.4.
Tab. D.4:
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Technical references
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D.4.1 Mechanical description
The battery pack must be rainproof (IP 54).
The battery pack must be in agreement with EIA STD.RS-316B-point 5.6 Norms.
On the back side (to the transceiver) the pack must have a small hole, protected
from water with osmotic material, to allow the outlet of gas produced during battery
charging.
Referring to the indicated drawings:
•
in the area indicated in “NOTE-A” the symbols ‘+’ and ‘-’ must be indicated;
•
in the area indicated in “NOTE-B” the following sentences must be engraved:
DO NOT SHORT-CIRCUIT
DO NOT INCENERATE
Fig. D.8:
•
Instructions on the pack
in the area indicated in “NOTE-C” the following 7-digit code must be marked:
Year contains the last two numbers of the year;
Week indicates the week numberof the year;
Capacity contains the first two numbers of the
nominal capacity of the pack, formatted as a 4-digit
number;
Type is either ‘C’ (Cadmium) or ‘M’ (Metal Hydride)
depending on the cells technology.
Capacity and Type may be omitted for 1200mAh
NiCd battery packs
Fig. D.9:
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Battery Identification Code
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NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries
Some examples of correct codes are given below:
92811C2 which means week 21 of 1998, NiCd 1200 mAh (preferred)
92811H8 which means week 21 of 1998, NiMH 1800 mAh
All the letters and symbols must be in bass-relief of 0.3 mm with glossy finishing.
The pack will be supplied with a plastic or paper small band where the following
indications must be present:
ATTENTION
New or unused for long time battery packs
must
Remain in the battery charger at least 16 hours
Before using.
Fig. D.10:
Instructions on the paper band
D.4.2 Electrical Description
The packs must be manufactured with Nichel-Metal Hydride cells only. The pack
must provide a 7.2 V nominal voltage.
D.4.3 Electrical Interfaces
Each pack on his Upper Side (to the battery charger) has 5 contacts:
1. Negative
2. Battery Identification
3. NTC
4. Positive
5. Auxiliary
Fig. D.11:
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Upper Side Battery Contacts
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Three contacts are present on the lower side:
1. Negative
2. Positive
3. Auxiliary
Fig. D.12:
Lower Side Battery Contacts
D.4.4 Internal scheme
Inside the pack six battery cells are placed as in the following scheme in Fig. D.13.
Fig. D.13:
Internal circuitry of the pack
The thermal protection (PTC) placed in series with the cells prevents a high current
from flowing in the cells. The impedence of the component must start to rise when
a current of 5 Ampère is flowing in the battery pack.
An NTC must be placed directly over the cells to be able measure its temperature
during the charging phase. Its impedence must be 4.7 KΩ at 25 °C.
A resistor must be placed between contacts 1 and 2 in order to allow battery kind
identification.
A diode (3 Ampere) must be present between contact 5 and A, as indicated.
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