CONFIDENTIAL
This paper consists of fourteen (14) pages.
THIS EXAMINATION PAPER REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTH AFRICA AND MAY NOT BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM.
ALL THE QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED
READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 50 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
COUNTING 2 (TWO) MARKS EACH
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Please read each question carefully. Each question has only one answer. Answer all the
questions.
QUESTION 1
Identify the correct answer.
______plays an important role in the relationships between states, as well as a central role in
international politics.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Authority
Influence
Legitimacy
Power
All of the above
QUESTION 2
Identify the correct answer fill in the blank space.
A state is a ______ confined spatial unit that is permanently occupied by a population.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
hub
geographically
socially
politically
legitimate
QUESTION 3
Indicate whether the following is True or False.
There an active legislative or executive power at an international level that can perform conflictcontrolling functions common within states.
1.
2.
True
False
QUESTION 4
Identify the correct option and complete the sentence.
______ said, “power is a relationship and a means to an end
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Morgenthau
Holsti
Keohane
Karl Deutsch
Papp
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QUESTION 5
Identify the correct options and fill in the blank spaces.
The most important subjective elements of power are the ______and ______of a state to use its
instruments of power.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
armed forces and morale
weapons and force
politics and power
morale and willingness
propaganda and morale
QUESTION 6
Identify the correct option.
The structure of the international system explains certain prominent patterns of international political
conduct.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Neo-realists view
Anarchic view
Internationalists view
Realists view
All of the above
QUESTION 7
Identify the correct answer and fill in the blank space.
The possession of large munitions supplies (especially sophisticated weaponry) is the prerogative
of ______.
1.
2.
2.
4.
5.
warlords.
international organisations.
non-governmental organisations.
governments.
supranational organisations.
QUESTION 8
Identify the correct option.
Sovereignty is in essence the existence of legal authority that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Presupposes boundaries.
That is subjective to peace and security of states.
Acknowledges no (other) supreme authority.
Restricts states to participate in international politics.
Recognises the absence of a central world government.
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QUESTION 9
Identify the correct answer fill in the blank space.
According to Interstate communication is a prerequisite for, ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
foreign policies
diplomacy
conflict
governments agencies
negotiations
QUESTION 10
Identify the incorrect example of corrupt practices.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Inviting companies to tender for a public contract
Nepotism
Mismanagement of public funds
Bribery
The use of public office for private gain
QUESTION 11
Identify the correct statement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
By becoming a member of a supranational organisation, a state acquires additional sovereignty.
In a supranational organisation, decisions have to be taken by a simple majority vote.
Decisions taken by a supranational organisation are binding on all its members, irrespective of
whether or not they participated in the decision.
Decisions taken by a supranational organisation are binding on all states, irrespective of
membership.
The membership of a supranational organisation consists of international organisations
QUESTION 12
Identify and fill in the correct options in the blank spaces
The foreign policy of a state is the result of a complex process in which the decisionmakers
of the state convert the ______ of the state into objectives to be pursued in other countries.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
nature
national interest (s)
foreign policy
legislative laws
political powers
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QUESTION 13
Identify and fill in the correct options in the blank space.
According to Keohane, an institution is a fixed and coherent set of ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
rules
conventions
laws
organisations
international systems
QUESTION 14
Identify the correct option and complete the sentence.
Neo-liberal institutionalism ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
claims that security is irrelevant.
agrees with neo-realism that the international system is decentralised.
regards the state as the only actor in international politics.
sees the international realm as one consisting of independent states.
regards economics as the realm of economists and is therefore irrelevant in the study of
international politics.
QUESTION 15
Identify the correct statement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positivists maintain that states should be legally bound to one another because it is a natural
principle that this world should be an orderly and not a chaotic system.
International law consists of a fixed set of rules.
International law is a potential constraint on the unbridled use of power.
The “law of nature” refers to the sum total of the rules to which states have agreed to be bound.
Section 34 of the Vienna Convention on Treaty Law states that a treaty creates laws for all states
that are members of the United Nations, irrespective of whether or not they participated in the
treaty negotiations.
QUESTION 16
Identify the correct answer and fill in the blank space.
The sovereign state came into being at the time of the ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years’ War.
Second World War (1939–1945).
Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the 100 Years’ War.
War of the Worlds (1215–1220).
Peace of Versailles (1900), which ended the Thirty Years’ War.
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QUESTION 17
Identify the correct option.
According to which international organisation is quoted as saying “if populations grow over time, as in
virtually developing countries, then changes in total wealth should take into account the change in
population.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
United Nations
World Bank
African Union.
Amnesty International.
All the above.
QUESTION 18
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The particular focus of international politics as a field of study results from the ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
inability of the human mind to deal with the effects of geographical space on the relations between
states.
fact that wars have decreased even as the number of states has increased.
increase in the number and intensity of claims that the United Nations can and will replace national
states.
absence of an effective supreme authority capable of making and enforcing laws that reaches
across the boundaries of states.
large number of multinational corporations capable of blackmailing states into tax concessions.
QUESTION 19
Identify the correct statement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
A sovereign state is one in which the power of the church is superior to that of the leader
The death of the norm of sovereignty gave birth to the norm of universal human rights
External sovereignty refers to the ability of a government to make laws that are binding upon all
inhabitants of the state’s geographic area marginalise
State sovereignty refers to the freedom of the individual
Sovereignty is the existence of a legal authority that acknowledges no other supreme authority
QUESTION 20
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
Neoliberal institutionalism can explain the changes in the behaviour of states in terms of their use of
______ and the role of institutions in their establishment of foreign relations.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
institutions
the demarcated erosion of state sovereignty
arms control
the permanent rejection of state sovereignty
none of these options
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QUESTION 21
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
Certain prominent individuals may have a role to play in particular areas of international politics, but
their influence is likely to _______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
be too limited and sporadic to have any real effect.
increase dramatically as state sovereignty becomes the new vogue in international politics.
expand only in areas dealing with ecological matters.
decrease as a result of world poverty.
be regarded as a mere publicity stunt in international politics.
QUESTION 22
Identify the correct statement.
Conventions, these are informal institutions with implicit rules and agreements that determine and
shape the expectations of_______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
political influence
power
governments
actors
policies
QUESTION 23
Identify the correct answer.
According to the United Nations Charter, the following is a legitimate reason to resort to violence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Replacing an autocratic regime with a democratic one
As part of a United Nations (UN) or regional peacekeeping effort
The coercion of a state that is not responding to economic sanctions
The punishment of a state that refuses to sign onto the International Criminal Court (ICC)
None of the above.
QUESTION 24
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The foreign policy of a state is the result of a complex process in which the national interests of the
state is converted by the _______ of the state into objectives to be pursued in other countries.
1
2.
3.
4.
5
moral and religious leaders
traditional healers
industrial and scientific leaders
academic leaders
decision-makers
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QUESTION 25
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
Transnational groups, as actors in international politics, are characterised by their actions ______
without such actions being subject to direct control by the foreign policy bodies of the governments
concerned.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
across inclusive approach membership of the state
within the laws of the state
across the exchange rates of the state
across the geographic demarcated borders of the state
all of the above
QUESTION 26
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
According to the ______ states that “all members [to] refrain in their international relations from the
threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
diplomatic status
UN Charter (1945)
International Criminal Court (ICC)
foreign policy
International Court of Justice
QUESTION 27
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The mix of means employed by a government in its foreign policy implementation will be determined
by ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
international resolutions on the matters involved.
the specific situation of the government concerned.
the power structure of the government’s neighbours.
the number of superpowers involved.
none of these options.
QUESTION 28
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
Realists in general (and Hans Morgenthau in particular) consider the most effective technique for
dealing with the problem of power in international politics to be ______of power.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a balance
a monopoly
scarcity
a limitation
an increase
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QUESTION 29
Indicate whether the following is True or False.
The presence of conflict (even wars) in the international political system does not
necessarily interfere with ‘normal’ peaceful cooperation in large sections of the system.
1.
2.
True
False
QUESTION 30
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
Hot-line diplomacy (that is, direct telephone or teletype links between heads of state) tends to render
ambassadors ______ especially during times of great crisis.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
irreplaceable
unnecessary
unwelcome
uncomfortable
unprotected
QUESTION 31
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank spaces
Humanitarianism is described as actions in promoting good ______and promoting ______though
activism by actors or non-state actors in the international arena.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
welfare and peace
climate change and peace
climate change and welfare
welfare and human rights
human rights and good governance
QUESTION 32
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
______ is an important tool often used by states to implement their foreign policy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Intervention
Diplomacy
News
Propaganda
Military power
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QUESTION 33
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The ______ is a subjective measure of power.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
number of soldiers in the defence force
perception of power
gross national product of a state
available resources
extent of a country’s transportation and telecommunications networks
QUESTION 34
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
In peace time, armed forces discourage the governments of other states to ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
become involved in border disputes.
start armed races.
spread rumours concerning corruption.
organise multinational conferences.
put pressure on a government.
QUESTION 35
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
It is essential to differentiate between economic policy that is based purely on economic considerations
and economic policy as a means of achieving political objectives, because ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
politics is always the master of economics.
politics is always the servant of economics.
the economy is not a mere servant of politics.
politics is never conditioned by economics.
politics is the master activity in any society.
QUESTION 36
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The process of international law is not one of control, but one of interaction in which there are constant
demands on the shifts in ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
non-state actors.
rules.
communication between transnational groups.
sovereignty.
all of the above.
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QUESTION 37
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The first possible component of a national interest is the protection of the state’s ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
business.
inhabitants.
weapons.
territory.
borders.
QUESTION 38
Identify the correct statement.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kenneth Waltz identified three levels of analysis in his study of the causes of war, namely
“individual, town/city and national”.
A civil war should be studied on the “town/city” level of analysis.
“War happens because human beings are innately aggressive” is an example of an argument on
the “state and society” level of analysis.
War can only be studied on the “international system” level of analysis.
“The cause of wars is worldwide inequality exacerbated by global structures that benefit the rich at
the expense of the poor” is an example of an argument on the “international system” level of
analysis.
QUESTION 39
Identify the correct option and fill in the blank space.
The 20th century introduced a radical change in the nature of the international political system and also
in the ______.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
promotion of its image.
way in which a central authority enforces laws.
process of peace and security.
nature of communication between states.
nature of diplomacy.
QUESTION 40
Indicate the correct option.
An Ultimatum:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Is a subtle technique of diplomatic negotiation
Usually has no time limit
Is usually the beginning of negotiations
Terminates attempts to reach agreement by reasoning, bargaining or mutual consent
None of the above
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QUESTION 41
Indicate whether the following is True or False.
Sovereign states nevertheless remain, the primary subjects of political parties of a country.
1.
2.
False
True
QUESTION 42
Identify the correct answer.
The conduct of a state’s foreign relations generally is the domain of;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
the judicial power, supported by the department of justice (or equivalent).
the provincial premiers, supported by their executive councils (or equivalent).
the public service commission, supported by a secretariat (or equivalent).
the executive power, supported by a department of foreign affairs (or equivalent).
the legislative power, supported by an auditor general (or equivalent).
QUESTION 43
Indicate whether the following is True or False.
The state is the focal point of the international system and, therefore, the basic institution of the
international community, so sovereignty does not play a crucial role in international law.
1.
2.
True
False
QUESTION 44
Indicate the correct option.
States consider one another legally equal because, in principle, all are equally sovereign, that is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
dependent on one another within the international system
supreme within their own territory
dependent on outside recognition within their own territory
dependent on foreign donors within their own territory
supreme within the international system
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QUESTION 45
Indicate the correct option and fill in the blank spaces.
Global change and ozone depletion can each have important, dire consequences for
_______, and_______ might even affect the risk of future conflicts within and between countries.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
climate change and military criteria
ideological criteria and economic
international organisations and world health organisation
moral ideology and economic
human life and climate change
QUESTION 46
Indicate the correct option.
Military criteria are important in the formulation of national interest, because:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The military-industrial complex dictates the views of foreign policy decision makers
Military rule tends to be replacing democracy globally
Weapons constitute the backbone of state power
There is a lack of security for states in international politics
Military power will always be subject to moral restraint in international politics
QUESTION 47
Indicate the correct option.
The lives of the members of the national community (men, women and children and
generations yet unborn) is an important component of the national interest, because:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They contribute to the economic growth rate
They make a national health scheme possible
A nation without people often results from an internal war
The generation gap increases
A nation without people is clearly inconceivable
QUESTION 48
Indicate the correct option.
International organisations exist only because the governments of states realise that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All particular national interests are harmed by international cooperation
All particular national interests are served by international cooperation
Specific national interests can best be served by international cooperation
No national interests can be served by internal cooperation
All of the above
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QUESTION 49
Indicate the correct option.
The introduction of structural adjustment programmes by _______ are designed to solve economic
problems of states.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
International institutions
Global inequality
Bretton Woods
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
QUESTION 50
Indicate whether the following is True or False.
The international community has no such central authority to make or enforce laws, hence there is no
effective, sovereign body with legislative, executive and enforcement (the formal features of municipal
legal systems).
1.
2.
True
False
PAPER TOTAL: [100]
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Unisa 2020