Phần 1: Lý thuyết
A.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
(THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH)
Lý thuyết
* Thức giả định:
Present Subjunctive
Past Subjunctive
Past perfect Subjunctive
I. Hiện tại giả định:
1. Hình thức:
Hiện tại giả định ở tất cả các ngôi có hình thức giống như động từ nguyên thể ko có “ to ”. Từ
“that” phải luôn được xuất hiện trong câu giả định hiện tại ngoại trừ một số thành ngữ ( Nếu
“that” bị lược bỏ thì hầu hết các động từ được theo sau bởi to infinitive )
Ex: 1. We urge that he leave now.
 We urge him to leave now.
2. Cách dùng:
a) Dùng trong 1 số câu thành ngữ/ câu cảm thán để thể hiện 1 ao ước, hy vọng hay 1 lời
cầu chúc ( thường có liên quan đến các sức mạnh siêu nhiên)
Ex: 1. (God) bless you !
2. Heaven help us !
3. God save the queen !
4. Long live Vietnam !
5. Heaven forbid! (Lạy trời!)
6. Long live the Communist Party of Vietnam!
7. Success attend you!
* “May” cũng thường được dùng để diễn tả lời cầu chúc :
1. May you be happy all your life.
2. May the friendship between us last forever.
3. May she rest in peace.
b) Dùng sau một số các động từ để thể hiện ý muốn, yêu cầu, đề nghị
Advise
demand (yêu cầu)
Insist
propose(đề nghị)
Recommend(khuyên)
suggest
Request
Urge (thúc giục)
prefer
stipulate (quy định)
decree(ra lệnh)
ask
require (yêu cầu)
command (ra lệnh)
order
với cấu trúc sau: S + V ( any tense) + that + S + (not) + V ( present subjunctive )
Note: Từ “want” ko thuộc loại động từ trên
Ex: 1. The university requires that all its students take this course.
2. The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
3. Congress had decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished.
4. We proposed that he take a vacation
c) Dùng sau một số tính từ :
Important
Advised
necessary
recommended
urgent
required
obligatory
mandatory
essential
proposed
suggested
Với cấu trúc:
It + be ( any tense) + Adj + that + S + (not) + V ( present subjunctive)
Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có một số tính từ là phân từ 2 cấu tạo từ các động từ ở bảng trên.
Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.
Ex: 1. It is necessary that he find the book.
2. It was urgent that she leave at once.
3. It has been proposed that we (not) change the topic.
4. It is important that you remember this question.
5. It is important that they be told the truth.
Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở về dạng nguyên
thể có to và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
Ex: 1. It is necessary for him (not) to find the books.
2. It has been proprosed for us (not) to change the topic.
d) Tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau
nó phải ở dạng giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố trên.
demand
request
recommendation
proposal
insistence
suggestion
preference
Ex: 1. There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
2. It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court
e ) Dùng trong cấu trúc với would rather có 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau.
Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay không
còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai). Trong trường hợp này động từ ở mệnh đề hai để ở dạng
nguyên thể ko to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể ko to.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + (not) + V ( present subjunctive)
Ex:
1. I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
2. He would rather that I not take this train.
Ngữ pháp nói ngày nay đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép bỏ that trong cấu trúc này
mà vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức giả định.
II. Quá khứ giả định:
1. Hình thức:
Quá khứ giả định ở tất cả các ngôi có hình thức giống như thì quá khứ đơn nhưng riêng
với to be thì ta chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi (nhưng trong văn phong giao tiếp hàng ngày
thì có xu hướng dùng was cho các chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít).
2. Cách dùng:
a) Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 để diễn tả 1 điều kiện ko có thật ở hiện tại hoặc ko thể
xảy ra được ở tương lai.
Ex: 1. If I were you, I would go.
2. If he knew this, he would be happy.
b) Dùng trong câu ước ko có thực ở hiện tại : wish = If only
1. I wish I could speak Chinese (but I can’t)
2. If only my son were good at Math.
Note: Ta có thể dùng wish ở quá khứ mà ko thay đổi thì của giả định thức
Ex: I wish(ed) I knew her address.
c) Được sử dụng sau as if / as though để ám chỉ 1 điều gì đó là ko có thật ở hiện tại hoặc
ko thể xảy ra (ko có sự khác nhau nào giữa as if và as though)
S1 + V (present) + as if
as though
+ S2 + V ( past subjunctive)
Ex: 1. He talks as if he were my father.
2. He behaves as though he owned the place.
c) Dùng trong mẫu câu: would rather sb did sth (sb didn’t do sth) để chỉ 1 ao ước đối lập
với hiện tại
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V (past subjunctive)
Ex: 1. I’d rather you came with us.
2. Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.
(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)
3. Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Infact, it is not winter now)
Note: Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn't + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ hai
1. Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he does.
2. Jane would rather that it were not winter now.
3. I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said
d) Dùng trong cấu trúc : It’s (high/ about ) time sb did sth = It’s time for sb to do sth
1. It’s high time we went home.
Note: Nếu sau: “It’s time + I/ he/ she/ it “ là động từ to be thì ta dùng was
III. Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định
1. Hình thức: Quá khứ giả định có hình thức giống như thì quá khứ hoàn thành
2. Cách dùng:
a) Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3
Ex: 1. If I had been there, I should have understood.
b) Dùng sau : wish, If only để diễn đạt ý cầu mong hoặc giả định đã ko xảy ra trong quá
khứ.
Ex: 1. I wish that I hadn’t spent so much money.
2. If only she had asked someone’s advice
Ta có thể dùng wished thay thế mà ko làm thay đổi thì của mệnh đề phía sau:
Ex: I wished (that) I hadn’t spent so much money.
c) Dùng sau as if , as though để chỉ 1 giả định ko có thật trong quá khứ
S1 + V ( past) +
as if
as though
+ S2 + V ( past perfect subjunctive)
Ex: He looked as if he had seen ghosts.
Lưu ý: 2 công thức giả định với “ as if “ và “ as though “ chỉ được áp dụng khi chúng chỉ 1
điều đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ. Nếu nó chỉ 1 dự đoán về 1 điều gì đó mà nó
có thể xảy ra hoặc ko thì ta ko áp dụng 2 công thức giả định trên.
Ex: 1. He looks as if he has finished the test. (perhaps he has finished)
2. He looked as though he was leaving (Perhaps he was leaving)
d) Dùng với cấu trúc would rather (2 chủ ngữ) để chỉ 1 mong muốn đã ko xảy ra trong
quá khứ.
S1 + would rather that + S2 + had(n’t) + V3
Ex:
1. Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.
(Jill did not go to class yesterday)
2. Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him.
Phần 2: Bài tập vận dụng
EXERCISE 1: Circle the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1.
The boys proposed that their group leader .................. a camping trip.
A. organized
B. organize
C. organizes
D. organizing
2.
The teacher demanded that Tom ................... the room.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. has to leave
D. leaving
3.
It was urgent that she .............. the robbery to the police immediately.
A. reported
B. reports
C. report
D. must report
4.
“What instructions did your boss give you?” - “He requires that Alice ............... the
meeting.”
A. would attend
B. attends
C. attended
D. attend
5.
“What is your opinion?” - “It is necessary that an employee ................ his work on time.”
A. finish
B. finishes
C. can finish
D. to finish
6.
Dan’s parents insist that he .................... home every week.
A. must call
B. call
C. called
D. has to call
7.
It is essential that she ................... the truth about her illness.
A. tell
B. tells
C. is told
D. be told
8.
The director requests that all packages ..................... at the central office.
A. send
B. be send
C. be sent
D. are sent
9.
It's about time you.................harder for the next exam.
A. work
B. are working
C. worked
D. have worked
10. The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it ............. down.
A. would fall
B. falls
C. is falling
D. is going to fall
11. I wish they........................change their minds so often!
A. shouldn't
B. wouldn't
C. mightn't
D. couldn't
12. I wish I......................the direction closely.
A. be followed
B. will follow
C. would follow
D. had followed
13. I wished I.................on another diet.
A. could live
B. can live
C. will live
D. am living
14. Team rules require that each player …………….. responsible for memorizing one rule-and then for teaching that rule to all of the players.
A. is
B. was
C. be
D. were
15. To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills
…………… on the proper way to fall down.
A. focused
B. focus
C. were focused
D. to focus
EXERCISE 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1.
I hate driving. I’d much rather you (drive) ....................................
2.
It’s high time they (mend) ................................. this road.
3.
“I’ll pay you by cheque monthly.” - “I’d rather you (pay) ...................... me cash weekly.”
4.
I wish I (not try) ................................... to repair it. I only made it worse.
5.
I wish I (know) .............................. what is wrong with my car.
6.
Tom acts as if he (be) ....................... the boss.
7.
He talks as if he (do) .......................... all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most
of it.
8.
Barbara looked at me as though she (never meet) ....................................... me before.
9.
I’d rather you ______(not/drive) so fast, Pat
10. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather ______ (go) to Spain.
11. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you ______ (be) there.
12. John had better ______(not/speak) to me like that again.
13. He says he’d rather ______ (cook) his own food than eat in restaurants.
14. I’d rather you ______ (not/mention) this to anyone until next week.
15. Tim’s mother would rather he ______ (work) closer to home than he does.
16. Greg says he would rather ______( not/leave) things as they are.
17. She would prefer to meet you personally rather than ______ (talk) to you over the
phone.
18. Sean prefers playing football to ______ (watch) it.
19. Would you rather ______ (write) in ink or in pencil?
20. Sheila prefers ______ (get up) early in the morning rather than ______ (oversleep)
21. Would he prefer ______ (drive) to work tomorrow rather than cycle?
22. I would rather ______(speak) directly to the manager than ______(deal) with his rude
secretary as I did.
23. My father prefers to have a beard rather than ______(have) a shave every day.
24. Tom prefers ______ (ski) to ______(skate).
25. Wouldn’t you prefer to sit on this seat rather than ______(stand) for the whole journey?
26. We’d better ______ (take) some money for a taxy in case we ______(miss) the bus
home.
27. We would rather ________ (stay) at home tonight.
28. Mr. Jones would rather ________ (stay) at home last night.
29. The policeman would rather ________ (work) on Saturday than on Sunday.
30. Maria would rather that we ________ (study) more than we do.
31. George would rather ________(not study) tonight.
32. The photographer would rather ________ (have) more light.
33. The photographer would rather that we ________ (stand) closer together than we are
standing.
34. Carmen would rather ________ (not cook) for the entire family.
35. She would rather that you ________ (not arrive) last night.
Phần 3: Bài tập vận dụng theo chuyên đề
Exercise1 : Transformation.
1. Please don’t tell anyone about it.
- I’d rather you_____________________________________________________
2. I would prefer you deliver the sofa this afternoon.
- I’d rather you ____________________________________________________
3. Why don’t you ask her yourself?
- My friend suggests that __________________________________________
4. She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government.
- She urged that her husband __________________________________________
5. They insisted on my coming early.
- They insisted that _________________________________________________
6. An accountant needs to master computer science.
- It is necessary that _________________________________________________
7. It’s time for us to leave now.
- It’s time we ____________________________________________________
8. What a pity ! Your sister can’t come with us.
- If only __________________________________________________________
9. Everyone find it important for us to do something save the environment.
- It is important that we ______________________________________________
10. Michael lost his job last month, so he cannot buy a car.
- If Michael _____________________________________________________
11. He regrets applying for the job in that company.
- He wishes ____________________________________________________
12. The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing ao dai every Monday.
- The headmaster insists that __________________________________________
13. They advise her to eat less meat and fat to keep herself healthy.
- It is advisable that she ____________________________________________
14. Naturally, a child had better respect his parents.
- It is natural that ___________________________________________________
15. He needs to come to the interview early.
- It is necessary that ________________________________________________
16. She must find it important to take two medicines every day.
- It is important that _________________________________________________
17. It’s too late. He must go home.
- It’s high time he _________________________________________________
18. Every student must wear uniform. It is obligatory.
- It is obligatory that ______________________________________________
19. They recommended her to go to the best doctor in town.
- They recommended that she _________________________________________
20. The man demanded to be told everything about the accident .
- The man demanded that everything _______________________________
Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete these following sentences.
1. It’s high time we _________home.
A. went
B. go
C. going
D. to go
2. He talked about Paris as if he ____________there before
A.be
B. been
C. has been
D. had been
3. I suggest that he _______harder.
A. should study
B. study
C. studied
D. A and B are right
4. Is it essential that we _______there?
A. be
B. are
C. were
D. have been
5. I recommended that you _________the committee.
A. joined
B. join
C. have joined
D. joining
6. It is important that you ________to study often.
A. tried
B. try
C. to try
D. trying
7. Dr. Smith asked that Mark ________his research paper before the end of the month.
A. submit
B. to submit
C. submiting
D. submited
8. Donna requested that Frank _____to the party.
A. came
B. coming
C. to come
D. should come
9. The teacher insists that her students ________on time.
A. be
B. should be
C. being
D. A and B are right
10. It’s about time we__________.
A. left
B. leave
C. leaving
D. had left
11. The boys proposed that their group leader .................. a camping trip.
A. organized
B. organize
C. organizes
D. organizing
12. The teacher demanded that Tom ................... the room.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. has to leave
D. leaving
13. It was urgent that she .............. the robbery to the police immediately.
A. reported
B. reports
C. report
D. must report
14. “What instructions did your boss give you?” - “He requires that Alice ............ the
meeting.”
A. would attend
B. attends
C. attended
D. attend
15. “What is your opinion?” - “It is necessary that an employee ............. his work on time.”
A. finish
B. finishes
C. can finish
D. to finish
16. Dan’s parents insist that he .................... home every week.
A. must call
B. call
C. called
D. has to call
17. It is essential that she ................... the truth about her illness.
A. tell
B. tells
C. is told
D. be told
18. The director requests that all packages ..................... at the central office.
A. send
B. be send
C. be sent
D. are sent
19. I hate driving. I’d much rather you __________
A. drove
B. drive
C.drive
D. drive
20. It’s high time they __________ this road.
A. mend
B. mending
C.mended
D. to mend
Phần 4: HOMEWORK
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
1. Everything______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
a. will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b. would be destroyed d. would have been
destroyed
2. Supposing this ship ______, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the
passengers?
a. was sinking
b. has sunk
c. were to sink
d. sunk
3. The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
a. made
b. make
c. makes
d. will make
4. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do
b. don’t do
c. didn’t do
d. will not do
5. After the way she treated you, if I ______ in your place.
a. be
b. am
c. was
d. were
6. The idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.
a. sent b. sends
c. send d. must send
7. Its high time you ______.
a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work
8. “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I ______ able to play so well
now.”
a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. wouldn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
9. It is imperative that you ______ there in person.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
10. The atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system.
a. as it was b. as if they were
c. as it were
d. as if are
11. The management urged that the cost of production ______.
a. to be further reduced b. was further reduced c. be further reduced d. should further
reduced
12. The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich.
a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed
13. I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
a. isn’t going b. weren’t going c. will not going d. could have gone
14. I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone
15. I’d just as soon ______ rudely to her.
a. that you won’t speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didn’t speak
16. If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way.
a. should live…would spend
b. will live ….should spend
c. are living … should have spent
d. will be living…would have spent
17. It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil
18. His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning
19. We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
a. is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c. be fully discussed d. will be fully
discussed
20. ______, we could not have finished the work on time.
a. If they do not help us b. Was it not for their help c. Should they offer to help us d. But for
their help
21. Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.
a. would be b. is c. will be d. was
22. They thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness.
a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand
23. All science students, ______, should have a good foundation in basic sciences.
a. whether they are future physicists and chemists b. they are future physicists of chemists
c. they should be future physicists of chemists
d. be they future physicists or chemists
24. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.
a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited
25. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief
attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.
a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given
26. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.
a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat
27. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station.
a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met
28. We’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled
29. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I ______ of hunger and
cold.
a. would be died b. would have died c. would die d . will have died
30. Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______.
a. could be not solved b. could not be solved c. could not have been solved d. could not have
solved
……………….The End………………..
Ngày soạn: 25/6/2016
Ngày phát tài liệu: 28/6/2016
Ngày dạy: 6/7/2016
Lớp:
Số tiết thực hiện: 3 tiết
PHRASAL VERBS
Phần 1: Lý thuyết
Một số ngữ động từ thường gặp
(Ngữ động từ tách ra được)
o back up (ủng hộ)
If you don't believe me, ask Bill. He'll back me up,
o blow up (làm nổ tung)
They blew up the bridge.
o bring about (dẫn đến, gây ra)
What brought about the change in his attitude?
o bring down (hạ xuống, làm tụt xuống)
We must bring the price of/he product down if we are going to be competitive.
o bring up (đưa ra một vấn đề)
My friend brought up that matter again.
o bring up (nuôi dạy)
He was born and brought up in a good
environment.
o call off (hoãn lại, ngưng lại, bỏ di)
They called off the meeting,
o carry on (tiếp tục)
He carried on the task while others had left.
o cheer up (làm ai phấn khởi, vui ve lên)
Mary's unhappy - we should do something to
cheer her up.
o clear up (dọn dẹp, giải quyết)
She cleared up the spare room.
o cut down (giảm bớt, cắt bớt)
He cut down the number of employees in his
company.
o do over (làm lại từ đầu)
I'm sorry but your writing is not good enough. You'll have to do it over
o draw up (lập kế hoạch)
The residents of the building drew lip a plan to catch
the thief
o fill in/out (điền vào đơn, tờ khai)
He filled out the job application form.
o fill up (đổ đầy, lấp đầy)
She filled up the jug with water.
o find out (phát hiện ra)
She found out the truth.
o figure out (suy nghĩ để tìm ra)
Can you figure out how to do it?
o give away (cho, phân phát)
He gave away his clothes to the poor.
o give back (hoãn lại, trả lại)
He hasn't given back my book yet.
o give up (từ bỏ, bỏ cuộc)
You should always keep trying. Don't give up!
o hand in (nộp bài vở. )
The students handed in their essays,
o hand out (phân phát)
Peter, please hand these copies out to the class,
o hang up (treo lên, cúp máy)
We were talking when she suddenly hung up the
phone,
o hold up (làm đình trệ, trì hoãn)
I was held up in the traffic for nearly two hours,
o lay off (cho ai nghĩ việc)
His company has laid off another 50 people
this week.
o leave out (bỏ di)
He left out all the prepositions.
o let down (làm thất vọng)
He really let me down by not finishing the
assignment.
o look over (xem xét, kiểm tra)
I am going to look the house over next week.
o look up (tìm kiếm trong tài liệu, tra cứu)
She had to look up too many words in the
dictionary.
o make up (bịa, dựng chuyện)
work,
He made up a story about how he got robbed all the way to
o make out (hiểu)
He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he
was saying.
o pass on (truyền, chuyển tiếp) He passed the news all to the president.
o pick out (chọn ra)
She picked out some very nice clothes.
o pick up (đón ai bằng xe)
He had to leave early to pick up his daughter.
o point out (chỉ ra)
She pointed out the mistakes.
o put away (cất đi chỗ khác)
They put away the books.
o Put off (hoãn lại)
He asked me to put off the meeting until tomorrow.
o put on (mặc quần áo) .
He put on his hat and left.
o put out (dập tắt)
They arrived in time to put out the fire,
o set up (bắt đầu, thành lập,.)
They set up a new office in Vietnam.
o take down (ghi chép)
Take down the instructions.
o take off (cởi bỏ quần áo)
He took off his hat when he saw her.
o take over (tiếp quản, tiếp tục)
CBS Records was taken over by Sony.
o throw away (ném đi, vứt đi)
Don't throw the book away.
o try on (mặc thử quần áo)
She tried on five blouses in the shop.
o try out (kiểm tra cái gì qua việc sử dụng nó-thử)
I tried out the car before I
bought it.
o turn down (giảm âm lượng)
Could you turn down the radio, please?
o turn down (khước từ)
his application was turned down.
o turn into (biến thành, trở thành)
The prince was turned into a frog by the witch.
o turn off (khoá, tắt. .. )
We turned off the television.
o turn on (khởi động, bật lên)
Would you mind turning on the cassette player?
o use up (dùng hết)
They have used up all the money.
Ngữ động từ không tách ra được
o break in/ into (đột nhập) Someone broke into my apartment last night and stole all my
money.
o call on (thăm viếng)
He called on his friend.
o call for (đòi hỏi)
This plan called for a lot of effort. .
o care for sb (chăm sóc)
He cared for his sick father for three years.
o come across (gap một cách tình cờ)
I came across a photo of my grandmother
yesterday when I
was cleaning the house.
o count on (tin cậy vào, dựa vào)
I counted on him to show me what to do.
o get over (vượt qua)
It took me two weeks to get over the flu.
o go over (xem lại, đọc lại)
The students went over the material before the
exam.
o hear from (nhận đượcc tin của ai)
Have you heard from him lately?
o look after (chăm sóc, trông nom)
Who is looking after your dog?
o look for (tìm kiếm)
He's looking for his keys.
o look into (điều tra)
The police are looking into the murder.
o run across (tình cờ gặp ai/ thấy gì)
I ran across my old roommate at the college
reunion.
o run into (tình cờ gặp ai)
I ran into my old friend on the way to school.
o stand for (thay cho, đại diện cho)
VIP stands for "very important person",
o take after (giống ai)
He takes after his mother.
Ngữ động từ không có tân ngữ
o break down (hỏng máy)
The car has broken down.
o break out (nổ ra, bùng nổ)
The war broke out when the talks failed.
o catch on (hiểu)
He catches on very quickly. You never have to
explain twice.
o come back (quay lại, trở lại)
I will never come back to this place.
o come in (đi vào)
They came in through the back door.
o come to (tỉnh lại)
He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again.
o come over (ghé thăm nhà ai)
The children promised to come over, but they never
do.
o come up (nêu lên một vấn đề)
That issue never came up during the meeting.
o die down (lắng xuống)
The dispute had died down and he was able to lead a normal life again.
o dress up (mặc diện)
We should dress up to go to the theater.
o drop by (tạt vào thăm, nhân tiện thăm) If you come to our town, please drop by to see us.
o eat out (ăn tối ở nhà hàng)
Do you feel like eating out tonight?
o get on (tiến bộ)
How are you getting on in your new job?
o get up (ngủ dậy)
He got up early to go to the airport.
o go back (trở về, về, trở lại)
I'll never go back to that place.
o go off (nổ, reo lên)
The gun went off while he was cleaning it.
o go off (đèn, điện ... tắt)
Suddenly the lights went off.
o Go on (tiếp tục)
I thought he would stop, but he just went on.
o go on (xảy ra, diễn ra)
What's going on here?
o go up (tăng, tăng lên)
The price of gas went up by 5%.
o grow up (trưởng thành)
This is the town where I grew up.
o hold on (giữ máy điện thoại không cắt)
Could you hold on a minute, please'?
o keep on (tiếp tục)
They kept on looking for the dog.
o pass out (mê đi, bất tỉnh)
She passed out when she heard the news.
o Pull up (dừng lại, làm dừng lại)
A black car has just pulled up outside your
front door.
o set off (bắt đầu lên đường)
We set off very early.
o show off (khoe khoang)
He's always showing off about how much money he
has got.
o show up (xuất hiện)
He didn't show up last night.
o speak up (nói to hơn)
Can you speak up a little? I can't hear you?
o take off (máy bay cất cánh)
The plane is taking off.
o turn up (đến nơi, xuất hiện)
She invited a lot of people to her party, but only a
few turned up.
Ngữ động từ gồm có 3 từ
o break in on (cắt ngang, làm gián đọan)
He broke in on our conversation.
o catch up with (đuổi kịp)
She left an hour ago. I'll never catch up with
her now.
o come in for (hứng chịu sự phê bình, công kích)
He has come in for a lot of criticism
lately.
o come up with (tìm ra lời giải, ý tưởng ... )
He came up with a very good idea.
o cut down on (giảm bớt)
He’s trying to cut down on cigarettes.
o do away with (loại bỏ)
Most students want to do away with the present
curriculum.
o drop out of (bỏ học nửa chừng)
A lot of students dropped out of school
last year.
o face up to (chấp nhận và đối mặt với một điều không dễ chịu)
You must face up to the fact that you can't do the job.
o get away with (thoát khỏi sự trừng phạt)
This is the third time you have been late this week. You're not going to get away with it
again.
o get down to (bắt đầu công việc một cách nghiêm túc)
It's time to get down to business.
o get on/ along with (hòa đồng với, có quan hệ thân hữu)
Do you get on with your
neighbours?
o get through with (hoàn thành, hoàn tất)
When will you ever get through
with that project?
o keep up with (theo kịp)
Salaries are not keeping up with
inflation.
o look forward to (mong chờ)
I look forward to the holiday.
o look down on (xem thường)
He looks down on his neighbours.
o look out for (cẩn thận, coi chừng)
Slow down. Look out for
children crossing.
o look up to (ngưỡng mộ, kính trọng)
He really looks up to his older brother.
o make up for (bù đắp)
I got up late; I've spent all day making up for
lost time.
o put up with (chịu đựng)
I can't put up with him any more. He’s so
rude.
o run out of (cạn, hết)
The car has run out of petrol.
Phần 2. Bài tập vận dụng s
1. Choose the best answer.
He might be good at his job, but you can’t rely ________ him.
(A) on
(B) at
(C) with
(D) about
1.
The concert began ________ a piece by an unknown composer.
(A) on
(B) in
(C) of
(D) with
2.
Have you got time to discuss your work now or are you ________ to leave?
(A) thinking
(B) planed
(C) around
(D) about
3.
It was a good attempt, but it didn’t really come ________, which was a pity.
(A) on
(B) in
(C) off
(D) away
4.
You think that’s a good idea? I’m sorry, but I don’t ________ you at all.
(A) agree to
(B) agree with
(C) disagree to
(D) disagree with
5.
He says he’s sorry ________ what he did, so you need not get angry with him.
(A) of
(B) from
(C) for
(D) on
6.
I’m not satisfied ________ your work.
(A) to
(B) of
(C) with
(D) at
7.
I cannot be held responsible ________ other people’s mistakes.
(A) by
(B) to
(C) from
(D) for
8.
Is there somewhere I can ________ this jumper?
(A) look out
(B) try out
(C) try on
(D) look over
9.
Rodney is fluent ________ five languages.
(A) at
(B) with
(C) in
(D) by
10. Aunt Ida has never really ________ from her nervous breakdown.
(A) mended
(B) cured
(C) recovered
(D) repaired
11. He asked her so many times to do it that ________ she did so.
(A) at the end
(B) in the end
(C) to the end
(D) by the end
12. Has it occured ________ you that she must have arrived at London airport by now?
(A) for
(B) to
(C) on
(D) in
13. You must comply ________ the rules of the game.
(A) to
(B) in
(C) at
(D) with
14. He confessed ________ me that he had just been converted to some strange religion.
(A) on
(B) in
(C) with
(D) to
15. We have agreed ________ the need for firm action.
(A) on
(B) for
(C) in
(D) at
16. Can you divide 30 ________ 6, please?
(A) in
(B) by
(C) with
(D) of
17. We were all taken ________ surprise when they announced their engagement.
(A) by
(B) in
(C) with
(D) to
18. I wish you’d stop comparing my cooking ________ your mother’s.
(A) to
(B) with
(C) for
(D) against
19. He is intent on passing the examination, but I’m doubtful ________ his chances.
(A) about
(B) for
(C) on
(D) in
20. Be ware ________ the dog.
(A) of
(B) off
(C) on
(D) from
21. The waiter’s tip is included ________ the bill.
(A) on
(B) in
(C) a
(D) of
22. If you fail in this attempt, don’t count ________ me for help.
(A) for
(B) to
(C) with
(D) on
23. I insist ________ your telling me the truth.
(A) on
(B) of
(C) from
(D) in
24. Do you mean to say you have never heard ________ Beethoven?
(A) from
(B) on
(C) in
(D) of
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions
1. Before you finish this project, check _____your supervisor for further instructions.
A. on
B. on with
C. back with
D. up
2. As soon as we got to the motel, we checked _____
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. off
3. While looking for my nail clipper, I came _____a knife that I thought I had lost.
A. at
B. with
C. up
D. across
4. We've _____out of milk. You'll have to drink your tea without it.
A. come
B. taken
C. gone
D. run
5. It's difficult to _____luxuries when you're used to having them.
A. cut down on
B. cut down at
C. cut off on
D. cut down into
6. I missed the seven o'clock news on the radio this morning. I _____up too late.
A. came
B. turned
C. grew
D. woke
7. Governments should _____international laws against terrorism.
A. bring up
B. bring about
C. bring in
D. bring back
8. You can't possibly say no to such a wonderful job offer. It's too _____
A. turn it up
B. turn it down
C. put it up
D. put it down
9. Eva was born in the South, but she grew _____in the North.
A. up
B. on
C. about
D. at
10. "What _____your flight?" "There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of
flights."
A. delayed up
B. postponed up
C. held up
D. hung up
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. "Can you read that sign?" "Just a minute. Let me _____my glasses.”
A. put off
B. put on
C. put with
D. put away
2. This is Bob speaking. I need my pocket calculator. Can I have it back tomorrow I can't
_____it.
A. do with
B. do without
C. deal with
D. deal without
3. "That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazard.”
"You're right. I should _____it."
A. get away from
B. get rid of
C. get through with D. get along with
4. "You must be anxious to go on your vacation." "I certainly am. I’m really ____ this trip."
A. looking for
B. looking forward C. looking forward to D. looking up to
5. "Who _____out that tie for you?" No one, I chose it myself."
A. bought
B. brought
C. turned
D. picked
6. We didn't like John when we first met him, but he has turned _____ to be good friend to us.
A. down
B. up
C. on
D. out
7. "Have you _____this contract yet?"
"Not yet. I’ll try to read it this weekend."
A. looked over
B. looked into
C. looked up
D. looked out
8. After ten minutes, the students _____in their quizzes to the instructor
A. gave
B. had
C. held
D. handed
9. "Hello, is Bill there?" "Yes, _____a minute, and I'll get him."
A. hang on
B. hang up
C. hold on
D. A and C are correct
10. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George _____ in on our conversation.
A. interrupted
B. broke
C. went
D. intervene
Phần 3. Bài tập vận dụng theo chuyên đề
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence
1. They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather.
a. get through
b. put off
c. keep up with
d. go over
2. It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death.
a. turn off
b. take on
c. get over d. keep up with
3. He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport.
a. use up
b. do with
c. take up
d. go on
4. I am tired because I went to bed late last night.
a. stayed up
b. kept off
c. put out
d. brought up
5. She got _______ her car to pick _______ some wild flowers.
a. from / on
b. in / at
c. off / up
d. out / for
6. The customer had tried ____ some blouses but none of them suited her.
a. at
b. with
c. in
d. on
7. If I get this report finished I will knock _______ early and go to the pub for some drink.
a. up
b. over
c. on
d. off
8. Boy! _______ away all your toys and. go to bed right now.
a. Come
b. Lie
c. Put
d. Sit
9. I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not ______ through.
a. get
b. take
c. look
d. hang
10. The water supply of the building was ______ off because the pipes burst.
a. handed
b. held
c. cut
d. paid
11. How are you _______ on with your work? - It is OK.
a. calling
b. getting
c. laying
d. looking
12. Did your son pass the university entrance examination?
a. make up
b. get along
c. go up
d. get through
13. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
a. go along
b. count on
c. keep away
d. turn up
14. Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
a. calls on
b. keeps off
c. takes in
d. goes up
15. They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
a. take up
b. turn round
c. put off
d. do with
16. The stranger came ___ me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?"
a. on to
b. away from
c. out of
d. up to
17. Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take _______ you at all.
a. after
b. along
c. up
d. over
18. She is not really friendly. She does not get on well ____ her classmates.
a. from
b. with
c. for
d. to
19. I would be grateful if you kept the news _______ yourself. Do not tell anyone about it.
a. from
b. to
c. for
d. at
20. I do not use those things any more. You can _______ them away.
a. get
b. fall
c. throw
d. make
21. It is generally accepted that in today's society women have access ________ education and
can promote themselves much more easily than years ago.
a. to
b. up
c. on
d. for
22. It took women a long time to struggle ________ the right to vote.
a. for
b. with
c. against
d. upon
23. I think women are suited ________ many important things, besides childbearing and
homemaking.
a. of
b. on
c. for
d. about
24. Women are increasingly involved ________ the public life.
a. of
b. in
c. with
d. from
25. If you have an old blanket, ________ it along so that we have something to sit on at the
beach.
a. bring
b. go
c. put
d. keep
26. Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they ________ on walking.
a. stopped
b. kept
c. took
d. put
27. Before the plane ________ off, the flight attendant told everyone to fasten their seat belts and
put their chairs in an upright position.
a. woke
b. brought
c. kept
d. took
28. Don't forget to ________ your gloves on. It is cold outside.
a. let
b. make
c. put
d. fix
29. If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out!
a. lend you some money
b. play football with you
c. give you a kick
d. force you to leave
30. Yesterday I ran into Sam at the grocery store. I had not seen him for years.
a. met b. visited
c. said goodbye to
d. made friends with
31. Let's go over that report again before we submit it.
a. dictate
b. print
c. read carefully
d. type
32. I will not stand for your bad attitude any longer.
a. like
b. tolerate
c. mean
d. care
33. Everything is _______ you. I cannot make _______ my mind yet.
a. out off / on
b. up to / up
c. away from / for d. on for / off
34. There is no food left. Someone must have eaten it _______.
a. out
b. up
c. off
d. along
35. The explorers made a fire to _______ off wild animals.
a. get
b. keep
c. take
d. go
36. If something urgent has _______ up, phone me immediately and I will help you.
a. picked
b. come
c. kept
d.
brought
37. The passengers had to wait because the plane ______ off one hour late.
a. took
b. turned
c. cut
d. made
38. Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
a. Look out
b. Look up
c. Look on
d. Look after
39. The organization was established in 950 in the USA.
a. come around b. set up
c. made out
d. put on
40. Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties
and responsibilities of a national relief society.
a. take on
b. get off
c. go about
d. put in
41. The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt.
a. put on
b. went off
c. got out
d. kept up
42. They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather.
a. get through
b. put off
c. keep up with
d. go over
43. It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death.
a. turn off
b. take on
c. get over d. keep up with
44. He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport.
a. use up
b. do with
c. take up
d. go on
45. I am tired because I went to bed late last night.
a. stayed up
b. kept off
c. put out
d. brought up
46. She got _______ her car to pick _______ some wild flowers.
a. from / on
b. in / at
c. off / up
d. out / for
47. The customer had tried ____ some blouses but none of them suited her.
a. at
b. with
c. in
d. on
48. If I get this report finished I will knock _______ early and go to the pub for some drink.
a. up
b. over
c. on
d. off
49. Boy! _______ away all your toys and. go to bed right now.
a. Come
b. Lie
c. Put
d. Sit
50. I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not ______ through.
a. get
b. take
c. look
d. hang
51. The water supply of the building was ______ off because the pipes burst.
a. handed
b. held
c. cut
d. paid
52. How are you _______ on with your work? - It is OK.
a. calling
b. getting
c. laying
d. looking
53. Did your son pass the university entrance examination?
a. make up
b. get along
c. go up
d. get through
54. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
a. go along
b. count on
c. keep away
d. turn up
55. Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
a. calls on
b. keeps off
c. takes in
d. goes up
56. They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
a. take up
b. turn round
c. put off
d. do with
57. The stranger came ___ me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?"
a. on to
b. away from
c. out of
d. up to
58. Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take _______ you at all.
a. after
b. along
c. up
d. over
59. She is not really friendly. She does not get on well ____ her classmates.
a. from
b. with
c. for
d. to
60. I would be grateful if you kept the news _______ yourself. Do not tell anyone about it.
a. from
b. to
c. for
d. at
Phần 4: HOMEWORK
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. When the police investigate a crime, they _____evidence such as fingerprints, hair, or
clothing.
A. look after
B. look up to
C. look for
D. look into
2. "Do you _____your new roommate, or do you two argue?"
A. keep in touch with B. get along with
C. on good terms with
D. get used to
3. After months of testing, the Russian space scientists _____a space suit that works better
than any other in history.
A. came to
B. came up with
C. came up to
D. came out with
4. Let's check our hotel room _____before we pay for it.
A. out
B. away
C. up
D. off
5. He lost the tennis match, so we will try to cheer him _____
A. off
B. away
C. on
D. up
6. The mechanic broke the engine _____its many components.
A. up into
B. into
C. down into
D. off into
7. The couple broke _____ their engagement after they had a huge argument.
A. in
B. over
C. off
D. away
8. The new mayor will bring _____a change in local government policies.
A. with
B. out
C. up
D. about
9. Sara said she took golf_____so that she could meet more interesting people.
A. on
B. over
C. back
D. up
10. Try _____this bicycle to determine if you feel comfortable on it.
A. out
B. on
C. off
D. at
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. She turned the first offer _____because she wanted more money for her house.
A. off
B. away
C. out
D. down
2. They decided to name the new baby boy _____Grandpa.
A. of
B. after
C. with
D. as
3. Mom told her little boy to put all his toys _____before coming to dinner.
A. out
B. off
C. away
D. in
4. The couple put their wedding _____until next year.
A. off
B. up
C. on
D. away
5. The gunman told the victim to hand _____all his money.
A. out
B. over
C. in
D. off
6. Don't throw your jacket on the bed. Hang it _____
A. up
B. over
C. on
D. in
7. The supervisor told her to keep _____the good work.
A. over
B. on
C. with
D. up
8. Man is killing _____all the fish in the sea.
A. out
B. away
C. off
D. up
9. If you leave _____any information, the form will be returned to you.
A. down
B. out
C. up
D. away
10. Security is very important in this building. Don't let anyone _____unless they show you
proper identification.
A. in
B. out
C. off
D. on
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. Look this document _____carefully before you sign it.
A. Lip
B. on
C. at
D. over
2. If you don't know what a word means, look it_____in the dictionary.
A. over
B. up
C. on
D. at
3. I couldn't make _____all the words on the sign because my glasses were dirty.
A. up
B. out
C. clear
D. up with
4. Tony and Nancy always kiss and make _____after their arguments.
A. up
B. off
C. with
D. up with
5. Cross _____my name because I won't be able to attend.
A. out
B. down
C. up
D. away
6. She will cut _____the number of cigarettes she smokes.
A. off
B. in
C. up
D. down
7. Have you figured _____how to solve the problem yet?
A. out
B. on
C. in
D. of
8. After you fill the application form _____, sign it and date it.
A. on
B. off
C. out
D. with
9. You should always fill _____ your tank when it gets down to a quarter full.
A. off
B. up
C. in
D. out
10. All students must hand_____their homework the day after it is assigned.
A. out
B. on
C. to
D. ill
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. The daughter looked _____her mother alter her mom was sent home from the hospital with
a broken hip.
A. upon
B. after
C. on
D. at
2. Why don't you look _____this situation and see if you can figure out a way to fix it without
spending too much money?
A. into
B. on
C. up
D. out
3. My grandfather passed_____when I was only six years old. He had lung cancer.
A. out
B. over
C. away
D. off
4. Every day many of us have to put _____people that we don’t like.
A. on with
B. off with
C. up
D. up with
5. Nancy ran _____Bob while both were shopping at the supermarket.
A. over
B. across
C. upon
D. onto
6. If you go hiking, you should watch _____for poison oak and snakes. Both can cause you
problems.
A. over
B. up
C. out
D. on
7. Let's get _____the bus at the next stop. We can visit the museum and catch another bus in a
couple of hours.
A. onto
B. out
C. in
D. oil
8. When the student got _____the test, he gave it to the teacher.
A. over with
B. through with
C. through at
D. over
9. If you're going to give _____smoking, you must have a lot of will power.
A. away
B. up
C. in to
D. on
10. After you write your report, give it to your boss. He will go _____it and make any
necessary changes.
A. upon
B. through with
C. over
D. with
Exercise 5: Mark tile letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. She kept _____taking the real estate exam until she finally passed it and got her license.
A. on
B. onto
C. in
D. at
2. Kids have to walk fast if they want to_____ their parents on a stroll through the park.
A. keep with
B. keep up with
C. keep on to
D. keep over with
3. You'd better cut _____animal fat if you want to lower your cholesterol level.
A. down with
B. off with
C. out in
D. down on
4. I wish my friends would call me first before they drop _____
.
A. in
B. out
C. at
D. off
5. Sales of the toy dropped _____sharply when the TV news reported that a child had
swallowed part of the toy and almost died.
A. out
B. over
C. away
D. off
6. People who don't get _____their coworkers sometimes don't last long at their jobs.
A. up with
R. along with
C. on to
D. by with
7. At a crime scene, the police will tell you to get back. They don't want civilians to interfere
_____the investigation.
A. at
B. on
C. with
D. into
8. The boy was always getting _____trouble as a youth. Then, to everyone's surprise, he
became a policeman.
A. into
B. onto
C. on
D. with
9. Mankind has managed to wipe _____many kinds of animals.
A. away
B. off
C. out
D. over
10. My car broke _____on the way to work. I had to call a tow truck.
A. down
B. up
C. err
D. away
THE END