DRUG
Generic Name:
Atorvastatin
Brand Name:
Lipitor
Therapeutic class:
Antilipemics
Pharmacologic
class:
HMG-CoA
reductase inhibitors
Dose:
10 mg, 20 mg, 40
mg, 80 mg
Route:
PO
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Inhibits HMG-CoA
reductase, an early
(and rate-limiting)
step in cholesterol
biosynthesis.
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
In patients with
clinically evident
CAD, to reduce risk
of nonfatal MI, fatal
and nonfatal
strokes, angina, HF,
and
revascularization
procedures
Contraindicated in patients
hypersensitive to drug and
in those with active liver
disease or unexplained
persistent elevations of
transaminase levels.
To reduce risk of
MI, stroke, angina,
or revascularization
procedures in
patients with
multiple risk factors
for CAD but who
don't yet have the
disease
To reduce risk of MI
or stroke in patients
with type 2
diabetes and
multiple risk factors
for CAD but who
don't yet have the
disease
Some dosage forms contain
polysorbate 80, which can
cause delayed
hypersensitivity reactions.
Use cautiously in patients
with hepatic impairment or
heavy alcohol use, in
patients with inadequately
treated hypothyroidism,
with other drugs associated
with myopathy, and in
elderly patients.
Withhold or stop drug in
patients at risk for renal
failure caused by
rhabdomyolysis resulting
from trauma; in serious,
acute conditions that
suggest myopathy; and in
major surgery, severe acute
infection, hypotension,
uncontrolled seizures, or
severe metabolic,
endocrine, or electrolyte
disorders.
ADVERSE EFFECT
CNS:
insomnia.
EENT:
nasopharyngitis,
pharyngolaryngeal
pain.
GI:
abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dyspepsia,
flatulence, nausea.
GU:
UTI.
Musculoskeletal:
rhabdomyolysis,
arthralgia, myalgia,
extremity pain,
muscle spasms,
musculoskeletal
pain.
Skin:
rash.
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Patient should follow
a standard
cholesterol-lowering
diet before and
during therapy.
Before treatment,
assess patient for
underlying causes for
hypercholesterolemia
and obtain a baseline
lipid profile. Obtain
periodic LFT results
and lipid levels before
starting treatment
and at 4 and 12
weeks after initiation,
or after an increase in
dosage and
periodically
thereafter.
Watch for signs of
myositis and
myopathy
(unexplained muscle
pain, tenderness,
weakness, malaise,
dark urine, fever).
Drug may need to be
discontinued.
DRUG
Generic Name:
Empagliflozin
Brand Name:
Jardiance
Therapeutic class:
Antidiabetics
Pharmacologic
class:
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter 2
inhibitors
Dose:
10 mg, 25 mg
Route:
PO
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
Inhibits renal
reabsorption of
glucose and lowers
renal threshold for
glucose, resulting in
increased urinary
excretion of
glucose.
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
As adjunct to diet
and exercise to
improve glycemic
control in patients
with type 2
diabetes mellitus.
Contraindicated in
patients with history of
serious hypersensitivity
reaction to drug or its
components.
To reduce risk of CV
death in patients
with type 2
diabetes mellitus
and established CV
disease.
Contraindicated in
patients with severe
renal impairment or
ESRD and in those on
dialysis.
Don't use in patients
with GFR of less than 45
mL/minute.
Serious hypersensitivity
reactions, including
angioedema, have been
reported in patients
treated with
empagliflozin.
Discontinue drug if a
hypersensitivity reaction
occurs, treat promptly
per standard of care, and
monitor patients until
signs and symptoms
resolve.
ADVERSE EFFECT
GI:
nausea, thirst.
GU:
genital mycotic
infections, UTI,
renal impairment,
increased urination.
Metabolic:
dyslipidemia,
hypoglycemia.
Musculoskeletal:
arthralgia.
Respiratory:
URI.
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Assess renal function
before initiating therapy
and periodically during
treatment. Don't start
therapy if GFR is less
than 45 mL/minute.
Closely monitor
patients with GFR of
less than 60 mL/minute
Assess fluid status.
Correct volume
depletion before
starting therapy.
Monitor patients for
signs and symptoms of
hypotension (fatigue,
dizziness, blurred
vision, clammy skin)
during therapy. Drug
may increase risk of
hypotension due to
intravascular volume
contraction.
Watch for genital
mycotic infections and
treat appropriately.
DRUG
Generic Name:
Levetiracetam
Brand Name:
Therapeutic class:
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Anticonvulsants
Pharmacologic
class:
Pyrrolidine
derivatives
DRUG
Generic Name:
Brand Name:
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
DRUG
Generic Name:
Brand Name:
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
DRUG
Generic Name:
Brand Name:
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
DRUG
Generic Name:
Brand Name:
MECHANISM OF
ACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION