FS10
AFA-Animal Health Care and Management III
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Administering Drugs and Biologics (ADB)
(Apply Drugs and Biologics)
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
SDO-Sagay City_Q1_FSTLE 10
FS10 AFA-ANIMAL HEALTHCARE AND MANAGEMENT III-Module 1
iii
FS10- AFA -Animal Health Care and Management III
Administering Drugs and Biologics (ADB)
(Apply Drugs and Biologics)
First Edition, 2024
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iii
10
FS10-AFA-ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND
MANAGEMENT III
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Administering Drugs and Biologics (ADB)
(Apply Drugs and Biologics)
This instructional material was collaboratively Part and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
iv
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
You have to let the learners understand that answering this module is very important. This will
help them learn and master the required competencies for their grade level especially the lessons they
missed in school due to some circumstances beyond their control. Explain to them clearly the benefits
they will gain in taking each part by heart. Your guidance and assistance will be helping them a lot.
It is your role, too, to ensure that every learner will get the necessary help and support from
their parents, elder siblings at home or even from other relatives, friends, and neighbors.
Moreover, you should not fail to remind them to handle this module with utmost care. This
should remain neat and clean and free from unnecessary marks. They should use separate sheets in
answering the different test parts and exercises.
For the Learner:
This module can be your best friend and teacher. You will learn a lot from this because it was
designed considering your needs. You have to study each part religiously. In doing such, you can seek
the help of your teachers, parents, elder siblings, or anybody whom you have the trust and confidence
with.
This module you will be working with is made up of the following parts and corresponding
symbols:
What I Need to Know
This contains the skills or competencies you are about to learn in the specific lesson.
What I Know
This part is composed of a 15-item exercise serving as your pretest to assess what you already
know about the lesson.
What’s In
It is in this part where review questions or items are given to you. This will help you link the
previous lesson with the current one.
What’s New
In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways: a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What Is It
This section gives you the step by step process of how you go about the lesson. It also provides
you the brief discussion of the topic or concept to develop.
What’s More
This comprises items for independent practice to further deepen your understanding of the topic.
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What I Have Learned
This includes questions which will lead you to generalize or sum up your understanding of the
topic presented. Steps on how a given process was undergone may also be included here.
What I Can Do
This part provides an activity which will help you transfer your knowledge into real-life
situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is another 10-item test to purposely evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your skill of the lesson
learned. This will help you retain the concept in mind.
Now that you are aware of the contents of this module, for sure you are ready to face the
tasks and take the challenges along your journey. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
You have many companions who can assist you with whatever problem you will face. Don’t be
afraid. Just reach out to them in times you need them.
You have to answer the given exercises in this module on separate sheets of paper. After
you are through, return it to your teacher who will be responsible for checking and determining
your level of competency.
God bless you, learner!
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What I Need to Know
In this module, you will learn how to dispose properly the used supplies and materials following
the standard operating procedure.
LO3: Apply Drugs and Biologics
3.4 Administer drugs and biologics according to standard operating procedures.
3.5 Dispose properly the used supplies and materials following appropriate disposal
method.
3.6 Clean properly and disinfect the reusable supplies and materials and, stored
following standard operating procedures
What I Know
Directions: Read the situation carefully, and answer the questions that follow. Choose the
letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. You are preparing to administer a medication to a sheep that has developed a respiratory
infection. The veterinarian has given you a list of possible routes for administration,
including oral, intramuscular, and intravenous, and advises you to choose the most effective
option based on the animal's condition and the medication’s properties. Which of the
following factors should you consider most carefully when determining the route of
administration for this drug?
a. The color of the medication
b. The price of the medication
c. The size of the storage container for the drug
d. The intended speed and absorption rate required for effectiveness
2. You are administering pain relief medication to a horse recovering from a minor surgical
procedure. The veterinarian has indicated that the medication needs to work quickly to
alleviate discomfort. You have the option to administer it orally or via injection and know
that the route chosen will affect how soon the medication takes effect. How is the absorption
rate of the pain relief medication likely to influence the onset of action when choosing
between oral and injection routes for a horse recovering from surgery?
a. The brand name of the medication
b. The amount of medication stored in the clinic
c. How quickly the horse begins to experience pain relief
d. The frequency at which the medication will need to be administered
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3. Alex, a veterinary technician was preparing to administer a vaccine to a herd of cattle. The
vaccine requires refrigeration, and the manufacturer's instructions specify a particular
temperature range for storage. He noticed the vaccine had been stored at a slightly higher
temperature than recommended. Which is the appropriate course of action to take in this
situation?
a. Continue with the administration of the vaccine but monitor the cattle closely for any
adverse reactions.
b. Discard the vaccine immediately and order a new batch to ensure the safety and
effectiveness of the treatment.
c. Proceed with administering the vaccine since the temperature fluctuation is minimal and
unlikely to affect its efficacy.
d. Contact the manufacturer for guidance on whether the vaccine is still effective at the
slightly higher temperature before proceeding with administration.
4. Which should you do before administering the vaccine?
a. Inform the owner and administer the vaccine without any further action.
c. Dispose of the vaccine, as it may be ineffective at the incorrect temperature.
b. Administer the vaccine as planned, since the temperature difference is minimal.
d. Return the vaccine to the proper storage temperature and wait for it to stabilize before
administering.
5. Karlos, a hog raiser wanted to administer an antibiotic. The dosage is based on the animal’s
weight, and the veterinarian had provided detailed instructions on the specific brand and
route of administration. Upon reviewing the medication, he noticed that the brand listed on
the medication vial is different from the one prescribed. Which should Karlos do?
a. Discard the medication and notify the client of a new prescription.
b. Administer the drug without concern, as the active ingredient is the same.
c. Administer the drug, but reduce the dose to compensate for the brand change.
d. Double-check the prescription and contact the veterinarian for clarification before
administering.
5. While administering a biologic to a horse, Mang Toto observed the injection area became
red and swollen shortly after administration. The manufacturer’s instructions indicated that
swelling can occur, but severe reactions are rare. Which should Mang Toto do next?
a. Discard the medication and do not record the event.
b. Administer an additional dose of medication to counteract the swelling.
c. Continue monitoring the horse but do not report the reaction, as it is normal.
d. Monitor the horse closely, document the reaction, and inform the veterinarian of the
response.
6. A technician is tasked with administering a series of injections to a group of animals. The
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) specify using new, sterile needles for each animal
to prevent cross-contamination. Which of the following should the technician do when
preparing the injections?
a. Reuse the needle after cleaning it with alcohol.
b. Use the same needle for all the animals to reduce waste.
c. Use a new, sterile needle for each animal, following the SOP guidelines.
d, Skip the injection and suggest an alternative route to avoid using needles.
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7. John is about to administer medication to a cow, and the instructions specify the
administration routes as oral and intramuscular. However, the syringe he has is not properly
calibrated, leading him to suspect it may cause an inaccurate dose. Which is the most
appropriate action for John to take?
a. Estimate the dosage based on your knowledge and administer the medication.
b. Ignore the issue and proceed with the administration, as it's unlikely to affect the cow.
c. Use the syringe anyway and ensure the medication is administered as accurately as
possible.
d. Report the issue to the supervisor and wait for a properly calibrated syringe before
proceeding.
8. Emily has just completed a procedure on a horse that involved using syringes, gloves, and
other disposable items contaminated with blood and bodily fluids. The clinic has established
guidelines for biohazard disposal. How should Emily properly dispose of these used
supplies in accordance with the clinic's biohazard disposal guidelines?
a. Throw the used supplies in the regular trash bin.
b. Rinse the supplies in water and then dispose of them in a recycling bin.
c. Leave the used supplies in the treatment room for later disposal by the next shift.
d Place all contaminated materials in a clearly labeled biohazard disposal container for
proper handling.
9. After performing a surgical procedure on a cow, you have several items such as bandages,
gauze, and used sterile drapes. These items were not contaminated with blood or bodily
fluids, but they have been used in a clinical environment. How should you dispose of these
materials?
c. Place them in a biohazard container for safe disposal.
a. Dispose of them in a garbage pit designed for non-hazardous waste.
b. Throw them into the regular trash bin, as they are not contaminated.
d. Leave them in the surgery room until further instructions from management.
10. After administering injections to a group of dairy cows, Mark has several used needles and
syringes contaminated with trace amounts of medication and animal tissue, along with
gloves that have come into contact with the medication. How can he ensure compliance with
safety and environmental standards when disposing of these items?
a. Reuse the syringes and needles for the next set of cows to minimize waste.
b. Throw the used needles and syringes in the regular trash bin with the gloves.
c. Rinse the syringes and needles in water and dispose of them in a general waste container.
d. Place the needles and syringes in a sharp disposal container, and the gloves in a biohazard
bag.
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11. After treating a group of pigs with a new injectable antibiotic, you find that several syringes
have been used, along with alcohol swabs and cotton balls. There’s also some packaging
from the medication that is now empty. Which is the proper way to dispose of these
materials?
a. Throw everything in the regular trash bin.
b. Dispose of all items together in a garbage pit for general waste.
c. Place the syringes and cotton balls in a biohazard container, and the packaging in a
recycling bin.
d. Collect all the syringes, alcohol swabs, and cotton balls in a biohazard bag and dispose
of the packaging separately.
12. In a farm in Sagay City, Juan has just finished administering a series of oral medications to
a group of sheep. The medication containers are now empty, and the syringes were used to
administer the drug to multiple animals. How should Juan properly dispose of the used
medication containers and syringes in accordance with local regulations?
a. Wash the syringes and reuse them for the next group of animals.
b. Leave the used materials in the clinic for someone else to dispose of later.
c. Place the medication containers in a recycling bin and throw the syringes in the regular
trash.
d. Dispose of the syringes and medication containers in a biohazard waste bin to avoid any
risk of contamination.
13. After performing a routine health check on a group of cows, you need to clean and disinfect
the stethoscope, thermometer, and other reusable tools used during the examination. The
tools were in contact with the animals' skin, but no bodily fluids or waste. Which of the
following is the correct process for cleaning and disinfecting these reusable tools?
a. Clean the tools with soap only and leave them on the counter to air dry.
b. Wipe the tools with a damp cloth and store them in the tool drawer without any
disinfecting.
d. Disinfect the tools by spraying them with a surface cleaner, then immediately store
them in a closed drawer.
c. Wash the tools with soap and water, disinfect them using an approved disinfectant, and
allow them to dry before storing them in a clean area.
14. Dr. Ana, a veterinary surgeon in Negros Occidental, has just finished performing a
procedure on a calf using a set of reusable surgical instruments that were exposed to bodily
fluids. According to the clinic’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), the instruments
must be disinfected and sterilized before reuse. If you were Dr. Ana, which steps should you
follow to ensure these instruments are properly cleaned, disinfected, and stored?
a. Rinse the instruments with warm water and sterilize them right away.
b. Discard the instruments after use and purchase new ones for each procedure.
c. Use the same set of instruments for the next procedure, as the cleaning and disinfecting
process is time-consuming.
d. Scrub the instruments with soap, disinfect them with an approved disinfectant, sterilize
them in an autoclave, and store them in a sterile container.
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15. Luis is preparing for a routine checkup on a group of horses and plans to use reusable exam
gloves and a stethoscope. While the stethoscope is wiped down after each use, the gloves
are not cleaned or disinfected. Considering standard operating procedures, how should Luis
implement effective cleaning and disinfection protocols to ensure they meet hygiene and
safety standards for future use?
a. Clean and disinfect the stethoscope after each use, but dispose of the gloves after one
use.
b. Reuse the gloves after washing them with soap and water, and disinfect the stethoscope
between uses.
c. Wipe the stethoscope with a surface disinfectant and store the gloves in a storage area
without cleaning.
d. Clean both the stethoscope and gloves with soap and water, disinfect the stethoscope
after each use, and store the gloves in a clean container.
Lesson
3
Applying Drugs and Biologics
What’s In
In your previous lesson, you have learned how to determine the route of administration
based on manufacturer’s recommendation for farm animals. This time let us check if you can still
remember the concept from your previous lesson.
Activity: Do this!
Instructions: Find the following words in the grid below. Words may appear horizontally,
vertically, diagonally, or backwards. Encircle the words as you find them. Answer in a separate
sheet of paper.
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What’s New
Directions: Below are series of images depicting a farm setting with a focus on
administering drugs and biologics. Identify key actions and protocols
depicted in the images. Consider what each step on the process entails and
why it is important. Use the guide questions below. Write you answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Step 1: Health Record Review Step 2: Preparing Medication
Step 3. Administering Treatment
For Illustration
Questions:
1. What steps are involved in preparing medication according to the images?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What safety measures are evident in the medication preparation and administration
process?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How can the health records help in planning treatment and vaccination?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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What Is It
What is Proper Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Storing of Supplies
and Materials?
Proper cleaning, disinfecting, and
storing of supplies and materials are critical
processes in maintaining hygiene, safety, and
efficiency in various settings, particularly in
environments such as veterinary clinics,
farms,
and
laboratories.
Following
established Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) ensures that these practices are
carried out consistently, minimizing the risk
of contamination, infection, or equipment
failure. Cleaning removes dirt, debris, and
organic matter, while disinfecting kills or
inactivates
harmful
microorganisms,
preventing the spread of disease. Storing
materials correctly protects them from
damage and ensures their longevity,
preserving their effectiveness when needed.
Adhering to SOPs not only ensures compliance with health and safety regulations but
also promotes a culture of cleanliness and organization. This process applies to all tools,
equipment, and materials used in veterinary care, agricultural settings, and beyond. It plays a
vital role in preventing cross-contamination, extending the life of supplies, and promoting the
well-being of both animals and humans involved. This guide explores the best practices for
cleaning, disinfecting, and storing materials, ensuring safety, efficiency, and the optimal
performance of all supplies.
Administering Drugs and Biologics to Animals according to SOP
Administering drugs and biologics to animals according to standard operating
procedures (SOPs) is essential in veterinary practice to ensure safety, efficacy, and compliance.
This process involves several steps to maintain proper dosage, administration route, and
monitoring to achieve the intended therapeutic effect while minimizing potential risks to the
animal and the handler.
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1. Preparation and Verification
 Confirm that the prescribed drug or biologic, along with its
dosage, administration route, and frequency, aligns with the
animal’s condition and species-specific guidelines.
 Complete all necessary documentation and labeling,
including the drug name, expiration date,
 batch number, and patient identification, as outlined in the
SOP.
 Ensure that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is used
based on the SOP, such as gloves, face masks, or goggles,
depending on the substance being administered and the
administration route.
2. Correct Dosage and Route
 Accurately calculate the dosage based on the animal’s
weight, age, and health status. Miscalculation can lead to
under-dosing or overdosing, which can reduce efficacy or
cause adverse effects.
 Administer the drug via the route specified in the SOP (e.g.,
oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous). The route
affects absorption rates, efficacy, and potential side effects,
so it is crucial to adhere strictly to the prescribed method.
3. Administration Technique
 Follow SOPs for sterilizing any equipment, such as
syringes, needles, and administration sites, to prevent
infections. This includes using aseptic techniques and
disposing of sharps safely.
 To minimize stress and ensure safety, handle animals
calmly and restrain them if necessary, using appropriate
tools and techniques, especially for large or nervous
animals.
 Follow proper injection techniques, insert needles at the
correct angle, and use the correct volume per injection site.
For oral administration, ensure the animal swallows the
entire dose to avoid waste or accidental overdose.
4. Monitoring and Observation
 Observe the animal for any adverse reactions immediately
following administration, and recheck periodically. SOPs often
require observing for signs such as anaphylaxis, swelling,
fever, or other adverse reactions.
 Be prepared to follow emergency protocols as outlined in the
SOP if adverse reactions occur, including having
antihistamines, epinephrine, or other emergency medications
on hand.
 Follow the SOP for continued monitoring over the next few
days to track the effectiveness of the treatment and any delayed
reactions.
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5. Disposal of Waste
 Dispose of any sharps, containers, or unused drugs according to biohazard waste management
guidelines to prevent environmental contamination and accidental exposure.
Safe Disposal of Animal Drugs and Biologics
The safe disposal of animal drugs, biologics, and related materials is crucial to prevent contamination,
reduce environmental impact, and avoid potential harm to humans and animals.
1. Sharps Disposal. All needles, syringes, and other sharp
instruments should be immediately placed in punctureresistant, leak-proof sharps containers. These containers
are typically labeled with biohazard symbols and have
secure lids. Filled sharps containers should be disposed of
through certified biohazard disposal services or returned to
the veterinary facility’s waste management program, as
they follow strict protocols to ensure proper incineration or
sterilization.
2. Unused or Expired Drugs and Biologics. Many areas
offer drug take-back programs that allow veterinary
practices to safely return unused or expired medications for
proper disposal. Some drugs, especially controlled
substances, may require incineration at high temperatures
to break down hazardous compounds. Licensed facilities
usually carry out this process under regulatory oversight to
avoid air pollution. For certain unused products, manufacturers may offer a return program. This
involves sending back drugs and biologics to the supplier, which safely disposes of or repurposes them
according to legal requirements.
Proper Disposal Method of Animal Waste
Proper disposal of animal drug supplies and materials is critical to prevent environmental
contamination, accidental exposure, and misuse. Here are some methods:
1. Proper Disposal of Used Supplies and Materials. Used supplies contaminated with animal
bodily fluids or waste (e.g., gloves, syringes) should be disposed of according to biohazard
regulations. These may require specific labeled containers for safe handling and transport, often
leading to incineration or other forms of treatment.
2. Incineration. Incineration is ideal for highly infectious animal waste, including carcasses and
materials exposed to pathogens. High temperatures in incinerators ensure complete sterilization
and reduced waste volume, making it a preferred choice for infectious and biohazardous waste
disposal.
3. Garbage Pit. Garbage pits, used mainly in rural or agricultural settings, are suitable for
biodegradable, non-hazardous animal waste. Proper design is essential to prevent leachate from
contaminating soil or groundwater. Pits should be dug according to local standards, often with
guidelines on depth and distance from water sources.
4. Burial. Burial is a practical option for disposing of larger animal carcasses when other methods
are unavailable. Sites should be chosen carefully to minimize groundwater contamination risks.
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Many regions have specific regulations on burial depth, location, and distance from water
sources.
5. Environmental Codes and Regulations on Waste Disposal. Disposal of animal waste must
adhere to federal, state, and local regulations to protect public health and the environment. Key
considerations include pathogen control, groundwater protection, and soil contamination
prevention. Regulatory bodies such as the EPA and local agricultural departments often provide
detailed guidelines. The law for waste disposal in the Philippines – RA 9003 Aimed at
establishing a nationwide ecological solid waste management program, this Act provides for
the furtherance of proper segregation, collection and transport, recycling, and composting of
wastes in the Philippines.
Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Storing of supplies and Materials Following
Standard Operating Procedures
The cleaning and disinfection (C&D) of equipment, materials, and premises is done to
prevent or mitigate the spread of foreign animal diseases (FADs) during an outbreak in order
to stabilize animal agriculture, the food supply, and the economy, and to protect public health
and the environment. This standard operating procedure (SOP) provides C&D Group personnel
with guidance on choosing and using optimal C&D methods following an FAD outbreak in
domestic livestock and poultry.
What is Cleaning?
Cleaning is the process of locating, identifying, containing, removing, and properly
disposing of unwanted substances from a surface or area. Cleaning usually involves soap or a
cleaning formula. It requires some form of agitation, such as rubbing hands together or using
a brush, cloth, running water, or vacuum. Cleaning removes microorganisms; however, it does
not kill them.
What is Disinfecting
Uses chemicals (disinfectants) to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common
disinfectants are bleach and alcohol solutions. You usually need to leave the disinfectant on
the surfaces and objects for a certain period of time to kill the germs. Disinfecting does not
necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove germs.
Apply disinfectant in a pre-cleaned facility from top to bottom and from back to front. The time a
disinfectant is in contact with the surface is important and varies with the type of disinfectant.
Carefully follow the specific instructions on the disinfectant label. Reapplication of disinfectant may be
necessary to achieve the product label-indicated contact time.
Take the following steps for general disinfection:
1. Apply the disinfectant to the contaminated surfaces in accordance with the sitespecific plan and product label.
2. Ensure that the disinfectant has had adequate contact time as specified on the
disinfectant label. Note that the recommended contact time will vary by the type of
surface being treated, and reapplication of disinfectant may be necessary to achieve
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the product label- indicated contact time. (See the NAHEMS Guidelines: C&D on
Material Composition for more information.)
3. Ensure that any unused disinfectant concentrate and solution are either stored in
accordance with the label instructions and the site-specific health and safety plan or
properly disposed.
Basic Cleaning and Disinfecting Protocol
A. Cleaning
 Dry Clean
 In the Hot Zone, dry brush equipment to remove gross
contamination
 Enter the Decon Corridor Wash and Rinse
 Wash items with detergent using a soft brush, cloth or sponge
 Rinse items with clean, warm water
https://www.dreamstime.com/two-kids-cleaning-their-room-sweetB. Disinfection
scene-two-kids-cleaning-their-room-together-image-highlights Disinfectant Application
importance-image325359027
 Apply an EPA-registered disinfectant with a low-pressure sprayer, or by wiping or
immersing the items in the solution
 Contact Time
 Ensure all areas are covered thoroughly with the solution and remain “wet”
throughout the necessary contact time; reapply if necessary
 Rinse and Dry
 Rinse thoroughly with clean warm water – rinsing is essential as detergents or
disinfectants dried on components may cause deterioration of rubber or metal parts if
not completely removed
 Allow items to air dry.
 Some items may be place in the sunlight for drying and additional disinfection.
 Place equipment in a clean environment.
Veterinary Waste Management
When it comes to veterinary waste disposal, veterinary waste consists of both hazardous
and non-hazardous waste, all of which must be segregated, classified, described, packaged,
labelled, and disposed of in line with regulatory requirements.” This means that the extensive
range of equipment that veterinary practices use daily, such as needles, must be disposed of
correctly. Waste such as organic matter and soiled laundry must also be disposed of correctly.
What you can use?
Sharps bins. Allows you to safely dispose of sharp objects such as
needles and blades.
Clinical waste bags. Allows you to safely and easily dispose of
waste, such as gowns, gloves and any other contaminated PPE.
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Biohazard kits. For safe and effective handling,
containment, disinfection, and disposal of body fluids.
Contains absorbent powder.
https://www.sharp-container.com/big-seriessharps-container.html
Cleaning and Disinfecting Equipment
Steps
1. Prepare the disinfectant. The disinfectant should be on the EPA-approved list of
disinfectants.
2. Identify a disinfectant station for small equipment. The site should be near the entrance or
exit points. The ideal site will be in proximity to a water supply and drainage.
3. Setup the C&D station on an impermeable surface (for example, plastic sheeting).
Procedures
Small Electronic Equipment
1. Dismantle if it is easily disassembled and reassembled.
2. Ensure that the selected disinfectant does not damage or corrode the equipment.
3. If the electrical equipment is airtight, it may be safely cleaned and disinfected by wiping it down with
disinfectant or gently spraying with an appropriate disinfectant solution. The most practical method
involves placing the equipment inside an airtight enclosure (for example, plastic sheeting) for
fumigation.
4.If the small handheld equipment has been used inside a Quarantine Zone and has been protected inside
a plastic bag
a. wipe down the protective plastic bags with disinfectant and discard,
b. wipe the body of the equipment with disinfectant, and
c. place equipment in a clean plastic bag for removal.
Other Small Equipment
1. Prepare tubs for submerging small equipment.
2. Use a scrub brush to dislodge encrusted material.
3. Apply disinfectant.
4. Allow appropriate contact time.
5. Move items to the next staging area.
6. Apply disinfectant a second time if necessary. The disinfectant must not dry during the specified
contact period but rather must remain “wet” on the item to be efficacious.
7. Allow appropriate contact time before air drying.
In conclusion, cleaning, disinfecting, and storing supplies and materials according to
standard operating procedures (SOPs) are vital practices in ensuring a safe, efficient, and
hygienic environment, especially in settings like veterinary care, farms, and laboratories. By
following SOPs, you minimize the risk of contamination, protect both human and animal
12
health, and prolong the lifespan of equipment and materials. Each step, from cleaning to
disinfecting, plays a critical role in eliminating harmful pathogens and maintaining the integrity
of the supplies. Proper storage further ensures that materials remain effective and safe for future
use. Adhering to established guidelines not only guarantees compliance with health and safety
regulations but also fosters a culture of responsibility and best practices, ultimately contributing
to the well-being of animals, staff, and the surrounding environment.
What’s More
Activity 1: Answer me!
Directions: Identify the pictures below related to animal cleaning and disinfection of tools and
materials. Answer the given guide questions. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the purpose of using a disinfectant footbath in animal care?
2. Which equipment is used to sterilize animal medical instruments?
3. What personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when handling potentially
contaminated animal tools and materials
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Activity 2: Mix & Match
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your final answer in your
activity notebook.
Column A
Column B
____1. The process of breaking down waste at extremely high
temperatures, suitable for hazardous or infectious materials.
____2. A method of cleaning that involves using heat,
chemicals, or pressure to kill microorganisms on equipment.
____3. The removal of dirt, debris, or organic matter from
surfaces before disinfecting.
____4. Waste that can be safely processed and is harmful, such
as used syringes or contaminated gloves, requiring special
handling.
____5. Using chemicals or procedures to eliminate pathogens
from surfaces, tools, or equipment.
____6. The disposal method used primarily for biodegradable,
non-hazardous waste, commonly in rural or agricultural areas.
____7. A controlled method for disposing of larger animal
carcasses, with specific depth and distance regulations.
____8. Waste material that is harmful and poses an immediate
risk to health or the environment.
____9. The practice of reducing, reusing, and converting waste
into reusable materials, reducing landfill accumulation.
____10. Materials that have come in contact with bodily fluids,
feces, or waste and are considered dangerous to handle.
a. Incineration
b. Biohazard Waste
c. Hazardous
d. Disinfectant
e. Garbage pit
f. Burial
g. Sterilization
h. Cleaning
i. Recycling
j. Contaminated Materials
k. Decoy
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Based on the scenario presented in the image, answer the following questions
thoroughly. Your responses should demonstrate an understanding of the
importance of correct medication administration routes, potential consequences of
errors, and strategies to avoid such mistakes in veterinary practice. Write your
answer on separate sheet of paper.
Here are three guide questions to facilitate discussion on this scenario:
1. What could be the potential effects on the animal if the medication is administered
orally instead of by injection as prescribed?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to verify the route of administration for each medication before
administering it to animals?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How can veterinary professionals ensure they are following the correct route of
administration for each medication, and why is it essential to adhere to these guidelines?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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What I Can Do
Directions: Making a 3-Minute Video About Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Storing Tools and
Materials in the Farm. Rubrics is presented below.
Step 1: Plan Your Video
1. Identify Key Topics:
o Proper cleaning methods for farm tools (e.g., removing dirt and washing with
water).
o Disinfecting techniques (e.g., using bleach solutions or other disinfectants).
o Safe storage practices (e.g., dry, organized, and labeled areas to avoid rust or
contamination).
Step 2: Define the Sequence:
2. Divide the video into three parts:
o Introduction (30 seconds): Highlight the importance of tool maintenance for
productivity and safety.
o Demonstration (2 minutes): Show the step-by-step process of cleaning,
disinfecting, and storing.
o Conclusion (30 seconds): Summarize the steps and provide quick tips.
Step 3: Prepare Materials and Tools
1. Gather Required Items:
o Dirty farm tools (e.g., shovels, hoes, pruning shears).
o Cleaning supplies (e.g., water, brush, soap).
o Disinfectant (e.g., bleach solution, alcohol spray).
o Storage containers or racks.
2. Set Up the Filming Area:
o Choose a clean and well-lit area on the farm.
o Ensure the background is neat and not distracting.
Step 4: Film the Video
1. Start with the Introduction:
o Begin with a friendly and engaging tone.
o Briefly explain the importance of maintaining tools in a farm setting.
2. Demonstrate Each Step:
o Show the cleaning process: Scrubbing tools with soap and water.
o Disinfect tools: Spray disinfectant or soak in a solution, explaining why it is
necessary.
o Store tools: Demonstrate organizing tools in a safe, dry location.
3. Keep it Engaging:
o Use clear and simple language.
o Add voiceovers or captions to explain each step.
o Include close-ups of critical actions.
4. End with a Conclusion:
o Recap the steps.
o Share quick maintenance tips (e.g., inspect tools regularly, keep storage areas
ventilated).
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Criteria
Content
Accuracy
Excellent (4)
Provides
accurate
and
detailed
information on
cleaning,
disinfecting,
and
storing
tools.
Clarity
and Steps
are
Flow
clearly
demonstrated
and
flow
logically
throughout the
video.
Visual
The video is
Presentation
visually
appealing, with
clear footage
and effective
use of angles
and lighting.
Audio Quality
Audio is clear,
well-paced, and
engaging;
background
noise
is
minimal.
Engagement
The video is
highly
engaging, with
good
pacing
and
creative
elements (e.g.,
music,
captions).
Good (3)
Fair (2)
Provides
mostly
accurate and
relevant
information.
Provides some
accurate
information
but
lacks
depth.
Needs
Improvement
(1)
Information is
mostly
inaccurate
or
irrelevant.
Steps
are
Steps are clear somewhat
Steps
are
but may lack a clear but may unclear
and
smooth flow.
be confusing disorganized.
in parts.
The video is
clear but could
improve
in
lighting
or
camera angles.
The video is
somewhat
clear but has
issues
with
visuals.
The video is
poorly
shot,
making it hard
to follow.
Audio
is
Audio
is
somewhat
Audio
is
mostly clear
clear but has unclear
or
but may have
noticeable
difficult to hear.
minor issues.
issues.
The video is
engaging but
could use more
creative
elements.
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The video is
somewhat
engaging but
lacks
creativity.
The video is not
engaging and
fails to hold
attention.
Assessment
POST-TEST
Directions: Read the situation carefully, and answer the questions that follow. Choose the
letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. Alex, a veterinary technician was preparing to administer a vaccine to a herd of cattle. The
vaccine requires refrigeration, and the manufacturer's instructions specify a particular
temperature range for storage. He noticed the vaccine had been stored at a slightly higher
temperature than recommended. Which is the appropriate course of action to take in this
situation?
a. Discard the vaccine immediately and order a new batch to ensure the safety and
effectiveness of the treatment.
b. Proceed with administering the vaccine since the temperature fluctuation is minimal and
unlikely to affect its efficacy.
c. Continue with the administration of the vaccine but monitor the cattle closely for any
adverse reactions.
d. Contact the manufacturer for guidance on whether the vaccine is still effective at the
slightly higher temperature before proceeding with administration.
2. Karlos, a hog raiser wanted to administer an antibiotic. The dosage is based on the animal’s
weight, and the veterinarian had provided detailed instructions on the specific brand and
route of administration. Upon reviewing the medication, he noticed that the brand listed on
the medication vial is different from the one prescribed. Which should Karlos do?
a. Discard the medication and notify the client of a new prescription.
b. Administer the drug, but reduce the dose to compensate for the brand change.
c. Administer the drug without concern, as the active ingredient is the same.
d. Double-check the prescription and contact the veterinarian for clarification before
administering.
3. Which should you do before administering the vaccine?
a. Inform the owner and administer the vaccine without any further action.
b. Administer the vaccine as planned, since the temperature difference is minimal.
c. Dispose of the vaccine, as it may be ineffective at the incorrect temperature.
d. Return the vaccine to the proper storage temperature and wait for it to stabilize before
administering.
4. A technician is tasked with administering a series of injections to a group of animals. The
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) specify using new, sterile needles for each animal
to prevent cross-contamination. Which of the following should the technician do when
prepare the injections?
a. Reuse the needle after cleaning it with alcohol.
b. Use the same needle for all the animals to reduce waste.
c. Use a new, sterile needle for each animal, following the SOP guidelines.
d, Skip the injection and suggest an alternative route to avoid using needles.
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5. John is about to administer medication to a cow, and the instructions specify the
administration routes as oral and intramuscular. However, the syringe he has is not properly
calibrated, leading him to suspect it may cause an inaccurate dose. Which is the most
appropriate action for John to take?
a. Estimate the dosage based on your knowledge and administer the medication.
b. Ignore the issue and proceed with the administration, as it's unlikely to affect the cow.
c. Use the syringe anyway and ensure the medication is administered as accurately as
possible.
d. Report the issue to the supervisor and wait for a properly calibrated syringe before
proceeding.
6. While administering a biologic to a horse, Mang Toto observed the injection area became
red and swollen shortly after administration. The manufacturer’s instructions indicated that
swelling can occur, but severe reactions are rare. Which should Mang Toto do next?
a. Discard the medication and do not record the event.
b. Administer an additional dose of medication to counteract the swelling.
c. Continue monitoring the horse but do not report the reaction, as it is normal.
d. Monitor the horse closely, document the reaction, and inform the veterinarian of the
response.
7. Emily has just completed a procedure on a horse that involved using syringes, gloves, and
other disposable items contaminated with blood and bodily fluids. The clinic has established
guidelines for biohazard disposal. How should Emily properly dispose of these used
supplies in accordance with the clinic's biohazard disposal guidelines?
a. Throw the used supplies in the regular trash bin.
b. Rinse the supplies in water and then dispose of them in a recycling bin.
c. Leave the used supplies in the treatment room for later disposal by the next shift.
d Place all contaminated materials in a clearly labeled biohazard disposal container for
proper handling.
8. After administering injections to a group of dairy cows, Mark has several used needles and
syringes contaminated with trace amounts of medication and animal tissue, along with
gloves that have come into contact with the medication. How can he ensure compliance with
safety and environmental standards when disposing of these items?
a. Place the needles and syringes in a sharp disposal container, and the gloves in a biohazard
bag.
b. Reuse the syringes and needles for the next set of cows to minimize waste.
c. Throw the used needles and syringes in the regular trash bin with the gloves.
d. Rinse the syringes and needles in water and dispose of them in a general waste container.
19
9. After performing a surgical procedure on a cow, you have several items such as bandages,
gauze, and used sterile drapes. These items were not contaminated with blood or bodily
fluids, but they have been used in a clinical environment. How should you dispose of these
materials?
a. Place them in a biohazard container for safe disposal.
b. Dispose of them in a garbage pit designed for non-hazardous waste.
c. Throw them into the regular trash bin, as they are not contaminated.
d. Leave them in the surgery room until further instructions from management.
10. You are administering pain relief medication to a horse recovering from a minor surgical
procedure. The veterinarian has indicated that the medication needs to work quickly to
alleviate discomfort. You have the option to administer it orally or via injection and know
that the route chosen will affect how soon the medication takes effect. How is the absorption
rate of the pain relief medication likely to influence the onset of action when choosing
between oral and injection routes for a horse recovering from surgery?
a. The brand name of the medication
b. The amount of medication stored in the clinic
c. How quickly the horse begins to experience pain relief
d. The frequency at which the medication will need to be administered
11. After a recent outbreak of a viral disease in a farm, you are tasked with disinfecting the
animal housing, including the cages, feeding equipment, and water bottles used by chickens.
The disinfection process needs to ensure that no residual chemical will harm the animals.
What should be the main concern when selecting a disinfectant for this task?
a. The disinfectant should be chosen based on its cost-effectiveness.
b. The disinfectant must have a strong smell to ensure all pathogens are killed.
c. It should be a disinfectant that works immediately without the need for a contact time.
d. The disinfectant must be strong enough to kill the virus but safe for use around the animals
and their food.
12. A farm manager is cleaning and disinfecting the tools and materials used for an animal
surgery, a farm manager is required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including
gloves, a mask, and a gown. What is the proper procedure for safely removing your PPE
after
completing
the
cleaning
process
to
avoid
contamination?
a. Remove gloves and gown at the same time and immediately wash your hands.
b. Leave the PPE on until you exit the room, and remove it later at a designated area.
c. Remove gloves first, then mask, and lastly the gown. Dispose of each item in separate
trash bags.
d. Remove the gown first, followed by gloves, and lastly the mask, without touching the
outside of any PPE.
20
13. Fatima is cleaning the bedding materials in a small animal shelter. The bedding has been
soiled by multiple goat and sheep. Fatima, need to remove all waste and disinfect the
bedding area to prevent cross-contamination. What steps should Fatima to take properly
clean and disinfect the bedding area?
a. Remove all soiled bedding, wash the area with soap and water, and then spray a
disinfectant on the floor.
b. Rinse the bedding with water, sprinkle it with disinfectant powder, and let it air-dry.
c. Remove the soiled bedding, disinfect the floor with a strong chemical disinfectant, and
replace with fresh bedding.
d. Leave the bedding untouched to dry, then vacuum the area to remove debris.
14. A horse has been diagnosed with a highly contagious respiratory infection. You are asked
to disinfect all equipment that was used during its examination, including a stethoscope,
thermometer, and halter. Which disinfectant method should be used to ensure the equipment
is safely disinfected without causing damage?
a. Soak the equipment in a chlorine-based solution for 30 minutes.
b. Use bleach diluted with water, as it is highly effective against pathogens.
c. Spray the equipment with a general household cleaner and wipe it with a cloth.
d. Use an alcohol-based disinfectant that is safe for the materials of the equipment.
15. Rose is responsible for cleaning a set of veterinary tools that were used during a surgery on
cattle. The tools include scissors, forceps, and scalpels. After the surgery, Rose notice that
some blood and tissue are still visible on the tools. What is the correct procedure to follow
to ensure the tools are properly cleaned?
a. Rinse the tools with cold water, scrub them with soap, and dry them off with a towel.
b. Soak the tools in a disinfectant solution, then rinse with warm water, scrub off debris,
and dry them with a clean cloth.
c. Use a dry cloth to wipe the tools, and store them in a sterilization bag.
d. Discard the tools, and replace them with new ones.
21
Additional Activities
Directions: Create an infographic focusing on the different methods of waste disposal,
highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and proper procedures for each
method. You may use the rubric below as a guideline on how your work will be
graded.
CATEGORY
20
18
15
10
5
Content Accuracy
At least four accurate
facts are displayed
on the infographic.
Three accurate facts
are displayed on the
infographic.
Two accurate facts
are displayed on the
infographic.
No accurate facts are
displayed on infographic.
All graphics are
related to the topic
and make it easier to
understand.
Makes excellent use
of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to
enhance the presentation.
No misspellings or
grammatical errors.
All graphics are
related to the topic
and make it easier to
understand.
Makes good use of
font, color, graphics, effects, etc.to
enhance the presentation.
Two or fewer misspellings and/or mechanical errors
All graphics are related to the topic.
Less than two accurate facts are
displayed on infographic.
Some graphics relate
to the topic.
Makes some use of
font, color, graphics, effects, etc.to
enhance the presentation.
Three misspellings
and/or grammatical
errors
Makes little use of
font, color, graphics, effects, etc.to
enhance the presentation.
Four or more spelling or grammatical
errors
Makes no use of font,
color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance
the presentation.
Two or fewer capitalization/punctuation
errors exist in the
infographic
Three capitalization/
punctuation errors
exist in the infographic
Four or more capitalization/punctuation
errors exist in the
infographic
Piece so filled with
errors that meaning
is undetectable.
All required elements are included
on infographic
Some required elements are included
on the infographic
Very few required elements are included
on the infographic
No required elements are included
on the infographic
Graphics
Layout/Design
Grammar
Mechanics
Required
Elements
Capitalization/
punctuation are
current and consistent throughout the
infographic
The infographic
includes all required
elements as well as
additional information
22
No graphics relate to
the topic.
Piece so filled with
errors that meaning
is undetectable.
TOTAL
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. B
23
Assessment
Answers
may vary.
Answers
may vary.
What I Have Learned
Activity 2
1. A
2. E
3. D
4. C
5. F
6. G
7. H
8. I
9. K
10. B
Additional Activities
Answers
may vary.
Activity 1
Answer
may
vary.
What’s More
1. Inhalation
2. Transdermal
3.Subcutaneous
4. Intranasal
5. Oral
6. Topical
7. Rectal
What’s In
What I Can Do
Answers
may vary.
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. D
13. C
14. D
15. A
What I Know
What’s New
Answer Key
References:
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (n.d.). Solid waste management program.
Department
of
Environment
and
Natural
Resources.
Retrieved
from
https://denr.gov.ph/priority-program/solid-waste-management-program/
Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Medical waste management and animal waste
disposal guidelines. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from
https://www.epa.gov/
Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 - Beyond an age of waste: Turning rubbish into a
resource. (2024). https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/44939
Robinson, M. A. (2023, June 6). Routes of administration and dosage forms of drugs. MSD
Veterinary
Manual.
https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/pharmacologyintroduction/routes-of-administration-and-dosage-forms-of-drugs
Servicon.
(n.d.).
Cleaning
https://servicon.com/glossary/cleaning/
glossary.
Servicon.
Retrieved
from
Waste disposal by veterinary practices: What goes where? (n.d.). American Veterinary
Medical
Association.
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/waste-disposalveterinary-practices
Kits, M. (2015). Medical waste disposal: Three tips for compliant veterinary medical waste
disposal. Retrieved from [URL]
24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region VI
Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City
Telefax:
(033)4
E-mail Address: region6@deped.gov.ph
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