LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Discuss the general concepts and the
scopes of science and technology.
2. Discuss the interactions between S&T and
society throughout history.
3. Discuss how scientific and technological
developments affect society and the
environment.
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
“
“
Modern science is a discovery
as well as an invention.
-John Heilbron, 2003
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
OBSERVATION
QUESTION
HYPOTHESIS
EXPERIMENT
EMPIRICAL
DATA FOR
ANALYSIS
CONCLUDE
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
-Mark Zuckerberg, 2014
“
“
What defines a technological tool-one historical definition-is
something that takes a human’s sense or ability and
augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for example, I
wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that
enhances my human ability of vision and makes it better.
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WHAT IS SOCIETY?
the sum total of our interactions as
humans, including the interactions that
we engage in to figure things out and
to make things
a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction, or a large
social group
sharing the same
geographical or social
territory,
typically subject to the same political
authority and
dominant cultural
expectations
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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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THE ROLES/IMPACTS
OF SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY
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Style
ST alters the way people live,
connect, communicate and transact,
with profound effects on economic
development.
The effect of science on society is
neither entirely beneficial nor
entirely detrimental.
ST is key driver to development,
because technological and
scientific revolutions underpin
economic advances,
improvements in health systems,
education and infrastructure.
The technological revolutions of the 21st
century are emerging from entirely new
sectors, based on micro-processors, telecommunications, bio-technology and nanotechnology.
ST is an engine of growth.
Paved way to interventions
for cognitive enhancement,
proton cancer therapy and
genetic engineering.
Considered as differentiators between
countries that are able to tackle poverty
effectively by growing and developing
their economies, and those that are not.
ST have the power to better
the lives of poor people in
developing countries.
ST influences society and vice versa.
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Infographic
Style
STS
AS A DISCIPLINE
(STS) is the study of how society, politics,
and culture affect scientific research and
technological innovation, and how these,
in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
STS is a relatively recent discipline,
originating in the 60s and 70s, following
Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific
Revolutions (1962).
STS was the result of a “sociological
turn” in science studies.
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Goals of GSTS
Confront
Realities
Spread
Awareness
Environmental
Awareness
Reflective
Knowledge
Next topic
MODULE 1
Historical
Antecedents of
Science and
Technology Through
the Course of Time
Timeline StyleOF ST (outline)
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
Ancient
ages
Middle
ages
Modern
ages
Philippine
Pre Spanish to
Post
Commonwealth
Present
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1. Ancient Times







Transportation and navigation
Communication and Record keeping
Mass production
Security and Protection
Health and aesthetics
Engineering
Architecture
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Transportation and
navigation
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Communication
and Recordkeeping
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Mass production
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Security and
Protection
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Health and
aesthetics
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Engineering
Historical Antecedents in the Course of
Science and Technology
1.
Ancient Times
 Architecture
ANCIENT TIMES-Sumerian Civilization
CUNEIFORM
•
•
•
•
cuneus
Writing system
keep records
The Epic of
Gilgamesh
URUK CITY
•
•
•
1ST true city
Architectural work
made of clay, mud,
sun-baked bricks
Symbol of power
IRRIGATION &
DIKES
GREAT ZIGGURAT
OF UR
•
•
•
Mountain of God
Platforms of solid
core mud brick
Dedicated to moon
god Nanna
•
Solved problems of
flooding, water
scarcity, farming,
harvesting, food
production
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ANCIENT TIMES-Sumerian Civilization
SAILBOAT
•
Transportation of
goods
PLOW
WHEEL
•
•
•
Farm work and
food processes
Mass production
Rice mill
•
•
Dig ground
Cultivate land for
increased crop
production
ROADS
•
•
First roads
For easier
transportation
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ANCIENT TIMES-Babylonian Civilization
THE HANGING
GARDENS
Founded by Amorites
•
•
Layers upon layers
of gardens
Several species of
plants
CODE OF
HAMMURABI
•
•
An eye for an eye,
a tooth for a tooth
Sets of laws on
religion, agriculture,
administration
RELIGION
•
•
Polytheists
Gods & Goddesses
–birth ,sorrows,
suffering,
happiness, death
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ANCIENT TIMES-Egyptian Civilization
THE PYRAMIDS
•
•
Tombs fro pharaohs
and queens
Smooth anglessymbolized rays of
the sun
MUMMIFICATION
•
PAPYRUS
•
Long journey after
life on earth
Safe-keeping of
records that were
often destroyed by
raiders
INK
•
•
Soot with different
chemicals
Record history,
culture and codified
laws
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ANCIENT TIMES-Egyptian Civilization
HIEROGLYPHICS
•
•
•
Holy writing
Walls of pyramids
Record of
Egyptian’s history
and culture
WIG
COSMETICS
•
•
•
Health and
aesthetics
Kohl-soot & galena
Makeup-protections,
holiness
•
Wigs-protection
against sunrays, lice
CLEPSYDRA
•
•
Water clock
Gravity that affects
flow of water from
vessel to another
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ANCIENT TIMES-Greek Civilization
ALARM CLOCK
•
Use of water or
pebbles/sand that
dropped into drums
which creates
sound
ODOMETER
WATER MILL
•
Agricultural
processes
•
Measures distance
OLYMPICS
•
Religious festival in
honor of Zeus
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ANCIENT TIMES-Greek Civilization
GEOMETRY
•
Geometric facts for
deductive
reasoning
HIPPOCRATIC
OATH
MEDICINE
•
Symptoms of
pneumonia,
epilepsy, etc.
•
Hippocrates-Father
of Medicine
EXPERIMENTS
•
Human body
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ANCIENT TIMES-Roman Civilization
NEWSPAPER
•
•
•
Acta diurna
Gazzettes
Government
information
CODEX
•
Bound books
covered with wax
then replaced with
animal skin
ARCHITECTURE
•
Cathedrals,
basilicas,
coliseums ,aqueduc
ts, amphitheaters,
houses
NUMERALS
•
Roman numerals
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ANCIENT TIMES-Roman Civilization
JULIAN
CALENDAR
•
Republican
calendar
CATAPULT
AEOLIPILE
•
•
Precursor of steam
engine
Aka Hero’s engine
AIR
CONDITIONER
•
•
Medieval artillery
for hurling
stones,missiles
weapon
•
Water from
aqueducts
circulated through
walls to cool
houses
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ANCIENT TIMES-Chinese Civilization
SILK
•
Silk trade-exchange
of culture,
knowledge, goods
TEA
•
Wheel-based
machine that
shreds tea leaves
intro strips
GREAT WALL OF
CHINA
•
•
Control boarders of
China
Made with stone,
brick, wood, etc.
GUN POWDER
•
•
•
•
Alchemist
Charcoal, sulfur,
potassium nitrate
Weapon
Fireworks
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2. Medieval/ Middle Ages
 Between the fall of roman empire and beginning of renaissance
 Marked by massive invasions and migrations
 Wars were prevalent
 Weaponry, navigation, mass food production, farm production, health
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
PRINTING PRESS
•
•
•
Johan Guttenberg
Wooden machine
that extracted
juices from fruits
Metal impressions
create exact copy
TELESCOPE
MICROSCOPE
•
•
•
Zacharias Janssen
For observation of
small organisms
Guided by
principles used in
eyeglasses
•
•
•
Hans Lippershey
Galileo GalileiFather of modern
Science
Astronomy
WAR WEAPONS
•
•
•
Offense & defense
Cross bow. Long
bow
Body armors
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3. Modern Ages/ Industrial Revolution
 Industrialization
 Increase in population
 Demands more goods, faster transportation, more effective communication,
developments in health and education
Transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840
MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
STEAM ENGINE
•
•
James Watt
Heat to motion
OIL REFINERY
PASTEURIZATION
•
•
Louis Pasteur
Heat processing
liquids/foods to kill
bacteria
•
•
Samuel M. Kier
Invented kerosene
from refining
TELEPHONE
•
•
Alexander Graham
Bell
communication
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MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
MECHANICAL
CALULATOR
•
•
Blaise Pascal
Easier arithmetic
calculation
CAR
ELECTRICITY
•
•
•
William Gilbert
Forces in friction
Benjamin Franklinexperimentations in
electricity
•
•
Henry Ford
T-car model
AIRPLANE
•
Orville & Wilbur
Wright
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4. Philippine Inventions
 vulnerable to natural disasters
PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
KAMPILAN
•
•
Filipino sword
Used by Datus and
Sultans as symbol
of power, wealth,
status
BAYBAYIN
•
Indigenous scripts of
pre-colonial Phils
SALAMANDER
AMPHIBIOUS
TRICYCLE
ERYTHROMYCIN
•
•
Dr. Abelardo Aguilar
antibiotic
•
•
Dominic Chung
Lamberto Armada
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PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
SALt LAMP
•
•
Sustainable
Alternative Lighting
Lamp
Aisa Mijeno
•
•
•
MEDICAL
INCUBATOR
Dr. Fe Del Mundo
Native laundry basket
inside bigger one
Hot water bottles
inserted in between
for warmth
MOSQUITO
OVICIDAL/
LARVICIDAL TRAP
SYSTEM
•
E-JEEPNEY
•
Uses electricity
instead of diesel
DOST
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5. Cradles of Early Science
CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
Mesoamerica
Maya
Inca
Asia
Aztec
India
China
Africa
Middle East
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MESOAMERICA-MAYA
Advanced
understanding of
astronomy into
their temples and
religious
structures
Predicting eclipses
El Castillo pyramid
Astrological cycles
in planting and
harvesting
Chichen Itza situated at
the location of the Sun
during the spring and
fall equinoxes
2 complicated
calendar system
Religion rituals and
cultural celebrations
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MESOAMERICA-MAYA
Hydraulics system
with sophisticated
waterways for
water supply
Weaving looms
Glittery paints made
rom a mica
f
Maya hieroglyphic
complex, unique signs
or glyphs in the form o
f humans, animals, su
pernaturals, objects, a
nd abstract designs
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MESOAMERICA-INCAN
Suspension
bridges
Quipu
Knotted ropes to
keep records
Textile
Inti
Sun God
Themes in metallurgy
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MESOAMERICA-INCAN
Roads paved with
stone
Stone buildings
which are
disaster-proof
Irrigation system
Calendar with 12
months
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MESOAMERICA-AZTEC
Mandatory
education
Chocolates
Antispasmodic
medication
Chinampa
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MESOAMERICA-AZTEC
Calendar
Canoe
Mosaic masks made of t
urquoise, obsidian, an
d green or black
stone
Weapons
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ASIA-INDIA
Known for
manufacturing iron
and in metallurgical
works
Ayurveda
Astronomy
Mathematics
Mohendojaro Ruler
Standard measurement
of length
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ASIA-INDIA
Aryabhata
Aryabhatiya
Place value system
Approximation of π
Trigonometry
Brahmagupta
Defined the properties
of the number zero,
both as a placeholder
and a decimal digit
Madhava
mathematical analysis
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ASIA-CHINA
Acupuncture
Compass
Heavenly bodies and
lunar calendars
Papermaking
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ASIA-MIDDLE EAST
Hasan Ibn al-Haytham
Father of Optics
**Intromission Theory of
Light
Muhammad ibn Musa a
l-Khwarizmi
Algorithm in
mathematics
Algebra from al-jabr
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Father of Chemistry
Ibn Sina
Experimental medicine
Clinical trial
Contagious nature of
nfectious diseases
Pharmacology
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AFRICA
Geometry
Lebombo Bone
Alchemy
Human anatomy
Pharmacology
Medicine
Astronomy
Calendar
Solar, lunar, stellar
Metallurgy
Iron technology
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END
Quiz next meeting!