What is MDG
● MDG stands for Millennium Development Goals, which were a set of eight goals that the
United Nations (UN) member states agreed to achieve by 2015. The goals were
intended to improve the lives of the world's poorest people.
How was MDGs created
● In 2000, leaders of 189 countries signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration at
the United Nations Millennium Summit
● The MDGs were derived from the Millennium Declaration
● All 191 UN member states and at least 22 international organizations committed to
helping achieve the MDGs
How was MDGs replaced
In 2015, the MDGs were replaced by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
●
● Governments have pledged to meet the SDGs by 2030
MDG
● Goal 1: Eliminating extreme poverty and hunger
○ Target: a global initiative of reducing poverty, increasing food security and
achieving full employment opportunities for people.
○ From 1,926 million people living in extreme poverty worldwide in 1990, it is
estimated that 56% has decreased by 2015 with 836 million people.
● Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
○ Target: Ensure that all children, regardless of gender, have access to free and
compulsory primary education.
○ The primary school enrolment rate in developing regions rose from 83% in 2000
to 91% in 2015. Globally, out-of-school children dropped by a half estimate of 100
million in 2000 to 56 million in 2015.
● Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
○ Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably
by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015.
○ Enrollment of girls in primary, secondary and tertiary education has significantly
increased compared to 15 years ago. While women in the work field increased by
35% to 41%.
● Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
○ Target: Reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-third, between 1990 and
2015. Between 1990 and 2015, (from 12.7 million in 1990 to 6.3 million in 2015)
mortality rate declined by 49%. Through measles immunization, measles cases
●
●
●
●
eclined by 67% and about 84% of children worldwide received this vaccine in
d
2013 and 73% in 2000.
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
○ Women need access to good quality reproductive health care and effective
interventions. Contraceptive use, such as contraceptive pills, injections, and
intrauterine devices (IUD) among married or partnered women aged 15 to 49
globally increased from 55% in 1990 to 64% in 2015.
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases
○ Target: offers prevention, treatment, and global partnership to reduce the spread
and impacts of these diseases.
○ Target 1: halting and reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS through public awareness
campaigns to vulnerable groups such as the youth.
○ target 2: universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment by requiring individuals to
receive Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
○ target 3: halting and reversing the incidence of malaria and other major diseases,
by distributing insecticide treated mosquito nets, improving diagnostic tools, and
promote TB prevention and treatment programs.
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
○ Integrate sustainable development principles into country policies and programs;
reverse the loss of environmental resources.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
○ Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,non-discriminatory trading and
financial system; address the special needs of the least developed countries.
What is SDG?
he sustainable development goals are 17 global targets adopted by
T
the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and
ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity. They
recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that
development must balance social, economic, and environmental
sustainability in order to achieve a healthy community.
SDGs
● G
oal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere -Eradicate extreme poverty by 2030
by targeting vulnerable populations, increasing access to basic resources and services,
and addressing issues of inequality and conflict.
● Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote
sustainable agriculture- aims to ensure that everyone everywhere has enough
good-quality food to lead a healthy life
● G
oal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages- includes
strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early
warning, risk reduction and management and global health risk
● Goal 4:Ensure inclusive and equitable quality educationand promote life-long learning
opportunities for all - includes equal access for all women and men to affordable and
quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including universities
● G
oal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls - Ending all forms of
discrimination against women and girls across all other development areas.
● Goal 6:Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
● Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
● Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work for all
● Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization, and foster innovation -Expectto have invested more than $100
trillion in sustainable infrastructure assets, twice the present stocks of public capital
globally by 2030.
● Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
● Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
● Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
● Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
● Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for
sustainable development
● Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation,
and halt biodiversity loss
● Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels
● Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership
for sustainable development
MDGs - are set to expire in 2015
SDGs - proposed by the UN General Assembly open.
Working Group () in July 2014
Spans from 2015 - 2030
To achieve a better and more sustainable future by 2030.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) represents a significant evolution in global development priorities.
While the MDGs focused on addressing critical issues such as poverty, education, and health
with measurable success by 2015, the SDGs have expanded the agenda to include 17
comprehensive goals aimed at achieving sustainable development by 2030. This shift
emphasizes inclusivity, sustainability, and global partnerships to address complex challenges
like climate change, inequality, and economic growth, aiming to create a balanced and equitable
future for all.
References:
ttps://www.sdgfund.org/mdgs-sdgs?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2eivtkZMD-JESHdE0E
h
09jlWbWMQndygr5pVZVg3fs68Dp7g_H3yQ6aMHY_aem_x244frFs3bIEWiyplqYSdw
ttps://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%2
h
01).pdf?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2KPazKaZm6_milwt8hCN0t0D-ohiNu2h0HbivQFhs
W3tl123ZYANxj0K0_aem_j9GD5CpivfVA8WIk_wN0Nw
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/millennium-development-goals-(mdgs)
ttps://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%2
h
01).pdf
0
