Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 18: Nervous System Cells
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the
nervous
systems.
a. peripheral and afferent
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic
c. sympathetic and efferent
d. parasympathetic and somatic
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 391
2. A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):
a. motor neuron.
b. sensory neuron.
c. interneuron.
d. bipolar neuron.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
REF: p. 400
3. The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the:
a. astrocytes.
b. microglia.
NURSINGTB.COM
c. ependymal cells.
d. oligodendrocytes.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of Glia
REF: p. 391
4. Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
a. Integrating sensory information
b. Evaluating the information
c. Initiating an outgoing response
d. All of the above are functions of the CNS.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: pp. 389-390
5. The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is
the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
somatic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.
central nervous system.
afferent division.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
6. The myelin sheath is formed by:
a. Nissl bodies.
b. nodes of Ranvier.
c. Schwann cells.
d. neuron cell bodies.
ANS: C
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 393
7. Which is not true of the myelin sheath?
a. It is associated with white fibers in the brain.
b. It is important for nerve impulse conduction.
c. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
d. It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 400
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
8. Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except:
a. there is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS.
b. astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth.
c. microglia lay down scar tissue.
d. All of these lessen the chance of healing in the CNS.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: pp. 401-402
9. Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:
IN
GT. B.COM
a. dendrite, axon, cell body,NaU
ndRrS
ece
ptor
b. dendrite, cell body, and axon.
c. axon, cell body, and dendrite.
d. receptor, axon, and cell body.
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 395
TOP: Neurons
10. A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a
a. multipolar
b. bipolar
c. unipolar
d. multidendritic
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
neuron.
REF: p. 397
11. Which is true of a reflex arc?
a. It does not involve the brain.
b. It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
c. It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and an interneuron.
d. It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, the brain, and the
spinal cord.
ANS: B
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. Multipolar neurons have:
a. multiple axons and multiple dendrites.
b. multiple axons and one dendrite.
c. multiple dendrites and one axon.
d. one dendrite and one axon.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
REF: p. 397
13. Most unipolar neurons are usually:
a. motor neurons.
b. neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
c. sensory neurons.
d. neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
REF: p. 395, Table 18-1
14. Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:
a. endoneurium.
b. perineurium.
c. macroneurium.
d. epineurium.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
15. Gray matter in the brain and N
spU
inR
alScI
orN
dG
coTnB
si.
stC
s pOrM
imarily of:
a. nerve fibers.
b. neuroglia.
c. axons.
d. cell bodies.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 401
16. The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:
a. myelinated fibers.
b. nuclei.
c. unmyelinated fibers.
d. ganglia.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
17. Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have:
a. nodes of Ranvier.
b. a neurilemma.
c. a myelin sheath.
d. neurofibrils.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 402
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
18. Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?
a. Water
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Glucose
d. Dopamine
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Blood-Brain Barrier (Box 18-1)
REF: p. 393, Box 18-1
19. A lack of which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson’s disease?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Endorphins
c. Dopamine
d. Enkephalin
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Blood-Brain Barrier (Box 18-1)
20. Dendrites conduct impulses
a. toward
b. away from
c. within
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A
TOP: Dendrites
REF: p. 393, Box 18-1
cell bodies.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
21. Interneurons reside in the: NURSINGTB.COM
a. CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
b. CNS only.
c. PNS only.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functional Classification
REF: p. 398
22. Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?
a. Endoneurium
b. Perineurium
c. Epineurium
d. Fascicle
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
23. Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called
a. sensory
b. motor
c. mixed
d. Schwann
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 400
nerves.
REF: p. 400
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Functional Classification
24. Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called:
a. nuclei.
b. tracts.
c. ganglia.
d. axons.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 401
25. The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?
a. Detect changes in the external environment.
b. Detect changes in the internal environment.
c. Evaluate changes in the environment.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Nervous System
REF: p. 405
26. In the human nervous system:
a. most of the cells are neurons.
b. most of the cells are glia cells.
c. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
d. the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system.
ANS: B
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
NURSINGTB.COM
27. Astrocytes attach to:
a. neurons.
b. oligodendrocytes.
c. blood vessels.
d. both A and C.
ANS: D
TOP: Astrocytes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
28. One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is:
a. astrocytes.
b. neurons.
c. myelin.
d. oligodendrocytes.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Blood-Brain Barrier (Box 18-1)
REF: p. 393, Box 18-1
29. Which of the following statements does not apply to ependymal cells?
a. They form the sheets of cells that line fluid-filled cavities in the brain.
b. They make up part of the blood-brain barrier.
c. They produce fluid that fills the cavities in the brain.
d. They have cilia to move fluid in the brain.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ependymal Cells
REF: p. 392
30. Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS?
a. Oligodendrocytes
b. Astrocytes
c. Microglia
d. Ependymal cells
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 394
TOP: Peripheral Glia
31. The telodendria are:
a. the receptor portion of the dendrite.
b. where the dendrite attaches to the cell body.
c. where the axon leaves the cell body.
d. none of the above.
ANS: D
TOP: Axon
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
32. What protein molecule very similar to hemoglobin temporarily stores a “backup” supply of
oxygen in nervous tissue?
a. Myoglobin
b. Neuroglobin
c. Nissl substance
d. Neurofibril
ANS: B
TOP: Neurons
DIF:
B.C M
NURSINGT
O
Memorization
REF: p. 395, Box 18-3
33. In a three-neuron reflex arc, the afferent neurons synapse with the:
a. interneuron.
b. efferent neuron.
c. contralateral neuron.
d. ipsilateral neuron.
ANS: A
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
34. The nervous system can be divided:
a. according to its structure.
b. according to direction of information flow.
c. by control of effectors.
d. in all of the above ways.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Nervous System
35. The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate:
a. skeletal muscles.
b. smooth muscles.
c. glands.
d. cardiac muscle.
REF: p. 389
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 391
36. The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:
a. stimulate the fight-or-flight response.
b. maintain normal resting activity.
c. carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
d. do both A and B.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 391
37. The other term for cell body is:
a. telodendria.
b. perikaryon.
c. Nissl body.
d. axon hillock.
ANS: B
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 395
38. Which of the following is not true of a three-neuron ipsilateral reflex?
a. It contains an interneuron.
b. The impulse leaves the CNS on the same side as the one on which it entered.
c. The impulse leaves the CNS on the side opposite to the one from which it entered.
d. It stimulates an action potential in a motor neuron.
ANS: C
DIF:
AN
pplicRatioI
n
F:.C
p. 39M9
U S NGRTEB
O
TOP: Reflex Arc
39. Which is the only glia cell that is found outside of the CNS?
a. Schwann cell
b. Oligodendrocyte
c. Astrocyte
d. Ependymal cell
ANS: A
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
40. The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the
REF: p. 392
pathway of the
nervous
system.
a. afferent; somatic
b. afferent; autonomic
c. efferent; somatic
d. efferent; autonomic
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: pp. 390-391
41. Preparing the body for “fight or flight” describes the function of the
a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic
c. somatic
nervous system.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. Both B and C are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 391
42. Which of the following structures is (are) not found on the axon?
a. Axon hillock
b. Telodendria
c. Synaptic knob
d. All of the above structures are found on the axon.
ANS: A
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
43. What is the relationship between the afferent and efferent neurons of the reflex arc?
a. The afferent neurons move signals to the CNS, and the efferent neurons move
signals away from the CNS.
b. The afferent neurons move signals away from the CNS, and the efferent neurons
move signals to the CNS.
c. Afferent neurons are present in the brain, and efferent neurons are present at the
sensory site.
d. None. Efferent neurons are only present in gray matter of the brain and are needed
for the reflex arc to work correctly.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 399
TOP: Reflex Arc
44. If there were lesions on a bundle of myelinated fibers, what would occur?
a. Nerve conduction would be enhanced with an increase in motor coordination.
Nects
RSofItNhes
GT
B.CofMlesions.
b. There would be no side effU
e types O
c. Nerve conduction would be impaired, and weakness, loss of coordination, and
visual impairment would occur.
d. Nerve conduction would be impaired, and neuromas would develop.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 394, Box 18-2
TOP: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Box 18-2)
45. Neurons have:
a. complete regeneration capacity.
b. no regeneration capacity.
c. very limited capacity to repair themselves.
d. none of the above.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 401
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
46. After a stroke, there is usually some damage to brain tissue. What type of neuroglia would
you expect to find invading the affected area?
a. Astrocytes
b. Ependymal cells
c. Microglia
d. Oligodendrocytes
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 392
TOP: Peripheral Glia
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
REF: p. 390
3. Multiple sclerosis is the most common primary disease of the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Box 18-2)
REF: p. 394
4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating
brain tissue.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 392
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oligodendrocytes
REF: p. 393
NURSINGTB.COM
6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated
fibers, or gray fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peripheral Glia
REF: p. 394
7. Small, lipid-soluble molecules can diffuse easily across the blood-brain barrier.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Blood-Brain Barrier (Box 18-1)
REF: p. 393, Box 18-1
8. Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are unipolar.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
REF: p. 397
9. In a contralateral reflex arc, the receptors and effectors are located on opposite sides of the
body.
ANS: T
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
10. In an ipsilateral arc, the effectors and receptors are on opposite sides of the body.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
11. Groups of cell bodies located in the brain or spinal cord are referred to as ganglia.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
12. Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 402
13. In an adult, brain cells do not undergo mitosis, except to replace neurons that have been
damaged or destroyed.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 402
14. Regeneration of nerve fibers will occur only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a
neurilemma.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 401
15. If a motor neuron is damaged, it can cause the muscle it innervates to atrophy because of lack
of stimulation.
N R I G TB.COM
U S N
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 402
16. The nervous system is designed to detect stimuli from both the internal and external
environment.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
17. The nervous system can be divided according to structure, direction of information flow, and
speed of conduction.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
18. The efferent division of the nervous system consists of mostly sensory pathways.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
19. Small, distinct regions of gray matter within the CNS are called nuclei.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 401
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
20. Most nerves in the human nervous system are mixed.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
21. Neurons have, at best, a limited ability to repair themselves.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 401
22. Regeneration of nerve fibers is impossible, even if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a
neurilemma.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 401
23. There are differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems concerning the
repair of damaged fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 402
24. Bundles of unmyelinated fibers make up what is referred to as white matter.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
N R I G B.C M
25. Rapid succession stimulation oU
f a pSostN
synT
aptic neO
uron by a synaptic knob is called an
ipsilateral reflex.
ANS: F
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
26. Cranial nerves are considered part of the CNS.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
27. Spinal nerves are considered part of the PNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
28. When “central” and “peripheral” are used as directional terms in the nervous system, a nerve
fiber may be called peripheral if it extends from the cell body toward the CNS.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: p. 389
29. When “central” and “peripheral” are used as directional terms in the nervous system, a nerve
fiber may be called peripheral if it extends from the cell body away from the CNS.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
30. The CNS is composed of efferent nerves only.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
REF: p. 390
31. The PNS includes both efferent and afferent nerves.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
REF: p. 390
32. Pathways from the autonomic nervous system that form the thoracic region of the spinal cord
would be sympathetic pathways.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 391
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
33. Pathways from the autonomic nervous system that leave the CNS from the brain would be
sympathetic pathways.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 391
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
34. The name for the astrocyte comes from its shape.
ANS: T
TOP: Astrocytes
DIF:
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
Mem
zatioN
n
REF: p. 391
35. Part of the function of the astrocyte is to help feed the neurons.
ANS: T
TOP: Astrocytes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
36. Microglia are functionally and developmentally very close to neurons.
ANS: F
TOP: Microglia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
37. The microglia engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris.
ANS: T
TOP: Microglia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
38. Oligodendrocytes are found only around dendrites of neurons of the CNS.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oligodendrocytes
39. Gray fibers have no association with Schwann cells.
REF: p. 393
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peripheral Glia
REF: p. 394
40. Gray fibers probably do not have nodes of Ranvier.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 394
TOP: Peripheral Glia
41. Cell body and perikaryon are interchangeable terms.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 395
42. In neurons, microtubules are called neurofibrils.
ANS: F
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
43. Unipolar neurons have no axons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
REF: p. 397
44. Nerves are usually made up of a single large neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
N R I G B.C M
45. Whether a group of nerve fiberU
s isS
callN
ed aTnerve O
or a tract depends on its location.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
46. Astrocytes attempt to assist the neurons of the CNS in healing and regrowth.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 401
47. Like other cells of the nervous system, glia cells have lost their capacity for cell division.
ANS: F
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
48. Astrocytes, the star-shaped glia cells, may be able to transmit information along “astrocyte
pathways.”
ANS: T
TOP: Astrocytes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
49. The Greek word for tree correctly describes the shape of the axon.
ANS: F
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
50. Microtubules and microfilaments provide a type of “railway” for the rapid transport of
organelles to and from the ends of the neuron.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
51. The words nerve and neuron mean the same thing.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
REF: p. 400
52. Damage to a single neuron can have a “domino” effect causing the shutdown of an entire
nerve pathway.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 402
53. The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system stimulate muscles and do not have a
sensory component.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: pp. 390-391
54. The nervous system and the endocrine system share a common function of communication.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
NURSINGTB.COM
55. The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is commonly described as preparing the
body for “fight or flight.”
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 391
56. If a person were in a high-stress, emergency situation, the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system would be active.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 391
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
57. If a skeletal muscle moved, it would be responding to the somatic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
58. Microglia are associated with the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
ANS: F
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
59. The blood-brain barrier is so effective that only water molecules are able to cross it.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Blood-Brain Barrier (Box 18-1)
REF: p. 393, Box 18-1
60. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes share a common function, but in different parts of the
nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 393
TOP: Glia
61. Satellite cells are oligodendrocytes that surround the cell bodies of neurons in the CNS.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peripheral Glia
REF: p. 394
62. Bipolar and multipolar are examples of the structural classification of neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structural Classification
REF: p. 397
63. All reflex arcs contain an interneuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 399
TOP: Reflex Arc
64. One distinction between ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes is that contralateral reflexes have
interneurons and ipsilateral reflexes do not.
ANS: F
TOP: Reflex Arc
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
NURSINGTB.COM
65. Only astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS; Schwann cells and
ependymal cells are found in the PNS.
ANS: F
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 391-393
66. The endoneurium is deep to the epineurium.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 400
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
67. The epineurium is deep to the perineurium.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 400
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
68. It is now known that fresh new neurons are often added to existing networks of neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
REF: p. 401
69. The axon hillock is actually part of the cell body of the neuron.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
70. The nervous system contains two types of cells, neurons and glia cells, but only neurons
conduct nerve impulses.
ANS: T
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
71. The word glia means “support,” which accurately describes their function in the nervous
system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of Glia
REF: p. 391
72. There are about 900 million glia cells in the nervous system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of Glia
REF: p. 391
73. Ependymal cells act like epithelial cells in the CNS, forming thin sheets that line cavities.
ANS: T
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
74. Only axons are covered in myelin.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
N R I G B.C M
75. There are more glia cells in theUbraS
in tN
hanT
there arO
e neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of Glia
REF: p. 391
76. Some astrocytes have cilia that help keep the fluid in the nervous system moving.
ANS: F
TOP: Astrocytes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
77. Dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body.
ANS: T
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
78. Dendrites have many synaptic knobs so they can receive impulses from several other neurons
at the same time.
ANS: F
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
79. Interneurons are found only in the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 398
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Functional Classification
MATCHING
Match each of the following cell types with its corresponding description.
a. Astrocyte
b. Oligodendrocyte
c. Microglia
d. Schwann cell
e. Ependymal cell
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Has the capability of phagocytosis
Microglia
Helps form the blood-brain barrier Astrocytes
Type of neuroglia that forms neurilemma Schwann cell
Resembles epithelial cells and lines fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord
Produces the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the CNS Oligodendrocyte
1. ANS: C
TOP: Glia
2. ANS: A
TOP: Glia
3. ANS: D
TOP: Glia
4. ANS: E
TOP: Glia
5. ANS: B
TOP: Glia
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 391
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 393
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 392
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 393
NURSINGTB.COM
Ependymal cell
Match each part of the nervous system with its corresponding description.
a. Afferent division
b. Autonomic nervous system
c. Central nervous system
d. Efferent division
e. Parasympathetic division
f. PNS
g. Somatic nervous system
h. Sympathetic division
Consists of the brain and spinal cord efferent division
Consists of nerves that lie in the periphery of the nervous system afferent division
PNS subdivision that transmits incoming information from the sensory organs to the CNSafferent divisi
Produces the “fight-or-flight” response sympathetic division
Subdivision that carries information from the CNS to skeletal muscle somatic NS
Subdivision of the efferent division that transmits information to smooth muscle, cardiac Autonomic NS
muscle, and glands
12. Consists of all the outgoing pathways Efferent division
13. Sometimes called the “rest-and-repair” division parasympathetic division
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
6. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
REF: p. 389
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
7. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
8. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
9. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
DIF: Memorization
10. ANS: G
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
DIF: Memorization
11. ANS: B
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
DIF: Memorization
12. ANS: D
TOP: Afferent and Efferent Divisions
DIF: Memorization
13. ANS: E
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
REF: p. 390
REF: p. 390
REF: p. 391
REF: p. 391
REF: p. 391
REF: p. 390
REF: p. 391
Match each term with its definition or description.
a. Cell body
b. Axon
c. Nodes of Ranvier
d. Dendrite
e. Myelin
f. Neurofibrils
Nerve fiber that is highly branched; the name comes from the Greek word for tree Dendrite
Fatty sheath around nerve fibers made by Schwann cells Myelin
Distal tips of these nerve fibers end in branches called telodendria Axon
Microscopic gaps in the myelin sheath
NURSINGTB.COM Nodes of ranvier
18. Contains the nucleus and various organelles for the neuron Cell body
19. Bundles of intermediate filaments in the neuron Neurofibrils
14.
15.
16.
17.
14. ANS: D
TOP: Neurons
15. ANS: E
TOP: Glia
16. ANS: B
TOP: Neurons
17. ANS: C
TOP: Glia
18. ANS: A
TOP: Neurons
19. ANS: F
TOP: Neurons
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 394
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 396
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 394
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 395
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 397
OTHER
1. What two systems perform the vital functions of communication and integration of body
processes?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
The two systems that perform the vital functions of communication and integration of body processes are
the nervous system and the endocrine system
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
TOP: Introduction
2. What comprises the CNS?
ANS:
The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord.
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 389
TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
3. What is the major function of neurons?
ANS:
The major function of neurons is to transmit and process information through electrical and
chemical signals within the nervous system.
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 395
TOP: Glia
4. What type of neuron is always a sensory receptor?
The type of neuron that is always a sensory receptor is a sensory (afferent) neuron.
Answers will vary. These neurons detect stimuli and transmit signals from sensory receptors to the
central nervous system.
ANS:
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
TOP: Neurons
5. Name two types of tissue that are effectors.
Muscle tissue – responsible for movement (e.g., skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle)
N R I G B.C M
ANS:
U S– responsible
N T forOsecretion (e.g., sweat glands, salivary glands)
Answers will vary. Glandular tissue
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 399
TOP: Reflex Arc
6. What is the difference between nuclei and ganglia?
ANS:
Nuclei are neuron cell clusters in the CNS, while ganglia are in the PNS.
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 401
TOP: Nerves and Tracts
7. Describe the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
ANS:
The somatic system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic system controls
involuntary body function
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 390-391
TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
8. Name and briefly describe the types of glia cells found in the nervous system.
Glial cells support and protect neurons. Key types include:
ANS:
Astrocytes – support and nourish neurons
Answers will vary.
Microglia – immune defense
Oligodendrocytes – myelin in CNS
Schwann cells – myelin in PNS
NURSINGTB.COM
Ependymal cells – make cerebrospinal fluid
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 391-394
The three parts of a neuron are:
TOP: Glia
9. Name and describe the three parts of the neuron.
Cell body (soma) – Contains the nucleus and organelles; processes information.
ANS:
Dendrites – Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
Answers will vary.
Axon – Long fiber that sends signals away from the cell body to other neurons or
REF: pp. 395-396 TOP: Neurons
effectors.
DIF: Memorization
10. Name the two ways in which neurons are classified. Name and describe the types of neurons
in each classification. Structure: Unipolar – one process, sensory & Bipolar – one axon, one dendrite,
special senses
Multipolar – one axon, many dendrites, common in CNS
ANS:
Function: Sensory – carry info to CNS & Motor – carry commands from CNS
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 397-398
TOP: Classification of Neurons
11. Explain the types of reflex arc. Differentiate between a contralateral reflex arc and an
ipsilateral reflex arc.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 399
TOP: Reflex Arc
12. Explain how a neuron can repair itself. What increases the likelihood of repair; what decreases
the likelihood of repair? If repair is not possible, what other options are possible to innervate
the effector organ?
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 401-402
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
ESSAY
1. Sue was in a severe car accident. She had injuries to her arm and lower spinal column. Her
physician told her that she most likely would regain the use of her arm but her legs would be
paralyzed. Why did he say that? Explain the differences in the neuron structures.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 401-402
TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers
The physician said this because nerves in the arm (part of the peripheral nervous system) can often
regenerate, while neurons in the spinal cord (central nervous system) generally cannot.
Peripheral nerves, like those in the arm, are supported by Schwann cells, which help repair damaged
axons. In contrast, the spinal cord contains oligodendrocytes, which do not support regeneration well. That’s
why arm function may return, but spinal cord damage often causes permanent paralysis in the legs.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential?
a. The cell membrane is permeable to Na+ but impermeable to K+ ions.
b. The outer surface of the plasma membrane has a negative charge.
c. The highest concentration of K+ is extracellular.
d. The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
2. The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is:
a. the membrane potential moves immediately to a value of +30 mV.
b. the potassium channels open.
c. the sodium channels are inactivated.
d. some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Action Potential
REF: p. 411
3. Which is true of an action potential?
a. The plasma membrane is impermeable to Na+ and K+ ions.
b. Na+ ions move extracellularly.
c. The charges become equaNl U
onRthe
e.
anC
dO
inM
side of the plasma membrane.
SIou
NGtsid
TB
d. The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is
positively charged.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 414
TOP: Action Potential
4. The only ion(s) that can diffuse across a neuron’s membrane when the neuron is at rest is
(are):
a. sodium.
b. potassium.
c. proteins.
d. phosphate.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 410
5. A slight shift away from the resting membrane potentials in a specific region of the plasma
membrane is called a
potential.
a. membrane
b. resting membrane
c. local
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Potentials
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 410
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
6. During a relative refractory period:
a. the action potential cannot be initiated.
b. a resting potential exists.
c. the cell membrane is impermeable to Na+ and K+.
d. the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
7. Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through:
a. changes in the magnitude of the action potential.
b. changes in the length or duration of the action potential.
c. the frequency of nerve impulses.
d. an increase in the number of opening sodium channels.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
8. The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately
per second.
a. 60
b. 85
c. 130
d. 190
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
B.C M
NURSINGT
O
REF: p. 414
9. A synapse consists of:
a. a synaptic knob.
b. a synaptic cleft.
c. the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapses
REF: p. 415
10. A synaptic knob would be located on a(n):
a. cell body.
b. axon.
c. dendrite.
d. cell body, axon, or dendrite.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapses
11. When an impulse reaches a synapse:
a. two nerve fibers come in direct contact.
b. impulses will pass in either direction.
c. an electrical spark will jump the gap.
d. chemical transmitters are released.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 415
meters
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
REF: p. 417
12. Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to:
a. increase the speed of impulse conduction.
b. make the cell membrane impermeable.
c. initiate an action potential.
d. make the resting potential more negative.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 418
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
13. When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse
conduction is called:
a. repolarization.
b. refraction.
c. saltatory conduction.
d. diffusion.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
14. For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, which of the following
channels must open?
a. Sodium and potassium channels
b. Potassium and/or chloride channels
c. Sodium and chloride channels
d. Only the sodium channelN
s R I G
U S N TB.COM
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
REF: p. 417
15. Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
a. Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
b. Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
c. Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs
converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
d. Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are
released.
ANS: C
TOP: Summation
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 418
16. Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters?
a. Triglycerides
b. Amines
c. Amino acids
d. Neuropeptides
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters
17. Serotonin is an example of a(n):
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 421
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
amino acid neurotransmitter.
amine neurotransmitter.
acetylcholine derivative.
neuropeptide neurotransmitter.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 419
18. The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are):
a. acetylcholine.
b. enkephalins.
c. dopamine.
d. norepinephrine.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 424
19. Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:
a. presynaptic terminals.
b. the synaptic cleft.
c. the base of the axon.
d. receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
REF: p. 417
20. Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect?
a. They are among the most common neurotransmitters in the central nervous system
NURSINGTB.COM
(CNS).
b. They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters.
c. Glycine is a widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.
d. All of the above statements are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 423
TOP: Amino Acids
21. Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of:
a. acetylcholine.
b. amines.
c. amino acids.
d. neuropeptides.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Antidepressants (Box 19-2)
REF: p. 421, Box 19-2
22. Which of the following is not used by the body as a neurotransmitter?
a. Nitric oxide
b. Peroxide
c. Carbon monoxide
d. All of the above are used by the body as neurotransmitters.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other Small-Molecule Transmitters
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 424
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
23. Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase
(MAO)?
a. Phenelzine
b. Imipramine
c. Amitriptyline
d. Cocaine
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidepressants (Box 19-2)
24. Compared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n)
a. positive
b. negative
c. equal
d. None of the above are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 421, Box 19-2
charge.
REF: p. 409
25. Acetylcholine is in the same class of neurotransmitters as:
a. serotonin.
b. histamine.
c. dopamine.
d. none of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acetylcholine
REF: p. 421
26. Dopamine, epinephrine, and N
noUreRpS
inI
epNhG
rinTeBa.
reCcO
laM
ssified as:
a. acetylcholine.
b. neuropeptides.
c. catecholamines.
d. none of the above.
ANS: C
TOP: Amines
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 421-422
27. Stimulus-gated channels open in response to:
a. sensory stimuli.
b. the influx of potassium.
c. hyperpolarization.
d. both A and B.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Potentials
REF: p. 410
28. The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the
slowest fibers in the body?
a. Almost 50 times faster
b. Almost 100 times faster
c. Almost 300 times faster
d. Almost 500 times faster
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
29. Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest?
a. A small-diameter neuron without myelin
b. A large-diameter neuron without myelin
c. A large-diameter neuron with myelin
d. A small-diameter neuron with myelin
ANS: C
DIF: Application
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
30. No impulse can be sent through a neuron:
a. during the relative refractory period.
b. when the charge of the neuron is –70.
c. during the absolute refractory period.
d. when the stimulus is too strong.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
31. A synapse can occur only between an axon and:
a. a dendrite.
b. a cell body.
c. another axon.
d. any of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapses
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 415
32. The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that:
a. sodium causes repolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes
depolarization of the cell membrane.
b. sodium causes unipolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes
repolarization of the cell membrane.
c. sodium causes repolarization, and potassium is not required in the action potential
mechanism.
d. sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes
repolarization of the cell membrane.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF: p. 411
TOP: Action Potential
33. A neurologist is using a voltmeter to measure potential. The membrane potential of a neuron
was recorded at +30 mV. This is what type of membrane potential?
a. Action
b. Conduction
c. Polarized
d. Resting
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Types of Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 411
34. Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated?
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
Metabotropic receptor
G-protein-coupled receptors
Gated-channel receptor
Ionotropic receptor
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 420
TRUE/FALSE
1. Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across
their membranes.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 409
TOP: Membrane Potentials
2. When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive
compared with its outer surface.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
3. The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two
sodium ions into the neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
NrU
4. If the threshold potential is su
paR
ssS
edI, N
thG
eT
fuB
ll.pC
eaO
kM
of the action potential is always reached.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 412
TOP: Action Potentials
5. The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 412
TOP: Action Potentials
6. The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the
membrane potential.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 409
7. In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization
the membrane potential moves away from zero.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Potentials
REF: pp. 410-411
8. Whether an impulse is continued through the neuron depends on the magnitude of the voltage
in the axon hillock.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Action Potentials
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 418
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
9. In a myelinated fiber, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
10. The speed of a nerve impulse depends on the neuron’s resting potential.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
11. In a myelinated neuron, the impulse can travel under the myelin between nodes of Ranvier.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
12. The action potential is called an all-or-none response, because if the threshold potential is
surpassed, the full peak of the action is always reached; if the threshold potential is not
surpassed, no action potential will occur.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 414
TOP: Action Potentials
13. Myelinated fibers conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
14. Many anesthetics produce thN
eir eR
ffecIts bG
y inB
hib
itingMthe opening of the potassium channels,
.C
U S impulses.
N T
blocking the repolarization of nerve
O
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anesthetics (Box 19-2)
REF: p. 414, Box 19-1
15. The sensory fibers from the skin generally conduct impulses up to about 130 meters per
second.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
16. The receptors embedded in the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron are protein
molecules.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapse
REF: p. 416
17. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential is produced through the hyperpolarization of the
postsynaptic membrane.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: pp. 416-417
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
18. Spatial summation is the effect produced by a rapid succession of stimuli on a single
postsynaptic neuron.
ANS: F
TOP: Summation
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 418
19. Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to initiate an action potential.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 417
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
20. A neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory, not both.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 417
TOP: Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters
21. A neurotransmitter can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the postsynaptic
receptor.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 417
TOP: Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters
22. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine always has an excitatory effect.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acetylcholine
REF: p. 421
23. When epinephrine and norepN
inepRhrinIe aG
re reBle.aC
sed M
into the bloodstream, they are called
U S N
hormones instead of neurotransmitters.
ANS: T
TOP: Amines
T
O
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 421-422
24. Enkephalins and endorphins are subclasses of amines that are pain relievers.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 424
TOP: Neuropeptides
25. When a neuropeptide is secreted with one or two other neurotransmitters, it is thought to serve
as a neuromodulator, regulating the effects of the other neurotransmitters.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neuropeptides
REF: p. 424
26. A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be depolarized.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 409
27. Action potential and membrane potential are synonymous terms.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Action Potential
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 411
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
28. During the nerve impulse, the internal charge of the neuron becomes briefly positive.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Action Potential
REF: p. 413
29. Action potentials travel in only one direction along a nerve fiber.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
30. Many biologists believe that amino acids are among the most common neurotransmitters in
the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Amino Acids
REF: p. 422
31. Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the release of dopamine.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidepressants (Box 19-2)
REF: p. 421. Box 19-2
32. Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Amino Acids
REF: p. 423, Table 19-4
33. If a membrane exhibits a mem
ane I
poteGntiaBl,.itCis sMaid to be polarized.
NbrR
U S N T
O
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 409
34. When a neuron is resting, its membrane potential is zero.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 409
35. The resting potential of a neuron is maintained by having mostly negative ions on the inside
and mostly positive ions on the outside.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
36. Action potential and nerve impulse are interchangeable terms.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Action Potential
REF: p. 411
37. The opening of stimulus-gated channels is always followed by the opening of voltage-gated
channels.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 411-412
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Action Potential
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
38. Myelinated axons without gaps in the myelin (nodes of Ranvier) conduct impulses more
efficiently than axons with nodes of Ranvier.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
39. In a synapse, both the presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell must be neurons.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 415
TOP: Structure of the Synapse
40. An electrical synapse occurs when a strong action potential is able to arc across a small
synaptic cleft.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of Synapses
REF: p. 415
41. In the mature nervous system, electrical synapses can occur only where there are gap
junctions.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of Synapses
REF: p. 415
42. All neurotransmitters are organic molecules.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 424
TOP: Other Small-Molecule Transmitters
43.43.
NURSINGTB.COM
+
The neuron is able to maintain an internal negative charge by pumping out sodium (Na ) and
pumping in chloride (Cl–).
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
44. There is a time when a neuron will not send a nerve impulse no matter how strong the
stimulus is.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
45. Electrical synapses can be found in muscle tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of Synapses
REF: p. 415
46. Chemical synapses involve neurotransmitters.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Types of Synapses
REF: p. 415
47. Some neurotransmitters use cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a second messenger to cause
a response in the postsynaptic cell.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 420
48. Carbon monoxide is the only neurotransmitter that is a gas rather than a liquid.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 424
49. Local potentials can also be called graded potentials.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Potentials
REF: p. 411
50. Local potentials usually occur in the dendrite or soma of the neuron.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Potentials
REF: p. 410
51. Action potentials usually occur in the axon of the cell.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
52. No impulse can be sent if a nerve cell is in the absolute refractory period.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
NURSINGTB.COM
53. Absolute refractory periods occur in the axon of the cell; relative refractory periods occur in
the dendrite or soma of the cell.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 413
TOP: Refractory Period
54. The cell will send an impulse during the relative refractory period as long as the stimulus is
below threshold.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
55. How long a memory lasts is related to what occurs at a synapse.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Synapses and Memory
REF: p. 419
56. Many anesthetics produce their effects by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Anesthetics (Box 19-1)
REF: p. 414, Box 19-1
57. Within the plasma membrane, ion channels called leak channels are always open.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: p. 410
58. A resting neuron has a positive internal charge.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
59. The depolarization of a neuron is caused by the influx of the positively charged sodium ion
into the cell.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
REF: pp. 409-410
60. The relative refractory period can determine the strength of a stimulus even if the axon
functions on the “all-or-none” law.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Refractory Period
REF: p. 413
61. Synapses between axons are the most common synapses in the nervous system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapses
REF: p. 416
62. Three structures make up a synapse: a synaptic knob, a synaptic cleft, and the plasma
membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
N R I G TB.COM
U S N
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Chemical Synapses
REF: p. 415
63. The influx of sodium ions causes the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic knob.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
REF: pp. 416-417
64. Some neurotransmitters can be transported back to the synaptic knob and be reused by the
neuron.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
REF: pp. 416-417
65. Serotonin and histamine are both in the monoamine subclass of neurotransmitters.
ANS: T
TOP: Amines
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 421
66. The lack of dopamine is linked to the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
ANS: T
TOP: Amines
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 421
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
MATCHING
Match each term with its definition or description.
a. Presynaptic cell
b. Neurotransmitter
c. Postsynaptic cell
d. Synaptic knob
e. Electrical synapse
f. Chemical synapse
g. Synaptic cleft
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Type of synapse that occurs when two cells are joined by a gap junction
Space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells
Tiny bulge at the end of the presynaptic cell
Cell that releases the neurotransmitter
Chemical that carries a nerve impulse across a synaptic cleft
Type of cell that could be a neuron or a muscle cell
Type of synapse in which the signal from the presynaptic to postsynaptic cell is carried by a
neurotransmitter
1. ANS: E
DIF:
TOP: Types of Synapses
2. ANS: G
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Synapse
3. ANS: D
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Synapse
4. ANS: A
DIF:
TOP: Types of Synapses
5. ANS: B
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Synapse
6. ANS: C
DIF:
TOP: Types of Synapses
7. ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Types of Synapses
Memorization
REF: p. 415
Memorization
REF: p. 415
Memorization
REF: p. 415
MN
emo
tion
URriza
SI
NGTB.COM
REF: p. 415
Memorization
REF: p. 415
Memorization
REF: p. 415
Memorization
REF: pp. 415-416
OTHER
1. Describe resting potential, including the position of potassium and sodium ions.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 409-410
TOP: Resting Membrane Potentials
2. Describe the process of impulse conduction across a synapse.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 414
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
3. Choose either IPSP or EPSP, and explain on a physiological basis how it will affect a
postsynaptic neuron.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 417
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
4. Define IPSP and EPSP.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 417
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
5. Explain the ways in which the activity of the neurotransmitter is stopped at the postsynaptic
receptor.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 416-418
TOP: Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission
6. Explain both temporal and spatial summation.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 418
TOP: Summation
7. Name and briefly describe the different types of neurotransmitters used by the nervous
system.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 419-424
TOP: Neurotransmitters
8. Other than their color, describe the differences between white matter and gray matter. Which
is able to conduct impulses more rapidly?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 414
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
9. Explain the process of an action potential moving down a neuron.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 411-413
TOP: Action Potential
10. Explain the two types of refractory periods. Explain how the relative refractory period can
help determine the strength of the stimulus.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 413-414
TOP: Refractory Period
11. Explain what characteristics of the neuron affect the speed at which action potentials are
conducted. What is the range of speed at which an impulse can be conducted?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential
REF: p. 414
12. Explain the neuron doctrine and the reticular theory of the nervous system. Which is currently
held to be the most correct?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
ESSAY
REF: pp. 424-425
TOP: Role of Nervous System Cells
NURSINGTB.COM
1. Explain a way that the nerve cell is able to respond to stimuli of different strengths.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 413-414
TOP: Refractory Period
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 20: Central Nervous System
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the:
a. pia mater.
b. arachnoid membrane.
c. dura mater.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
2. The innermost layer of the meninges is the:
a. pia mater.
b. arachnoid membrane.
c. dura mater.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
3. The main divisions of the central nervous system are the:
a. brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves.
b. brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
c. brain and spinal cord. NURSINGTB.COM
d. sensory division and motor division.
ANS: C
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
4. Meningitis refers to inflammation of the:
a. brain.
b. meninges.
c. spinal cord.
d. cerebrospinal fluid.
ANS: B
TOP: Meningitis
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
5. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the:
a. subarachnoid space.
b. central canal.
c. third ventricle.
d. subdural space.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
6. There are
a. two
ventricles in the brain.
REF: p. 435
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Fluid Spaces
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
b. three
c. four
d. five
ANS: C
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
7. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the:
a. central canal.
b. choroid plexuses.
c. subarachnoid space.
d. arachnoid villi.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
8. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and
, and is
absorbed back into the blood.
a. subarachnoid space
b. choroid plexuses
c. spinal cord
d. intraventricular foramen
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 437
9. If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose
related
to that pathway.
NURSINGTB.COM
a. sensory perception
b. willed movement
c. only reflex activity
d. both reflex activity and sensation
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 438
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
10. If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose
related to that pathway.
a. sensory perception
b. willed movement
c. only reflex activity
d. both reflex activity and sensation
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 438
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
11. Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers?
a. Most decussate.
b. Most inhibit the lower motor neuron.
c. They are referred to as pyramidal pathways.
d. They originate in the cerebral cortex.
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 461
TOP: Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement,
especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side?
a. Medial reticulospinal
b. Lateral reticulospinal
c. Ventral corticospinal
d. Lateral corticospinal
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 439
13. The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in
the spinal cord is the
a. lateral corticospinal
b. ventral spinothalamic
c. dorsal corticospinal
d. lateral spinothalamic
tract.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: pp. 438-439
14. Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are:
a. sensory.
b. motor.
c. descending.
d. none of the above.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord I G
B.C M
N R
U S N T
O
REF: p. 439
15. Which of the following is not true?
a. The spinal cord does not completely fill the spinal cavity.
b. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra.
c. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.
d. The spinal cord has anterior and posterior grooves that almost divide the cord into
symmetrical halves.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
16. The brain has
a. three
b. five
c. six
d. eight
major divisions.
ANS: C
TOP: Brain
DIF: Memorization
17. The brainstem does not include the:
a. pons.
b. medulla.
c. midbrain.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 438
REF: p. 441
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. cerebellum.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
REF: p. 442
18. The pyramids are formed in the:
a. pons.
b. medulla.
c. midbrain.
d. cerebellum.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Medulla Oblongata
REF: p. 442
19. Several “vital centers” are located in the:
a. basal ganglia.
b. cerebrum.
c. cerebellum.
d. medulla.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vital Centers (Box 20-3)
REF: p. 444
20. The vomiting reflex is mediated by the:
a. cerebrum.
b. medulla.
c. thalamus.
d. cerebellum.
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Brainstem
21. The cerebellum acts with the
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. pons
d. cerebrum
REF: p. 444
to produce skilled movement.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
22. The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the:
a. medulla.
b. pons.
c. cerebellum.
d. hypothalamus.
ANS: C
23. Impulses from the
a. pons
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
DIF: Application
REF: p. 445
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. hypothalamus
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
TOP: Thalamus
24. The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the
pituitary is the:
a. hypothalamus.
b. thalamus.
c. medulla.
d. midbrain.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
25. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
a. Production of hormones
b. “Go between” of the psyche and the soma
c. Appetite center
d. Regulation of motor activity
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
26. Audition is a function of the
a. occipital
b. temporal
c. parietal
d. frontal
REF: p. 448
lobe.
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Functional Areas of the Cortex
REF: p. 453
27. The cerebellum performs all of the following functions except:
a. coordinates control of muscle action.
b. helps control posture.
c. controls cardiac function.
d. controls skeletal muscles to maintain balance.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 447
28. Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin?
a. Hypothalamus
b. Thalamus
c. Pineal gland
d. Cerebellum
ANS: C
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 449
29. Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum?
a. Reticular activating system
b. Limbic system
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. Cerebral cortex
d. Cerebellar cortex
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 455
30. The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in:
a. about 10% of the population.
b. about 50% of the population.
c. about 90% of the population.
d. all people.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 455
31. The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the:
a. limbic system.
b. corpus callosum.
c. temporal lobes.
d. caudate nucleus.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 455
32. The type of brain wave associated with deep sleep is:
a. beta.
b. theta.
c. zeta.
NURSINGTB.COM
d. delta.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Electroencephalogram (EEG) (Box 20-6)
REF: p. 454
33. A person who is awake, alert, and attentive would have a predominance of
waves.
a. beta
b. theta
c. zeta
d. delta
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Electroencephalogram (EEG) (Box 20-6)
REF: p. 454
34. Which of the following is not a brain wave measurement?
a. Theta
b. Zeta
c. Delta
d. Beta
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Electroencephalogram (EEG) (Box 20-6)
35. A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in:
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 454
brain
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
motor deficits.
sensory deficits.
intellectual impairment.
any of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Functional Areas of the Cortex
REF: p. 455
36. The falx cerebelli separates the:
a. two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
b. cerebellum from the cerebrum.
c. two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
d. dura mater from the arachnoid.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
37. The fourth ventricle is located:
a. in the left cerebral hemisphere.
b. in the right cerebral hemisphere.
c. below and medial to the lateral ventricles.
d. where the cerebellum attaches to the brainstem.
ANS: D
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
38. The layer of the meninges that adheres to the outer surface of the brain is the:
a. pia mater.
NURSINGTB.COM
b. arachnoid membrane.
c. dura mater.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
39. Going from superior to inferior, the structures of the brainstem would be:
a. pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata.
b. midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.
c. midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons.
d. medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
REF: p. 442
40. The white matter of the cerebellum is called the:
a. arbor vitae.
b. vermis.
c. peduncle.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 444
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
41. The body’s biological clock is controlled by the:
a. pons.
b. thalamus.
c. cerebellum.
d. pineal body.
ANS: D
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 449
42. The part of the cerebrum integral to articulating words is:
a. Broca’s area.
b. the reticular activating system.
c. the limbic system.
d. the insula.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 452
43. The corpus callosum connects the:
a. cerebral hemispheres.
b. hippocampus.
c. mammillary body.
d. central sulcus.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Basal Nuclei
REF: p. 451
44. Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in:
NURSINGTB.COM
a. the cerebral cortex.
b. sensory receptors.
c. skeletal muscle.
d. none of the above.
ANS: C
TOP: Spinal Cord
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 460
45. Which of the following is not an inward extension of the dura mater?
a. Falx callosum
b. Falx cerebri
c. Falx cerebelli
d. Tentorium cerebelli
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
46. Besides protection, the cerebrospinal fluid helps regulate:
a. oxygen content of the body.
b. carbon dioxide content of the body.
c. pH of the body.
d. both B and C.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrospinal Fluid
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 435
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
47. A way to distinguish between the anterior and posterior parts of the spinal cord is that the:
a. dura mater is thickest on the posterior side.
b. posterior fissure is deeper and wider than the anterior fissure.
c. anterior fissure is deeper and wider than the posterior fissure.
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
48. The foramen magnum is the structure that divides the:
a. medulla oblongata from the pons.
b. pons from the midbrain.
c. medulla oblongata from the spinal cord.
d. brainstem from the cerebellum.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 442
TOP: Medulla Oblongata
49. The central section of the cerebellum is called the:
a. arbor vitae.
b. vermis.
c. central sulcus.
d. longitudinal fissure.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
50. The corpus callosum is composed of
tracts.
NURSINGTB.COM
a. commissural
b. projection
c. association
d. spinothalamic
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Cerebral Nuclei
REF: p. 451
51. Which of the following is not a somatic sense?
a. Touch
b. Pressure
c. Proprioception
d. All of the above are somatic senses.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sensory Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 453
52. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not involved in language function?
a. Frontal
b. Occipital
c. Temporal
d. All of the above are involved in language function.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 455
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
53. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not important in memory function?
a. Frontal
b. Occipital
c. Temporal
d. Parietal
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 446
54. The hypothalamus gives rise to a stalk, leading to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
This stalk is called the:
a. dentate nuclei.
b. infundibulum.
c. internal capsule.
d. pyramidal tract.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
55. The nervous system is divided into two major divisions, the:
a. brain and spinal cord.
b. central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
c. cerebrum and cerebellum.
d. afferent and efferent.
ANS: B
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
NURSINGTB.COM
56. As you move from the spinal cord up the central nervous system, the:
a. structural complexity increases.
b. functional complexity increases.
c. structural complexity decreases but the functional complexity increases.
d. Both A and B occur.
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
57. The epidural space is:
a. just below the dura mater.
b. just below the arachnoid mater.
c. found only in the area of the spinal cord.
d. between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
58. The filum terminale is part of the:
a. cerebellum.
b. cerebrum.
c. spinal cord.
d. meninges.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 434
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 435
59. If a person received a lumbar puncture that removed 15 mL of cerebrospinal fluid from the
spinal cord, that amount would be about what percent of the cerebrospinal fluid?
a. 20%
b. 10%
c. 5%
d. 25%
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: p. 437
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
60. Which of the following structures is not part of the spinal cord?
a. Gray commissure
b. Conus medullaris
c. Cauda equina
d. All of the above are part of the spinal cord.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
61. The corpora quadrigemina is a landmark of which part of the central nervous system?
a. Midbrain
b. Cerebellum
c. Hypothalamus
d. Cerebrum
ANS: A
TOP: Midbrain
DIF:
MN
em
zaI
tioN
nGTB.COM
UoRriS
REF: p. 444
62. The dentate nuclei are an important pair of nuclei in which part of the central nervous system?
a. Midbrain
b. Cerebrum
c. Cerebellum
d. Hypothalamus
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
63. Which of the following structures is not part of the diencephalon?
a. Thalamus
b. Arbor vitae
c. Pineal gland
d. All of the above structures are part of the diencephalon.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
64. What structure is the deepest groove in the cerebrum?
a. Central sulcus
b. Fissure of Rolando
c. Fissure of Sylvius
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 447
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. Longitudinal fissure
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebrum
REF: p. 450
65. Which groove is between the frontal and parietal lobes?
a. Central sulcus
b. Lateral fissure
c. Fissure of Sylvius
d. Longitudinal fissure
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebrum
REF: p. 450
66. What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the third ventricle?
a. Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
b. Interventricular foramen (of Monro)
c. Lateral foramina (of Luschka)
d. Cisterna magna
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
67. What structure drains cerebrospinal fluid into the fourth ventricle?
a. Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
b. Interventricular foramen (of Monro)
c. Lateral foramina (of Luschka)
d. Cisterna magna
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
68. The spinal cord ends at vertebra L1 in a narrowed area called the:
a. cauda equina.
b. filum terminale.
c. conus medullaris.
d. funiculi terminale.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
69. The olive is found in what part of the brain?
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Pons
c. Midbrain
d. Cerebellum
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Medulla Oblongata
REF: p. 443
70. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the midbrain?
a. It contains the inferior colliculi where auditory centers are located.
b. It contains the superior colliculi where visual centers are located.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. It contains the red nucleus and black matter that are involved in muscle control.
d. All of the above are correct statements about the midbrain.
ANS: D
TOP: Midbrain
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 443-444
71. Which of the following is not a true statement about the cerebellum?
a. Its name means “little brain.”
b. It has more neurons than any other part of the nervous system.
c. Gray matter makes up the exterior cortex.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: pp. 444-445
72. What part of the brain can produce a hormone?
a. Thalamus
b. Pineal gland
c. Hypothalamus
d. Both B and C
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland
REF: pp. 448-449
73. What lobe of the cerebrum cannot be seen in an exterior view?
a. Temporal
b. Insula
c. Parietal
NURSINGTB.COM
d. Occipital
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 449
74. Secondary sensory neurons conduct impulses from the spinal cord or brainstem to the:
a. hypothalamus.
b. thalamus.
c. cerebellum.
d. parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 450
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
75. William was recently involved in a serious automobile accident. As a result, he has had
difficulty controlling his skeletal muscles and maintaining his balance. What part of the
nervous system was most likely damaged?
a. Cerebellum
b. Cerebral cortex
c. Myelin sheath of the peripheral neurons
d. Pineal gland
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 445
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
76. Which statement explains how the lack of dopamine physiologically affects those individuals
suffering from Parkinson disease?
a. Without dopamine, the excitatory effects of acetylcholine are not restrained, thus
postural muscles are overstimulated.
b. Without dopamine, the excitatory effects of acetylcholine are inhibited, thus
relaxing postural muscles.
c. Without dopamine, the inhibitory effects of acetylcholine are not restrained, thus
postural muscles are overstimulated.
d. Without dopamine, the inhibitory effects of acetylcholine are restrained, thus
relaxing postural muscles.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
TOP: Parkinson Disease (Box 20-5)
REF: p. 452
77. The distinction between the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts of the spinal cord is that the
rubrospinal tract coordinates:
a. body movement and posture, and the reticulospinal tract maintains posture during
movement.
b. head and neck movement, and the reticulospinal tract maintains posture.
c. pain and temperature response, and the reticulospinal tract handles crude touch and
pressure.
d. unconscious kinesthesia, and the reticulospinal tract maintains posture.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 440
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
78. Since her fall several weeks ago, Juanita has drifted into and out of consciousness. Her arousal
and/or alerting mechanisms apparently are not functioning properly. What specific area of the
brain is most likely responsibNleUfR
orSthIeN
seGfT
acB
to.
rsC
? OM
a. Cerebellum
b. Corpora quadrigemina
c. Reticular activating system
d. Thalamus
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
TOP: Thalamus
79. When someone close to you dies, you feel a sense of sorrow among other emotions. Your
ability to experience emotions is the result of the:
a. caudate nucleus.
b. limbic system.
c. pineal gland.
d. reticular activating system.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 455
80. During your lifetime you are capable of remembering such things as telephone numbers,
social security numbers, and song lyrics from many years ago. Your ability to perform these
long-term memory tasks is possible because:
a. the right and left hemispheres specialize in cerebral functions such as short-term
and long-term recognition.
b. repeated impulse conduction over a given neuronal circuit produces synaptic
changes, which facilitates impulse transmission at the synapse.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. the spinothalamic pathway provides discrimination of short-term and long-term
memories.
d. extrapyramidal tracts consist of numerous relays of motor neurons that facilitate
impulse transmission at the synapse.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 456
TOP: Memory
81. The set of coordinated commands that control programmed muscle activity mediated by
extrapyramidal pathways is called the:
a. extrapyramidal tract.
b. motor program.
c. motor tract.
d. pyramidal tract.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 462
TOP: Extrapyramidal Tracts
82. Jeffery contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors
warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What function of
the medulla oblongata has warranted such a dire prognosis?
a. The medulla oblongata contains the vital centers that control heart action, blood
vessel diameter, and respiration.
b. The medulla oblongata contains the neural connections of the reticular activating
system.
c. The medulla oblongata contains the pineal gland, which controls vital centers.
d. The medulla oblongata contains the corpora quadrigemina, which controls neural
transmission of impulses along the spinal cord.
ANS: A
DIF:
AN
pplicRatioI
n
REF: p. 444
U S NGTB.COM
TOP: Vital Centers (Box 20-3)
83. The extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:
a. falx cerebella.
b. falx cerebri.
c. tentorium cerebella.
d. falx centralis.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
TRUE/FALSE
1. The central nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
2. The central nervous system includes all of the nervous system except the peripheral nervous
system.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 432
3. The meninges are protective coverings, continuous around the brain and spinal cord.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
4. Meningitis refers to inflammation of the brain.
ANS: F
TOP: Meningitis
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
5. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space of the meninges.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
6. Besides providing protection, the cerebrospinal fluid can influence the respiratory center.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
7. Dural sinuses function as reservoirs for cerebrospinal fluid.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 434
8. The spinal cord completely fills the spinal cavity in the vertebrae.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
I G
B.C M
N R
U S N T
O
REF: p. 438
9. A physician can use lumbar puncture to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid
space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lumbar Puncture (Box 20-1)
REF: p. 436
10. The epidural space contains a layer of fat and other connective tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 434
11. Funiculi consist of tracts divided into smaller bundles called nerve fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
12. Spinal reflex centers are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 440
13. Peripheral motor neuron cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 438
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
14. For voluntary skeletal muscle activity, impulses originate in the cerebrum but coordination of
the activity is a function of the cerebellum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
15. The thalamus acts as a relay station for ascending sensory impulses.
ANS: T
TOP: Thalamus
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 448
16. One of the major functions of the thalamus is its influence on the activity of the endocrine
system.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 448
TOP: Thalamus
17. The central sulcus divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 450
TOP: Structure of the Cerebrum
18. Basal ganglia are islands of gray matter deep in the cerebellum.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 451
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
19. The secondary motor area is found in the gyrus just posterior to the primary motor area.
ANS: F
DIF: AN
pplicRatioI
n REF: p. 454
U S NGTB.COM
TOP: Motor Functions of the Cortex
20. The vomiting reflex is mediated by the cerebellum.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 444
TOP: Functions of the Brainstem
21. The shallow grooves of the cerebrum are called sulci.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 444
22. The parieto-occipital fissure divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 450
23. The secondary motor area activates groups of muscles rather than individual muscles.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 454
24. The primary motor area, located in the precentral gyrus, is thought to activate individual
muscles in the hands and feet.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Motor Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 454
25. A primary function of the reticular activating system (RAS) is to arouse or alert the cerebral
cortex.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Consciousness
REF: p. 455
26. Under normal brain functioning, activation of the reticular activating system (RAS) produces
consciousness.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Consciousness
REF: p. 455
27. Barbiturates and amphetamines are two drugs that can arouse the cerebral cortex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Consciousness
REF: p. 455
28. Cerebrospinal fluid is not found in the epidural space.
ANS: T
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
29. The fourth ventricle in the brain is an expansion of the central canal of the spinal cord.
ANS: T
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF:
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 435
30. The limbic system of the brain primarily functions in the production of speech.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 455
TOP: Emotion
31. To describe sensory pathways as “crossed” refers to the fact that each side of the brain
registers sensations from the opposite side of the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 459
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
32. The medial lemniscal system involves crude touch sensations, whereas the spinothalamic
pathway involves more discriminating touch and pressure sensations.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 459
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
33. Extrapyramidal tracts can function either to inhibit or to facilitate lower motor neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Extrapyramidal Tracts
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 462
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
34. Pyramidal pathways are more often associated with smiles and frowns than are the
extrapyramidal pathways.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 461
TOP: Pyramidal Tracts
35. Ascending tracts carry only sensory information, whereas descending pathways carry only
motor information.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 439
36. Repetition of nerve impulses on the same neuron circuitry produces memory.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 456
TOP: Memory
37. There are about 23 mL of cerebrospinal fluid in the nervous system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 437
38. Pyramidal tracts are motor pathways that form pyramids in the medulla.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pyramidal Tracts
REF: p. 461
39. Extrapyramidal pathways are more often associated with emotional expressions than are
pyramidal pathways.
N R I G TB.COM
U S N
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Extrapyramidal Tracts
REF: p. 462
40. Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs mainly in the choroid plexus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
41. The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebellum.
ANS: F
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
42. Cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed into the venous blood via the choroid plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
43. Cerebrospinal fluid is not found in the subarachnoid space.
ANS: F
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
44. The four large, fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called ventricles.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
TOP: Fluid Spaces
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 435
45. Disruption of cerebrospinal fluid circulation that causes the fluid to accumulate in the epidural
space is known as hydrocephalus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hydrocephalus
REF: p. 437
46. Both the dorsal and ventral root ganglia in the spinal nerves contain cell bodies.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
47. The cerebrum is the second largest portion of the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 449
48. Functions of the brainstem include language, memory, and emotions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Brainstem
REF: p. 444
49. The vomiting reflex is mediated by the medulla.
B.C M
O
TOP: Functions of the BrainstemU S N T
ANS: T
DIF:
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 444
50. The shallow grooves of the cerebrum are called gyri.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 449
51. The islands of gray matter inside the hemispheres of the cerebrum are known as the cerebral
cortex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Basal Nuclei
REF: p. 451
52. Poliomyelitis results in flaccid paralysis via destruction of posterior horn neurons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System
REF: p. 460
53. The dura mater is the periosteum of the cranial bones, and the pia mater attaches the brain
tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 433
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
54. The tentorium cerebelli is a sickle-shaped extension of the dura that separates the two
hemispheres of the cerebellum.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
55. The deepest border of the subdural space is the arachnoid membrane.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 433
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
56. The most superficial border of the subarachnoid space is the dura mater.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 435
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
57. Filum terminale is the name given to the dura mater below the spinal cord.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 435
58. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the fifth lumbar vertebra.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
59. The dorsal root ganglion consists of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons.
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
ANS: T
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
60. All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 438
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
61. Each white column in the spinal cord consists of large numbers of cell bodies divided into
smaller bundles called tracts.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
62. Based on the system of naming tracts in the spinal cord, the spinocerebellar tract would be an
ascending tract.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 439
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
63. Based on the system of naming tracts in the spinal cord, the corticospinal tract would be a
descending tract.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 439
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
64. Rapid mitosis stops at about age 9, but the brain grows in size until about age 18.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
TOP: Brain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 441
65. The two “colorful” structures in the brain, the red nucleus and the substantia nigra, are located
in the midbrain.
ANS: T
TOP: Midbrain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 444
66. All of the functions of the cerebellum have to do with control of smooth muscle or glands.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
67. The diencephalon is part of the brain located between the cerebrum and the top of the
brainstem.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 447
TOP: Diencephalon
68. The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus and the pineal body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
69. Because there is a strong link between the thalamus and emotion, it can produce symptoms of
a psychosomatic disease.
N R I GTB.COM
U S N
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
70. Most axons release neurotransmitters; however, some axons in the hypothalamus release
hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
71. A lesion or tumor in the hypothalamus may cause overeating and result in substantial weight
gain.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
72. “Jet lag” occurs when the biological clock does not match up with the external clock. It is the
job of the pineal body to correct this.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 449
TOP: Pineal Gland
73. All of the lobes of the cerebrum are named after the bones that cover them.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 449
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
74. Association tracts connect parts of the same cerebral hemisphere.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Cerebral Nuclei
REF: p. 451
75. Projection tracts pass through the corpus callosum from one hemisphere of the cerebrum to
the other.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Cerebral Nuclei
REF: p. 451
76. The fact that one part of the cerebrum can take on a new function in response to damage to
another part of the cerebrum is an example of cerebral plasticity.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functional Areas of the Cortex
REF: p. 452
77. Consciousness may be defined as a state of awareness of one’s self, one’s environment, and
other humans.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Consciousness
REF: p. 454
78. The conus medullaris is located at about the first lumbar vertebrae.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal CN
ordR I G
REF: p. 438
U S N TB.COM
79. The tertiary sensory neurons are entirely in the cerebrum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 459
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
80. Decussation of sensory neurons usually occurs at the secondary neuron level before reaching
the thalamus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 460
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
81. Most of the motor tracts of the central nervous system do not decussate.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Motor Pathways in the Central Nervous System
REF: p. 459
82. The outermost protective covering of the brain is the dura mater.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
83. The epidural space is found only in the area of the spinal cord.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 434
84. Changes in the oxygen content of the cerebrospinal fluid cause a homeostatic response in the
respiratory control center.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
85. The pyramids are two bulges of white matter on the ventral surface of the pons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
REF: p. 442
86. Both the inferior colliculi and superior colliculi are found in the midbrain.
ANS: T
TOP: Midbrain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 444
87. The “tree of life” (arbor vitae) is found in the cerebellum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 444
88. The central nervous system directly or indirectly regulates or influences nearly every organ in
the body.
ANS: T
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG B.C M
U
S
Thole BoOdy
TOP: The Central Nervous System and tN
he W
REF: p. 463
89. The part of the dura that extends into the longitudinal fissure is the falx cerebri.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
90. The tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
91. The pia mater has three important inward extensions: the falx cerebri, the falx cerebelli, and
the tentorium cerebelli.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
REF: p. 433
92. The ependymal cells are glia cells that assist in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
93. The interventricular foramen (the foramen of Monro) leads into the fourth ventricle.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 435
94. The cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed into the venous blood by the median foramen of
Magendie.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
REF: p. 437
95. The dorsal nerve root carries motor impulses from the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
96. The deeper, wider groove on the spinal cord can be used to identify the ventral side of the
spinal cord.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 438
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
97. The nerve roots that extend below the spinal cord are called the filum terminale.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
98. The structure in the brain called the olive is found in the midbrain of the brainstem.
ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Medulla Oblongata
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 443
99. The structure in the brain called the corpora quadrigemina is found in the midbrain.
ANS: T
TOP: Midbrain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 444
100. The vermis lies between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
101. The cerebellum coordinates both incoming and outgoing motor information.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 446
102. The geniculate bodies are important nuclei in the hypothalamus.
ANS: F
TOP: Thalamus
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
103. The hypothalamus is the only part of the brain able to release a hormone.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland
REF: pp. 448-449
104. The hypothalamus is able to influence the functioning of both the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
105. The corpus callosum is an example of a commissural tract of the cerebrum.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Basal Nuclei
REF: p. 451
106. The gray commissure joins the spinal cord to the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 438
107. All spinal reflexes contain interneurons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
REF: p. 440
108. After birth, the brain grows only in size, not in number of neurons.
ANS: F
TOP: Brain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 441
NURSINGTB.COM
109. Once a synapse is established in the brain, it remains for life.
ANS: F
TOP: Brain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 441
110. The adult brain weighs about 3 pounds.
ANS: T
TOP: Brain
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 441
111. The brain contains about 200 billion cells.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 441
TOP: Brain
112. From superior to inferior, the brainstem is composed of the pons, midbrain, and medulla
oblongata.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
REF: p. 442
113. Both the inferior and superior colliculi contain sensory centers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 444
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
114. All of the 12 cranial nerves come from one of the three parts of the brainstem.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem
REF: p. 442
115. Both the pons and medulla oblongata have centers that help regulate respiration.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Brainstem
REF: p. 444
116. The cerebrum has more neurons than any other part of the nervous system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 444
117. The lateral fissure separates the cerebellum from the rest of the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
118. One source of the tracts entering the cerebellum and forming the inferior cerebellar peduncle
is the medulla.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
N R I G B.C M
UdleScerNebeT
119. The tracts that make up the mid
llar pedO
uncle come from the pons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
120. The cerebellum controls skeletal muscles to maintain balance.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
REF: p. 445
121. The diencephalon consists of the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diencephalon
REF: p. 447
122. The thalamus is responsible for the associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness
and unpleasantness.
ANS: T
TOP: Thalamus
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 447
123. The hypothalamus plays an important role in maintaining proper body temperature.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 449
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Hypothalamus
124. The hypothalamus plays a role in regulating water balance in the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypothalamus
REF: p. 448
125. The hormone released by the hypothalamus, melatonin, helps regulate the biological clock.
ANS: F
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 449
126. The location of the crossing of the left and right optic nerves is called the epithalamus.
ANS: F
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 449
127. The term used to describe all of the connections within the human cortex to the rest of the
brain is connectomes.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Tracts and Basal Nuclei
REF: p. 451
128. The somatic senses include vision, hearing, and olfaction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sensory Functions of the Cortex
REF: p. 453
N R I G B.C M
129. Damage to Broca’s area of theU
braiS
n caNuseT
s a persO
on to become unable to articulate words, but
the person is still able to make vocal sounds.
ANS: T
TOP: Language
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 452
MATCHING
Match each disorder with its corresponding definition.
a. Alzheimer disease
b. Cerebrovascular accident
c. Epilepsy
d. Huntington disease
e. Spastic paralysis
f. Hemiplegia
g. Paraplegia
h. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
1. Inherited form of dementia in which the symptoms first appear at between 30 and 40 years of
age
2. Disease that is caused by a prion and results in reduced brain function
3. Hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow to the cerebral vessels, which destroys neurons;
also called a stroke
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
4. Type of paralysis that affects one entire side of the body
5. Type of paralysis that affects both legs
6. Degenerative disease that affects memory; it generally develops during the middle to late
adult years, causing characteristic lesions in the cortex
7. Recurring or chronic seizure episodes involving sudden bursts of abnormal neuron activity
8. Type of paralysis that is experienced by many people with cerebral palsy; characterized by the
involuntary contraction of the affected muscles
1. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
2. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
3. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
4. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
5. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
6. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
7. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
8. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 465
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 464
REF: p. 465
REF: p. 464
Match each landmark of the brain with its description or location.
a. Longitudinal fissure
NURSINGTB.COM
b. Lateral fissure
c. Sulci
d. Parieto-occipital sulcus
e. Fissure
f. Central sulcus
g. Gyri
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Frontal lobe lies in front of this groove and the parietal lobe lies behind it
Groove that separates the occipital and parietal lobes
General term for a convolution or raised area on the cortex
General term for a shallow groove in the cortex
Divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
General term for a deep groove in the cortex
The deep groove above the temporal lobe
9. ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
10. ANS: D
DIF:
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
11. ANS: G
DIF:
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
12. ANS: C
DIF:
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
Memorization
REF: p. 450
Memorization
REF: p. 450
Memorization
REF: p. 444
Memorization
REF: p. 444
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
13. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
14. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
15. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cerebral Cortex
REF: p. 450
REF: p. 449
REF: p. 450
OTHER
1. Describe the three distinct layers that compose the meninges.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
2. What is a lumbar puncture? Why is it done?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 436
TOP: Lumbar Puncture (Box 20-1)
3. List the major ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, and identify the major
function of each tract.
ANS:
NURSINGTB.COM
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 439
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
4. Describe the structure and major functions of the brainstem.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 442-444
TOP: Structure of the Brainstem, Functions of the Brainstem
5. How are the cerebral nuclei involved in Parkinson disease?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 452
TOP: Parkinson Disease (Box 20-5)
6. Briefly discuss one of the “integrative functions” of the cortex.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 454-456
TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex
7. Describe the four types of brain waves characterized by frequency and amplitude of the
waves.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 454
TOP: The Electroencephalogram (EEG) (Box 20-6)
8. Explain the functions, formation, and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: pp. 435-437
TOP: Fluid Spaces, Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
9. Explain the functions of the thalamus.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 448
TOP: Thalamus
10. Explain the functions of the hypothalamus.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: pp. 448-449
TOP: Hypothalamus
11. Name and describe the three important inward extensions of the dura mater.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 433
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
12. Name the three spaces between and around the meninges. What does each space contain?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 434-435
TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord
13. If an injury occurred that damaged the lateral corticospinal tract on the right side of the body,
what impact would this have on the voluntary movement of the body?
ANS:
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 439
TOP: Functions of the Spinal Cord
14. Name the three peduncles that enter or leave the cerebellum, and explain where they come
from or go to.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 445
TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum
15. Give the location of the pineal gland and its most likely function.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 449
TOP: Pineal Gland
16. Explain the location and function of primary, secondary, and tertiary sensory neurons. Which
of these neurons can decussate?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 459
TOP: Somatic Sensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System
NURSINGTB.COM
ESSAY
1. Kathryn suffered a cerebrovascular accident. It was determined that the left side of her
cerebrum was damaged. On which side of her body will she most likely notice paralysis?
Explain why.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 464
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
2. Explain how the cerebrum and cerebellum are similar to a negative-feedback mechanism in
terms of controlling the movement of skeletal muscles.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 445-447
TOP: Functions of the Cerebellum
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 21: Peripheral Nervous System
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except:
a. oculomotor.
b. trochlear.
c. vestibulocochlear.
d. accessory.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
2. Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the
a. trigeminal
b. vagus
c. abducens
d. olfactory
REF: p. 487
nerve.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Neuralgia (Box 21-4)
3. The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the
a. ninth
b. tenth
c. eleventh
NURSINGTB.COM
d. twelfth
REF: p. 487, Box 21-4
cranial.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vagus Nerve (X)
REF: p. 489
4. Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue?
a. Olfactory
b. Trigeminal
c. Trochlear
d. Hypoglossal
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 490
5. All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the:
a. vagus.
b. hypoglossal.
c. accessory.
d. abducens.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
6. Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves?
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 485
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Thoracic
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
REF: pp. 478-480
7. The cervical plexus:
a. is found deep in the neck.
b. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5.
c. includes the phrenic nerve.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 478
8. Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm?
a. Brachial
b. Cervical
c. Lumbar
d. Sacral
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brachial Plexus
REF: p. 478
9. The sensory cranial nerves include only the:
a. optic, vestibulocochlear, and vagus.
B.C M
N
R
I
G
b. olfactory, optic, and facial.U S N T
O
c. olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear.
d. optic, facial, and vestibulocochlear.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 484
10. The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the:
a. abducens.
b. accessory.
c. glossopharyngeal.
d. vagus.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Accessory Nerve (XI)
11. Nerve impulses over the
a. olfactory
b. trigeminal
c. vagus
d. hypoglossal
REF: p. 489
nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 488
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of
a. 12
b. 21
c. 31
d. 41
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
pairs.
REF: p. 477
13. Spinal nerves are
fibers.
a. only sensory
b. only motor
c. completely autonomic
d. motor and sensory
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: pp. 476-477
14. A mixed nerve is one that:
a. goes both to the skin surface and to the viscera.
b. has its pathway mixed with other nerves.
c. carries both sensory and motor fibers.
d. carries large and small motor fibers.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 477
15. Damage to the
nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function.
NURSINGTB.COM
a. phrenic
b. axillary
c. radial
d. medial cutaneous
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phrenic Nerves (Box 21-2)
16. The phrenic nerve is found in the
a. cervical
b. brachial
c. lumbar
d. sacral
REF: p. 480
plexus.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 478
17. Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway?
a. Acetylcholine
b. Amines
c. Amino acids
d. Neuropeptides
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Basic Principles of Somatic Motor Pathways
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 490
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
18. Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are
found in the
a. sacral
b. cervical
c. coccygeal
d. lumbar
plexus.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
REF: p. 481
19. The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because:
a. the center of the reflex arc lies in the spinal cord gray matter.
b. impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord.
c. the impulses that mediate it come from and go to the same side of the body.
d. of the kind of stimulation used to evoke it.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
REF: p. 491
20. Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex?
a. It is a flexor reflex.
b. It is an ipsilateral reflex.
c. It is a spinal cord reflex.
d. It does not have to involve the brain.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
REF: p. 491
NURSI NG TB.C OM
21. Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of
a. 1
b. 2
c. 2
d. 3
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
years.
REF: p. 492
22. Which of the following is a correct statement?
a. There are 7 cervical nerve pairs.
b. There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs.
c. There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs.
d. All of the above are correct statements.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
23. The lumbar plexus gives rise to the
a. median
b. phrenic
c. femoral
d. None of the above is correct.
REF: p. 494
nerve.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lumbar Plexus
REF: p. 480
24. The peripheral nervous system includes:
a. only spinal nerves.
b. only spinal nerves and their branches.
c. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches.
d. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches.
ANS: C
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
25. The peripheral nervous system includes
a. autonomic
b. sensory
c. somatic
d. all of the above
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
REF: p. 475
nerves.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 475
26. Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has
vertebrae?
a. Cervical
b. Thoracic
c. Lumbar
d. Both B and C
ANS: A
DIF:
TOP: Spinal Nerves
MN
em
zaI
tioN
nGTB.COM
UoRriS
REF: p. 475
27. Which is not true of the ventral nerve root?
a. It is also called the anterior root.
b. It contains the spinal ganglion.
c. It includes motor neurons.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 477
28. Which is not true of the dorsal nerve root?
a. It is also called the posterior root.
b. It includes the spinal ganglion.
c. It includes sensory fibers.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
29. Which is the only plexus that contains fibers from the thoracic region of the spinal cord?
a. Cervical
b. Brachial
c. Lumbar
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. Sacral
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Nerve Plexuses, Brachial Plexus
REF: pp. 478-480
30. Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve?
a. Movement of external eye muscles
b. Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex)
c. Movement of intrinsic eye muscles
d. Proprioception of eye muscles
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oculomotor Nerve
REF: p. 486
31. Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
a. Zygomatic nerve
b. Ophthalmic nerve
c. Maxillary nerve
d. Mandibular nerve
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Nerve
REF: p. 486
32. Which of the following cranial nerves is not associated with eye movement?
a. Oculomotor
b. Trochlear
c. Trigeminal
d. Abducens
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Nerve
33. Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the
a. sensory
b. autonomic
c. central
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
nervous system.
DIF: Memorization
34. Efferent nerves or fibers are found only in the
a. central
b. autonomic
c. somatic
d. Both B and C are correct.
REF: p. 475
system.
DIF: Memorization
35. The cauda equina:
a. is part of the cervical plexus.
b. refers to the nerves below the ending of the spinal cord.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 475
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. is part of the brachial plexus.
d. is the term used to describe the groups of cranial nerves leaving the skull.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
36. Which segment of the vertebral column generates more spinal nerve pairs than any other
segment?
a. Cervical
b. Thoracic
c. Lumbar
d. Sacral
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 475
37. The spinal ganglion can be found on the
a. dorsal nerve root
b. dorsal ramus
c. ventral nerve root
d. ventral ramus
of the spinal nerve.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
38. Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves?
a. Vagus and hypoglossal
b. Vagus and accessory
N R I G B.C M
c. Hypoglossal and accessoryU S N T
O
d. Glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 478
39. By age 2 years in a normal infant, the stimulus that once caused the Babinski reflex now
causes:
a. the knee jerk reflex.
b. the ankle jerk reflex.
c. the plantar reflex.
d. no reaction at all.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Plantar Reflex
REF: p. 492
40. A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium. Which of the following
cranial nerves may be causing this condition?
a. Accessory
b. Glossopharyngeal
c. Hypoglossal
d. Vestibulocochlear
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 482, Table 21-3
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
41. If a person is having problems with tongue movement, what would you predict as a possible
cause and other potential problems?
a. Hypoglossal nerve damage and a decrease in proprioception of the tongue
b. Oculomotor nerve damage and a drooping eye
c. Olfactory nerve damage and a decrease in the ability to smell
d. Vagus nerve damage and a decrease in respiration
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 490
TOP: Cranial Nerves
42. Danielle has sustained an injury that has reduced her ability to complete simple tasks such as
lifting a pencil, manipulating eating utensils, and brushing her hair. The injury has affected the
motor pathways _
the central nervous system (CNS).
a. involuntary; outside
b. involuntary; within
c. voluntary; outside
d. voluntary; within
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 490
TOP: Basic Principles of Somatic Motor Pathways
43. In a healthy adult, a well-placed tap on the knee will result in a:
a. contraction of the tendon and its muscles, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby
stimulation of the muscle spindles.
b. stretch of the blood vessels and decreased blood flow to the lower extremities.
c. stretch of the tendon, the quadriceps femoris, and thereby stimulation of the
muscle spindles.
d. stretch of the tendon and N
RuSsI
itsUm
clN
esG
, tT
heBr.
ecC
tuOs M
femoris, and thereby stimulation of
the muscle spindles.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 491-492
TOP: Knee Jerk Reflex
44. What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex?
a. A somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas
an autonomic reflex consists of skeletal muscle contraction.
b. A somatic reflex is caused by the secretions of glands, whereas an autonomic
reflex consists of contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles.
c. A somatic reflex is caused by contraction of skeletal muscles, whereas an
autonomic reflex consists of contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretions
of glands.
d. A somatic reflex is caused by contraction of smooth or cardiac muscles, whereas
an autonomic reflex consists of the secretions of glands.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 491
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
45. What would the result be if the phrenic nerve received an impulse from the cervical plexus?
a. The diaphragm would stop contracting.
b. Sensation to the anterior abdominal wall would cease.
c. Motor nerves to the thigh would not be able to receive impulses.
d. Motor nerves to the back of the neck would not be able to receive impulses.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 480
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Phrenic Nerves (Box 21-2)
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
46. How is herpes zoster (shingles) a result of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus?
a. Adrenergic receptors of the cranial nerve send impulses to the brain, indicating
pain at the nerve site.
b. A cutaneous nerve is affected by the virus causing shingles, which remains
dormant in the dorsal root ganglion for years.
c. -receptors of the cranial nerve send impulses to the brain, indicating pain at the
nerve site.
d. A cranial nerve is affected by the virus causing shingles, which remains dormant in
the dorsal root ganglion for years.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 483
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
47. After radiation treatment, Jake experienced a painful eruption of red, swollen plaques that
ruptured and later crusted over. Soon after the eruption of the vesicles, Jake complained of
burning and itching in the affected dermatome. These symptoms are most likely a result of
what condition?
a. Cranial nerve damage
b. Herpes zoster
c. Peripheral neuropathy
d. Trigeminal neuralgia
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 483
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
48. When responding to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot, a 1-year-old infant
extends her great toe without fanning of the other toes. This happens because:
a. the corticospinal fibers have become fully myelinated and the Babinski reflex
NURSINGTB.COM
becomes suppressed.
b. the corticospinal fibers have not yet become fully myelinated and the Babinski
reflex is activated.
c. the sensory fibers in the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve are mediated
by reflex arcs.
d. a deep reflex is mediated by a two-neuron spinal arc.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 492
TOP: Plantar Reflex
49. Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve. This injury will
have an effect on her ability to:
a. hear.
b. move her jaw.
c. open and close her eyes.
d. maneuver her tongue.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 485
TOP: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
50. A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the
thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition
is the
plexus.
a. brachial
b. cervical
c. coccygeal
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. thoracic
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 481
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
TRUE/FALSE
1. Each optic nerve contains fibers from both retinas.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 486
TOP: Optic Nerve (II)
2. Conduction by the sixth cranial nerve results in sensations of hearing.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 487
TOP: Abducens Nerve (VI)
3. The vagus nerve contains both sensory and motor fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vagus Nerve (X)
REF: pp. 488-489
4. Injury to the sixth cranial nerve causes the eye to turn in because of paralysis of the abducting
muscle of the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerve Damage (Box 21-5)
REF: p. 488
5. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, all of which consist of both motor and sensory fibers.
ANS: T
DIF:
TOP: Spinal Nerves
MN
emo
tion
URriza
SI
NGTB.COM
REF: p. 477
6. A herpes zoster (shingles) outbreak usually affects more than one dermatome pattern on the
skin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
REF: p. 483
7. Trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux, is characterized by stabbing pain radiating from the
eyes.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Neuralgia (Box 21-4)
REF: p. 487
8. The ventral rami of all spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called plexuses.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 477
9. Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by means of two short roots—a ventral root and a
dorsal root.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 477
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
10. The phrenic nerve exits from the brachial plexus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 478
11. Any disease or injury that damages the spinal cord between the first and fifth cervical
segments also paralyzes the phrenic nerve and therefore the diaphragm.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Phrenic Nerves (Box 21-2)
REF: p. 480
12. A dermatome is the skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
REF: p. 482
13. Approximately 3% of the population will suffer from shingles at some time in their lives.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
REF: p. 483
14. Somatic reflexes are contractions of smooth muscles.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
REF: p. 491
15. At all stages of development,Na pR
ositI
ive G
BabB
in.
skCi reM
flex always means destruction of
pyramidal tract fibers.
U S N T
O
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
REF: p. 491
16. Each spinal nerve branches into three rami: a ventral branch, a dorsal branch, and an
autonomic or visceral branch.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: pp. 476-477
17. The spinal root that possesses a swelling is the dorsal root.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
18. The dorsal root ganglion contains motor neuron cell bodies.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: pp. 476-477
19. The lower end of the spinal cord bears the name lumbosacral plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 481
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
20. There are 62 spinal nerves.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 496
21. Herpes zoster is a unique viral infection that almost always affects the skin of a single
dermatome.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
REF: p. 483
22. Myotome is a term referring to a skeletal muscle group innervated by motor neuron axons
from a given spinal nerve.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
REF: p. 483
23. The sacral plexus is found deep within the shoulder.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
REF: p. 481
24. Skeletal muscles are somatic effectors.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Basic Principles of SomN
atic R
MotI
or PG
athwBa.
ysC
U S N T
M
O
REF: p. 490
25. The Babinski reflex is evoked via stimulation of the outer sole of the foot and will cause a
normal infant to extend the great toe.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 491
TOP: Plantar Reflex
26. Amines are the neurotransmitters in a somatic motor pathway.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Basic Principles of Somatic Motor Pathways
REF: p. 490
27. Sympathetic chain and sympathetic rami refer to the same structure.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 477
28. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 475
29. The peripheral nervous system consists of 43 pairs of nerves and their branches.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 475
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
30. The peripheral nervous system contains only efferent nerves.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 475
31. Even though there are only seven cervical vertebrae, that region generates eight cranial
nerves.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 475
32. The nerves emerging from the lower lumbar and sacral regions branch from a structure called
the cauda equina, not the spinal cord itself.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
33. The spinal ganglion is located only on the ventral nerve root.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 476
34. Branches of the dorsal ramus innervate the skin and muscles of the posterior surface of the
head, neck, and trunk.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal NervN
es R I G
REF: p. 477
U S N TB.COM
35. Nerve plexuses of the thoracic region innervate the abdominal organs.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
REF: pp. 477-478
36. The brachial plexus is the only plexus that contains a thoracic spinal nerve.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve Plexuses, Brachial Plexus
REF: pp. 478-480
37. There is almost no overlap in the dermatomes of the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
REF: p. 482
38. Based on the numbering system of the cranial nerves, cranial nerve XI would be more anterior
than cranial nerve III.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 484
39. Most “motor” cranial nerves carry proprioceptive sensory fibers.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 484
40. The cochlear nerve is composed of axons that originate in the organ of Corti.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
REF: p. 487
41. The vestibulocochlear nerve is sometimes called the acoustic nerve.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
REF: p. 487
42. The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies fibers to the carotid sinus, which has a role in the control
of blood pressure.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
REF: p. 488
43. Because the vagus nerve sends many fibers to the abdominal organs, it was given the name
vagus, which means visceral.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vagus Nerve (X)
REF: p. 488
44. The accessory nerve is unique among the cranial nerves, because none of its fibers originate in
the brain.
N R I G TB.COM
U S N
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Accessory Nerve (XI)
REF: p. 490
45. Reflexes are always unconscious or involuntary.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
REF: p. 490
46. A reflex always includes a muscle contraction or a gland secretion.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
REF: p. 491
47. The final efferent organ of the knee jerk reflex is the quadriceps femoris muscle.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 491
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
48. If a reflex causes cardiac muscle to contract, it can be either a somatic or an autonomic reflex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 491
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
49. The plantar reflex consists of a curling under of all the toes, plus a slight turning in and
flexion of the anterior part of the foot.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
REF: p. 493
50. The plantar reflex and Babinski reflex are brought about by the same stimulus.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 492
TOP: Somatic Reflexes of Clinical Importance
51. The most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the United States is diabetes mellitus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Peripheral Neuropathy (Box 21-1)
REF: p. 475
52. If you have never had chickenpox, it is unlikely that you will develop shingles.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 483
TOP: Herpes Zoster (Box 21-3)
53. There is one more thoracic spinal nerve than there are thoracic vertebrae.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 475
54. When referring to a spinal nerve, the terms dorsal root and dorsal ramus refer to the same
structure.
N R I G TB.COM
U S N
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
REF: p. 475
55. The term plexus comes from the Latin word meaning braid.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
REF: p. 476
56. Thoracic spinal nerves are the only segment of spinal nerves that do not participate in a
plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Brachial Plexus
REF: pp. 478-480
57. The last spinal nerve is Cx 1 (from the coccyx), which joins with sacral spinal nerves to form
the coccygeal plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
REF: p. 481
58. Only spinal nerves from the sacrum form the sacral plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 481
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
59. Because the distribution of nerves to skeletal muscle is arranged into specific myotomes, a
skeletal muscle can be innervated by axons from only one spinal nerve.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
REF: pp. 482-483
60. It would be normal to find a functioning Babinski reflex in an infant as young as 4 months
old.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Plantar Reflex
REF: p. 492
61. The corneal reflex refers to the eye reducing the size of the pupil in response to bright light.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Corneal Reflex
REF: p. 492
62. Efferent neurons carry information away from the CNS; afferent neurons carry information
toward the CNS.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 475
63. The nerves from the cervical plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire
arm.
ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Brachial Plexus
MN
emo
tion
URriza
SI
NGTB.COM
REF: pp. 478-480
64. The largest nerve of the body, the sciatic nerve, has its source in the sacral plexus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sacral Plexus and Coccygeal Plexus
REF: p. 481
65. The olfactory nerve, the optic nerve, and the oculomotor nerve are the only cranial nerves that
do not come from the brainstem.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: pp. 485-486
66. All reflexes have their interneurons in the spinal cord.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
REF: p. 490
67. The somatic motor pathway has two neurons between the CNS and the effector organs, just as
the autonomic system does.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Basic Principles of Somatic Motor Pathways
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 490
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
68. The optic tract contains fibers from both retinas.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Optic Nerve (II)
REF: p. 486
69. The two optic nerves join at the optic chiasma.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Optic Nerve (II)
REF: p. 486
70. Most of the optic nerve fibers terminate in the cerebellum.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Optic Nerve (II)
REF: p. 486
71. All of the cervical nerves contribute to the cervical plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 476
72. Two cranial nerves, the hypoglossal and the vagus, receive branches from the cervical plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cervical Plexus
REF: p. 476
73. The first four lumbar nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus.
ANS: T
DIF:
TOP: Lumbar Plexus
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 480
74. The femoral nerve, a major nerve in the lower extremity, exits from the lumbar plexus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lumbar Plexus
REF: p. 480
75. The olfactory nerve has dendrites in the inferior turbinates of the nose.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Nerve
REF: p. 485
76. The axons of the olfactory nerve form about 20 small bundles that pierce the cribriform plate
to enter the brain.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Nerve
REF: p. 485
77. The oculomotor nerve contains fibers from the autonomic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oculomotor Nerve
78. The trochlear nerve stimulates movement of the eye.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 486
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trochlear Nerve
REF: p. 486
79. The trigeminal nerve gives rise to the ophthalmic nerve, the maxillary nerve, and the
zygomatic nerve.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Nerve
REF: p. 486
80. The abducens nerve fibers originate in the medulla oblongata.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Abducens Nerve (VI)
REF: p. 487
81. The abducens nerve abducts the upper arm.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Abducens Nerve (VI)
REF: p. 487
82. The facial nerve contains efferent fibers to the tear glands and afferent fibers from the taste
buds.
ANS: T
TOP: Facial Nerve
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 487
83. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains autonomic fibers.
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
ANS: F
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n
TOP: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
REF: p. 488
84. The vagus nerve originates in the pons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vagus Nerve (X)
MATCHING
Match each cranial nerve with its function or description.
a. Olfactory nerve
b. Optic nerve
c. Oculomotor nerve
d. Trochlear nerve
e. Trigeminal nerve
f. Abducens nerve
g. Vestibulocochlear nerve
h. Glossopharyngeal nerve
i. Vagus nerve
j. Hypoglossal nerve
1. Connects to various external muscles of the eye
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 489
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Involved in both hearing and equilibrium
Fibers are widely distributed in the body; name means “wanderer”
Dendrites and cell bodies are along the superior conchae
Supplies muscles of the tongue; name means “under the tongue”
Branches into three nerves: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves
Sends fibers to the carotid sinus, which helps regulate blood pressure
Sends fibers to the occipital lobe and the superior colliculi
Sends fibers to the superior oblique muscle of the eye
Abducts the eye
1. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oculomotor Nerve
2. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
3. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vagus Nerve (X)
4. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Nerve
5. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Hypoglossal Nerve
6. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Trigeminal Nerve
7. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
8. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Optic Nerve (II)
9. ANS: D
DIF: MN
em
zaI
tioN
nGTB.COM
UoRriS
TOP: Trochlear Nerve
10. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Abducens Nerve (VI)
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 487
REF: pp. 488-489
REF: p. 485
REF: p. 490
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 488
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 486
REF: p. 487
Match each term with its description or definition.
a. Cauda equina
b. Ventral nerve root
c. Dorsal nerve root
d. Cervical plexus
e. Brachial plexus
f. Lumbar plexus
g. Dermatome
h. Myotome
i. Somatic reflexes
j. Autonomic reflexes
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Plexus from which femoral nerve emerges
Nerve root that carries motor nerves away from the spinal cord
Skin surface area that is supplied by one spinal nerve
Reflexes that involve cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
Nerve root that carries sensory neurons into the spinal cord
Group or braid of nerves formed from spinal nerves C1 to C4
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
17.
18.
19.
20.
Group of skeletal muscles that receive axons from one spinal nerve
Reflexes that involve skeletal muscles
Group of nerves that extend from the bottom of the spinal cord
Group or braid of nerves formed from spinal nerves C5 to T1
11. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Lumbar Plexus
12. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
13. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
DIF: Memorization
14. ANS: J
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
DIF: Memorization
15. ANS: C
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
DIF: Memorization
16. ANS: D
TOP: Cervical Plexus
DIF: Memorization
17. ANS: H
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
DIF: Memorization
18. ANS: I
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
DIF: Memorization
19. ANS: A
TOP: Spinal Nerves
DIF: Memorization
20. ANS: E
TOP: Brachial Plexus
OTHER
REF: p. 480
REF: p. 477
REF: p. 482
REF: p. 491
REF: p. 477
REF: p. 478
REF: p. 483
REF: p. 491
REF: p. 476
REF: pp. 478-480
NURSINGTB.COM
1. List the names, numbers, and functional classifications of the cranial nerves.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cranial Nerves
REF: p. 484, Table 21-2
2. Briefly describe the structure of the spinal nerves.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 476-477
TOP: Structure of Spinal Nerves
3. Why do the right and left phrenic nerves have considerable clinical interest?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 480
TOP: Phrenic Nerves (Box 21-2)
4. Outline the neural pathway involved in the patellar (knee jerk) reflex.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 491-492
TOP: Knee Jerk Reflex
5. Identify the major nerve plexuses and which spinal nerves join to form each of them.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 478-481
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
6. What is a dermatome? What is a myotome?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 482-483
TOP: Dermatomes and Myotomes
7. Explain the difference between the Babinski reflex and the plantar reflex. What does a
positive Babinski reflex in an adult indicate?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 493
TOP: Plantar Reflex
NURSINGTB.COM
8. Explain how the nerve plexuses make the nervous system more efficient.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 495
TOP: Nerve Plexuses
9. Describe the basic principles of somatic motor pathways.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 490
TOP: Basic Principles of Somatic Motor Pathways
10. Explain the difference between a spinal reflex and a cranial reflex. Explain the difference in
effector organs between somatic reflexes and visceral reflexes.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 490-491
ESSAY
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Nature of a Reflex
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
1. A patient has a severe case of the hiccups. The physician injects an anesthetic solution into the
neck about an inch above the clavicle. What nerve was injected, and what is the result?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 480, Box 21-2
NURSINGTB.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Phrenic Nerves (Box 21-2)
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 22: Autonomic Nervous System
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which generalization concerning the autonomic nervous system is not true?
a. All of its axons are afferent fibers.
b. It operates without conscious control.
c. It regulates visceral activities.
d. All of its neurons are motor.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: pp. 499-500
2. Which of the following would not be a major effector of the autonomic nervous system?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Blood vessels
c. Sweat glands
d. Iris of the eye
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 499
3. Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except:
a. direction of information flow.
b. location of peripheral fibers.
c. number of neurons betweN
enUcRent
ralNnGerv
tem (CNS) and effector.
SI
TBou.sCsys
OM
d. acetylcholine.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Basic Plan of Autonomic Pathways
REF: p. 501
4. The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the:
a. coordination of muscular activity.
b. innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera.
c. reception of sensory impulses.
d. arousal of alerting mechanism.
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 499
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
5. Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may:
a. synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.
b. send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to
synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia.
c. pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing.
d. do all of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 500
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
6. Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because:
a. they reach visceral effectors faster than parasympathetic impulses.
b. myoneural junctions contain a substance that inactivates acetylcholine.
c. preganglionic fibers are short and postganglionic fibers are long.
d. preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF: p. 503
TOP: Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways
7. Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:
a. the white columns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord.
b. the lateral gray columns of thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
c. nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord.
d. collateral ganglia.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Parasympathetic Pathways
REF: p. 503
8. Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation?
a. Constriction of the bronchioles
b. Decreased secretion of the pancreas
c. Constriction of the urinary sphincters
d. Dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF: p. 510
TOP: Summary of Sympathetic “Fight-or-Flight” Reaction (Table 22-5)
9. All of the following are examples of parasympathetic stimulation except:
RSer.
INGTB.COM
a. contraction of the urinaryNbU
ladd
b. relaxation of the sphincters of the digestive tract.
c. increased salivation.
d. increased heart rate.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF: p. 507
TOP: Autonomic Functions
10. “Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except:
a. increased conversion of glycogen into glucose.
b. constriction of respiratory airways.
c. increased sweating.
d. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 510
11. All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except:
a. they secrete acetylcholine.
b. they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion.
c. dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the
first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 500-501
TOP: Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. Norepinephrine is liberated at:
a. the dendrite ending.
b. parasympathetic preganglionic nerve endings.
c. most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings.
d. sympathetic preganglionic nerve endings.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 505
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
13. Beta receptors:
a. are cholinergic.
b. bind acetylcholine.
c. bind norepinephrine.
d. bind the toxin muscarine.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
14. Propranolol is an example of a:
a. beta blocker.
b. drug used to treat irregular heartbeats.
c. drug used to treat hypertension.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Beta Blockers (Box 22-2)
REF: p. 505
15. A child was frightened by a lN
arU
geRdSoI
g.NTG
heTpBu.
piC
lsOoM
f the child’s eyes became dilated, and the
heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of:
a. the parasympathetic nervous system.
b. the sympathetic nervous system.
c. both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems.
d. None of the above would account for the symptoms.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
16. Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers?
a. Goose pimples
b. Dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles
c. Increased blood sugar
d. Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Functions (Table 22-4)
REF: p. 508
17. Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except:
a. sweat glands.
b. skin blood vessels.
c. the liver.
d. the urinary bladder.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: D
DIF: Application
TOP: Autonomic Functions (Table 22-4)
REF: p. 508
18. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. The parasympathetic division is the dominant controller of most autonomic
effectors most of the time.
b. Under quiet, nonstressful conditions, more impulses reach autonomic effectors by
cholinergic parasympathetic fibers than by adrenergic sympathetic fibers.
c. The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an “emergency”
system.
d. Parasympathetic stimulation causes an increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice
and insulin.
ANS: C
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
19. Alpha receptors bind with:
a. acetylcholine.
b. norepinephrine.
c. the toxin muscarine.
d. none of the above.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
20. Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
a. They are usually longer than preganglionic neurons.
b. They produce acetylcholiN
ne.
URSINGTB.COM
c. They produce norepinephrine.
d. They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: pp. 504-505
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
21. Which is not true about parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
a. They are usually shorter than the preganglionic neurons.
b. They produce acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
c. They produce norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.
d. They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: pp. 504-505
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
22. Acetylcholine can stimulate
a. alpha
b. beta
c. nicotinic
d. both alpha and beta
receptors.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
23. Norepinephrine can stimulate
receptors.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 505
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
alpha
beta
nicotinic
both alpha and beta
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
24. How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic
effector?
a. A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and
parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input
from only the sympathetic division.
b. A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and
parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input
from only the parasympathetic division.
c. A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as
neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector utilizes only
acetylcholine.
d. A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as
neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector uses only
norepinephrine.
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF: pp. 499-500
TOP: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
25. Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates
to the autonomic nervous sysN
teU
mR
? SINGTB.COM
a. If sympathetic impulses tend to inhibit the effector, parasympathetic impulses tend
to stimulate it.
b. If sympathetic impulses inhibit autonomic centers, parasympathetic impulses tend
to stimulate them.
c. If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses
tend to inhibit it.
d. If sympathetic impulses initiate nerve conduction, parasympathetic impulses stop
nerve conduction.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 508
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
26. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they:
a. are hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholine.
b. continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors.
c. continually conduct impulses to the brain.
d. have opposing effects.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
TOP: Overview of Autonomic Functions
REF: p. 508
27. If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what
effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation?
a. Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may reach the various sympathetic
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
effectors, where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic
stimulation.
b. Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may reach various sympathetic effectors,
where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation.
c. Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic
effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation.
d. Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may not reach the various sympathetic
effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 503
TOP: Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways
TRUE/FALSE
1. Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 499
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
2. Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by
the parasympathetic division.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 499
3. The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and
through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased.
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: pp. 499-500
4. Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and
parasympathetic neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: pp. 499-500
5. The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 500
6. Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 500
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
7. Preganglionic neurons conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to an autonomic
ganglion.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 500
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
8. Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 500
9. Sympathetic responses are usually widespread, involving many organ systems at once.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
10. The parasympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Sympathetic Pathways
REF: p. 500
11. The effect of a neurotransmitter on any postsynaptic cell is determined by the characteristics
of the receptor, not the neurotransmitter.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
12. Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on sweat glands.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Functions (Table 22-4)
REF: p. 508
13. The sympathetic division is tN
he dRomI
inanGt coB
n.
troCllerMof the body at rest.
U S N T
O
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 510
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
14. Nicotinic receptors are located on the dendrites of all preganglionic neurons of both the
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acetylcholine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
15. All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 503
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
16. Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber will always synapse with
a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 500
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
17. Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the
brainstem.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 504
18. The neurotransmitter released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic
neurons is acetylcholine.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
19. Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
20. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that enhances the action of norepinephrine.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
21. The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are
cholinergic.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 504
22. Acetylcholine affects visceral effectors by first binding to alpha receptors.
ANS: F
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG B.C M
U
S
O
TOP: Acetylcholine and Its Receptors N T
REF: p. 505
23. Both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions continually conduct impulses to
visceral effectors.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 499
24. An effect of sympathetic stimulation on the eye is constriction of the pupil.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Functions (Table 22-4)
REF: p. 508
25. Blood vessels in both digestive organs and skeletal muscles are dilated by sympathetic
stimulation.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Functions (Table 22-4)
REF: p. 508
26. The “fight-or-flight” reaction is a normal response in times of stress.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 509
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
27. Under normal, nonstressful conditions, the parasympathetic division is dominant.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Parasympathetic Division
REF: p. 510
28. Hormones released from the adrenal medulla produce effects similar to those of the
sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
REF: p. 509
29. Biofeedback involves willful control of specific effectors normally controlled only
autonomically.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Biofeedback (Box 22-3)
REF: p. 509
30. The autonomic nervous system is a part of the CNS but operates autonomously.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 499
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
31. Autonomic effectors require two efferent neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 512
32. The parasympathetic divisionNis R
the I
domG
inaB
nt.
coCntrM
oller of the body at rest.
U S N T
O
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Parasympathetic Division
REF: p. 510
33. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons begin within the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 500
34. In most cases, the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic
nervous system are antagonistic to each other.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 500
35. The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar in that they both have two efferent
neurons between the CNS and the effector organ.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 500
36. The gray ramus consists of postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 501
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
37. The autonomic nervous system functions independently of the cerebral cortex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 509
38. A new theory of autonomic neurotransmission says that most postganglionic fibers release
two substances to transmit an impulse.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonadrenergic-Noncholinergic Transmission
REF: p. 506
39. The postganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
produce acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
40. A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
41. A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic PostganNglioR
nic I
NeuG
ronsB.C
U S N T
M
O
REF: p. 504
42. If a nerve impulse is being sent to a gland, it will pass through two neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 499
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
43. A sympathetic preganglionic neuron usually synapses with only one postganglionic neuron.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
REF: pp. 501-503
44. Norepinephrine can stimulate nicotinic or muscarinic receptors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
45. Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
46. Alpha receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine, whereas beta receptors are stimulated by
norepinephrine.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
REF: p. 505
47. The autonomic nervous system regulates subconscious body functions.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 499
48. Autonomic pathways do not connect with skeletal muscles.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System
REF: p. 499
49. The gray rami of the spinal nerve are sympathetic fibers, and the white rami are
parasympathetic fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 500
50. The sympathetic trunk runs from C8 to L4.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: pp. 500-501
51. When the sympathetic fiber enters the sympathetic trunk, it can send branches up or down the
trunk.
ANS: T
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG B.C M
U
S
O
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic NeuronN
s T
REF: pp. 500-501
52. The splanchnic nerve is made up of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 502
53. Some modified postganglionic sympathetic fibers act as endocrine glands.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
54. The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
55. All cranial nerves except nerves I and II contain parasympathetic fibers.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
56. About half of the parasympathetic fibers travel in the vagus nerve.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
REF: p. 503
57. All postganglionic sympathetic fibers release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters
REF: p. 504
MATCHING
Match each term with its description or definition.
a. Sympathetic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. Alpha receptor
d. Nicotinic receptor
e. Sympathetic trunk
f. Splanchnic nerve
g. “Fight or flight”
h. “Rest and repair”
i. Acetylcholine
j. Norepinephrine
1. Structure that lies on either side of the spinal cord and through which preganglionic
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
sympathetic neurons enter
Neurotransmitter released by cholinergic fibers
One type of receptor stimulated by acetylcholine
Nervous system that is also cN
alU
leR
dS
thI
eN
thG
orT
aB
co.
luC
mO
baMr division
Informal term used to describe the response of the body to sympathetic nervous system
stimulation
Structure through which preganglionic sympathetic neurons that did not synapse in the
sympathetic chain ganglion continue
Informal term used to describe the response of the body to parasympathetic nervous system
stimulation
Nervous system that is also called the craniosacral division
Neurotransmitter released by adrenergic fibers
One type of receptor stimulated by norepinephrine
1. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
2. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
3. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acetylcholine and Its Receptors
4. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
5. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
6. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
7. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 501
REF: p. 501
REF: p. 505
REF: p. 500
REF: p. 509
REF: p. 502
REF: p. 510
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Functions of the Parasympathetic Division
8. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
9. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
10. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 503
REF: p. 503
REF: p. 505
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain physiologically how summation influences effectors doubly innervated by the
autonomic nervous system.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 508
TOP: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
2. Explain the function of monoamine oxidase as related to the autonomic nervous system.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 505
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
3. What is the name of the enzyme that terminates the action of acetylcholine?
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS:
Acetylcholinesterase
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Acetylcholine and Its Receptors
REF: p. 505
4. Explain physiologically how a beta blocker affects heart muscle activity.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 505
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
5. What brain structure acts as a “connection” between the cerebrum and the autonomic nervous
system?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 500
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
6. List four ways the body adapts itself for maximum energy expenditure during stress
conditions.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
7. Contrast somatic motor pathways with autonomic pathways.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 500
TOP: Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
8. What two enzymes terminate the activity of norepinephrine? How do they compare with the
enzymes that terminate the activity of acetylcholine? What effect does this difference have on
the body?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 505
TOP: Norepinephrine and Its Receptors
9. Explain the source and possible synapse points for the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 500-503
TOP: Sympathetic PreganglionNic N
e
ur
on
s
R I G B.C M
U S N T
O
10. Explain the ways in which sympathetic postganglionic neurons travel to their effector organs.
Compare the relative length between sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 500-503
TOP: Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons
11. Explain the way parasympathetic neurons travel from the CNS to their effector organs.
Compare the relative length between the parasympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 503-504
TOP: Structure of the Parasympathetic Pathways
12. Explain the principle of autonomic antagonism and why it is important in maintaining
homeostasis.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Application
REF: p. 508
TOP: Overview of Autonomic Functions
13. Explain in general, what the function of the sympathetic nervous system is.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
14. Explain in general, what the function of the parasympathetic nervous system is.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 510
TOP: Functions of the Parasympathetic Division
ESSAY
1. A small child runs in front of your car. You slam on the brakes, skid, and miss hitting the
child by inches. What effects did your autonomic nervous system have on your body as you
reacted to this situation? Explain why it will take you a while to calm yourself after this
incident.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
2. Mrs. Fearful has surgery in the morning. At her preoperative checkup, her blood pressure and
glucose level are elevated. What might be the cause of this temporary increase?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 509
TOP: Functions of the Sympathetic Division
3. Explain why the cells of the adrenal medulla can be considered sympathetic postganglionic
neurons with no specific effector organ.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 500-503
TOP: Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 23: General Senses
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The special senses:
a. are widely distributed throughout the body.
b. enable us to detect pain.
c. are dense in the fingertips.
d. are grouped in the tongue, nose, eyes, and ears.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Distribution of Receptors
REF: p. 515
2. Pain that is perceived as being superficial but actually is caused by an underlying organ is
called
pain.
a. phantom
b. referred
c. chronic
d. acute
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Referred Pain (Box 23-1)
REF: p. 518
3. Visceroceptors are located in which of the following?
a. Skin
b. Tendons
NURSINGTB.COM
c. Internal organs
d. Skeletal muscles
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
4. The somatic senses enable us to detect sensations, including:
a. touch.
b. temperature.
c. pain.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 514
5. Intense stimuli of any type that results in tissue damage will activate:
a. mechanoreceptors.
b. thermoreceptors.
c. nociceptors.
d. photoreceptors.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 517
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
6. Chemoreceptors are most likely to be activated by:
a. cold temperatures.
b. noxious odors.
c. pain.
d. a change of receptor position.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
REF: p. 516
7. The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the:
a. Meissner corpuscles.
b. Krause end bulbs.
c. Ruffini corpuscles.
d. free nerve endings.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
8.
REF: p. 521
Which of the following is true of proprioceptors?
a. Function in relation to movement and position
b. Are superficial receptors
c. Are internal receptors
d. Are receptors for general senses such as touch, pressure, heat, and cold
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
9. Free nerve endings respond to all of the following stimuli except:
N UR SI NG TB.C OM
a. tickling.
b. itching.
c. strength of muscle contractions.
d. pain.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 517 | p. 520
10. Lamellar corpuscles are least numerous in the:
a. palms of the hands.
b. joints of the body.
c. skin of the back.
d. soles of the feet.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
11. Which of the following receptors are found in most body tissues?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Meissner corpuscles
c. Krause end bulbs
d. Ruffini corpuscles
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 517
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. Proprioceptors can be found in:
a. the urinary bladder.
b. major blood vessels of the body.
c. skeletal muscles.
d. both A and C.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
13. The word “deform” describes the stimulus detected by:
a. chemoreceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. thermoreceptors.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
REF: p. 516
14. Which of the following is true about pain receptors?
a. Alpha fibers respond to chronic pain.
b. Alpha fibers are associated with dull, aching pain.
c. Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
d. Beta fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Pain
REF: p. 518
15. Which of the following is anN
anUaR
toS
mI
icN
alGvT
arB
ia.
ntCoO
fM
a Meissner corpuscle?
a. Krause end bulb
b. Pacinian corpuscle
c. Ruffini corpuscle
d. Both A and C
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
16. The two general classes of sense organs are:
a. auditory and visual.
b. peripheral and central.
c. general and special.
d. chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
ANS: C
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 514
17. Sensory impulses ending in what part of the central nervous system (CNS) may affect the
so-called “vital sign” reflexes?
a. Thalamus
b. Cerebellum
c. Brainstem
d. Cerebral cortex
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
18. Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation
awareness?
a. Thalamus
b. Cerebellum
c. Brainstem
d. Cerebral cortex
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
19. Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS give specific awareness of a specific type of
sensation, its exact location, and its level of intensity?
a. Thalamus
b. Cerebellum
c. Brainstem
d. Cerebral cortex
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
20. The two-point discrimination test can be used to measure:
a. visual acuity.
b. the ability to determine the location of a sound.
c. the sensitivity of the skin in various parts of the body.
d. the ability to measure theNrelaRtiveItem
ra.
tuC
re oM
f two different objects.
GpeB
U S N T
O
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Distribution of Receptors
REF: p. 515
21. What types of receptors are important in stimulating the thirst center?
a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Osmoreceptors
c. Chemoreceptors
d. Thermoreceptors
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
REF: p. 517
22. If you slammed your finger in a car door, it would stimulate
a. chronic
b. acute
c. visceral
d. both chronic and visceral
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 518
pain fibers.
TOP: Sense of Pain
23. Which term is another name for a variant of a Meissner corpuscle called the bulboid
corpuscle?
a. Krause end bulb
b. Ruffini corpuscle
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. Pacinian corpuscle
d. Root hair plexus
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
24. Which term is another name for a variant of a Meissner corpuscle called the bulbous
corpuscle?
a. Krause end bulb
b. Ruffini corpuscle
c. Pacinian corpuscle
d. Root hair plexus
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
25. Which large mechanoreceptor, when sectioned, shows thick laminated connective tissue
capsules?
a. Krause end bulb
b. Ruffini corpuscle
c. Pacinian corpuscle
d. Root hair plexus
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
26. Which of the following defines or explains adaptation?
a. The magnitude of a receptor response increases over time to a continuous stimulus.
NUr RreSspo
IN
GT
B.CO
b. The magnitude of a recepto
nse
decreas
esMover time to a continuous
stimulus.
c. The stimulus is sent to the thalamus and redirected to the brainstem.
d. None of the above defines or explains adaptation.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
27. Which of the following statements is not true of exteroceptors?
a. They send both tonic and phasic impulses to the CNS.
b. They are also called cutaneous receptors.
c. They are located on or near the surface of the body.
d. All of the above statements are true of exteroceptors.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
28. Tactile meniscus is another name for the:
a. Meissner corpuscle
b. Pacinian corpuscle
c. Golgi receptor
d. Merkel disk
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 521
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
29. Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential?
a. It follows the all-or-none law.
b. It is a graded response.
c. It occurs when an adequate stimulus acts on a receptor.
d. It can stimulate an action potential in the axon of a sensory neuron.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
30. Which of the following is considered a somatic sense?
a. Smell
b. Taste
c. Equilibrium
d. None of the above
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Distribution of Receptors
REF: p. 515
31. The two general classes of sense organs are:
a. auditory and visual.
b. peripheral and central.
c. general and special.
d. chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
ANS: C
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 514
NnUeRurSoI
32. When referring to the sensory
nsN
, tG
heTtB
er.
mCeO
ndMorgan refers to the
brain.
a. occipital
b. temporal
c. parietal
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
33. Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential?
a. It follows the all-or-none law.
b. It is a graded response.
c. It occurs when an adequate stimulus acts on a receptor.
d. It can stimulate an action potential in the axon of a sensory neuron.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
34. Somatic sensory receptors are found in the:
a. skin.
b. muscles.
c. eyes and ears.
d. all of the above
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 515
lobe of the
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Sensory Pathway
REF: p. 516
TRUE/FALSE
1. Sensory receptors make it possible for the body to respond to stimuli caused by changes
occurring in our external and internal environments.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sensory Receptors
REF: p. 515
2. Touch and pressure are examples of stimuli that activate mechanoreceptors.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
3. As we wear our sneakers, we lose the constant feeling of their presence; this is called
adaptation.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
4. Somatic sense receptors are distributed evenly throughout the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Distribution of Receptors
REF: p. 515
NtoUrR
5. Taste buds are both exterocep
s aSnI
dN
chGeT
mB
or.
ecCepOtM
ors.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 516
TOP: Classification by Location
6. Somatic sense receptors located in muscles and joints are called visceroceptors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
7. Muscle spindles are stimulated by excessive muscle contraction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Proprioception
REF: p. 521
8. Proprioceptors are receptors for touch, pain, heat, and cold.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
9. You feel hungry because of a proprioceptor.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
10. Proprioceptors are activated by a change in temperature.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 516
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
11. Mechanoreceptors are the simplest, most common, and most widely distributed sensory
receptors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Structure
REF: p. 516
12. Somatic sense receptors located in muscles and joints are called proprioceptors.
ANS: T
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 516
TOP: Classification by Location
13. Golgi tendon receptors are stimulated by touch.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
14. Exteroceptors are often called somatic senses.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
15. Olfactory receptors and taste buds are chemoreceptors.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by StimulN
us R I G
B.C M
U S N T
O
REF: p. 516
16. Special sense organs can respond to only one type of stimuli, whereas general sense organs
can respond to several different types of stimuli.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
17. Adaptation by a receptor causes an increase in the rate of impulse but a decrease in its
intensity.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
18. Proprioceptors in muscles and joints tend to adapt faster than other types of receptors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
19. Proprioceptors are specialized types of visceroceptors.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
20. Proprioceptors respond to pressure in such organs as the intestine and the urinary bladder.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
21. Referred pain may be caused by deep organ receptors and skin area receptors entering the
same segment of the spinal cord.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Referred Pain (Box 23-1)
REF: p. 518
22. In referring to proprioceptors, the terms tonic and phasic are interchangeable.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
23. Nociceptors can respond to intense light.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus
REF: p. 517
24. Nociceptors serve as the primary receptor for pain.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Pain
REF: p. 517
25. Because of its importance to survival, the brain has a high concentration of pain receptors.
ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Sense of Pain
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 518
26. Lamellar corpuscle and Ruffini corpuscle refer to the same structure.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
27. Anatomically, each muscle spindle consists of a discrete grouping of about 5 to 10 modified
muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Proprioception
REF: pp. 521-522
28. The stretch reflex helps maintain posture.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Proprioception
REF: p. 522
29. Golgi tendon receptors respond in a way similar to muscle spindles to maintain posture.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Proprioception
30. The terms sensation and perception mean the same thing.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 522
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
31. Another term for a cutaneous receptor is an exteroceptor.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
32. Another term for a visceroceptor is an interoceptor.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
33. Tonic proprioceptors allow us to know the location of our body parts without having to look.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
34. Merkel disks and muscle spindles provide the body with information about muscle and the
strength of muscle contraction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
35. Osmoreceptors measure the type of chemicals in the blood and stimulate the hypothalamus.
B.C M
O
TOP: Classification by StimulusU S N T
ANS: F
DIF:
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 517
36. Osmoreceptors detect changes in the concentration of electrolytes in body fluids and can
stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus
REF: p. 517
37. Photoreceptors are found only in the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus
REF: p. 517
38. Mechanoreceptors are activated by stimuli that in some way deform or change the position of
the receptor.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus
REF: p. 516
39. Referred pain is psychosomatic pain brought on by intense stress.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Referred Pain (Box 23-1)
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 518
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
40. In referred pain, pain in a visceral organ is referred to skin sensors directly above it.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Referred Pain (Box 23-1)
REF: p. 518
41. Pain that develops quickly and can be localized easily is called visceral pain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Pain
REF: p. 518
42. If you cut yourself on the finger, the fiber sending the message to your brain would be a type
A pain fiber.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 518
TOP: Sense of Pain
43. An itch is caused by a rapidly adapting free nerve ending called a root hair plexus.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 520
44. The interpretation of the sensation of being tickled requires a complex interaction of many
parts of the brain.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 520
TOP: Sense of Touch
45. The terms Merkel disk and tactile meniscus refer to the same structure.
ANS: T
DIF:
TOP: Sense of Touch
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
U S N TB.COM
REF: p. 521
46. The tactile receptor is made up of two cells: a tactile epithelial cell and a tactile disk.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
47. Tactile disks adapt rapidly to make sure current information is being sent to the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
48. The Ruffini corpuscle is an example of a bulboid corpuscle.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
49. The ability to sense the presence of your books when you have been holding them for a long
time depends on the functioning of the Krause end bulbs.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 521
TOP: Sense of Touch
50. A graded response is a response graded to the strength of a stimulus.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
51. Thermoreceptors are activated by changes in the concentration of electrolytes.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Receptors
REF: p. 516
52. The function of a receptor is to turn a stimulus into a nerve impulse.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
53. Receptors are often described as sensitive axons or end organs.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Receptor Response
REF: p. 515
54. Special senses tend to be grouped into localized areas.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Distribution of Receptors
REF: p. 515
55. Sensations produced by receptors of general senses are often called somatic senses.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Sensory Pathway
REF: p. 516
N R I G B.COM
56. Walking would stimulate tonicUproS
prioNcepT
tors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Location
REF: p. 516
57. Osmoreceptors monitor the concentration of glucose in the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus
REF: p. 517
58. The primary mechanism of fibromyalgia seems to be an abnormal amplification of pain
information by the CNS.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Pain
REF: p. 519
59. The treatment of fibromyalgia requires an increase of calcium ions in the pain centers of the
spinal cord.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Pain
REF: p. 519
60. Muscle tissue responds to efferent gamma motor neurons and afferent alpha motor neurons.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Proprioception
REF: p. 522
61. Encapsulated nerve endings are encapsulated by cuboidal epithelial tissue.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Touch
REF: p. 521
MATCHING
Match each receptor type with its corresponding description.
a. Chemoreceptors
b. Mechanoreceptors
c. Nociceptors
d. Photoreceptors
e. Thermoreceptors
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activated by intense stimuli of any type that results in tissue damage
Found only in the eye and responds to light
Activated by stretch or pressure in muscle tissue
Could be activated by a concentration of blood glucose
Activated by heat or cold
1. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
2. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by StimulN
us DR
etecI
ted G B.C M
U
S
N T
O
3. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
4. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
5. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
REF: p. 517
REF: p. 517
REF: p. 516
REF: p. 516
REF: p. 516
OTHER
1. Describe each of the receptor categories, based on the types of stimuli that activate them.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 516-517
TOP: Classification by Stimulus Detected
2. Identify the sensation or function of the following somatic sense receptors: free nerve endings,
Meissner corpuscles, Krause end bulbs, Ruffini corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, muscle
spindles, and Golgi tendon receptors.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 519-522
TOP: Sense of Touch and Sense of Proprioception
3. Differentiate between exteroceptors, visceroceptors, and proprioceptors.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 516
TOP: Classification by Location
4. Differentiate between the pain receptors in the body—both fast and slow fibers and visceral
and somatic pain.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 517-519
TOP: Sense of Pain
5. Explain the different functions of the muscle spindles and the Golgi tendon receptors.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 521-522
NURSINGTB.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Sense of Pain
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 24: Special Senses
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The olfactory tract carries impulses associated with:
a. taste.
b. equilibrium.
c. smell.
d. pain.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Smell
2. There are
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
ANS: C
TOP: Middle Ear
REF: p. 527
openings into the middle ear.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
3. Both olfactory receptors and taste buds are:
a. thermoreceptors.
b. chemoreceptors.
c. nociceptors.
NURSINGTB.COM
d. mechanoreceptors.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Smell and Sense of Taste
REF: pp. 527-528
4. The number of pure, or “primary,” tastes is about:
a. 5.
b. 15.
c. 30.
d. 100.
ANS: A
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 529
5. All of the following are “primary” taste sensations except:
a. sweet.
b. sour.
c. spicy.
d. bitter.
ANS: C
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
6. The auditory ossicles include the:
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 529
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
malleus.
incus.
stapes.
All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
7. Which of the following is not a part of the bony labyrinth?
a. Semicircular canal
b. Malleus
c. Vestibule
d. Cochlea
ANS: B
TOP: Inner Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
8. The organ of Corti is located in the:
a. vestibule.
b. semicircular canal.
c. scala vestibuli.
d. cochlear duct.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
9. Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the
impulse condition.
a. tectorial
b. basilar
c. vestibular
d. cochlear
REF: p. 533
membrane can stimulate nerve
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Process of Hearing
REF: p. 533
10. Which of the following structures is not a component of the external ear?
a. Auricle
b. Cerumen-secreting glands
c. Eustachian tube
d. External auditory meatus
ANS: C
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 530-531
11. The tympanic membrane:
a. leads from the auricle into the temporal bone.
b. surrounds the cochlea and the semicircular canals.
c. is continuous with the external auditory meatus.
d. is also known as the inner ear.
ANS: C
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 531
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. Impulses are transmitted from the inner ear to the brainstem by way of the
a. vestibular
b. cochlear
c. tectorial
d. oculomotor
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Process of Hearing
REF: p. 532
13. The sense organs responsible for static equilibrium are located in the:
a. utricle.
b. saccule.
c. semicircular canals.
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANS: D
TOP: Balance
DIF: Memorization
14. The semicircular canals are in
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
REF: p. 534
planes of the body.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vestibule and Semicircular Canals
REF: p. 534
15. The major function of the utrN
icU
leRaS
ndIsN
acGcT
ulB
e.
inC
thOeM
vestibule is:
a. transmitting sound waves through bones.
b. changing sound waves into nerve impulses.
c. detecting the position of the head.
d. conducting sound waves through endolymph.
ANS: C
TOP: Balance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 534
16. Blood vessels are found in which of the following parts of the eye?
a. Cornea
b. Lens
c. Choroid
d. Aqueous humor
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 539
17. The white of the eye is referred to as the:
a. sclera.
b. choroid.
c. retina.
d. cornea.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 538
nerve.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
18. The part of the eye containing nervous tissue is the:
a. sclera.
b. choroid.
c. iris.
d. retina.
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF: p. 540
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
19. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Cones are more numerous than rods.
b. Cones are most densely concentrated in the fovea centralis.
c. Rods are most densely concentrated in the macula lutea.
d. Cones increase in density toward the periphery of the retina.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 540
20. To produce a clear image, the aqueous humor is involved in the process of:
a. refraction.
b. constriction.
c. accommodation.
d. convergence.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 542
21. The function of the lacrimal N
apU
paRraStuIsNisGtT
o:B.COM
a. secrete aqueous humor.
b. secrete vitreous humor.
c. drain aqueous humor.
d. secrete tears.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 537
22. Presbyopia is a condition resulting from:
a. excessive aqueous humor.
b. opacity of the lens.
c. loss of lens elasticity.
d. irregular curvature of the cornea.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 543
23. Which of the following must happen for near vision to occur?
a. Increased tension of the suspensory ligament
b. Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
c. Increased curvature of the lens
d. Contraction of the superior rectus muscle
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 543
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
24. Strabismus is a problem related to:
a. convergence.
b. accommodation.
c. refraction.
d. constriction.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 544
25. Which of the following is a primary photopigment?
a. Green
b. Orange
c. White
d. Purple
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
26. There are how many types of cones in the retina?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
NURSINGTB.COM
27. The inability to focus the lens properly as we age is called:
a. myopia.
b. hyperopia.
c. presbyopia.
d. astigmatism.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 543
28. Which is not true of nearsightedness?
a. Light rays converge in front of the retina.
b. The eyeball may be too long.
c. Convex glasses are used for correction.
d. If uncorrected, the image is blurred.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 548
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
29. Irregular curvature of the cornea can produce:
a. myopia.
b. glaucoma.
c. hyperopia.
d. astigmatism.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: pp. 548-549
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
30. Which of the following is not a structure of the middle ear?
a. Incus
b. Stapes
c. Auditory tube
d. Vestibule
ANS: D
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 531-532
31. Which of the following structures is concerned with hearing?
a. Utricle
b. Saccule
c. Semicircular canals
d. Cochlear duct
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Process of Hearing
REF: p. 532
32. The passageway leading to the tympanic membrane is the:
a. external auditory meatus.
b. auditory tube.
c. eustachian tube.
d. oval window.
ANS: A
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 530-531
NURSINGTB.COM
33. The eyelids and anterior surface of the eye are lined by the:
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. lens.
d. conjunctiva.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 537
34. Tongue papillae are classified by which of the following?
a. scent
b. structure
c. location
d. function
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Taste
35. The word cochlea means:
a. shell
b. snail
c. crest
d. ocean
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 528
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Process of Hearing
REF: p. 532
36. Taste buds can be found:
a. in the lining of the mouth.
b. on the soft palate.
c. on the tongue.
d. in all of the above locations.
ANS: D
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
37. Which of the following tongue papillae do not have taste buds?
a. Fungiform
b. Filiform
c. Foliate
d. All of the above contain taste buds.
ANS: B
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
38. Which structure is not inside the vestibule of the inner ear?
a. Cochlear duct
b. Utricle
c. Saccule
d. All of the above are in the vestibule.
ANS: A
TOP: Inner Ear
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 532
39. Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the eye?
a. Eyebrows
b. Eyelashes
c. The palpebrae
d. All of the above are accessory structures.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 536
40. Clearness or sharpness of visual perception is known as:
a. control
b. peripheral sense
c. visual acuity
d. visual balance
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Visual Acuity (Box 24-2)
REF: p. 542
41. How many subdivisions does the anterior cavity of the eyeball have?
a. one
b. two
c. four
d. none
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 541
42. The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and
ending at the oval window is:
a. malleus, incus, and stapes.
b. malleus, stapes, and incus.
c. stapes, malleus, and incus.
d. stapes, incus, and malleus.
ANS: A
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
43. Which tongue papillae are huge dome-shaped bumps that form a transverse row near the back
of the tongue?
a. Fungiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Foliate papillae
d. Filiform papillae
ANS: B
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
44. Which tongue papillae do not contain taste buds but allow us to experience food texture and
“feel”?
a. Fungiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Foliate papillae
d. Filiform papillae
ANS: D
TOP: Taste Buds
NURSINGTB.COM
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
45. Which tongue papillae are large, mushroom-shaped bumps found in the anterior two-thirds of
the tongue surface?
a. Fungiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Foliate papillae
d. Filiform papillae
ANS: A
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
46. Of all the papillae on the tongue, which one contains the most taste buds?
a. Fungiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Foliate papillae
d. All papillae contain about the same number of taste buds.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 528
TOP: Taste Buds
47. Cones that are sensitive to light in the blue wavelength wave are referred to as
NURSINGTB.COM
cones.
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
B
L
S
M
ANS: C
TOP: Cones
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 544
48. When you are looking at a large green field, which cones would be sending the green
wavelength to the brain?
a. G
b. L
c. S
d. M
ANS: D
DIF: Application
REF: p. 544
TOP: Cones
49. The photopigment melanopsin is found in:
a. rods only.
b. cones only.
c. ganglion cells.
d. both rods and cones.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 546
50. Which of the following statements is not true of the olfactory receptors?
a. They are chemoreceptors.
N that
RSisIeasily
NGTB.C
OM
b. They are located in an areaU
stimulated.
c. The sense of smell in humans is less keen than in many other animals.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
51. Which of the following statements is not true about the sense of hearing?
a. The amplitude of the sound wave determines the volume.
b. The frequency of the sound wave determines pitch.
c. High-frequency sound waves cause the basilar membrane near the oval window to
vibrate.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Hearing
REF: p. 533
52. Which of the following statements is not true of the eye?
a. The anterior cavity is filled with vitreous fluid.
b. The anterior cavity is divided into anterior and posterior chambers.
c. The posterior cavity is larger than the anterior cavity.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 541
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. Olfaction requires the chemical response of a dissolved substance for a stimulus.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Smell
REF: p. 527
2. The olfactory receptor cells lie in an excellent position functionally to smell delicate odors.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
3. The transmission pathway for olfactory sensations is olfactory cilia, olfactory bulb, olfactory
tract, and cerebral cortex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Pathway
REF: p. 528
4. The tip of the tongue reacts best to bitter taste.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
5. The tip of the tongue reacts best to a salty taste and, to a lesser extent, to a sweet taste.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 528
6. The eustachian tube connects the inner ear with the trachea.
ANS: F
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
7. High-frequency sound waves cause the narrow portion of the basilar membrane near the oval
window to vibrate.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Hearing
REF: p. 533
8. The auditory ossicles include the malleus, incus, and stapes.
ANS: T
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
9. Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the cochlear membrane can stimulate
nerve impulse conduction.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 534
TOP: Neural Pathway of Hearing
10. The sense organs associated with the semicircular canals function in static equilibrium.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
TOP: Balance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 534
11. Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the crista ampullaris.
ANS: T
TOP: Balance
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 534
12. The retina is the incomplete innermost coat of the eyeball, in that it has no anterior portion.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 540
13. The posterior cavity of the eye contains aqueous humor.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 541
14. The eye is the only organ in the body in which both voluntary and involuntary muscles are
found.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the Eye
REF: p. 538
15. Glaucoma is a disease in which the lens becomes opaque.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 542
NURSINGTB.COM
16. Movement of the eyeball in any desired direction is accomplished by several intrinsic
muscles.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the Eye
REF: p. 538
17. All muscles of the eye are involuntary.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the Eye
REF: p. 538
18. Three processes focus light rays so that they form a clear image on the retina: refraction of the
light rays, constriction of the pupil, and convergence of the eye.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 542
19. Visual acuity is the clearness or sharpness of visual perception.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Visual Acuity (Box 24-2)
REF: p. 542
20. Aqueous humor is a gelatinous substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eyeball.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 541
21. Refraction means the deflection, or bending, of light rays.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 542
22. Rhodopsin, the photopigment in rods, is less sensitive to light than cone pigments are.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
23. Color blindness is caused by mistakes in producing three photopigments in the cones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Color Blindness
REF: p. 546
24. The photo pupil reflex is an accommodation process normally used to see objects that are
close.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 543
25. Usually the closer an object is, the greater the degree of convergence that is necessary to
maintain single vision.
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
ANS: T
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 544
26. Both rods and cones function to produce color vision.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
27. Rhodopsin is a photopigment present in rods that is used for night vision.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
28. Strabismus is more of a problem with the internal ciliary muscle than with the external
muscles.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 544
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
29. Because rhodopsin is less sensitive to light than the cone photopigments, brighter light is
necessary for its breakdown.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 544
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
30. Convergence of impulses from cones is common.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
31. Each optic nerve contains fibers from both retinas.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neuronal Pathway of Vision
REF: p. 546
32. The number of pure, or “primary,” odorant receptors is about 15.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
33. Spicy is one of the “primary” taste sensations.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
34. The tip of the tongue reacts best to sweet taste.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
35. The sense organs responsible for the sense of balance are located in the vestibule and cochlea.
ANS: F
TOP: Balance
DIF:
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 534
36. The membranous labyrinth is filled with perilymph.
ANS: F
TOP: Inner Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
37. The correct order of the auditory ossicles deep to the tympanic membrane is malleus, incus,
and stapes.
ANS: T
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
38. There are three semicircular canals per ear.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Vestibule and Semicircular Canals
REF: p. 534
39. From superficial to deep, the three layers of tissue that compose the eyeball are sclera,
choroid, and retina.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 538
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
40. The white of the eye is called the choroid.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 538
41. The function of the lacrimal gland is to secrete tears.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 537
42. Light from red colors causes the breakdown of rhodopsin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
43. Farsightedness, which is often the inability to focus the lens properly as we age, is also called
presbyopia.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
REF: p. 543
44. The canal of Schlemm drains the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 538
45. Aqueous humor is formed by secretion of the ciliary body into the posterior chamber.
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
ANS: T
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 541
46. The correct order of the flow of tears is lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, punctum, lacrimal sac,
lacrimal canal, and nasolacrimal duct.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 537
47. The opening and separation of opsin and rhodopsin in the presence of light is called
bleaching.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
48. The retina is the complete outermost coat of the eyeball.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 540
49. A person with 20/100 vision can see objects at 20 feet that a person with normal vision can
see at 100 feet.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 542
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Visual Acuity (Box 24-2)
50. The use of high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) is used to give a detailed
look at the condition of the retinal layers.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Eye
REF: p. 541
51. Unlike other neurons, olfactory receptors are replaced on a regular basis.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
52. Germinative epithelial basal cells constantly replace olfactory receptor neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
53. Taste buds are stimulated by chemicals called tastants.
ANS: T
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
54. A new primary taste, called umami, found in protein foods has been proposed by researchers.
ANS: T
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 529
N R I G B.C M
55. Chemical structure of a food isUtheSsolN
e deT
terminaO
nt of its flavor or taste.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neural Pathway of Taste
REF: p. 530
56. The terms auricle and pinna refer to the same anatomical structure of the ear.
ANS: T
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 530
57. The stapes rests on the inner surface of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum.
ANS: F
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
58. The function of the eustachian tube is to equalize all pressure on either side of the oval
window.
ANS: F
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
59. The tectorial membrane is responsible for generating impulses to maintain static equilibrium.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 533
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Inner Ear
60. As the frequency of a sound wave increases, it causes the basilar membrane to vibrate nearer
the oval window.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Hearing
REF: p. 534
61. Otoliths are “ear stones” that are found in the matrix of the macula of the ear.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Static Equilibrium
REF: p. 534
62. The cell most likely to be found in the fovea centralis of the eye would be a rod cell.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 540
63. Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are found in the anterior cavity of the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
REF: p. 541
64. Chemically, all photopigments in rods can be broken down into opsin and retinal.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
N R I G B.C M
NpoTrtant coOmponent of photopigments in rods.
65. The vitamin A derivative opsinUis aSn im
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 544
66. The stapes fits into the round window in the middle ear.
ANS: F
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
67. The number of sound waves that occur during a specific timeframe is called its frequency.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Hearing
REF: p. 533
68. The frequency of a sound determines its pitch.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Hearing
REF: p. 533
69. Because rods only see in “black and white,” they are equally responsive to the entire range of
visible wavelengths.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 544
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: Rods
70. Palpebrae is the scientific name for the eyelashes.
ANS: F
TOP: Eyelids
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 537
71. Recovering from the effects of rapidly traveling through many time zones (jet lag) requires
the functioning of the ganglion cells of the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 546
TOP: Ganglion Cells
72. There are three structurally different taste buds: fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
73. All taste buds are located on the tongue.
ANS: F
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
74. Some ions are linked with a specific taste, such as H+ ions being sour and Na+ ions being
salty.
ANS: T
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 529
N R I G B.C M
75. The pinna and external acoustiU
c mS
eatuN
s reT
fer to thO
e same structure.
ANS: F
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 530
76. The external ear ends at the eardrum.
ANS: T
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
77. The two fluids of the middle ear are perilymph and endolymph.
ANS: F
TOP: Inner Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
78. Perilymph is similar to cerebrospinal fluid and surrounds the membranous labyrinth.
ANS: T
TOP: Inner Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
79. The section above the cochlear duct is called the scala vestibuli.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 532
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
80. The section below the cochlear duct is called the scala vestibuli.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
REF: p. 533
81. The hearing sense organ is the organ of Corti.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
REF: p. 533
82. The macula is involved in static equilibrium.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Sense of Balance
REF: p. 534
83. The iris is the colored part of the eye.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 538
84. The pupil is an opening in the middle of the iris.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 539
85. In order to produce the sharpest image, light is focused on the optic disk of the eye.
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
ANS: F
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
REF: p. 544
86. The slow adaptation of the sense of smell is due to the adaptation inhibition of the granule
cells in the olfactory bulb.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
REF: p. 527
87. Gustatory cells are responsible for the sense of taste.
ANS: T
TOP: Taste Buds
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
MATCHING
Place in proper sequence the structures through which sound waves are conducted, starting
with the number 1 and ending with 9.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
f.
g.
h.
i.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
6
7
8
9
Perilymph
Stapes
Tympanic membrane
Malleus
External auditory canal
Oval window
Round window
Incus
Organ of Corti
1. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
2. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
3. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
4. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
5. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
6. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound WaveN
s R I G B.C M
U S N T
O
7. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
8. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
9. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
REF: p. 534
Match each outer ear term with its corresponding description.
a. Auricle
b. Cerumen
c. External auditory meatus
d. Tympanic membrane
10.
11.
12.
13.
Fleshy part of external ear on the outside of head
Earwax
Passageway that leads to the tympanic membrane
Thin membrane that separates the inner ear and middle ear; vibrates in response to sound
waves
10. ANS: A
TOP: External Ear
11. ANS: B
TOP: External Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 530
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External Ear
13. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: External Ear
REF: p. 531
REF: p. 531
Match each middle ear term with its corresponding description.
a. Auditory ossicles
b. Auditory tube
c. Mastoid air spaces
d. Oval window
e. Round window
14. Membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear; the stapes attaches to the
15.
16.
17.
18.
membrane
Membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear; nothing attaches to the
membrane
Spaces in the temporal bone that are connected to the middle ear
Structure that enables air pressure to be equalized between the outside air and the middle ear;
also known as the eustachian tube
Ear bones that transmit and amplify vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window;
the malleus, incus, and stapes
14. ANS: D
TOP: Middle Ear
15. ANS: E
TOP: Middle Ear
16. ANS: C
TOP: Middle Ear
17. ANS: B
TOP: Middle Ear
18. ANS: A
TOP: Middle Ear
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 531
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 532
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 531
U S N TB.COM
Match each inner ear term with its corresponding description.
a. Basilar membrane
b. Bony labyrinth
c. Cochlea
d. Cochlear duct
e. Endolymph
f. Membranous labyrinth
g. Organ of Corti
h. Perilymph
i. Scala tympani
j. Scala vestibule
k. Semicircular canals
l. Tectorial membrane
m. Vestibular membrane
n. Vestibule
19. The organ of hearing; located in the cochlea and filled with endolymph
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Consists of vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals
Membranes that are found within the bony labyrinth
Fluid between the bony and membranous labyrinths
Fluid within the membranous labyrinth
Part of the inner ear involved with hearing
A part of the inner ear involved with equilibrium
Cavity at the entrance of the semicircular canal
Membrane that separates the scala vestibuli and the cochlear duct
Membrane that separates the scala tympani and the cochlear duct
Upper section of the cochlea
Lower section of the cochlea
Space that contains the organ of Corti
Membrane to which hair cells of the organ of Corti extend
19. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
DIF: Memorization
20. ANS: B
TOP: Inner Ear
21. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner Ear
22. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner Ear
23. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner Ear
24. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner Ear
NURSINGTB.COM
25. ANS: K
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Inner Ear
26. ANS: N
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
27. ANS: M
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
28. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
29. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
30. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
31. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
32. ANS: L
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cochlea and Cochlear Duct
REF: p. 533
REF: p. 533
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 532
REF: p. 533
Match each structure of the eye with its corresponding description.
a. Aqueous humor
b. Choroid
c. Cones
d. Cornea
e. Fovea centralis
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Iris
Optic disk
Retina
Rods
Vitreous humor
Humor found in the posterior chamber
Humor found in the anterior chamber
Layer that includes the iris
Transparent portion of the anterior of the eye
Innermost layer of the eyeball
Receptors for day vision
Area of dense concentration of cones
Receptor that is more concentrated in the peripheral area of the retina
Referred to as the blind spot in the eye
Changes in size or shape determine the size of the pupil
33. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
34. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Cavities and Humors
35. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
36. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
37. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball NURSINGTB.COM
38. ANS: C
DIF: Application REF: p. 544
39. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
40. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
41. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
42. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Muscles of the Eye
REF: p. 541
REF: p. 541
REF: p. 539
REF: p. 538
REF: p. 540
TOP: The Role of Photopigments
REF: p. 540
REF: p. 540
REF: p. 540
REF: p. 539
OTHER
1. Describe the neuronal pathway for taste.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 530
TOP: Neuronal Pathway of Taste
2. What is the function of the eustachian tube?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 531-532
TOP: Middle Ear
3. Sound waves are transmitted through solids, liquids, and gases. Give a specific example of
each of these states as related to hearing and the ear.
Solid:
Liquid:
Gas:
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 534
TOP: Pathway of Sound Waves
4. How does the ear differentiate between high- and low-frequency sound waves?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 533
TOP: The Process of Hearing
5. What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium? Where are the sense organs
for each located?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 534
TOP: Balance
6. Where is the blind spot located? Why can’t light rays striking this area be seen?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 540-541
TOP: Layers of the Eyeball
7. Explain the processes that allow for the focusing of light rays so that they form a clear image
on the retina.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 542-544
TOP: Formation of Retinal Image
8. Explain why watery eyes occur when a person gets a common cold.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 537-538
TOP: Lacrimal Apparatus
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
9. Describe how light is converted into action potentials that are transmitted to the brain and
interpreted as vision.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 542-543
TOP: The Process of Seeing
10. In a generalized manner, describe the dual sensory functions of the ear.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 530
TOP: The Process of Hearing | Balance
11. Explain the olfactory pathway. Why is it possible to link odors so powerfully to memory?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 528
TOP: Olfactory Pathway
ESSAY
1. Although Donald’s vision was normal, he had begun experiencing headaches and pain in his
eyes. The ophthalmologist suggested a test to determine the pressure in the anterior cavity of
Donald’s eyes. Why did the dNoctR
or rI
ecom
Gmen
B.d CthisMtest, and what disease state was he
U S N T
O
anticipating?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 549-550
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
2. Grandpa Joe notices that his vision is becoming cloudy. What is the likely cause of his
problem? Provide a brief description of the cause and how it may be remedied.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 549
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
3. Amanda repeatedly became ill with throat infections during her first few years of school.
Lately she has noticed that whenever she has a throat infection, her ears become very sore
also. What might be the cause of this additional problem? Explain the connection between the
two problems.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 531-532
TOP: Middle Ear
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
4. Explain why the smell of a newly painted room becomes less noticeable the longer you are in
it but seems very strong again if you leave for a while and then return to the room.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 527
TOP: Olfactory Receptors
5. Explain why the smell of a hospital or dentist’s office can bring about negative emotions and
why the smell of baking cookies or a baking turkey around Thanksgiving time can bring about
positive emotions.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 528
TOP: Olfactory Pathway
NURSINGTB.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Endocrine glands can be made up of:
a. glandular epithelium.
b. neurosecretory tissue.
c. ducts leading to major arteries
d. both A and B.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
2. In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are:
a. rapid to appear but short-lived.
b. slow to appear but long-lasting.
c. rapid to appear and long-lasting.
d. slow to appear and short-lived.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
a. Chemical messenger travels a short distance.
b. Effector tissues include virtually all tissues.
c. Receptors are located on N
the
plas
ane
UR
SIma
NGmem
TBb.rC
OMor within the target cell.
d. All of the above are characteristics of the endocrine system.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
4. Which of the following endocrine glands is located in the neck?
a. Pineal
b. Pituitary
c. Thymus
d. Thyroid
ANS: D
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
5. Tropic hormones:
a. target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion.
b. target reproductive tissues.
c. stimulate anabolism in their target cells.
d. do all of the above.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
6. All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except:
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 558
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
oxytocin.
calcitonin.
cortisol.
glucagon.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
7. The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is:
a. joining with the G protein on the cell membrane.
b. protein kinases activate other enzymes.
c. adenyl cyclase is activated.
d. cAMP is formed.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
8. Hormones can be:
a. steroids.
b. peptides.
c. glycoproteins.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
9. Steroids are able to pass easily through a target cell’s plasma membrane because they are:
a. synthesized from amino acids. I G B.C M
N rate
RS
b. synthesized from carbohydU
s. N T
O
c. lipid-soluble.
d. synthesized from nucleic acids.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
10. When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the
phenomenon is called:
a. synergism.
b. permissiveness.
c. antagonism.
d. augmentation.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
11. Which of the following nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors associated with a DNA
molecule within the nucleus of the target cell?
a. Thyroxine
b. Triiodothyronine
c. Prolactin
d. Both A and B
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 564
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TOP: The Nuclear Receptor Mechanism
12. The compound that is referred to as a tissue hormone is:
a. growth hormone.
b. prostaglandin.
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone.
d. thyroxine.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 567
13. All of the following are true statements except:
a. there are at least 16 different prostaglandins.
b. the first prostaglandin was identified in semen.
c. aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis.
d. PGFs have been used to induce labor and accelerate the delivery of a baby.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: pp. 567-568
14. The type(s) of prostaglandin that play(s) a role in the development of a fever is(are):
a. PGA.
b. PGE.
c. PGF.
d. PGA and PGE.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 568
NURSINGTB.COM
15. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Both the nervous system and endocrine system use chemicals to send messages.
b. For the nervous and endocrine systems to function, the receiving cells must have
the correct type of receptors.
c. Cells can have receptors for hormones or for neurotransmitters but not for both.
d. The nervous and endocrine systems can be seen as one system—the
neuroendocrine system.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
16. The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the:
a. anterior pituitary.
b. posterior pituitary.
c. thyroid gland.
d. parathyroid gland.
ANS: A
DIF: Synthesis
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 565
17. The many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as
hormones.
a. steroid or nonsteroid
b. anabolic or catabolic
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. sex or nonsex
d. tropic or hypotropic
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
18. Which of the following is not true of steroid hormones?
a. They are lipid-soluble.
b. They are derived from a fatty acid molecule.
c. They can pass through the cell membrane.
d. All of the above are true about steroid hormones.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
19. Which of the following is not a description of hormone interaction explained in the text?
a. Suppression
b. Antagonism
c. Synergism
d. Permissiveness
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
20. The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the:
a. formation of cAMP.
b. increase of enzyme-controlled intracellular reactions.
c. transcription of RNA. N R I G B.C M
d. activation of adenyl cyclaseU. S N T
O
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
21. One of the later effects of steroid hormones on the cell could be the:
a. transcription of RNA.
b. making of enzymes.
c. formation of cAMP.
d. activation of kinases.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
22. Which of the following does not act as a second messenger for nonsteroid hormones?
a. Inositol triphosphate
b. Guanosine monophosphate
c. Calcium-calmodulin complex
d. All of the above act as second messengers.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: pp. 562-563
23. Which of the following is not a functional classification of hormones?
a. Steroid
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
b. Tropic
c. Anabolic
d. Neither A nor B is a functional classification of hormones.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
24. Which of the following is not a chemical classification of hormones?
a. Steroid
b. Anabolic
c. Tropic
d. Neither B nor C is a chemical classification of hormones.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
25. The common molecule from which all steroid hormones are derived is:
a. phospholipids.
b. cholesterol.
c. lecithin.
d. triglycerols.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
26. Which of the following is not a source of nonsteroid hormones?
a. Cholesterol
b. Protein
N R I G B.C M
c. Protein joined with a carboU
hydS
rateN T
O
d. Individual amino acids
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
27. When a hormone attaches to a target cell, which of the following can occur?
a. It can initiate protein synthesis.
b. It can open or close ion channels.
c. It can activate certain enzymes in the cell.
d. All of the above can occur.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
28. The term downregulation refers to the:
a. decrease in hormone production as we age.
b. negative-feedback system of hormone regulation.
c. reduction of the number of hormone receptors in a cell.
d. movement of regulating hormones from the hypothalamus down to the pituitary
gland.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Target Cell Sensitivity
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 566
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
29. Synergism in hormone activity can be defined as:
a. one hormone causing the opposite effect of another hormone.
b. two hormones working together to enhance each other’s impact on a target cell.
c. a small amount of one hormone allowing another hormone to have its full effect.
d. none of the above; hormones do not work synergistically.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
30. Hormones that regulate activity in the secreting cell itself are called:
a. prostaglandins.
b. paracrine hormones.
c. autocrine hormones.
d. leukotriene hormones.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Local Hormones (Box 25-3)
REF: p. 567
31. Which of the following is not a protein hormone?
a. Oxytocin
b. Insulin
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. All of the above are protein hormones.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
32. Which of the following is not a peptide hormone?
NURSINGTB.COM
a. Oxytocin
b. Insulin
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. All of the above are peptide hormones.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
33. Which of the following is not an amino acid derivative hormone?
a. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Thyroid hormones
d. All of the above are amino acid derivative hormones.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
34.
REF: p. 558
Which of the following is not true of prostaglandins?
a. Contain a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid chain
b. Contain a 5-carbon ring
c. Made from membrane phospholipid molecules
d. All of the above are true of prostaglandins.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: pp. 567-568
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1. Most hormones are highly specific in their action.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 561
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
2. Endocrine glands release their hormones into ducts that eventually empty into the circulatory
system.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
3. The endocrine system can regulate most cells in the body.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
4. Both the endocrine and nervous systems exhibit control via regulatory feedback loops.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
5. The general effect of hormones is to produce regulatory changes within the target cell.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
IcNtioGnTB.COM
TOP: General Principles of HoN
rm
eA
UoRnS
REF: p. 561
6. All nonsteroid hormones operate according to the second-messenger model.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
7. The “lock-and-key” mechanism allows hormones to bind only with target cells that have
receptors that “fit” them exactly.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
8. Input from the nervous system influences secretion of some hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 565
9. Short feedback loops tend to minimize wide fluctuations in hormone secretion rates.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 566
10. The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are neurotransmitters.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
11. In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are
rapidly apparent, but short-lived.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 566
12. The control of hormone secretion is usually a positive-feedback loop.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 564
13. The endocrine system functions at a much greater speed than the nervous system.
ANS: F
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
14. The most widely used method of hormone classification is by location in the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
15. The anterior pituitary gland can be either stimulated to release hormones or inhibited from
releasing hormones by secretions from the hypothalamus.
ANS: T
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG B.C M
U
S
O
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion N T
REF: p. 565
16. Norepinephrine can be considered a neurotransmitter or a hormone, depending on what
releases it and how far it must travel to reach a receptor.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
17. Hormones can be classified based on their chemical structure or their function.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
18. Chemically, steroid hormones are derived from the cholesterol molecule.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
19. Protein hormones, glycoprotein hormones, and peptide hormones all contain amino acids.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 558
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
20. The amino acid tyrosine is used to produce epinephrine and the hormones made in the thymus
gland.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
21. Hormones are synergistic if they have opposite effects on the target cell.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
22. Hormones that are antagonistic to each other are able to “fine-tune” the activity of the target
cell with great accuracy.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
23. The endocrine system is considered a very efficient system, because virtually every hormone
molecule produced finds its target cell receptor.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
24. Steroid hormones frequently travel in the bloodstream attached to soluble plasma proteins.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
25. The specific role of cAMP is to activate kinases.
N R I G B.COM
UoriS
ANS: T
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n T
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
26. Both steroid and nonsteroid hormones produce their effects by increasing the number of
enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: pp. 561-562
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action, Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
27. Prostaglandins are lipid substances derived from cholesterol.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 568
28. Thromboxanes and leukotrienes can be called tissue hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 567
29. Upregulating and downregulating hormone receptor proteins on the membrane of a target cell
will change its sensitivity to a hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Target Cell Sensitivity
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 566
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
30. The target organs for tropic hormones are usually other endocrine glands.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 558
TOP: Classification of Hormones
31. In terms of affecting hormone action, synergism and permissiveness mean the same thing.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
32. Both synergism and permissiveness can increase the effect of a hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
33. The cAMP system, the inositol triphosphate (IP3) system, and the mobile-receptor system are
second-messenger systems used by nonsteroid hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
34. Cells make prostaglandins by breaking apart triglyceride molecules.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 568
35. The name prostaglandin comes from the prostate gland.
ANS: T
DIF:
TOP: Prostaglandins
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
Mem
zatioN
n
REF: p. 568
36. Aspirin and ibuprofen produce some of their effects by inhibiting PGA synthesis.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 568
37. Two specific prostaglandins are thromboxanes and leukotrienes.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 567
38. Protein hormones that contain lipid molecules can be classified as glycoprotein hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
39. Most cells in the body can respond to many different types of hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 561
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
40. In areas of the body where circulation is poor, hormones are carried by small ducts called
hormone channels.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
41. The nuclear-receptor model is used in describing the action of steroid hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: pp. 561-562
42. If the cellular response to a hormone caused an increase in RNA synthesis, the hormone most
likely was a steroid hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: pp. 561-562
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
43. The fixed-membrane-receptor model is used in describing the action of nonsteroid hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
44. If a small amount of hormone produced a disproportionately great response in a cell, the
hormone was most likely a nonsteroid hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 563
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
N R I G B.C M
U Sfarther
N Tto reachOtheir target cell than do paracrine
45.4 Autocrine hormones have to travel
5 hormones.
.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 567
TOP: Local Hormones (Box 25-3)
46. Both the endocrine system and nervous system are important in regulation of body function.
ANS: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 556
47. The target cell in the endocrine system is similar to the postganglionic neuron in the nervous
system, because they both have receptors that respond to the presence of a chemical.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
48. The release of a hormone by a gland is called signal transduction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
49. Cells either have receptors for neurotransmitters and respond to the nervous system or have
hormone receptors and respond to the endocrine system, but not both.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
50. A hormone is able to stimulate more cells than a neurotransmitter.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
51. Some cases of hormone deficiency can be traced to an obstruction in the duct through which
the hormone must pass.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF: p. 557
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
52. Some endocrine glands are actually made of nervous tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 557
53. Many endocrine glands are made of epithelial tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
REF: p. 567
54. Endocrine glands are located either in the head or the neck.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the EndN
ocrinRe SI
ysteG
m
B.C M
U S N T
O
REF: p. 567
55. A hormone that stimulates the salivary glands (exocrine glands) would be a tropic hormone.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
REF: p. 558
56. Examples of steroid hormones are cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Steroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
57. Examples of nonsteroid hormones are insulin, oxytocin, and epinephrine.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
58. A list of the nonsteroid hormones from largest to smallest would read protein hormones,
amino acid derivative hormones, and peptide hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Nonsteroid Hormones
REF: p. 558
59. One outcome of a nonsteroid hormone would be the synthesis of a specific enzyme.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
60. With a steroid hormone, the amount of hormone is directly related to the magnitude of the
response in the target cell.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
61. Steroid hormones tend to generate a rapid response in their target cells.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
62. Thyroid hormones are nonsteroid hormones but act more like steroid hormones when they
reach their target cells.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF: p. 564
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
63. In nonsteroid hormones, the hormone itself is the first messenger.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
64. Some nonsteroid hormones attach to cell membrane sodium channels, causing them to open
and allowing an influx of sodium into the cell.
N R I G B.COM
U S N T
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
65. Some nonsteroid hormones do not use a second messenger but are taken into the cell by
endocytosis and act directly on their target cells.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
REF: p. 562
66. Responses that result from endocrine feedback loops are called endocrine reflexes.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 564
67. Parathyroid hormone reflexively increases secretion of parathyroid hormone in response to an
increase in blood calcium levels.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Secretion
REF: p. 565
68. The number of hormone receptors a cell has remains constant throughout the life of the cell.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Regulation of Hormone Sensitivity
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 566
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
69. Because most cells secrete prostaglandins, there is usually a fairly high concentration of
prostaglandins in the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: pp. 567-568
70. There are 16 structural classes of prostaglandins, classes A though P.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
REF: p. 567
MATCHING
Match each chemical classification with a corresponding hormone.
a. Steroid
b. Protein
c. Glycoprotein
d. Peptide
e. Amine
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cortisol
Melatonin
Insulin
Somatostatin
Luteinizing hormone
NURSING TB.COM
1. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
2. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
3. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
4. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
5. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
Match each term with its explanation or definition.
a. Synergism
b. Steroid hormone
c. Second messenger
d. Target cell
e. Upregulation
f. Antagonism
g. Prostaglandin
h. Tropic hormone
i. Nonsteroid hormone
j. Permissiveness
6. A cell with receptors for a specific hormone
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 558
REF: p. 558
REF: p. 558
REF: p. 558
REF: p. 558
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A small amount of hormone allows another hormone to have its full effect
Usually requires a second messenger to function
Uses the mobile-receptor model to function
Sometimes called a tissue hormone
One hormone has the opposite effect of another hormone
cAMP is an example of this
Increasing the number of receptors on a target cell
Hormone that targets another endocrine gland
The combination of hormones have a greater effect than the sum of the effects of the two
hormones separately
6. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Organization of the Endocrine System
7. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
8. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
9. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
10. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prostaglandins
11. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
12. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
13. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
B.C M
N
R
I
G
TOP: Regulation of Target Cell U
SensS
itivN
ity T
O
14. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Classification of Hormones
15. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
REF: p. 561
REF: p. 561
REF: p. 562
REF: p. 561
REF: p. 567
REF: p. 561
REF: p. 562
REF: p. 566
REF: p. 558
REF: p. 561
OTHER
1. Explain how a hormone can act specifically on one type of cell and not on others.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 561
TOP: General Principles of Hormone Action
2. Explain how cAMP acts as a second messenger for certain nonsteroid hormones.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 562
TOP: Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action
3. How do the actions of prostaglandins differ from the actions of hormones?
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 567-568
TOP: Prostaglandins
4. Compare and contrast how the endocrine and nervous systems function to maintain
homeostasis of the internal environment.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: p. 556
TOP: Introduction
5. What are prostaglandins? From what substance are they made? Name two effects
prostaglandins have on the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: pp. 567-568
TOP: Prostaglandins
6. Explain the mechanism of steroid hormone action. What is the end product of a steroid
hormone?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
F:.C
pp. 5M61-562
NURSINGRTEB
O
TOP: Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action
7. Explain how a cell can upregulate or downregulate its response to the presence of a hormone.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 566
TOP: Regulation of Target Cell Sensitivity
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast steroid and nonsteroid hormones, and give an example of each.
ANS:
Answers may vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 558-559
TOP: Classification of Hormones
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The structure referred to historically as the master gland is the:
a. pituitary.
b. adrenals.
c. hypothalamus.
d. thyroid.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 576
2. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the basophils?
a. Prolactin
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
d. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
ANS: A
TOP: Prolactin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 576
3. The hormone most likely to cause a shift from glucose catabolism to fat catabolism is:
a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
b. TSH.
c. adrenocorticotropic hormN
one
UR(AC
SITH
NG).TB.COM
d. somatotropin.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 575
4. Gonadotrophs secrete:
a. GH.
b. LH and FSH.
c. TSH.
d. prolactin.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 581
5. Growth of the ovarian follicle occurs because of:
a. LH.
b. estrogen.
c. progesterone.
d. FSH.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
6. Prolactin affects:
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 576
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
the adrenal cortex.
body growth.
skin color.
milk secretion.
ANS: D
TOP: Prolactin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 579
7. The principal action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is stimulating the:
a. release of ACTH.
b. secretion of growth hormone.
c. release of TSH.
d. release of FSH and LH.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 577
8. The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the:
a. circulatory system.
b. hypophyseal portal system.
c. vascular system.
d. releasing-inhibiting connection.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 577
9. Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus to control the adenohypophysis?
a. Tropic hormones
NURSINGTB.COM
b. Releasing hormones
c. Melanocyte-stimulating hormones
d. Basophils
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 577
10. The hypothalamus produces:
a. somatotropin.
b. oxytocin.
c. lactogenic hormone.
d. melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
11. The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for:
a. ADH.
b. oxytocin.
c. prolactin.
d. both A and B.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 580
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
12. The principal thyroid hormone is:
a. tetraiodothyronine (T4 or thyroxine).
b. triiodothyronine (T3).
c. calcitonin.
d. PTH.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
REF: p. 583
13. Calcitonin:
a. decreases calcium storage in bones.
b. raises blood calcium levels.
c. has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
d. reveals thyroid functioning in the protein-bound iodine (PBI) test.
ANS: C
TOP: Calcitonin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 583
14. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating:
a. vitamin A.
b. vitamin C.
c. vitamin D.
d. iron.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
REF: p. 585
15. Which of the following depends on maintaining normal levels of calcium in the blood?
NURSINGTB.COM
a. Blood clotting
b. Cell membrane
c. Neuromuscular excitability
d. All of the above
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
REF: p. 585
16. The hormone that causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts is:
a. prolactin.
b. estrogen.
c. oxytocin.
d. progesterone.
ANS: C
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 580
17. An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of the:
a. thyroid gland.
b. parathyroid gland.
c. posterior pituitary.
d. thymus.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 583
NURSINGTB.COM
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
18. The first step in the renin-angiotensin mechanism is:
a. angiotensin II circulates to the adrenal cortex, stimulating the secretion of
aldosterone.
b. renin causes angiotensinogen to be converted to angiotensin I.
c. the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin into the blood in response to a fall in
the blood pressure within the kidney.
d. aldosterone causes increased reabsorption of sodium, which causes increased water
retention.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
19. Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?
a. Stress causes their release.
b. They cause an increase in the body’s defense mechanisms.
c. They stimulate gluconeogenesis.
d. They are hyperglycemic.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: pp. 588-589
20. The mineralocorticoids of the adrenal cortex regulate or influence
a. calcium and sodium
b. sodium and chloride
c. sodium, potassium, and hydrogen
d. hydrogen and oxygen
ANS: C
DIF:
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
balance.
REF: p. 587
21. Secretion of
is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood
potassium concentration.
a. aldosterone
b. cortisol
c. adrenal estrogens
d. norepinephrine
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
22. The adrenal medulla secretes:
a. ACTH.
b. cortisol.
c. epinephrine.
d. glucagon.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Medulla
REF: p. 590
23. The gland that serves in both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the:
a. pituitary.
b. pancreas.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. adrenal.
d. ovary.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pancreatic Islets
24.
REF: p. 590
Which of the following is a function of glucagon?
a. Promotes the entry of glucose into tissue cells
b. Tends to decrease blood glucose concentrations
c. Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations
d. Converts glucose into glycogen
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
25. Insulin:
a. tends to lower blood concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
b. promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells.
c. is produced by beta cells.
d. All of the above are true of insulin.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
26. Insulin and glucagon affect the body’s use of:
a. sodium.
b. potassium.
c. glucose.
NURSINGTB.COM
d. calcium.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
27. The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is:
a. progesterone.
b. estrogen.
c. LTH.
d. chorionic gonadotropin.
ANS: A
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 592
28. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the:
a. testes.
b. ovaries.
c. heart.
d. placenta.
ANS: D
TOP: Placenta
DIF: Memorization
29. Thymosin is a hormone that plays a role in:
a. the rate of metabolism.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 594
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
b. body growth.
c. immunity.
d. maintaining early pregnancy.
ANS: C
TOP: Thymus
30.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 594
Which of the following is true of T4?
a. It contains three atoms of iodine.
b. It binds more efficiently to target cell receptors than does T3.
c. It is a prohormone for T3.
d. All of the above are true of T4.
ANS: C
DIF: Application
REF: p. 583
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
31. Which is not part of the pituitary gland?
a. Sella turcica
b. Infundibulum
c. Adenohypophysis
d. Neurohypophysis
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
32. The type of cells that secrete ACTH are:
a. somatotrophs.
b. lactotrophs.
c. thyrotrophs.
NURSINGTB.COM
d. corticotrophs.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 575
33. High blood levels of ADH would be found in someone who has:
a. just eaten a meal high in sugar or other carbohydrates.
b. been working in high temperatures and is dehydrated.
c. a high level of calcium in the blood.
d. a low level of calcium in the blood.
ANS: B
DIF: Application
REF: p. 580
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
34. One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is:
a. ADH.
b. calcitonin.
c. oxytocin.
d. insulin.
ANS: C
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 580
35. The structure in the body that provides the “mind-body” link is the:
a. anterior pituitary gland.
b. hypothalamus.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
c. posterior pituitary gland.
d. pineal gland.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF: p. 579
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
36. Release of PTH in the body would cause a(n):
a. increase in blood calcium.
b. decrease in blood phosphate.
c. decrease in vitamin D production.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Application
REF: p. 585
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
37. Mineralocorticoids are released from which part of the adrenal gland?
a. Zona fasciculata
b. Zona reticularis
c. Zona glomerulosa
d. Adrenal medulla
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Cortex
REF: p. 587
38. High levels of hCG in the body would indicate:
a. the production of thyroid hormone needs to be increased.
b. there was too much calcium in the blood.
c. a pregnancy.
d. the glucose concentration of the blood was too low.
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 594
DIF: Application
TOP: Placenta
39. The target cells for ADH are found in the:
a. kidney.
b. muscles in the walls of arteries.
c. osteoblasts in the bone.
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
REF: p. 580
40. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?
a. Oxytocin
b. FSH
c. LH
d. Both B and C
ANS: A
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 580
41. Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland?
a. It is located on the dorsal aspect of the diencephalon.
b. Melatonin is stimulated by the presence of sunlight.
c. It produces melatonin.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
d. All of the above are true of the pineal gland.
ANS: B
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
42. Which of the following statements is not true of the thyroid gland?
a. It usually consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
b. It is located in the mediastinum in the chest.
c. It contains a protein-iodine complex called thyroglobulin.
d. All of the above are true of the thyroid gland.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Thyroid Gland
REF: p. 582
43. Glucocorticoids are released by which part of the adrenal glands?
a. Zona glomerulosa
b. Zona fasciculata
c. Zona reticularis
d. Both B and C
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Glands
REF: p. 587
44. Gonadocorticoids are released by which part of the adrenal gland?
a. Zona glomerulosa
b. Zona fasciculata
c. Zona reticularis
d. Adrenal medulla
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Glands
REF: p. 589
45. Which is not true of the hormone somatostatin?
a. It is produced by the delta cells of the pancreas.
b. It inhibits the secretion of glucagon.
c. It stimulates the secretion of insulin.
d. Both B and C are not true of the hormone somatostatin.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
46. Which is not true about the testes?
a. They are composed mainly of sperm-producing seminiferous tubules.
b. Interstitial cells produce testosterone.
c. Testosterone is regulated mostly by LH.
d. All of the above are true of the testes.
ANS: D
TOP: Testes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 592
47. Which hormone is used by some people to keep themselves youthful or to boost athletic
performance?
a. Prolactin (PRL)
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
c. Human growth hormone (hGH)
d. Oxytocin
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 576
48. The hormones that are produced by muscle tissue are called:
a. inhibins.
b. cytokines.
c. leptins.
d. myokines.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones
REF: p. 595
TRUE/FALSE
1. Growth hormone indirectly increases glucose metabolism.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 576
2. Tropic hormones tend to have a generalized effect on the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
NURSINGTB.COM
3. Most hormones released by the hypothalamus enter the hypophyseal portal system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 577
4. FSH and LH are called gonadotropins because they stimulate the growth and maintenance of
the gonads.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
5. Under stress conditions, the hypothalamus is a “go between,” linking the cerebrum and the
pituitary.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 578
6. Specific chemical-releasing factors made in the adenohypophysis are responsible for the
release of ADH and oxytocin into the blood.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
7. The neurohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
8. When the amount of ADH increases, the body tries to get rid of excess fluid and the volume
of urine increases.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
REF: p. 580
9. The pineal gland functions to support the body’s biological clock.
ANS: T
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
10. A major function of the pineal gland is the development of the lymphatic system.
ANS: F
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
11. The thyroid gland is the only endocrine organ that stores its hormones in another form for
later release.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
REF: p. 583
12. Thyroid hormone stimulates growth and tissue differentiation.
ANS: T
DIF:
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
N R I GTB.COM
UoriS
Mem
zatioN
n
REF: p. 583
13. Calcitonin is a hypercalcemic hormone.
ANS: F
TOP: Calcitonin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 583
14. Calcitonin decreases calcium storage in bones, thereby raising blood calcium levels.
ANS: F
TOP: Calcitonin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 583
15. Unlike thyroid hormone, calcitonin is said to have a “general” target.
ANS: F
TOP: Calcitonin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 583
16. An excess of parathyroid hormone can cause increased ossification of bone tissue.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
17. The center of the adrenal gland is the cortex.
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: pp. 585-586
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Adrenal Glands
REF: p. 586
18. Parathyroid hormone causes the kidney to retain calcium and excrete phosphate.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
REF: p. 585
19. Hypercalcemia may be a cause of muscle spasms.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
REF: pp. 585-586
20. Sex hormones are produced by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Adrenal Glands | Gonads
REF: p. 587 | p. 592
21. Aldosterone influences the kidney tubules to retain sodium and potassium ions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
22. The major mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
NURSINGTB.COM
23. Some of the effects of aldosterone are water retention and increased blood pressure.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
24. Aldosterone secretion is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and by the
blood potassium concentration.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 587
25. Glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining a normal blood pressure.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 588
26. The renin-angiotensin mechanism is a negative-feedback mechanism that helps maintain
homeostasis of blood pressure.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: p. 588
27. Cortisone is the only glucocorticoid that is secreted in significant quantities.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 588
28. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine can bind to sympathetic effectors to prolong and
enhance the effects of the autonomic nervous system.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Medulla
REF: p. 590
29. Norepinephrine accounts for about 80% of adrenal medulla secretions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Medulla
REF: p. 590
30. The tissue of the pancreas is made up of both endocrine and exocrine tissues.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pancreatic Islets
REF: p. 590
31. Insulin and glucagon exert antagonistic effects on blood levels of glucose.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
32. Diabetics produce an excessive amount of insulin.
ANS: F
DIF:
TOP: Diabetes Mellitus
B.C M
U S N T
O
MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG
REF: p. 591
33. Glucagon is secreted by the beta cells in the pancreatic islets.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
34. Insulin lowers blood concentrations of glucose.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
35. Glucagon, produced by alpha cells, tends to promote the movement of glucose, amino acids,
and fatty acids out of the blood and into tissue cells.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
36. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Diabetes Mellitus
REF: p. 591
37. Female sex hormones are collectively referred to as androgens.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
TOP: Testes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 592
38. Secretin plays a regulatory role in the digestive process.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Gastric and Intestinal Mucosa
REF: p. 594
39. The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk termed the pars intermedia.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
40. The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is termed the hepatic
portal system.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 577
41. Hypersecretion of prolactin can cause impotence in men.
ANS: T
TOP: Prolactin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 576
42. Psychosomatic relationships between human body systems and the brain have been proven
not to exist.
N R I G B.C M
UoriS
O
ANS: F
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n T
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 579
43. T3 is the thyroid hormone released in greatest quantity.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
REF: p. 583
44. The two lobes of the thyroid are connected by the infundibulum.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Thyroid Gland
REF: p. 582
45. PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating vitamin D.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
REF: p. 585
46. Calcitonin acts to increase blood calcium levels.
ANS: T
TOP: Calcitonin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 583
47. The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thymus gland.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Parathyroid Glands
REF: p. 584
48. The thyroid functions to support the body’s biological clock.
ANS: F
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
49. Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Medulla
REF: p. 590
50. The renin-angiotensin mechanism is a negative-feedback mechanism that helps maintain
homeostasis of blood calcium levels.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
REF: pp. 587-588
51. Ghrelin functions to reduce appetite and prevent an increase in blood glucose level.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
52. Somatostatin has the primary role of inhibiting the secretion of adrenal hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: MN
emoR
rizaI
tionG B.C M
U S N T
O
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
REF: p. 591
53. The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is LH.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
54. Testosterone is produced by the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
ANS: F
TOP: Testes
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 592
55. The hormone that can be detected during the early part of a woman’s pregnancy with an
over-the-counter kit is hCG.
ANS: T
TOP: Placenta
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 594
56. The thymus gland is smallest in children and reaches its maximum functional size in late
adulthood.
ANS: F
TOP: Thymus
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 594
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
57. The pituitary gland fits in the pituitary fossa in a structure called the sella turcica.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
58. The posterior pituitary gland is not composed of glandular tissue.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
59. Cells of the adenohypophysis can be classified as to their reaction to certain types of stain or
their type of tissue (glandular or neurosecretory).
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
60. Both functions of oxytocin are regulated by a positive-feedback loop.
ANS: T
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 580
61. One difference between T3 and T4 is the number of iodine atoms attached to the molecule.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 583
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
62. Calcitonin inhibits the functioning of osteoblasts.
ANS: F
DIF:
AN
pplicRatioI
n
F:.p.C 58M3
GREB
U S N T
O
TOP: Calcitonin
63. Growth hormone and insulin are synergistic hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF: p. 575
TOP: Growth Hormone
64. Growth hormone and insulin are antagonistic hormones.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF: p. 575
TOP: Growth Hormone
65. Because the target organs of FSH and LH are organs of the female reproductive system, males
do not produce them.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
66. The heart produces a hormone that promotes sodium loss.
ANS: T
TOP: Heart
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 594
67. The corticotrophic cells of the adenohypophysis secrete growth hormone.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adenohypophysis (Anterior Lobe of Pituitary)
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 575
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
68. LH is an example of a tropic hormone.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
69. Because growth hormone is always needed in the body to maintain muscle mass, it is released
at a constant rate by the pituitary gland.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
REF: p. 578
70. Adipose tissue contributes to the functioning of the endocrine system by producing a hormone
called leptin, which plays a role in energy balance.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones
REF: p. 595
71. The anterior pituitary develops from the upward projection of the pharynx.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
72. The anterior pituitary develops from the downward projection of the brain.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
N R I G B.C M
73. The adenohypophysis is divideU
d inS
to tN
wo T
parts, thO
e pars anterior and the pars posterior.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
REF: p. 574
74. Growth hormone is also called somatotropin.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 575
75. Growth hormone is also called insulin-like growth factor.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 575
76. Growth hormone increases protein anabolism in cells.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
REF: p. 575
77. Growth hormone has a hyperglycemic effect.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 576
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
78. Prolactin is produced by the acidophils in the pars anterior.
ANS: T
TOP: Prolactin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 576
79. The function of prolactin is to stimulate the secretion of milk.
ANS: T
TOP: Prolactin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 576
80. Tropic hormones are secreted by the acidophils of the pars anterior.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
81. ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to produce and secrete its hormones.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
REF: p. 577
82. Cells in the neurohypophysis make two hormones: ADH and oxytocin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
83. The release of ADH and oxytocin is controlled by nervous stimulation.
N R I G B.C M
UoriS
O
ANS: T
DIF: Mem
zatioN
n T
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
84. Hormones of the neurohypophysis are actually made by cells of the supraoptic or sella turcica
nuclei.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Neurohypophysis (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary)
REF: p. 580
85. Besides the cells of the kidney, target cells of ADH include muscle cells of the walls of the
arteries.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
REF: p. 580
86. Oxytocin plays an important role in both birth and milk production.
ANS: T
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 580
87. Men do not produce oxytocin.
ANS: F
TOP: Oxytocin
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 581
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
88. The pineal gland is part of two systems, the endocrine system and the nervous system.
ANS: T
TOP: Pineal Gland
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
89. The thyroid hormone T3 is more potent than T4, but less of it is produced.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Thyroid Hormones
REF: p. 583
90. Going from superficial to deep, the layers of the adrenal cortex are zona glomerulosa, zona
reticularis, and zona fasciculata.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Cortex
REF: p. 587
91. Glucocorticoids stimulate the conversion of protein to sugar.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 588
92. Glucocorticoids have a hypoglycemic effect on blood sugar.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 588
93. High concentrations of glucoN
cortR
icoiI
ds cGausB
e.
anCincM
rease in white blood cells.
U S N T
O
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 588
94. The adrenal medulla functions as postganglionic sympathetic neurons. They are even
stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Adrenal Medulla
REF: p. 590
95. The endocrine cells of the pancreas make up about 15% of the pancreas.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Pancreatic Islets
REF: pp. 590-591
96. Most of the pancreatic islets cells are alpha cells that produce insulin.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Structure of Pancreatic Islets
REF: p. 591
97. The two major female hormones produced by the ovaries are estrogen and progesterone.
ANS: T
TOP: Ovaries
DIF: Memorization
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 592
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
98. The thymus plays an important role in the development of T cells.
ANS: T
TOP: Thymus
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 594
MATCHING
Match each hormone with its corresponding description.
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
c. Follicle-stimulating hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
e. Lactogenic hormone
f. Progesterone
g. Somatotropin
h. Oxytocin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Secreted by the corpus luteum
Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Promotes growth
Stimulates testosterone production in males
Stimulates development of ovarian follicle
Causes water retention
Causes muscle contraction of the uterus
Also known as prolactin
NURSINGTB.COM
1. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Ovaries
2. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
3. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Growth Hormone
4. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
5. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Tropic Hormones
6. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
7. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Oxytocin
8. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Prolactin
REF: p. 592
REF: p. 577
REF: p. 575
REF: p. 577
REF: p. 577
REF: p. 580
REF: p. 580
REF: p. 576
Match each hormone with its structure, function, or the gland that produces it.
a. Thyroid hormone
b. Insulin
c. Human chorionic gonadotropin
d. Aldosterone
e. Calcitonin
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
f. Glucagon
g. Cortisol
h. Parathyroid hormone
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Calcium-regulating hormone that is made in the thyroid gland
The only important mineralocorticoid hormone in humans
Hormone that is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas
Hormone that regulates metabolism rate, processes of cell growth, and tissue differentiation
Hormone that causes an increase in blood calcium levels
Hormone that lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood
Hormone that is made by a fetal tissue component of the placenta
Hormone that is a chief glucocorticoid released by the adrenal gland
9. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Calcitonin
10. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
DIF: Memorization
11. ANS: F
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
DIF: Memorization
12. ANS: A
TOP: Thyroid Hormone
DIF: Memorization
13. ANS: H
TOP: Parathyroid Hormone
DIF: Memorization
14. ANS: B
TOP: Pancreatic Hormone
15. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Placenta
NURSINGTB.COM
16. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization
TOP: Glucocorticoids
REF: p. 583
REF: p. 587
REF: p. 591
REF: p. 583
REF: p. 585
REF: p. 591
REF: p. 594
REF: p. 588
SHORT ANSWER
1. The anterior and posterior divisions of the pituitary develop from different embryonic
structures. Identify the embryonic part from which each is derived.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 574
TOP: Structure of the Pituitary Gland
2. Briefly summarize how growth hormone affects metabolism.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 575-576
TOP: Growth Hormone
3. Explain the negative-feedback principle for controlling anterior pituitary tropic hormone
production. Give an example in your explanation.
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 578
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
4. What role does the hypophyseal portal system play in the control of secretions in the
adenohypophysis?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 578-579
TOP: Control of Secretions in the Adenohypophysis
5. Identify the principal actions of the hormones of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: p. 582 | p. 584
TOP: Thyroid Gland | Parathyroid Gland
6. Explain how the renin-angiotensin mechanism operates to maintain blood pressure.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: pp. 587-588
TOP: Mineralocorticoids
NURSINGTB.COM
7. What is the effect of glucagon on blood sugar level?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 591
TOP: Pancreatic Hormones
8. Explain the negative-feedback loop of ADH that helps maintain water balance in the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
REF: p. 580
TOP: Antidiuretic Hormone
9. List and briefly describe the tropic hormones produced by the pituitary gland. What is a tropic
hormone?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 577
TOP: Tropic Hormones
10. Where is the pineal gland, and what hormone does it produce? What is the effect of this
hormone?
NURSINGTB.COM
Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 581
TOP: Pineal Gland
11. What are the three regions of the adrenal cortex, and what types of hormones are produced by
each region?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 587
TOP: Adrenal Cortex
12. Explain why it is equally likely that males and females can produce hCG.
ANS:
It is fetal tissue hormone; either sex can make it.
DIF: Memorization
REF: p. 594
TOP: Placenta
ESSAY
1. Nancy had an annual physical last week, and her urine indicated a high level of chorionic
gonadotropin. What does this mean for Nancy?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application
NURSINGTB.COM
REF: p. 593
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
2. Select a hormone that would cause a problem for the body if it were hyposecreted or
hypersecreted. Name and describe the conditions caused by both hyposecretion and
hypersecretion of that hormone.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis
REF: pp. 596-597
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
NURSINGTB.COM