Number:
UT-PTP9
ISQ Oil & Gas Steering Committee
Revision:
05
ISQ O&G-UTPA ASME Weld Quality Examination
Date:
12/12/2024
1.
Purpose
1.1
2.
3.
This procedure provides instructions for candidates performing ultrasonic testing
phased array (UTPA) shear wave weld quality examinations for detection and
characterization of common weld and base material fabrication discontinuities. This
procedure is to be used exclusively for the ASNT Certification Services LLC (ASNT CS)
ISQ O&G-UTPA weld quality exam, referred to as ISQ O&G-UTPA exam throughout
this document.
Scope
2.1
This procedure describes the method for performing manual (nonencoded and
semiautomated encoded), contact, phased array pulse-echo shear wave ultrasonic
weld examinations on carbon steel test samples as well as 0-degree longitudinal
ultrasonic base material examinations for the ISQ O&G-UTPA exam. This procedure is
not applicable for use outside of ASNT CS.
2.2
This procedure is only applicable to carbon steel samples in the material thickness
range of 0.250 to 1.500 in. (6.35 to 38.10 mm).
References
Unless otherwise specified, the latest edition of the referenced documents are applicable.
3.1
QP-ISQ-2 Industry Sector Qualification Oil & Gas Program
3.2
Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A: Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3.3
O&G-UTPA-4 Ultrasonic Phased Array Pressure Equipment Weld
Examination Protocol
3.4
O&G-UTPA-5 Exam Sample Scanning Instructions
3.5
O&G UTPA-6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 Exam Report Forms
3.6
O&G-UTPA-7 AEP Instructions
3.7
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section V: Nondestructive
Examination, Article 4, Ultrasonic Examination Method for Welds
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ASNT Certification Services LLC. All rights reserved.
Revised: 12/12/2024
4.
5.
Acronyms
4.1
AEP: Authorized Examination Proctor
4.2
AGC: Automatic Gain Control
4.3
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
4.4
ASNT: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
4.5
ASTM: ASTM International
4.6
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
4.7
DAC: Distance Amplitude Curve
4.8
FSH: Full-screen Height
4.9
ID: Inside Diameter, also considered the opposite surface from the scanning
surface for purposes of this ISQO&GUTPA exam
4.10
ISQ – Industry Sector Qualification
4.11
IIW – International Institute of Welding
4.12
NDT – Nondestructive Testing
4.13
OD – Outside Diameter, also considered the scanning surface for purposes
of this ISQ O&G-UTPA exam
4.14
O&G – Oil & Gas
4.15
TCG – Time-corrected Gain
4.16
UTPA – Ultrasonic Testing Phased Array
Definitions
5.1
Certification Management Committee (CMC): This ASNT CS committee has
the overall responsibility for developing and maintaining the technical content
of all ASNT CS certification programs and shall have the sole responsibility
for the determination of certification outcomes in those programs.
5.2
Industry Sector Qualification (ISQ): A qualification program in which practical
demonstration examinations are administered to an NDT examiner for a specific NDT
technique applicable to a given industry sector, to assess competency in performing
examinations. The ISQ shall be awarded upon successful passing of the examination.
5.3
ASNT CS Certification Department: This department is responsible for the
administration and facilitation of ASNT CS certification programs in accordance
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with procedures developed by the ASNT CS CMC.
6.
7.
5.4
ISQ Steering Subcommittee: The group of O&G owner/operator subject matter
experts responsible for the development and maintenance of the ISQ program. The
committee fairly and equitably represents the interests of all parties significantly
concerned with the ISQ O&G scheme without any particular interest predominating.
The parent committee is the ASNT CS CMC.
5.5
Test Sample: A sample of a product form containing known discontinuities used in
practical examinations.
Responsibilities
6.1
The examination sample scanning instructions O&G-UTPA-5 and this examination
procedure UT-PTP9, shall be read and understood by the candidate before applying for
the ISQ O&G-UTPA exam. The candidate shall be expected to follow the UTPA
examination instructions and the UTPA examination procedure during the
examination. Failure to do so may cause a failure on the exam.
6.2
ISQ-O&G UTPA candidates are responsible for bringing and using their own
equipment, including manual and semiautomated UTPA equipment, transducers,
cables, standardization blocks and reference standards, couplant, and rags. The
candidate is responsible for referring to this procedure and selecting the proper
equipment for use during their ISQ O&G-UTPA exam.
6.3
The candidate shall perform phased array and 0-degree longitudinal wave ultrasonic
testing (UT) on the ISQ O&G-UTPA test samples assigned to them during their exam.
The test samples may or may not contain manufactured discontinuities.
6.4
The candidate shall complete their ISQ O&G-UTPA examination and the associated
reporting in compliance with ISQ O&G-UTPA-5 examination-sample scanning
instructions.
6.5
The ISQ Steering Subcommittee and CMC are responsible for this ISQ O&G-UTPA
procedure, and any revisions required for this procedure.
Equipment
7.1
Ultrasonic Instruments
7.1.1
A candidate shall use an ultrasonic testing phased array (UTPA) instrument
capable of performing both nonencoded and encoded examinations. A
candidate should take the ISQ O&G-UTPA exam with the instrument they
normally use on a regular basis during their work duties.
7.1.1.1
7.1.2
UT-PTP9 Rev. 05
For instruments with additional full matrix capture (FMC), total
focusing method (TFM), or phased coherence imaging (PCI)
functions, these functions shall be switched off and only the
conventional phased array functions shall be utilized during the
exam.
UTPA instruments should be capable of generating frequencies within the
range of 1 to 10 MHz, with 5 to 10 MHz being the typical range of frequency
for use with this procedure.
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7.1.3
UT instruments used for this procedure should have been calibrated within
the last year for vertical and horizontal linearity.
7.1.4
A candidate shall use an Ultrasonic Thickness Meter with an A-scan
presentation, an Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, or a Phased Array instrument for
0-degree longitudinal ultrasonic examination of base material. Digital or
Analog Instruments may be used. A candidate should take the ISQ exams
with the instrument they normally use on a regular basis during their work
duties. Ultrasonic instruments with no A-scan presentation will not be
allowed for use on the ISQ exams, e.g., digital gauges with only a numeric
readout.
7.1.4.1
7.2
7.3
For instruments with additional B-scan and/or C-scan functions,
these functions shall be switched off and only the A-scan function
shall be utilized during the base material examinations.
Encoding equipment
7.2.1
Any semiautomated scanner that can mechanically maintain an index of the
search unit and maintain the search-unit offset position, while still being
propelled manually by the operator and providing encoded position data, may
be used on this examination for plate sample scanning.
7.2.2
Alternatively, a simple assembly with a wheel-type or string-type encoder,
with supporting fixed guide, may be used to obtain a fixed index position.
7.2.3
Equipment that can facilitate data collection from both sides of the weld
simultaneously may be used.
Transducers and wedges
7.3.1
Any UTPA transducers applicable to weld-discontinuity detection,
characterization, and applicable sizing are acceptable for use with this
procedure. UTPA 0-degree longitudinal transducers may also be used for base
material examination but are not required.
7.3.2
UTPA transducers having 16 to 64 elements should be used with this
procedure.
7.3.3
Wedges used in the UTPA examination should be compatible with selected
UTPA transducers and can be integral or nonintegral and produce necessary
angles in the shear wave mode. No refracted longitudinal waves shall be used
on this exam.
7.3.4
For base material scanning with conventional 0-degree UT; any single- or
dual-element longitudinal wave transducers applicable to base material
discontinuity detection, characterization, and sizing are acceptable for use
with this procedure. Longitudinal wave transducers with element sizes from
0.125 in. (3.175 mm) to 0.750 in. (19.05 mm), round or square in shape,
should be used with this procedure.
7.3.5
The selection of UT transducer frequency, type, and diameter will depend on
the test sample thickness and weld configuration.
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7.3.5.1
In general, the probe frequencies utilized should be from 5 to 10
MHz for this exam. For thicker test samples, a lower frequency
may provide a better signal-to-noise ratio. The table below
provides frequency recommendations based on thickness;
however, adequate results may be achieved outside of these
ranges.
Recommended Frequency Ranges
Material Thickness
1/4 in. (6.35 mm) to <3/4 in. (19.05 mm)
>3/4 in. (19.05 mm) to <1 1/2 in. (38.1 mm)
7.4
7.5
Frequency (MHz)
5.0 to 10.0
4.0 to 5.0
7.3.5.2
Consideration for test sample curvature should be given when
selecting transducers and wedges for examination. UTPA
transducers and wedges that will sit on curved surfaces to
minimize errors due to transducer rocking should be selected.
Curved exam samples shall not be less than ANSI 6 in. OD pipe
sections per UTPA-4.
7.3.5.3
UTPA transducers with an associated wedges are referred to as
“probes” throughout the rest of this document.
Couplant
7.4.1
A suitable couplant designed for use in UT should be used for the exam. The
couplant shall be of a type that can be easily removed from samples by wiping
a rag across the surface.
7.4.2
The same couplant that is used for equipment standardization (calibration)
should be used for examination.
7.4.3
All couplant shall be cleaned off samples before being returned to the sample
holding area.
Reference Standards
7.5.1
A suitable block should be used to standardize (calibrate) for the delay and
focal laws (time range) to be used for inspection. Suitable blocks should
include a NAVSHIP phased array reference block, Phased Array Calibration
Standard (PACS) block or other blocks containing side-drilled holes (SDHs) to
establish standardization.
7.5.2
Reference standards in accordance with ASME BPVC, Section V: Article 4, T434.2.1 for flat plates and T-434.3-1 for piping welds should be used for
sensitivity standardization (calibration).
7.5.3
Reference standards should have similar acoustic properties as the low-alloy
carbon-steel test samples.
7.5.4
Reference standards used for plate samples should contain SDHs to create
distance amplitude curves DACs according to ASME BPVC, Section V: Article
4, paragraph 434.2 and/or establish applicable reference sensitivity.
7.5.5
Reference standards used for pipe samples should contain notches to
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establish applicable reference sensitivity according to ASME BPVC, Section V:
Article 4, paragraph 434.3.
7.5.6
Alternative reference standards for pipes in accordance with ASME BPVC,
Section V: Article 4, paragraph 434.3-2 containing notches and SDHs can also
be utilized.
7.5.7
Reference standards used for base material examination should contain flat,
parallel surfaces. They should have thin and thick sections that fully cover the
range of specimen thickness to be inspected. Multiple reference standards
might be required to cover the full range of specimen thickness included in
this exam.
7.5.7.1
8.
Samples
8.1
9.
Reference standards should be certified with known thickness
values.
Test samples in the ISQ O&G-UTPA exam shall have the following characteristics.
8.1.1
They shall be low-alloy carbon steel.
8.1.2
The thickness range of UTPA test samples shall be from 0.250 to 1.500 in.
(6.35 to 38.10 mm). Sample thicknesses provided are nominal values, actual
sample thickness should be verified with 0-degree UT. This may be
accomplished with a phased array transducer or with a separate digital
thickness gauge or UT scope with a 0-degree transducer. Verifying the
thickness of the sample material and examining the base material is the only
allowed use of a digital thickness gauge or UT scope on this exam.
8.1.3
Test samples shall be of either flat plate or curved section product form.
Curved exam samples shall not be less than ANSI 6 in. OD pipe sections.
8.1.4
Test samples shall be free of coating.
8.1.5
Test samples shall contain either single-V or double-V weld configurations.
8.1.5.1
All pipe section samples should contain single-V weld
configurations.
8.1.5.2
Plate samples <1 in. (25.40 mm) in thickness should contain
single-V weld configurations.
8.1.5.3
Plate samples >1 in. (25.40 mm) in thickness should contain
double-V weld configurations.
Standardization
9.1
The UT instrument should be standardized (often referred to as calibrated or
technique calibration) for horizontal linearity (sound path or depth) and vertical
linearity (sensitivity) with the use of the reference standards detailed in paragraph 7.5.
9.2
The UT instrument standardization should be performed prior to examination and
should be verified upon exam completion.
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9.3
9.4
The candidate should also check standardization at any time during the examination
when one of the following conditions occurs.
9.3.1
Any equipment component is changed: transducer, cable, wedge, or battery,
etc.
9.3.2
The candidate doubts the accuracy of their standardization.
For base material examination, the horizontal linearity should be standardized by use
of a step wedge. At least two different thicknesses should be utilized to ensure
accurate linearity over the sound path range to be used for the material thickness
range on this exam.
9.4.1
Screen range should be selected to ensure full view of the sound path required
to provide full coverage of the material thickness of the sample being
examined.
9.4.2
The Sensitivity setting shall be determined by placing the first back-wall
reflection at 80% FSH and adding 6 dB. This setting shall be used for
discontinuity detection and evaluation.
9.4.3
Alternatively, a UT instrument with AGC may be used for base material
scanning. The candidate should verify they are observing a back-wall signal of
between 80% to 100% FSH when using AGC.
9.5
For UTPA examination, scan plans are utilized to establish beam coverage and zones
for the weld inspection. Typical scan plans have been provided in Appendix B for
typical UTPA probes such as 5L16 (16 element).
9.6
Typical weld joint details and dimensions are provided on the report forms to assist in
creation of the scan plans.
9.7
Once probe selection and scan plans and/or coverage expectations have been
established, the following process is provided for reference.
9.7.1
Wedge delay
9.7.1.1
9.7.1.2
9.7.1.3
9.7.2
Follow the instrument instructions for instruments that use a
wedge mapping function to establish the sound delay of ultrasonic
energy traveling through the wedge.
TCG and/DAC
9.7.2.1
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Using the same or similar blocks identified in paragraph 7.5,
position probe to observe a response from a reflector of known
thickness, target depth, or curved face radius and set gates to
bracket the indications.
Move the probe back and forth to calibrate wedge delay.
TCG/DAC standardization shall be based on a minimum of threepoints to cover the applicable sound path for the thickness range
needed for examination using SDHs.
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9.7.2.2
9.7.3
9.8
10.
See paragraph 7.5 for applicable reference standards.
Sensitivity standardization
9.7.3.1
For sectorial scans, use the cut refracted-angle of the wedge (e.g.,
55° on an N55S wedge).
9.7.3.2
For linear scans use the angle utilized in the focal law setup.
9.7.3.3
Using the specified ASME sensitivity block, flat or curved as
appropriate, obtain indications from the reflectors and set gates to
bracket the indications.
9.7.3.4
Set primary reference sensitivity at 80% amplitude response on
the appropriate reflector.
9.7.3.5
Repeat the prior steps as necessary for remaining reflectors to
cover 1T for half-skip exam coverage and 2T for full-skip exam
coverage.
The temperature differential between the reference standard and the examination
surface should be within +25 °F (14 °C).
Examination
10.1 General scan information
10.1.1 Sample surface condition.
10.2
10.1.1.1
Prior to examination, the test samples should be visually
examined in the area to be contacted by the transducer. This is to
ensure the scanning surface is free of couplant residue, loose
paint, dirt, mill scale, machining or grinding particles, or other
loose foreign matter that would impair the free movement of the
probe or affect the accuracy of the examination results.
10.1.1.2
No transfer correction is required on the ISQ O&G-UTPA exam.
Base material scan
10.2.1 Place the longitudinal search unit on the test sample and scan 100% of the
base material in the scan path area that will be utilized for the phased array
examination.
10.2.2 Any indications above the evaluation threshold of 20% of FSH should be
interrogated to determine the nature of the indication.
10.2.3 Any indication that has a signal response that is >20% of FSH, is
greater than 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) in diameter and characterized as one
of the following discontinuity types, shall be reported on the exam
report form.
10.2.3.1
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Base-material wall loss from general corrosion, pitting, or erosion.
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10.2.3.2
Base-material mid-wall laminations or inclusions.
10.2.4 For base-material discontinuities that have multiple pits, laminations, or
inclusions, they shall be reported as one (1) discontinuity as long as the
distance between any two (2) adjacent individual reflectors is less than 2 in.
(50 mm).
10.3
Weld and HAZ Scan
10.3.1 For nonencoded examinations (manual UTPA), place probe on test sample and
scan in a raster pattern to cover the entire region of weld and heat-affected
zone (HAZ) on both sides of the weld; upstream and downstream.
10.3.1.1
The raster scanning pattern may be back and forth perpendicular
to the welds and shift along the weld or moving the probe parallel
to the weld axis and step in the direction perpendicular to the
weld. There should be at least 10% overlap between each raster
scan to increase the probability of detection.
10.3.1.2
On plate samples, a nonencoded transverse discontinuity scan
should also be performed parallel to the weld axis along both sides
of the weld and should cover both the near (OD) and far (ID)
surfaces.
10.3.1.3
Scanning speed should not exceed 6 in. (152.40 mm) per second.
10.3.2 For encoded examinations (data stored for analysis), place the probe on the
test sample and perform a series of examinations, such as those detailed in
the example scan plans in Appendix B, to cover the entire region of weld and
HAZ on both sides of the weld; upstream and downstream. The amount of
parent material included in the scan plan(s), adjacent to the welds, shall be
equal to the sample thickness or 1 in., whichever is less.
10.3.2.1
The line scanning pattern may be used to provide full coverage
and data collection for the applicable weld.
10.3.2.2
Multiple scans may be required.
10.3.2.3
Data shall be temporarily stored for subsequent data analysis per
examination instructions and/or as guided by the AEP.
10.3.2.4
Scan data shall start at the 0-datum scribe line on the plate
samples and extend to a length of 18 in. (457.20 mm).
10.3.2.5
Encoder calibration should be verified before data collection. This
may be accomplished using the masking tape provided and a flat
plate sample by marking out the maximum scanning distance to
be used.
10.3.3 Scanning may be performed with an additional +6 dB above reference level
sensitivity (DAC) to detect small discontinuities; however, all evaluations
should be carried out at reference level sensitivity. If a higher dB gain
setting—other than the established reference sensitivity level from the ASME
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reference standards—is used to evaluate discontinuities, it could lead to false
calls where no reportable discontinuities exist.
10.3.4 Any indications above the evaluation threshold of 20% of the reference
sensitivity (DAC) should be interrogated to determine the nature of the
indication.
10.3.5 Any indication that has a signal response that is >20% of the reference
sensitivity and characterized as one of the following discontinuity types,
shall be reported on the exam report form.
10.3.5.1
Weld toe crack
10.3.5.2
Root crack on ID
10.3.5.3
HAZ crack
10.3.5.4
Transverse crack
10.3.5.5
Lack of sidewall fusion
10.3.5.6
Sidewall crack
10.3.5.7
Lack of root fusion
10.3.5.8
Incomplete penetration
10.3.5.9
Centerline crack
10.3.5.10
Slag inclusion
10.3.5.11
Porosity
10.3.5.12
Base material wall loss from general corrosion, pitting, or erosion
10.3.5.13
Base material mid-wall laminations or inclusions
10.3.6 Appendix A provides supplemental information on discontinuity evaluation
guidance to help candidates with detection and characterization
interpretation.
10.3.7 For all indications determined to be discontinuities during evaluation,
measure and record the following: discontinuity type, discontinuity
start position from datum, weld discontinuity length, base material
discontinuity depth, and cross-sectional location (zone) in the weld or
base material according to the upstream and downstream weld sides.
Discontinuity height is also required for encoded scans on plates and
not required for manual scans on pipes.
10.3.7.1
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The 6 dB drop sizing method should be used to determine the
start position and length of discontinuities.
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10.3.7.2
The upstream and downstream side of the welds are identified on
the report forms.
10.3.7.3
The weld and base material zones are identified on the report
forms.
10.3.8 Use the examination report forms and sketch note sheet provided by the AEP
to record notations during the exam. Transfer recorded notes/answers from
the sketch note sheet to the report forms, O&G UTPA-6.1 through 6.4, also
provided by the AEP, for final data recording during the exam.
10.3.9 Clean all residual couplant from test samples before returning them to the
holding area and retrieving any subsequent samples.
11.
Reporting
11.1
All indications determined to be actual discontinuities >20% of the primary reference
level shall be reported and interrogated to determine their classification, location, and
position. All discontinuities shall be reported on the UTPA report forms provided by
the AEP.
11.2
During the exam, the report forms provided by the AEP shall be used for recording
examination results. The following details shall be recorded for each test sample.
11.2.1 When numbering discontinuities, begin with the discontinuity closest to the
datum and continue numbering discontinuities sequentially based on their
increasing distance from the datum.
11.2.2 The discontinuity start position shall be reported in the “distance from datum”
data entry location.
11.2.3 The weld discontinuity length shall be reported in the “length” data entry
location. Length is not required for base material discontinuities.
11.2.4 The base material discontinuity depth shall be reported in the “depth” data
entry location. The minimum remaining material thickness from the scanning surface
for wall loss, or the depth of the closest lamination to the scanning surface, shall be
reported.
11.2.5 The discontinuity type determined shall be recorded in the “classification”
data entry location.
11.2.6 The discontinuity cross-sectional location shall be recorded in the “zone” data
entry location. The zone maps and descriptions are provided on the report
forms. Only one (1) zone may be chosen. Select the zone where the signal
response is at its greatest strength.
11.2.7 The discontinuity height shall be reported in the “height” data entry location
for encoded data. Height is not required for base material discontinuities.
11.3
After examination completion the candidate shall follow the instructions provided in
O&G-UTPA-5 Exam Samples Scanning Instructions for report completion and
submission.
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12.
Revision
01
02
03
04
05
Revision History
Date
10/29/2022
04/27/2023
07/25/2023
10/10/2024
12/12/2024
UT-PTP9 Rev. 05
Summary of Changes
Original Document Draft
Editorial Changes
Revisions from Beta Test
Technical Changes
Revisions from Beta Test
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Appendix A: Exam Discontinuity Evaluation Guidance
A.1
Candidates should verify the accuracy of sectorial scan positions to clearly understand the
location of reflectors, this will aid in the interpretation of discontinuities.
A.2
Candidates should evaluate indications with multiple angles whenever possible. Weld caps
can physically restrict access, making it difficult to reach certain areas of the weld. This can
support signal evaluation with the optimal angle by verifying which probe provides the
greatest indication coverage and amplitude response.
A.3
Candidates should verify indications from both sides of the weld whenever possible. Weld
caps can physically restrict access, making it difficult to reach some or areas of the weld.
This can assist with differentiating geometry reflectors from weld discontinuities.
A.4
Candidates need to carefully identify signals generated from weld discontinuities as opposed
to geometric reflectors such as root-generated responses from single-V welds and weldcrown-generated responses from single-V and double-V welds.
A.5
Candidates should take care in differentiating planar discontinuities from volumetric
discontinuities:
A.5.1 Planar discontinuities are the group of discontinuities that have a primary-orientationreflecting surface. The discontinuities in this category are linear cracks, lack of
penetration, and lack of fusion. These types of discontinuities typically have a strong
dependence of returning signal amplitude as a function of angle between the incident
wave and the reflected wave. When the discontinuity-primary-reflecting surface is
perpendicular to the incident wave, the return signal is strongest, and when the probe
angle is changed, the signal amplitude becomes much smaller or larger. Therefore, a
considerable change in amplitude response can be typically observed when evaluating
a planar indication from one angle probe to another.
A.5.2 Volumetric discontinuities are porosity clusters and slag inclusions. The returned
signal amplitude from these discontinuities does not change as drastically as planar
discontinuities when the sound beam is incidental from a different angle. Therefore, a
similar amplitude response can be typically observed when evaluating a volumetric
discontinuity with one angle probe to another.
A.7
The 6 dB drop method should be used for discontinuity length measurement on this ISQO&G UTPA exam. The distance to datum is measured by comparing the discontinuity start
position to the 0-datum point at the plate edge or at the 0-datum reference mark on the pipe
sample as per the drawing on the associated report form.
A.8
Height sizing is generally required to establish aspect ratio between the length and height
when using fracture mechanics-based acceptance criteria. Accordingly, through-wall height
should be determined using the following:
•
Height sizing is best determined by identifying the “top” and “bottom” or extreme
boundaries of the discontinuity in the through-wall dimension, e.g., tip diffraction.
•
When the above is ineffective, and when an indication signal response has been
established to be between 80 and 200% (not saturated), use cursors to establish the 6 dB
drop points (50% drop), establish the delta and divide by two (2) to get a height value.
Alternatively, a 3 dB drop may be used for height sizing in this scenario.
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Appendix B: Example Scan Plans
B.1
Candidates shall prepare scan plans on their phased array instrument during the
examination with the onboard scan plan or ray-tracing functions. No previously created scan
plans shall be allowed into the testing area. The following are some examples of instrument
scan plans for reference.
B.2
0.432 in. (10.97 mm) thickness single-V weld – showing coverage using a 5L32 UTPA probe.
B.3
0.500 in. (12.7 mm) thickness single-V weld – showing coverage using the 5L16 UTPA probe.
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B.4
1.0 in. (25.4 mm) thickness double-V weld – showing coverage using 5L16 UTPA probes.
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