Knowledge session on
ZTE & Huawei BTS
PREPARED BY : SMRITI KAFLE
10TH FEB, 2021
GSM Architecture
GSM Architecture
Mobile station (MS) : It refers for mobile station. Simply, it means a mobile
phone.
Base Station Subsystem (BSS): It is also known as radio subsystem, provides and
manages radio transmission paths between the mobile station and the Mobile
Switching Centre (MSC). BSS also manages interface between the mobile
station and all other subsystems of GSM.
Base Station Controller (BSC):
It manages radio resources for BTS. It assigns frequency and time slots for all
mobile stations in its area.
It handles call set up, transcoding and adaptation functionality handover for
each MS radio power control.
It communicates with MSC via A interface and also with BTS.
Base Transceiver Station(BTS)
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a term used to denote a base
station in GSM terminology. It consists of transceiver units.
A BTS consists of an antenna and the radio equipment necessary to
communicate by radio with a Mobile Station(MS).
It encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates and feeds the RF signal to the
antenna.
It communicates with mobile stations via radio air interface and also
communicates with BSC via Abis interface.
Baseband Unit(BBU)
Baseband refers to the original signal or unmodulated signal.
A baseband unit (BBU) is a unit that processes the signal of original
frequency before it is modulated in telecomm systems.
BBU along with RRU forms a BTS. RRU process the incoming and
outgoing radio signals. It also send & receive signals(EM waves) from
Antenna through Jumper cable. Altogether, BBU is connect with RRU
through CPRI(Common Public Radio Interface) fiber cable for making
BTS.
The BBU is responsible for communication through the physical
interface.
BBU
BBU provides CPRI ports for communication with RRUs and process uplink
and downlink baseband signals.
Provides clock ports for clock synchronization, alarm monitoring ports for
environment monitoring, and a Universal Serial Bus(USB) port for
commissioning.
Commonly BBU consists of FAN, Power Module, UMPT, UPEU and other slots
where necessary cards are inserted for needed operation. This all slots
commonly works as the function off BBU in telecom.
Fig: BBU of ZTE
Fig: BBU of Huawei
Fig: BTS of ZTE sites
Fig: BTS of Huawei sites
Fig: To check BBU of ZTE
Fig: To check BBU of ZTE
Fig: To check BBU of Huawei
Fig: To check BBU of Huawei
Fig: To check BBU of Huawei
FCE Board/FAN
Fan dissipates heat from for the overall equipment.
It monitors the inlet temperature, controls the rotation speed of fans and
reports the status of fans in the BBU.
SA Card
Provides Environment alarm monitoring ports.
Configured on 13th slot only.
Maximum no. of alarm configured = 8.
POWER MODULE(PM)
PM card is used to distributes power for the cabinet.
There are 2 PM on cabinet in load sharing mode.
Configured on 14th & 15th slot only.
Control Card(CC)
It is the CPU of the system as it contains software for the complete BTS.
Provides GPS system clock and RF reference clock
Provide Abis/Iub interface function
Ethernet switch function, providing switch plane for signaling stream
No. of cards= 2 (master + slave)card
Configured on 1st and 2nd slot only.
FS Card
Baseband IQ data exchange/Network switching board.
Provides interface between RRU and BBU.
6 optical ports on each FS card.
Types: FS0, FS3, FS5, FS5[A],…….
Configured on 3rd & 4th slot only.
2 FS card in load sharing mode.
BPN2/BPQ2 cards
LTE card
Cards used as interface between BBU and RRU but also acts as the
combination of FS + UBPG or FS + BPC/BPK
Mainly used for 4G sectors serving both 2G & 4G or 3G & 4G
Each BPN/BPQ card contains 6 optical ports similar as in FS card
Can be configured on 5th to 8th slot only.
UPBG Card
UPBG card is GSM baseband processing board.
Baseband modulation: Handles 12 carriers on downlink at maximum/
Handles 12 carriers on uplink at maximum
Supports baseband frequency hopping.
Supports static and dynamic power control
Can be configured on 5th to 8th slot only.
BPC/BPK/BPK_s/BPK_e/BPK_d Cards
UMTS(3G) baseband processing board
Coding/multiplexing, rate matching, channel mapping, spectrum
spreading and scrambling, power weight and channel synthesis for
downlink data.
Rake receiving and channel decoding for uplink data, transmission of
uplink data to Iub interface.
Supporting radio link synchronization and transmission-frame processing
Capacity : BPK_d= 2BPK/BPK_e =4BPK_s/BPC
Can be configured on 5th to 8th slot only.
Steps to check BBU or BTS in ZTE EMS
Fig: To check Dry contact alarms
Fig: To check FS card type
Fig: To check FS port
Fig: To check model of SFP
Fig: To check RET/TILT
Fig: To check RET/TILT
Fig: To check RET/TILT
Fig: To check RET/TILT
Fig: To Enable PA
Fig: To Enable PA
Fig: To Enable PA
To check Traffic
To check 2G Traffic
To check 2G Traffic
To check 2G Traffic
Note: Green lines indicates sector having traffic
Each column represent each sector of 2G
GTMU
GSM Transmission and Management unit for BBU(GTMU) controls and
manages the entire BTS i.e supports only 2G.
Its provides interfaces related to reference clock, power supply,
OM(operation & maintenance)and external alarms collection.
Provides CPRI ports for communication with RF modules.
Configured on 6th slot.
UMPT
Universal Main Processing and Transmission Unit.
Supports GSM, UMTS and LTE.
It performs OM functions. It does configuration management, equipment
management, performance monitoring, signal processing.
Configured on 7th slot.
UPEU Card
Universal Power and Environmental Interface Unit.
Converts power of -48V input into +12v with 300w and 650w power
needed for BBU operation and Processing.
Takes EMU signals through RS485 serial communication and converts into
Boolean Signals and provide 8 dry contact alarms. Thus acts as interface
unit for BBU and EMU unit.
UEIU on 18th , UPEU on 19th and PMU on 7th slot.
EMU Card
Environment Monitoring Unit for sensors alarm.
All dry contact alarms are configured in this card.
Configured on subrack 40.
UEIU
The universal environment interface unit (UEIU) supports multiple
environment monitoring signals. The UEIU supports eight Boolean alarm
signals and two RS485 environment monitoring signals.
The UEIU is optional. It is configured when the environment interfaces are
insufficient.
Provides 8 dry contact alarms.
PSU
Power Supply Unit
Converts the +24 V DC power into the -48 V DC power.
Monitors alarms related to module faults (such as output over-voltage, no
output, and fan faults), alarms related to module protection (such as overtemperature protection, and input over-voltage/under-voltage
protection), and power failure alarm.
PMU
The PMU manages the power supply and batteries. The PMU is the core of
the power monitoring system.
Communicates with the central processing unit
Detects and reports water damage alarms, smoke alarms, door status
alarms, and standby Boolean value alarms; reports ambient humidity and
temperature, battery temperature, and standby analog values.
Detects power distribution and reports alarms, and also reports dry contact
alarms(8 alarms).
UBBP Board
The universal baseband processing unit (UBBP) can serve as a baseband
processing board working in any mode i.e. GSM+UMTS+LTE
Multiplexes baseband resources among different modes, thereby
supporting multimode concurrency.
Provides CPRI ports for communication with RF modules and processes
uplink and downlink baseband signals.
Types: UBBP1, UBBP2, UBBP3, UBBP4, UBBP5, UBBP6, UBBP9 etc
RRU
The RRU performs modulation and demodulation between baseband signals
and RF signals, processes data, and combines and divides signals.
The RRU consists of the high-speed interface unit, signal processing unit, power
amplifier, and dual-duplexer.
The equipment is used to extend the coverage of a BTS/NodeB/eNodeB in
challenging environments such as rural areas or tunnels. They are generally
connected to the BTS/NodeB/eNodeB via a fiber optic cable using Common
Public Radio Interface protocols.
The RRU contains the base station's RF circuitry plus analog-to-digital/digital-toanalog converters and up/down converters. RRHs also have operation and
management processing capabilities and a standardized optical interface to
connect to the rest of the base station.
To check Traffic in Huawei
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
Process for traffic check of all 2G, 3G and 4G
cells is same.
We have to choose sakhanal templet and
expand it.
And select particular templet for particular
sector’s traffic check.
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
To check Traffic
To check RET/Tilt
Note: We can only check Electrical tilt not
mechanical tilt from NOC.
To check RET/Tilt
To check RET/Tilt
To identify sectors
G= 2G=GSM = (900+ 1800) band
U=3G=UMTS=2100 band and 900 band
L=4G=LTE=(1800+ 2100)band
Example: GBAG412 represents 2G site
WBAG412 represents 3G site using 3G RRU
UBAG412 represents 3G site using 2G RRU
LBAG412 represents 4G site using 2G or 3G RRU
To identify sectors
G=Supports only 2G
U,G=Supports 2G + 3G
G,L=Supports 2G + 4G
G,U,L=Supports all 2G+3G+4G
To identify sectors
2G 900 band includes 3 sectors represented by GBAG412A, GBAG412B &
GBAG412
2G1800 band includes 3 sectors represented by GBAG412X, GBAG412Y &
GBAG412Z
3G 2100 band includes multi-sectors represented by WBAG412A, WBAG412B,
WBAG412C, WBAG412X, WBAG412Y…..
3G 900 band includes 3 sectors denoted by UBAG412A, UBAG412B, UBAG412C
4G 1800 band sectors represented by LBAG412X, LBAG412Y, LBAG412Z,….
To identify sectors in ZTE
RSU placed in BBU cabinet and RRU placed in Tower.
RSU used for only 2G band
RRU used for all 2G, 3G & 4G.
If RRU/RSU model contains GU908/ S9000 then it is 900 band
If RRU/RSU model contains GU800/ S1800 then it is 1800 band
If RRU model contains 2100/U216/U216 then it is 2100 band
To identify sectors in ZTE
To identify sectors in Huawei
Subrack 60,61,62=900 band A,B,C sectors
Subrack 63,64,65=1800 band X,Y,Z sectors
Subrack 80,81,82,83,…=2100 band A/X, B/Y, C/Z,D/Y,…
To identify sectors in Huawei
To identify sectors in Huawei
To identify sectors in Huawei
To check UBBP slot
To identify sectors in Huawei
To check 3G traffic in ZTE
To check 4G traffic in ZTE
THANK YOU !!!
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