GLOBAL GNS-XLS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
COMPUTER BASED TRAINING PROGRAM
WORKBOOK
________________________________________________________________
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Operation of Selected Control Heads ...................................................1
Helpul Hints for Simulator Start-up .......................................................1-2
Suggestions for Using the Training Program .........................................2
INTRODUCTION
TO THE GLOBAL GNS-XLS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
What is an FMS? .................................................................................. 3
What does it do? .................................................................................. 3
How does it work? ................................................................................ 3-4
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 1: GENERAL TERMS AND KEYBOARD FAMILIARIZATION
General Terms ......................................................................................5
Keyboard Familiarization ...................................................................... 5-6
Test Gate - Keyboard Familiarization ................................................... 7
MODULE 2: SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
General Information .............................................................................. 8
Entering Date and Time (GMT)............................................................. 8-9
Position Initialization ............................................................................. 9
Selecting a Stored/Company or AFIS Flight Plan to Active FPL .......... 9-10
Programming the FROM and TO Waypoints ........................................10
Normal/Abbreviated System Initialization ............................................. 11
Test Gate - System Initialization ........................................................... 12
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
MODULE 3: FLIGHT PLANNING STORED FLIGHT PLANS
General Information .............................................................................. 13-14
Stored Flight Plan Information .............................................................. 14
How does the Depart (SID) Page Work? ..............................................15-17
How does the Arrive (STAR) Page Work? ........................................... 17
How does the Approach Page Work? .................................................. 18
FLIGHT PLANNING - ALL ABOUT WAYPOINTS
General waypoint information ...............................................................19
Specific waypoint information ...............................................................20-21
Test Gate - Flight Planning - Stored Flight Plans ..................................22-24
MODULE 4: PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Flight Plan Section................................................................................ 25-26
Navigation Section................................................................................ 27-30
Plan Section.......................................................................................... 30-32
Test Gate - Page Highlights.................................................................. 33-34
MODULE 5: SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
Direct To Function ................................................................................ 35
Holding.................................................................................................. 36
Heading Mode....................................................................................... 37
Test Gate - Special Functions and Procedures..................................... 38
MODULE 6: ADVISORY VNAV
VNAV Operation ................................................................................... 39-40
Test Gate - Advisory VNAV................................................................... 41
MODULE 7: ACARS/AFIS OPERATIONS
General Information .............................................................................. 42-43
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
ii
MODULE 8: Abmormal Indications, Cause, Effect and Response
General Information .............................................................................. 44-48
FINAL EXAM
The Flight Plan...................................................................................... 49-51
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PC SIMULATOR TRAINING PROGRAM
Operation of the selected Control Heads:
• Before you can operate any Control Head it must be
enlarged by moving the cursor over the desired control
head then “clicking” the mouse button.
• Altitude Preselector - Click on the Control Head. To set
the altitude to a lower value, move the cursor to the lefthand edge of the knob. Click or click and hold the mouse
button until the desired setting is reached then release the
mouse button. To increase the value, move the cursor to
the right-hand edge of the knob and click the mouse
button in the same manner.
• Mode Controller Panel (MCP) - Click on the Control Head.
The AP, FD, CLIMB, NAV and ALT Modes are set
automatically by the program if the default SETUP is not
altered. To begin a Descent click on the Control Head
then press the VNAV button to arm the VNAV Mode.
Close the MCP and click on the Altitude Preselector. Set
the desired altitude then close the Preselector. At TOD
the airplane will automatically begin a descent. The
CLIMB and DESCEND buttons may also be used
independently of VNAV but the Preselector and the ALT
ARM must also be set.
• HSI Control Panel - Pressing the HSI button will change
the CDI displayed to a MAP display. The Range may be
changed by pressing the RANGE UP or DOWN arrow
keys. The NAV key is used to change between FMS and
VOR steering modes.
For further information on the operation of the simulator consult the
PC Simulator User’s Guide .
Helpful hints for simulator start-up:
• Before you turn the FMS on, click on it to enlarge it. Turn
it ON then click on the FAST key located near the center,
lower edge of the PC screen. This will speed up the Self
Test. Turn the FAST mode off before you push the power
levers forward to fly.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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PC SIMULATOR TRAINING PROGRAM
Helpful Hints- continued
• Click on the SETUP button. If AFIS is on as indicated by
the red dot adjacent to the word AFIS, turn it off. To do
this, move the little airplane over the red dot with the
mouse. “Click” on the red dot and it will disappear
indicating that AFIS is disabled. Move the little airplane
over the blue bar that reads SYSTEM SETUP and click
the mouse button. AFIS will now be disabled.
• Click on the HSI. Next, click on the HSI button so that the
word MAP is displayed on the HSI. Because there is no
Active flight plan on the FMS yet, the map will be blank.
Having the map displayed will improve your situational
awareness as your flight progresses.
Suggestions for using the Training Program:
• Have the FMS Operator’s Manual available
• Use the PC Simulator while going through each Module
and not just Test Gates.
• At the end of each Module and Test Gate, reset the
system using the Master Reset function in preparation for
the next lesson.
• When performing the Test Gate for each Module cover the
right-hand column until you have completed the action.
Check for correct Pilot Action and System Response by
looking at the right-hand column.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
INTRODUCTION TO THE GNS-XLS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
WHAT IS AN FMS?
It is a small, magical, black box that has been designed to intimidate and confuse
any pilot who dares to attempt to understand it................. Seriously, an FMS is
primarily a computer that takes inputs from both the pilot and certain airplane
systems to help guide the airplane from take-off to landing. An FMS is loaded with
features that can help pilots if they understand how these features work, or confuse
them if they don’t.
WHAT DOES IT DO?
The FMS provides flight information to the pilot. The flight information provided is
the same information you used to write on a piece of paper when you first started
flying; information like distance to go, magnetic course, ETE, ETA and so on, only
now its done automatically. It also provides steering information to the airplane that
is used to guide the airplane along your flight planned route.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
You enter waypoints, better known as Intersections, NDB or VOR identifiers into
the FMS in the order you want to fly them. You now have a flight plan. The FMS
has an internal world-wide database that contains the latitude and longitude
(Lat/Lon) of every published waypoint on earth. Because the database has this
information, the FMS can compute a Course and Distance between any two
waypoints. You can even make up your own waypoints by giving the waypoint a
unique name then entering a latitude and longitude for it.
Next, the FMS has to know where it is in order to provide guidance. To do this, the
FMS must be “initialized” at the actual Lat/Lon starting point, i.e...... the airport
you’re departing from. Now the FMS knows its position in Lat/Lon and it knows,
from the database, the Lat/Lon of the waypoints you want it to take you to. The
FMS can now compute a Course and Distance from where it is to where you want it
to go.
An internal GPS navigation sensor is installed in the FMS. The FMS also accepts
inputs from external navigation sensors like VOR/DME, VLF/Omega or Inertial
Navigation Systems that it believes are internal navigation sensors. The FMS can
use any one or all of these sensor inputs to update its position. For example, if the
FMS uses VOR/DME inputs to compute its position, it will take the radial and
distance information it receives and convert it to a Lat/Lon position.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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INTRODUCTION - continued
HOW DOES IT WORK? - continued
You now have all this information coming to and going from the FMS. How do you
get it to guide the airplane. “Easy”. Just push the button. The simulator program
uses the “NAV” button on the EFIS control panel located below the HSI. In the
airplane it is labeled LNAV. Whatever the label says, the only thing you need to
know is that in order for the FMS to provide guidance information to the airplane, it
must be selected as the navigation source.
Currently, either VOR or TACAN are the standard navigation sources in the
airplane. When you want VORTAC information on the HSI/CDI to steer the
airplane you select NAV on the Flight Director (F/D) Mode Controller Panel (MCP).
Engage the autopilot and away you go. When you want the FMS to provide
information on the HSI/CDI to steer the airplane you press the LNAV button.
Engage the autopilot and away you go. It’s as easy as that!
Unlike the VOR or TACAN which guide the airplane FROM one VORTAC TO the
next, an FMS guides the airplane FROM the airplane’s present position to the
selected TO waypoint in the Active Flight Plan. Normally, you will not see a FROM
flag on the HSI when the FMS is guiding the airplane.
The secret to successfully operating any FMS is knowing what the capabilities of
the system are and which section and page will allow you to perform that function.
How to perform an individual function will for the most part become intuitive. To
help you find the function you are looking for, the pages in each section are
numbered. For example Navigation 1/4 is the first of 4 pages in the Navigation
section.
Now that you have completed FMS101, let’s proceed to the training modules and
learn the details of how to operate this FMS.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 1
GENERAL TERMS and KEYBOARD FAMILIARIZATION
Page 1 of 2
General Terms:
• FIELD - A line of information on the screen consisting of up to 22 characters.
• PAGE - Individual screen displays are referred to as pages. These pages
are arranged in sections and subsections much like chapters in a book.
Depressing a Chapter key, formally known as a Display Selector Key (NAV,
VNAV, FPL, PLAN, TUNE or D ) will bring up the first page of the section.
The first press of any Display selector Key will bring up the first page of that
section. Subsequent key presses will display the next page in that section.
• CURSOR - A yellow box placed over an active field by pressing an active
line-select key. Information can be typed in the cursor. Pressing the ENTER
Key will enter the data into the FMS and either the cursor will move to the
next active field on the present page or the page itself will change to the
appropriate page. Data blinking in the cursor indicates that the data entered
has not been accepted due to an unreasonable or invalid entry.
• WAYPOINT - A navigation point consisting of from 1 to 6 alpha numeric
characters that has a specific latitude and longitude. If an airport is identified
as an ICAO airport, the ICAO identifier must be entered when using an airport
as a waypoint. ICAO airports in the continental U.S. begin with “K”. Appleton
is an ICAO airport and is identified as KATW.
Keyboard Familiarization:
ON
A momentary press will turn the system on. A 40 second Self Test will begin
upon depressing the ON Key. If the display has been dimmed, momentarily
depressing the ON Key will bring the display to full bright. Pressing and
holding the ON Key for more than 3 seconds will turn the system Off.
Line Select (LS) Keys are used to bring the cursor on a page so that data
may be entered. They are referred to as LS 1 through 5 Left or Right, i.e.....
LS-1L, LS-5R etc. A LS key is active when a small white chevron can be
seen on the screen adjacent to the active key. Each key covers 2 lines of
data. The second or third key press will remove the cursor from the display.
ENTER
Will load data into the computer when data is keyed in the cursor box. It
may be used in lieu of LS keys to cycle through active fields on certain pages
when the cursor is on the page. In certain cases the ENTER key
automatically cycles the display back to the page where data entry began.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 1
MSG
PRV
NXT
BACK
GENERAL TERMS and KEYBOARD FAMILIARIZATION
Page 2 of 2
Allows the operator to view FMS messages. The first press brings up the
System Messages page, the second press brings up the Sensor Messages
page. If no Sensor Messages exists, the Sensor Messages page will not
appear. A message alert light will illuminate when an appropriate message is
present. The message pages should be checked prior to selecting a flight plan
to insure that the database is current and no systems problems are present.
Will page the display backwards through a Section or Subsection. The
display pages will remain in a “loop” in the selected Section or Subsection.
Will page the display forward through a Section or Subsection. The display
pages will remain in a “loop” in the selected Section or Subsection.
Is a multi-function key. When the cursor is on a page and data is being
entered in the cursor, individual letters or numbers can be erased. They will
be erased from right to left similar to the way a Back Space key works on
your computer. In certain cases, if the cursor is placed on the page where
data already exists and the BACK is pressed the data will disappear but will
not be erased unless an Erase prompt appears and the ENTER key is
pressed.
Pressing this key under certain conditions will change what is displayed in
the Plan section. In the Flight Plan sections it can be used to delete
waypoints. In the Navigation section, it can be used to change CDI scaling,
select and deselect sensors or display altitude constraints. We will go into
more detail on the BACK key when we get to the particular section. The
bottom line is that if you’re not sure what to do next, put the cursor on the
page and press BACK.
When the cursor is not on a page and more than one page exists in a
section, it can be used to page backwards to previous pages of the section.
If you are in a subsection, it will take you to another subsection or back to
the main section. You will see how this works when we get to the Flight Plan
and Sensor Subsection pages.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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TEST GATE MODULE 1
KEYBOARD FAMILIARIZATION
PILOT ACTION
Page 1 of 1
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on.
1. Pressing the ON key turns the system on. The
system will complete its Self Test and display the
Initialization page with the cursor over the IDENT
field.
2. Place the cursor over the Time (GMT)
field. Remove the cursor from the page.
2. LS-2R must be pressed twice to place the cursor
over the Time (GMT) field. A third press will
remove the cursor from the page.
3. Place the cursor over the DATE field.
Without using a LS key, move the cursor to
the IDENT field.
3. Pressing the ENTER key will move the cursor
from the date field to the IDENT field.
4. Key-in KATWW in the IDENT field. The
identifier is in error. Remove the last W
from the identifier.
4. If the cursror was not moved to another field
after the identifier was entered, pressing the
BACK key will remove the last W. If the cursor
was moved, pressing the BACK key will
temporarily blank the data within the cursor box.
In this case to change the identifier, simply type
over the identifier. The new entry will over-write
what was in the IDENT field.
5. Complete the position initialization.
5. The position initialization is completed by
pressing the ENTER key 3 times when the cursor
is over the IDENT field.
6. View the SENSOR MESSAGES page
without using the PRV or NXT key.
6. The second press of the MSG key will display the
SENSOR MESSAGES page.
7. Turn the system off.
7. Press and holding the ON key for 3 or more
seconds will turn the system off.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 2
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
Page 1 of 4
General Information:
Trying to explain system initialization when data entry is required may seem lengthy
and confusing. In reality, most of the entries that will be explained are rarely
required. A shorter version of system initialization will be explained at the end of this
module.
The Initialization page is only accessible upon system turn-on. When you leave the
initialization page and go to the Stored flight plan pages, the only way to return to the
initialization page is to turn the system off then back on.
System initialization is complete and the system is ready to provide navigation
information, after the following data has been entered or verified:
• The system is turned on and Self Test is complete.
• The DATE and TIME are verified or entered.
• The initialization position or airport identifier are entered or verified.
• A Stored, AFIS or Company flight plan has been selected as the Active
Flight Plan.
• A From and To leg have been entered on NAV page 1.
• The System/Sensor Message pages have been reviewed and the
Database is verified current.
Entering Date and Time (GMT):
Normally, DATE and GMT do not have to be entered. They will remain in memory
after the system is shut down. It is important however, that they are correct. GPS
acquisition time, the effective date of the database and the TAKE OFF time are all
dependent upon the accuracy of the date and time.
Updating the DATE
• Press LS-2R and place the cursor over the DATE field.
• Use the number keys to type in the date. Two digits are always required
for the day, the month and the year.
• To enter the date first type the day of the month, then the number of the
month, then the last two digits of the year. July 4th, 1996 would be entered
as 4 July 96 or 040796.
• Press the ENTER key to load the data and the cursor moves to the GMT
field.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 2
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
Page 2 of 4
Updating Date and Time (GMT) - continued:
Updating GMT
• Use the number keys to type in the four digit GMT time in a 24 hour clock
format. 4:35 PM will be typed in as 1635.
• Press the ENTER key and the cursor moves to the IDENT field where the
position initialization is verified or updated.
Position Initialization:
Normally, the initialization position does not have to be entered. After the system is
shut down, the airport reference point (ARP) position is retained in memory. The
next time the system is turned on, the INDENT field will prefill with the shut-down
ARP.
Updating the Initialization Position
• With the cursor over the IDENT field, type in the appropriate airport
identifier then press the ENTER key.
• The airport continuation records page appears where either the ARP, a
Runway or an Outer Marker may be selected. Normally the ARP is
selected by just pressing the ENTER key. Pressing the appropriate LS key
to place the cursor over the desired runway and pressing ENTER, will
initialize the FMS position to that runway.
• When the ENTER key is pressed the Initialization page will again be
displayed with the cursor over the Lat/Lon field. Verify that the coordinates
are reasonable and press ENTER. The display will change to either the
AFIS, Stored or when available, Company flight plans page.
Selecting a Stored/Company or AFIS flight plan to the Active Flight Plan:
On the simulator program it may be necessary to turn off AFIS in order for the
Stored flight plan to be displayed automatically from the Initialization page. This is
done by pressing the SETUP button located near the lower left hand corner of the
screen, then moving the cursor (the airplane symbol) over the red dot adjacent to
AFIS and “clicking” the mouse. The red dot should now be out of view and AFIS will
be deselected.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 2
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
Page 3 of 4
Selecting a Stored/Company or AFIS flight plan to the Active Flight Plan - cont.
Selecting a Stored Flight Plan to the Active Flight Plan
• If necessary, press the flight plan (FPL) key, until the desired Flight Plan List
page is displayed. Press the appropriate, right hand LS key to place the
cursor over the desired flight plan number. For training purposes put the
cursor over any flight plan number and press the ENTER key.
• Review the waypoints of the flight plan you selected using the PRV or NXT
key. Press LS-5R to bring the cursor over the SELECT prompt then press
the ENTER key.
• The Stored flight plan has now been transferred to the Active flight plan.
Programming the FROM and TO waypoints:
This is the final step needed to initialization the system! When a From and To
waypoint are established, the system computes a track between the two waypoints
and can output steering information to guide the airplane along this track.
Programming the FROM and TO waypoints
• Press the NAV key to display Navigation page 1. The cursor will be
displayed over the from (FR) field with the first waypoint of the flight plan in
the cursor.
• Press the ENTER key to load the From waypoint in the FR field.
• The cursor moves to the TO field where the next waypoint in the flight plan
following the FR waypoint is displayed in the cursor.
• Press the ENTER key to load the TO waypoint in the TO field
• The cursor moves to the leg change mode field. Press ENTER to remove
the cursor from the page and accept the AUTO leg change mode. The leg
change mode will be addressed later in the syllabus.
Now that you thoroughly understand what you have just read, you will be able to
initialize the system under the worst of conditions! Take heart, the next page will show
you how to do the “normal” abbreviated version of system initialization.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 2
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
Page 4 of 4
Normal/Abbreviated System Initialization:
When minimal data entry and only verification of data is required, system initialization
is a breeze!
The following requirements must be met before a “normal” initialization can be
performed:
• The DATE and GMT must be correct.
• The system must have been turned off at the same airport that it is turned
on.
• The desired flight plan must be stored in the system.
• The system is not configured for AFIS.
Normal system initialization
• Press the ON key to turn the system on and wait the 40 seconds for the
system to complete the Self Test.
• The cursor will appear over the IDENT field. After about 3 seconds the
departure airport will appear in the cursor.
• Pressing the ENTER key will bring up the airport continuation records page
that contains the available runways and outer markers.
• Press ENTER again. The ARP will be selected and the display will change
back to the initialization page with the cursor over the Lat/Lon field.
• Verify that the coordinates are reasonable then press ENTER again and the
Stored flight plan page will appear. If a stored flight plan exists with the
same departure point as the point at which the FMS position was initialized
the cursor will appear over the first flight plan number with that same
waypoint identifier. If not, you will have to put the cursor over a fight plan
number using a right hand LS key.
• Press ENTER again and the waypoints of the flight plan number you
selected will appear. Review and verify the waypoints of the flight plan
using the PRV or NXT.
• Press LS-5R to bring the cursor over the SELECT prompt.
• Press the ENTER key. The Stored flight plan is selected to Active and the
Active flight plan page is displayed.
• Press the NAV key to bring up Navigation page 1 so that you can load the
From and To waypoints and establish the first leg of the flight plan.
• Press ENTER three more times and you now have a system that is ready to
take you places. When dual FMS systems are installed the cursor will move
to the Crossfill (XFILL?) prompt. If you press ENTER, all the data will be
crossfilled to the other system.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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TEST GATE MODULE 2
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
Page 1 of 1
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Simulate an incorrect
date by keying in July 4th, 1996 then
change it back to the current date.
1. The system turns on and completes the Self
Test. LS-2R must be pressed to place the cursor
over the DATE field. Key in 040796 and ENTER
to display 04 July 96. Press LS-2R twice to
return the cursor to the date field then type
today’s date in the same manner as the 4th of
July was entered.
2. From the DATE field using any number of
key presses and only one of the keys on
the keyboard, bring up the Stored Flight
Plan List page on the display.
2. Pressing the ENTER key 5 times brings up the
Stored Flight Plan List page.
3. Select flight plan number 10 from the list
and make it the Active flight plan.
3. The PRV or NXT is used key to cycle through the
list until flight plan 10 is found. The cursor must
be placed over the number 10 using the
appropriate right-hand LS key. Pressing ENTER
will bring up the flight plan for selection and
review. Cursor over the SELECT prompt using
LS-5R. Pressing ENTER will select the flight
plan to the Active flight plan.
4. Complete the system initialization by
inserting the first leg of the flight plan on
the appropriate page.
4. Pressing the NAV key will bring up NAV page 1
with the cursor over the From (FR) field.
Pressing the ENTER key twiice will load the first
leg of the flight plan. When dual FMSs are
installed the cursor will be over the XFILL?
prompt. Pressing ENTER will crossfill the data in
that system to the other system.
5. Turn the system off.
5. Press and hold the ON key until the system turns
off.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 1 of 9
General Information:
The database in the actual system will contain company routes. This virtually eliminates
most of the requirements for flight planning. However, you still need to know how to
modify flight plans. The simulator requires that the information contained in your
database be manually entered, so for training purposes, you get to go through all of the
flight planning process. This is where the bulk of the system’s capabilities will become
evident. Flight planning is a fairly involved process but it’s also interesting.
FPL
This key allows the pilot access to the flight plan section. Except during system
initialization, pressing this key will take you to the first page of the Active fight plan.
Once in the flight plan section, the key may be used to page forward through the
four subsections of the Flight Plan section. When you want to remain or “loop” in
one of the subsections remember to use the PRV or NXT key.
The Flight Plan section contains up to four subsections; the Active, Stored, AFIS
and Company flight plans and all of the waypoints associated with each flight plan.
This is where either a Stored AFIS or Company flight plan is selected to the Active
flight plan.
In this section you can build, edit or view a Stored or Active flight plan. Unlike a
Stored flight plan, a Company route can only be edited when it becomes the Active
flight plan. Editing the Active flight plan does not affect any Stored flight plan or
stored Company route. Neither the FR nor the TO waypoint on the Active flight
plan page can be edited in any way. The only place the TO waypoint can be
edited is on Navigation pages 1,2 or 3.
An easy way to pull up a flight plan when the Stored Flight Plan List page is full or
the List has several pages, is to bring the cursor on the page with one of the righthand LS keys, type the flight plan number in the cursor (you have to remember the
number) and press the ENTER key. If you’re looking for the next available flight
plan on the list, press any right-hand LS key then press the BACK key. The NEXT
FPL prompt and the next available flight plan number will appear. Press the
ENTER key and an empty Stored flight plan will be displayed.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 2 of 9
General Information - continued:
You’ll want to get in the habit entering the Departure and Arrival airport on the flight plan
prior to accessing the Depart, Arrive or Approach pages. This will preclude having to type
the airport identifier again on the flight plan.
Anytime a SID, STAR or Approach procedure is loaded on a flight plan the waypoints of
that procedure will be indented one space to the right from the non-procedure waypoints.
Adding or Deleting waypoints from a procedure will invalidate it, indicating that it is no
longer a valid database procedure. The waypoints will no longer be indented. In the case
of the Approach procedure, the Approach will be canceled.
If only one SID, STAR or Approach procedure is available at an airport all of the
waypoints of the selected procedure will automatically be loaded on the SID ,STAR or
Approach page.
Stored flight plan information:
No altitude, distance or ETA information is displayed on a Stored flight plan page.
What are the Five prompts on the Stored flight plan page?
• DEPART - Used to either change or erase a SID or select it on to the flight plan
after the Runway, SID name and Transition have been entered.
• ARRIVE - Used to either change or erase a STAR or select it on to the flight
plan after the Transition, SID name and or the Runway have been entered.
• APPROACH - Used to either change or erase a stand-alone GPS or GPS
Overlay Non-precision Approach or insert it on to the flight plan after the
Runway, Approach Type and Transition have been entered.
• SELECT/INVERT - Used to select the Stored flight plan being displayed to the
Active flight plan. When the cursor is over SELECT pressing the BACK key will
display INVERT?. IF the ENTER key is pressed the waypoints of the flight plan
will be selected to the Active flight plan in reverse order.
• ERASE - Used to erase all of the waypoints from the selected flight plan.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 3 of 9
Stored Flight Plan Information - continued:
How does that DEPART (SID) page work?
• Cursor over the DEPART prompt on the flight plan page and press ENTER.
• When all of the parameters are entered, the cursor is over the SELECT?
prompt and the ENTER key is pressed, the waypoints of the SID will be loaded
into the flight plan. Only waypoints that the system is capable of flying to are in
the SID portion of the database. This means two things. All of the waypoints
that are on the published SID may not appear on your flight plan and the
system may not fly the full procedure. Make sure that the published SID is
always available when flying SIDs.
• When a SID is added to a flight plan, the flight plan may need to be edited so
that the waypoints are sequenced in the proper order.
• Pilot Nav and Vector SIDs are not in the database. So even though there may
be a SID at an airport, if it’s a Pilot Nav or Vector SID you will get a prompt that
says “NO SIDS AVAILABLE”.
• When there is a published altitude constraint at a waypoint on a SID it will
automatically be loaded at that waypoint from the database unless that
constraint is an “expect to cross” altitude. Expect to cross altitudes are a part
of published procedures but are not in the database.
Fields and prompts on the Departure Page
• Departure Airport field - If you typed the airport identifier on the flight plan, the
identifier will prefill in the DEPARTURE airport field. The airport identifier may
be changed here and you can view the SID at the airport of your choice.
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MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 4 of 9
Fields and prompts on the Departure page - continued
• Runway field - If a runway has been selected on the flight plan the Departure
airport field and the Runway field will be prefilled. Pressing LS-1R twice will
bring up the runway list with the cursor over the first runway in the list. Press
the appropriate LS key to bring the cursor over the desired Runway.
Pressing the ENTER key will load the runway identifier into the runway field.
• SID field - The SID field may prefill with a SID if only one SID exists for that
airport or runway. Normally the system defaults to the SID list with the cursor
over the first SID in the list when the page is accessed. Press the appropriate
LS key to bring the cursor over the desired SID. Pressing the ENTER key will
load the desired SID into the SID field and if more than one Transition exists
for that SID, the Transition list will appear with the cursor over the first
waypoint in the Transition list .
• Transition field - The Transition field may prefill if only one transition exists for
that airport or SID/Runway combination. When more than one Transition
exists and data has been loaded into the SID field, the Transition list will
appear with the cursor over the first transition waypoint in the list. Press the
appropriate LS key to bring the cursor over the desired transition. Pressing
the ENTER key will load the desired transition into the Transition field. The
waypoints of the SID are displayed with the cursor over the SELECT?
prompt. Pressing ENTER will load the SID onto the flight plan.
• SELECT prompt - When the cursor is over this prompt and the ENTER key is
pressed the SID will be loaded on to the flight plan
• ERASE prompt - When the cursor is over this prompt and the ENTER key is
pressed, all of the waypoints of the SID are erased. However, the Departure
airport will remain on the flight plan.
• To leave the Departure page other than by selecting the SID procedure,
press the FPL key or any Chapter key.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 5 of 9
Making changes to the SID
• The easiest way to make a change to a SID is to change the data that’s in the
Runway, SID and Transition fields to dashed (------) lines. This is
accomplished while on the Departure page by first, pressing LS-1R twice then
LS-2R twice. This is done to maximize the number of options available for
each field. For example, once a SID name is entered in the SID field, it limits
the number of options in the Runway and Transition fields to only those
runways and transitions associated with the SID name that was selected.
Once all three fields are dashes all limiting is removed.
How does the Arrive (STAR) page work?
• Operationally the DEPART and ARRIVE pages are identical. If you replace the
word SID with STAR on the previous pages you will understand how the
ARRIVE page works.
• There are a couple of subtle differences that you should be aware of:
– When the ARRIVE page is first accessed and more than one STAR exists
for the airport, the display defaults to the Transition field. You may
choose to select the STAR instead. Simply press LS-2R and the STAR
list will appear with the cursor over the first STAR in the list.
– If a runway is selected on the STAR the same runway must be selected
for the Approach procedure. A change to one or the other procedure is
required or you will be unable to load an Approach.
– If the STAR is erased the airport identifier will be erased from both the
STAR and flight plan page even if the identifier was keyed in on the flight
plan page.
– Like SIDs, the system may not fly the entire STAR procedure.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 6 of 9
How does the Approach page work?
• Operationally this page works the same as the DEPART and ARRIVE pages.
•
After an approach is selected into the flight plan, confirm the waypoint
sequencing. Waypoint editing may be required if the waypoints are out of
sequence.
• Upon accessing the Approach page when more than one approach is available
the RUNWAY list will be displayed with the cursor over the first runway on the
list. If a Circling approach is desired it may be necessary to dash (------) the
runway field by pressing LS-1R then LS-2R. If a Circling approach is available,
CIRCLE will be displayed in the TYPE list. Cursor over Circle and press
ENTER to load the circling approach on to the Approach page. The type of
circling approach is depicted in the upper right-hand corner of the display.
Only one circling approach is available per airport. The one you want may not
be in the database.
• The best way to change an approach parameter at the same airport is to
change all of the parameter fields (RUNWAY, TYPE and TRANSITION) to
dashed (------) lines and start over.
•
Anytime an Approach is erased the airport identifier will also be erased. The
approach procedure should be erased anytime the destination airport is
changed. This will make flight plan waypoint editing easier.
• The ++++++ field, some times referred to as a “fence”, that separates the
Missed Approach Point (MAP) from the Missed Approach Procedure waypoint
is one of the two types of flight plan discontinuities. The system will not
automatically sequence to the next waypoint following the fence. You must
use the Direct To feature to sequence beyond the fence. We’ll discuss the
Direct To feature in Module 7.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - ALL ABOUT WAYPOINTS
Page 7 of 9
General waypoint information:
There are five main categories of waypoints. VORs, Intersections, NDBs, Pilot Entered
and Offset waypoints. VORs, Intersections and NDBs are in the database and their
Lat/Lon position cannot be altered. Pilot Entered and Offset waypoints are created by
the pilot.
The database is designed to recognize waypoints by their unique identifiers. That’s why
on some SID, STAR and Approach procedures you may see waypoints from the
database that are not named exactly as they are on the approach charts.
There are several VOR and NDB waypoints in the database that have the same identifier
but are located in different parts of the world. These are called Duplicate Waypoints.
TRM is the identifier for the Thermal, California VOR. It is also the identifier for three
other VORs located in other countries. When the identifier is keyed in and the ENTER
key is pressed the Database WPT page will be displayed. If the waypoint is a Duplicate
Waypoint, a country code is displayed beneath the identifier and the title line shows that
more pages are available in this section.
When adding waypoints to a flight plan make sure that you are selecting the waypoint
you really wanted. Usually, if the wrong waypoint is selected a gross increase in the total
flight plan distance is evident.
Multiple waypoints can be loaded into flight plans. You are already familiar with this
capability because the DEPART, ARRIVE and APPROACH features load multiple
waypoints. There is one more way to load multiple waypoints. The database contains
strings of waypoints associated with Jet and Victor airways. You can call up these
airways and load a string of waypoints into a flight plan.
Waypoints can be added to or deleted from flight plans. Deleting waypoints is allowed
only on flight plan pages. To delete a waypoint simply LS the cursor over it, press the
BACK key, DELETE? will appear, then press ENTER. To add a waypoint within a
sequence of waypoints, LS the cursor over the existing waypoint that will follow the one
you’re adding. This applies to the Direct TO pages as well as flight plan pages.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - ALL ABOUT WAYPOINTS
Page 8 of 9
Specific waypoint information:
VORs
• Key in the 3 letter identifier. Press ENTER to review the Database WPT page
and verify the correct identifier is in view. Press ENTER again to load it into the
flight plan.
Intersections
• Normally intersections are inserted on flight plans as part of an airway or
procedure. Intersections are keyed in and inserted on the flight plan the same
way as VORs.
• Some intersections on SIDs, STARs and Approaches have rather cryptic
names. For example, the waypoint at the beginning of a DME Arc may look
like this: D259J. D, indicates this waypoint is a DME distance; 259 indicates
the radial from the Arc center VOR waypoint; J indicates it is a10 mile Arc. An
L, would indicate a 12 mile Arc; M, a 13 mile Arc and so on. See the operator’s
manual for an explanation of the naming convention for other unusual
procedure waypoint intersections.
NDBs
• NDBs require a unique entry procedure. Key in the NDB identifier then add the
letters NB to the end of the identifier.
Pilot Entered Waypoints
• Normally this page is accessed inadvertently because a waypoint identifier was
keyed in, in error. To return to the page you started from, first press LS-3R to
remove the cursor from the page then press the Back key.
• To enter a Pilot Entered WPT, key in the desired name. (This name cannot be
in the database). First press the N or S key, key in the desired 6 numbers and
press ENTER. Next press the W or E key, key in the desired 7 numbers and
press Enter. If this waypoint remains in any Stored flight plan it will remain in
memory just like a database waypoint.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - ALL ABOUT WAYPOINTS
Page 9 of 9
Specific waypoint information - continued
Offset Waypoints
• Offset waypoints are entered by first keying-in a waypoint identifier followed by
an asterisk (*). The Offset WPT page will appear with the cursor over the
Radial (RAD) field. Key-in the desired radial then press ENTER. The cursor
moves to the distance (DIS) field. Key-in the distance of the offset and press
ENTER. Review the coordinates for accuracy then press ENTER to return to
the page you started from.
Jet and Victor Airways
• The waypoint preceding the Airway entry, must be one of the waypoints that
makes up part of the Airway. If the preceding waypoint is not part of the
Airway the Airway entry will flash within the cursor.
• To enter an Airway on the flight plan, place the cursor below the waypoint that
will be the starting waypoint on the Airway. Key in the Airway identifier
preceded by the # symbol then J for a Jet Airway or V for a Victor Airway.
Next, Key in the number of the Airway, ENTER, choose the ending waypoint
then ENTER. For example, after OSH key-in #V341 then ENTER. Choose
MSN as the ending waypoint by pressing the appropriate LS key, then Press
ENTER. The waypoints are now loaded into the flight plan.
This was a long Module! Finally, you’re ready to do some serious flight planning.
Remember, most of your waypoints in the real system will be pre-programmed in the
database so all you’ll need to do is SELECT the company flight plan to the Active flight
plan. The Test Gate is long as well. Because a lot of the waypoints on the company
Departures and Arrivals are not in the database as procedures, we have to enter them
manually in order to fly them in this simulator. Legally, you cannot create any procedure
by manually entering waypoints. All procedures must come from the database. Once
you enter them on a Stored flight plan they will remain in memory even in the simulator.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
TEST GATE MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 1 of 3
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Initialize the system
position to Denver and display the Stored
flight plan list page.
1. Pressing the ON key turns the system on. Key in
KDEN in the IDENT field and press ENTER until
the Stored flight plan list appears.
2. Place the cursor over any flight plan
number, select it then erase it. Do this to
3 more flight plans in the list.
2. Any LS key brings the cursor on the page. Press
ENTER to select a flight plan. LS the cursor
over the ERASE prompt and press ENTER.
Press the FPL key to go back to the list. Do this
3 more times.
3. Use the procedure for bringing up the
NEXT available FPL. Create a flight plan
with a Departure airport, SID Transisiton
and destination airport by keying-in
waypoints for the following route
clearance: Cleared from Denver, Rocki2
Red Table (DBL) Transition, direct Aspen.
3. Press the FPL key to bring up the flight plan list.
Place the cursor on the page with a LS key.
Press BACK, then ENTER to bring up the
working Stored flight plan. Key-in KDEN, then
ENTER twice. Press LS-4L to place the cursor
over the DEPART prompt then press ENTER.
The SID list appears. Press LS-4L to place
cursor over ROCKI2 and ENTER. The
Transition list appears with the cursor over DBL.
Press ENTER and Waypoints of the SID are
displayed with the cursor over the SELECT?
prompt. Pressing ENTER will select the SID
waypoints to the working Stored flight plan. Keyin KASE. The flight plan is now complete.
4. Modify the Stored flight plan above and
Create an Offset and Pilot Entered
Waypoints by adding the following
waypoints to the flight plan. Cleared after
Red Table, company GPS 15 approach to
KASE, via Red Table 244° radial for
7.4nm, FAWP(N 3918.54 W 10654.46),
MAWP(N 3915.31 W 10653.10), RW15
at Aspen.
4. Press PRV to return to page 1 of the flight plan.
Press LS-4L to place the cursor over KASE (the
waypoint that will follow the Offset waypoint).
Key-in DBL∗, then press ENTER. Key-in 244,
ENTER, 74, ENTER then ENTER again. Press
NXT to display the next page in the flight plan.
Press LS-1L to place the cursor over KASE.
Key-in FAWP and ENTER. Key-in N391854 and
ENTER then W1065446 and ENTER. Key-in
MAWP and ENTER. Key-in N391531 and
ENTER then W1065310 and ENTER. With the
cursor over KASE press ENTER. Press LS-4L to
place the cursor over RW15 and press ENTER.
RW15 at KASE is the destination and the flight
plan is now complete.
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TEST GATE MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 2 of 3
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
5. Bring up the NEXT FPL available and build a
Stored flight plan from the Missed Approach
Point (MAWP) for RW15 at KASE via the
company missed approach procedure (MAWP,
CROWS, LINDZ) .
5. Press the FPL key until the Flight Plan List page
appears. Press LS-4R if necessary to place the
cursor over a flight plan number. Press BACK then
ENTER to bring up the next available stored flight
plan. Key-in MAWP then ENTER, ENTER. Key-in
CROWS then ENTER,ENTER. Key-in LINDZ then
ENTER, ENTER. The flight plan is now complete.
6. Build a Stored flight plan from Aspen to Denver
based on the following clearance: Cleared from
KASE, company RW33 River Departure
(Offset waypoint from DBL R177.6 for 9.5nm,
LOCWP N391845 W1070255), DBL, Powdr1,
KDEN.
6. Use the procedure for selecting the NEXT FPL
available (press the FPL key if necessary to bring
up the Stored flight plan list. Press any LS to bring
the cursor on the page. Press BACK then ENTER
and the working Stored flight plan appears). Key-in
KASE then ENTER, ENTER. Key-in DBL∗, then
ENTER. Key-in 1776 then ENTER. Key-in 95 and
ENTER, ENTER. Key-in LOCWP then N391845
ENTER then W1070255 and ENTER. Key-in DBL
and ENTER, ENTER. Key-in KDEN then ENTER,
ENTER. Press LS-5L to place the cursor over the
ARRIVE? prompt then ENTER. Press LS-4R twice
to place the cursor over DBL then ENTER.
Waypoints of the STAR appear with the cursor
over SELECT? Press ENTER to load the wapoints
of the STAR into the flight plan. Press LS-3L to
bring the cursor on the page then key-in KDEN and
ENTER, ENTER. The flight plan is now complete.
7. Mini Exercise - Change the Powdr1 Arrival on
the flight plan above to the Larks1, PUB
Transition then back to Powdr1, DBL
Transition.
7. Press LS-5L to place the cursor over ARRIVE?
and press ENTER. Press LS-2R twice to clear
the STAR and Transition fields. Press LS-4L
twice to place the cursor over Larks1 in the list.
Press ENTER then LS-4L to place the cursor
over PUB then ENTER. Press ENTER again to
SELECT? the STAR and load it into the flight
plan. Use nearly the same procedure to reselect
Powdr1 with a DBL transition.
8. Mini Exercise - Load the Eagle River NDB
(EGV) into the flight plan above so that KDEN
follows the NDB entry. After the NDB is loaded
delete it from the flight plan.
8. Press LS-3L to place the cursor over KDEN (the
waypoint to follow the NDB entry). Key-in EGVNB
then ENTER, ENTER. The NDB is now loaded
into the flight plan so that KDEN follows EGVNB.
Press LS-3L twice to place the cursor over
EGVNB. Press BACK then ENTER to delete the
waypoint.
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TEST GATE MODULE 3
FLIGHT PLANNING - STORED FLIGHT PLANS
Page 3 of 3
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
9. Mini Exercise - Add Thermal VOR (TRM) to the
same flight plan so that KDEN follows the VOR
entry. Select the TRM located in another
country whose Frequency is 112.5 with a MAG
VAR of 1° West. (Note that the simulator does
not display the country code beneath the
identifier, however the real system does).
Delete TRM from the flight plan
9. Place the cursor over KDEN if necessary using
the appropriate LS key. Key-in TRM then
ENTER. Press the PRV key once, to display the
TRM that has a Frequency of 112.5. Press
ENTER to load it into the flight plan. Now press
LS-3L twice to place the cursor over TRM. Press
BACK then ENTER to delete TRM.
10. Mini Exercise - Add OSH after KDEN on the
flight plan you have been working with. You
receive a clearance reads: After OSH cleared
V341 MSN. Add the waypoints of the Airway to
the flight plan. Once the waypoints are loaded,
delete them.
10. Press the appropriate LS to place the cursor
below KDEN. Key-in OSH then ENTER, ENTER.
Key-in #V341 then ENTER again. Press LS-4L
twice to place the cursor over MSN. Press
ENTER and the waypoints of V341 will be loaded
into the flight plan.
11. Build the LDA/FMS RW25 Approach to KEGE
on a Stored flight plan. The waypoints are:
RLG, F058R, TALIA, IEGE, RW25.
11. Use the NEXT FPL available procedure to bring
up a working Stored flight plan. If no more flight
plans are available bring up a Stored flight plan
then erase it. Key-in RLG then ENTER, ENTER.
Key-in F058R then ENTER, ENTER. Key-in
TALIA then IEGE and load them in the same
manner. Key-in KEGE then ENTER. Press LS4L twice to place the cursor over RW25 then
press ENTER. The flight plan is now complete.
12. Build the FMS Missed Approach procedure for
the LDA/FMS RW25 Approach at KEGE on a
Stored flight plan. The waypoints are: F247A,
F222C, F219G, F204K, JESIE.
12. Use the NEXT FPL available procedure to bring
up a working Stored flight plan. Key-in F247A,
then ENTER, ENTER. Use this same procedure
for the remaining waypoints. The flight plan is
now complete.
13. Turn the system off.
13. Press and hold the ON key for more than 3
seconds.
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PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
FPL
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 1 of 8
Flight Plan Section:
Active Flight Plan
• The Active flight plan is almost identical to the Stored flight plan. The Active
flight plan displays additional information such as ETA, ETE and DIS
between waypoints as well as Altitude Constraints at waypoints..
• Information pertaining to specific waypoints is also displayed. The Active
flight plan will identify a waypoint that is a FAF, MAP or IAF. A waypoint will
be identified as having a Holding Pattern (HP), Procedure Turn (PT) or DME
ARC (ARC) associated with it when that procedure is programmed at that
waypoint.
• A Stored flight plan can be used for planning purposes but cannot be used to
provide guidance until it is selected as the Active flight plan. Waypoints are
loaded into the Active flight plan exactly like they are on the Stored flight
plan.
• The TO waypoint on the Active flight plan page can not be erased or altered
in anyway. The ERASE prompt will erase everything except the FR and TO
waypoint. Changes made to the Active flight plan do not affect any Stored
ACARS/AFIS or Company flight plans.
• If a Stored flight plan has been selected as the Active flight plan and the
system initialization is complete, a flight plan discontinuity, or fence (------)
will appear, when another Stored flight plan is selected as Active. Automatic
waypoint sequencing stops at the fence. A fence is also displayed when a
waypoint that is not on the Active flight plan is entered in the TO field on
NAV page 1, 2 or 3.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 2 of 8
Active Flight Plan - continued
• There are two prompts in the lower right-hand corner of the screen that are
different from the prompts on the Stored flight plan page. They are the
ACARS/AFIS UPDATE and ETE prompts. If ACARS/AFIS is turned off in
the simulator or not installed in the airplane the ACARS/AFIS UPDATE
prompt will not appear.
• The ETE prompt can be changed to ETA, DIS or ALT by placing the cursor
over ETE and pressing the BACK key. Press the BACK key until the desired
prompt appears in the cursor. Pressing the ENTER key will select that
prompt. The information related to that prompt will be displayed on the
Active flight plan until it is changed or the system is turned off.
• When the cursor is placed over the UPDATE prompt and the ENTER is
pressed an AFIS UPDATE page will appear. Fill in the appropriate data in
each field. Press the ENTER key after each entry. The Actual Flight Level
and Fuel Remaining fields may already be prefilled. The Cruise Mode
options are either MACH i.e. (M72), Max Cruise Power (MCP) or Max Range
Cruise (MRC). When all the data has been entered in the appropriate field
place the cursor over the Transmit Request? prompt and press Enter.
• What happens when you “transmit request” and what gets updated? Your
current flight plan and the data you entered is sent via the ARINC network to
the Global Data Center. Their computers contain the aircraft’s performance
specifications, the forecast temperatures and winds aloft at your altitude.
Based on this data they calculate what the expected, or “planned” aircraft
performance should be. This information is sent back to the airplane. When
the airplane receives it the FMS MSG light will flash and an AFIS FPL UPDT
message will appear on the SYSTEM MESSAGES page. Press the MSG
key to view the message and extinguish the MSG light. Press the NAV key
until NAV page 5 is displayed. You can now compare the aircraft’s Actual
performance to the Planned performance.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
NAV
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 3 of 8
Navigation Section:
Navigation Page 1
• This is the page that is usually displayed during flight. All of the pages in the
NAV section contain information associated with the current TO waypoint
and the Active flight plan. There will be 5 pages in this section if
ACARS/AFIS is installed or 4 pages if it is not.
• The second line down from the top of the display normally contains the From
(FR) waypoint. When a direct to function is initiated the FR will change to
DIRECT. When the airplane is in a holding pattern, HOLD LEFT or HOLD
RIGHT is displayed in this field. The ATA field adjacent to the FR field
normally displays the time over the From waypoint. While holding, the
holding pattern EXIT MODE is displayed; either MANUAL or AUTO. When
flying a DME ARC the FR field changes to DME ARC. When flying a
Procedure Turn, you guessed it, the FR field changes to PROCEDURE
TURN. When a desired track (DTK) is selected either on this page or the
FMS Heading page PSUEDO VORTAC will replace the FR field. We’ll go
into PSUEDO (pronounced sue-dough) VORTAC a little later.
• The third line down, the TO field, isn’t quite as busy as the FR field. TO itself
can change to PT before entering a procedure Turn or AT during a
Procedure Turn. TO will change to HP when there is a holding pattern
programmed at the TO waypoint. The ETA field adjacent to the TO field can
manually be changed to display an altitude constraint when one is
programmed at the TO waypoint. Press LS-2R to place the cursor of the
ETA field. Press the BACK key and ALT? will appear. To select ALT press
ENTER. The field will be dashes if no altitude constraint has been
programmed at the current TO waypoint. ALT should be selected during the
Approach phase of flight to improve vertical situational awareness.
• Line 4, which is normally blank will supply you with lots of information at the
appropriate time. Thirty seconds prior to reaching the current TO waypoint
the next waypoint identifier and the ETA at that waypoint will appear in this
field. At the same time in the Distance (DIS) and Desired Track (DTK) fields
below, the distance and desired track to the next waypoint are displayed in
parenthesis.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 4 of 8
Navigation Page 1 - continued
• PSUEDO VORTAC - When a desired track (DTK) is selected either on this
page or the FMS Heading page PSUEDO VORTAC will appear in the FR
field. Psuedo Vortac is nothing more that an indication that you have
selected a course to intercept and fly that may not be a course between two
waypoints on the Active flight plan. It is used primarily as an aid for
intercepting the final approach course. To select a course to the current TO
waypoint on NAV page 1, the FR field must read DIRECT. To go direct to
the TO waypoint simply place the cursor over the TO field and press
ENTER. The cursor will move to the DTK field. The desired course to the
current TO waypoint can be keyed-in. When ENTER is pressed the FMS will
provide guidance to turn the airplane and intercept the entered course, then
fly via that course to the TO waypoint.
• CROSSFILL - When dual FMSs are installed a crossfill (XFILL?) prompt
appears in the lower left-hand corner of the screen anytime the data in one
system differs for the data in the other. This prompt only appears on NAV
page 1. To crossfill the data, place the cursor over the XFILL? prompt.
When the ENTER key is pressed the data will be pushed over to the other
system. This eliminates the need to always enter data twice. As long as
nothing is crossfilled the data in each system will remain independent of the
other.
• LEG CHANGE MODES - The last item of interest is the white prompt at the
bottom of the screen that reads AUTO. This is an indication of the waypoint
sequencing mode of the Active flight plan. The field can be changed to MAN
by placing the cursor over AUTO, pressing the BACK, then the ENTER key.
In the MAN (manual) mode no waypoint sequencing will occur unless the
pilot manually does a Direct To procedure. Anytime AUTO is displayed and
the airplane passes over a waypoint the system will automatically sequence
to the next waypoint in the flight plan. As a rule of thumb, AUTO should
always be displayed. In certain situations, when Pseudo Vortac is selected,
MAN will be displayed within the cursor. This is a cue to the pilot to decide if
a leg change is or is not appropriate. Normally it is, so the field should be
changed back to AUTO. Simply press the BACK key then ENTER to restore
the AUTO sequencing mode.
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NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 5 of 8
Navigation Page 1 - continued
• LEG CHANGE MODES continued - When is MAN appropriate? The only
time it is really used is when you’re instructed to intercept a radial on a
heading and the intercept point is past your current TO waypoint. Once past
the current TO waypoint, MAN will prevent the FMS from providing guidance
to turn and intercept the leg to the next waypoint in the flight plan. This
allows the system to fly the assigned heading until reaching the radial. Once
the intercept is complete, return the leg change mode to AUTO. One final
note. The leg change mode is not displayed while the airplane is Holding at
a waypoint. This is a rather lengthy explanation of something you will rarely
use but you need to at least be familiar with what the leg change mode is all
about.
Navigation Page 2
• CDI SCALING - The highlight of this page is the CDI scale sensitivity
required for GPS approaches. It is located on the second line from the
bottom of the screen. Either ENRTE, TRMNL or APRCH will be displayed
depending on the phase of flight you’re in. It is completely automatic,
however it can be manually changed at any time. Even if it is manually
changed it will automatically be changed to the current phase of flight
anytime the phase of flight changes. The CDI scale criteria is : Enroute 5.0nm full scale deflection; Terminal - 1.0nm full scale deflection; and
Approach - 0.3nm full scale deflection. At 30nm from the destination airport
the scaling changes from Enroute to Terminal. Two nautical miles from the
FAF the scaling changes from Terminal to Approach. Upon system start-up
the scaling sensitivity defaults to the Automatic Mode.
• SELECTED CROSSTRACK (SXTK) - This field located at the bottom of the
screen, allows you to program an offset, parallel course to your current
course. The airplane has to have a valid ground speed before this field is
active. To program an offset, place the cursor over the SXTK offset value
field, key-in an L or R, depending upon which side of the planned course you
are directed to fly on, then key-in the offset in NM and ENTER. This option
isn’t used that often but it is available.
29
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 6 of 8
Navigation Page 4
• This page displays the FMS/aircraft position and information associated with
each sensor interfaced to the system. Individual sensor information is
accessed by placing the cursor over the desired sensor and pressing ENTER.
Use the NAV key to page forward through the subsection and return to NAV
page 4 or the NXT key to loop in the subsection.
• When the GPS is operating normally it is the only sensor contributing to the
FMS position. The GPS sensor error field is normally colored green. Anytime a
sensor is contributing to the FMS position the error field will be green. When a
sensor is not contributing to the FMS position it is set in a stand by mode as
indicated by the yellow colored sensor error field. In the event GPS accuracy
is degraded or fails, the other sensors will be set active so that they can
contribute to the FMS position.
• A sensor may be deselected if it’s position becomes inaccurate. During a
GPS Approach the VPU often times goes into Dead Reckoning (DR) because
of the lack of adequate VOR signals. The FMS MSG light may become a
nuisance especially in mountainous terrain. The VPU can be deselected by
placing the cursor over the sensor error field, pressing the BACK key then the
ENTER key. OUT will now be displayed in the error field. To reselect the
sensor use the same procedure as deselecting the sensor.
PLN
Plan Section:
The Plan Section contains information that is generally used for planning
purposes. This is where all of your “what ifs” can be done on Stored or the Active
flight plan without affecting any other portion of the system. Data pertaining to the
Active flight plan is available and can be altered in this section without affecting the
the actual flight plan. Aircraft weight, fuel information, Take-off, Landing and Flight
times can also be found in this section.
Predicted RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) availability information
is located in this section. RAIM is part of the GPS receiver and is used insure that
the GPS position accuracy is sufficient to meet the requirements for executing GPS
approaches. The system predicts RAIM availability at the time of arrival at the
destination. RAIM availability is required to shoot a GPS approach.
30
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 7 of 8
Plan Page 1
• FUEL STATUS - This is where the fuel on board and reserve fuel entries are
made. The cursor must be placed over the REMAINING field, key-in the fuel
on board and ENTER. The cursor moves to the RESERVE field. Key-in the
amount of reserve and ENTER. The cursor moves to the FLOW field. If the
FMS is capable of reading the aircraft’s fuel flow, press ENTER and the
entries are complete. A manual fuel flow may be entered if auto fuel flow is
not available. This can be accomplished by placing the cursor over the
FLOW field and keying-in the proposed flow. The flow field requires
updating every 15 minutes. To return to auto flow, place the cursor over the
FLOW field, press the BACK key then ENTER.
• The system will compute the number of hours that can be flown until the
programmed reserve fuel level is reached. This number is based on the
present fuel flow. The Range and LB/NM fields will display data as soon as
a valid ground speed is available.
Plan Page 2
• When an Active flight plan is loaded and the airplane is airborne, this page
contains valuable information about the Active flight plan. An “A” is
displayed in the Trip Plan field indicating that you are looking at the Active
flight plan. A Stored flight plan can be reviewed by placing the cursor over
the “A”, keying-in the Stored flight plan number then pressing ENTER. Here
is a good place to do “what ifs” with either the Stored of the Active flight plan.
• A manual ground speed can be entered and used to determine the ETE to
the TO waypoint, the ETA at the destination and whether or not RAIM will be
available at the destination. A time can be entered in the ETA field by
placing the cursor over the ETA field and keying-in a new ETA. A new
ground speed and RAIM availability will be calculated. To return to auto ETA
or ground speed place the cursor over one of these fields, press BACK then
ENTER.
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GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 8 of 8
Plan Page 2 - continued
• To cycle the waypoints of the flight plan in view, press LS-2L twice then
press ENTER. Each press of the ENTER key will sequence the next
waypoint in the flight plan. At the end of the flight plan it will be necessary to
place the cursor over TO waypoint and key-in the identifier of the first
waypoint in the flight plan in order to return to the beginning of the flight plan.
If a Stored flight plan number has been entered in the Trip Plan field an “A”
will have to be entered there so that the system looks at the Active flight plan
each time the Trip Plan page is viewed.
Plan Page 3
• When an Active or Stored flight plan is loaded on Plan page 2, the system
can compute fuel remaining at the destination by doing “what ifs” with the
ground speed (GS) and fuel flow fields. A manual GS or FLOW may be
entered at any time. If the REM @ field is colored yellow the fuel remaining
@ the destination is less than the reserve fuel amount that was programmed
on Plan page 1. Before leaving the page change the MAN entries back to
AUTO by placing the cursor over the field, pressing BACK and ENTER.
Plan Page 5
• This page allows you to change the DATE or GMT in case it was incorrect
on the initialization page and it was overlooked. The Take-off, Landing and
total Flight Time are found here. The times are input automatically through
the Air/Ground switch on the landing gear.
Plan Page 6
• The aircraft weight, payload and fuel on board are entered here. When the
inputs are complete the system will compute and keep track of the fuel used
and the gross weight. The entries are made in the same manner as the the
fuel entries on Plan page 1.
32
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
TEST GATE MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 1 of 2
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Initialize the system
position to Denver and display the Stored
flight plan list page. Select the KDEN to
KASE flight plan and complete the
system initialization.
1. Pressing the ON key turns the system on. Key in
KDEN in the IDENT field and press ENTER until
the Stored flight plan list appears. Place the
cursor over the flight plan number associated
with KDEN - KASE and ENTER. Cursor over
SELECT, ENTER. Press the NAV key then
ENTER, ENTER.
2. Go to Plan page 1 and enter fuel data.
You have 15000 lbs. remaining and you
need 4000 lbs. of reserve. Go to Plan Pg.
6. Complete the weight entries. BOW
74,000 lbs. Payload 6000, FOB use what
is displayed from previous entry. Go to
Active FPL Pg. 1.
2. Press the PLAN key once. Place the cursor over
the REMAINING field. Key in 15000, ENTER,
key in 4000, ENTER, ENTER and the Hours field
is filled with time to reserve. Press PRV, Plan
Pg. 6 is displayed. Cursor over BOW field, keyin 74000, ENTER, key-in 6000, ENTER, ENTER.
Gross Wt. field is filled with total weight. Press
FPL key once, FPL page 1 is displayed.
3. Mini Exercise - Press the FAST key to
take the SIM out of FAST mode. Set
Take-off power to get Sim flying. When
the Sim reaches 20000 ft. reduce the
power to idle. Press LS-5R. View all of
the options in this field then select ALT.
3. Press the FAST key. Click and drag the power
levers to the full forward position. LS-5R to
place the cursor over the option field. Press
BACK 4 times to cycle through the options.
When ALT? is displayed press ENTER. When
altitude constraints are available they will be
displayed in right-hand column of the screen.
4. Mini Excercise - Go to Navigation Pg. 2.
Change the CDI scaling to TRMNL.
Change it back to the AUTO mode. Now
enter the parameters to fly a parallel track
5 miles left of course in the SXTK field.
After the entry CLOSE the FMS screen to
view the ADI banking to intercept the 5
mi. offset. Note the XTK field is
increasing to 5 mi. Cancel the SXTK.
4. Press the NAV key twice. LS-5L the cursor over
the CDI scaling field. Press BACK until TRMNL
is displayed then ENTER. LS-5L again, press
BACK then ENTER. The CDI scaling is returned
to the AUTO mode. To enter a left 5 mi.
Selected Crosstrack (SXTK), LS-5R the cursor
over the SXTK field. Key-in L500, ENTER. To
cancel, LS-5R the cursor over the SXTK field,
press BACK then ENTER. The offset is
cancelled and the airplane banks to intercept the
original track.
5. Mini Excercise - Go to Navigation Pg.1.
Change the ETA value in the TO field to
ALT. Change it back to ETA.
5. Try pressing VNAV then the NAV key to get to
Navigation Pg.1. LS-2R the cursor over the ETA
field and press BACK then ENTER. To change it
back, LS-2R the cursor over the ALT field, press
BACK then ENTER. ETA will now be displayed.
33
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
TEST GATE MODULE 4
PAGE HIGHLIGHTS - FPL, NAV, PLAN SECTIONS
Page 1 of 2
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
6. While on Navigation Pg. 1 do a direct TO
OSH. A flight plan discontinuity is
created. Verify this by looking at the
Active FPL Pg.1. To remove the “fence”
press the D (Direct) key, cursor over DBL
then press ENTER. You have crossed
the fence and normal leg changes will
occur.
6. To do a Direct TO OSH LS-2L the cursor is over
the waypoint in the TO field. Key-in OSH then
press ENTER, ENTER. Press the FPL key to
view the fence.
7. Check RAIM availability at the destination
airport 15 minutes prior to your current
ETA. Return the ETA to real time.
7. Press the PLAN key twice to display the Trip
Plan page. LS-5R the cursor over the ETA field.
Key-in a time that is 15 minutes earlier than time
that is displayed then ENTER. To return to real
time LS-5R the cursor over the ETA field, press
BACK then ENTER.
34
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 5
D
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 3
Direct To Function:
The primary function is to establish a direct course from the aircraft’s present
position to any waypoint. When the Direct key is pressed the Direct page appears
with the cursor over the current TO waypoint. The Line Select keys are used to
place the cursor over the desired waypoint . When the Enter Key is pressed the
system will provide steering information direct to that waypoint and Nav page 1
will be displayed.
If a waypoint is added to the current route on this page, it will also be added to the
Active flight plan. Extra ENTER key presses are required to verify the inputs
when a waypoint is added here.
The Direct To function is also used to manually sequence to waypoints that are
beyond flight plan discontinuities or “fences”. Simply Line Select the cursor over
the fence to the desired waypoint and press ENTER. All of the waypoints that
were behind the fence will be permanently erased and the system will provide
steering information direct to that waypoint. Anytime a flight plan is modified the
Direct page should be reviewed to verify waypoint sequencing and flight plan
continuity.
This page has a couple of unique features. When the airplane has sequenced
past waypoints on the Active flight plan they are no longer visible. Those same
will be visible on this page. The last page of this section contains the 9 closest
airports to the aircraft’s present position. This feature can be used in
emergencies or for just figuring out where you are.
If the system is in FMS Heading or FMS Intercept Mode and the Direct To
function is activated the system will cancel the Heading Mode and provide
steering to the Direct TO waypoint.
35
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 5
HOLD
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
Page 2 of 3
Holding:
When the cursor is over a waypoint and the Hold key is pressed, holding pattern
information for the current TO is displayed. Holding pattern data can be entered
in accordance with the holding clearance. The Inbound course, Turn direction,
Leg time, Leg distance and Exit mode can be entered. The holding data defaults
to certain standard holding criteria to eliminate key pushes. Normally the only
entry required is the inbound course. The letters HP will be displayed next to any
waypoint that has a holding pattern associated with it.
To change Turn direction and Exit mode, place the cursor over the field press
BACK then ENTER. The remaining fields require a numeric entry.
About the only field that really needs explanation is the Exit Mode. If AUTO is
selected, the next time the TO waypoint is passed the system will automatically
sequence to the following waypoint in the flight plan. If MANUAL is selected, the
system will hold indefinitely. The Exit mode can be manipulated on NAV page 1
while the airplane is holding.
When the Hold key is pressed and no cursor is on the page the POSITION FIX
page appears. This page is used to update the system’s position to some known
point or usually, to the GPS position when GPS accuracy is assured.
36
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 5
HDG
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
Page 3 of 3
Heading Mode:
The system must have a valid ground speed to perform properly in the Heading
Mode. If you feel comfortable with the simulator you may want to do a system
initialization using any flight plan and fly it even before you get to the test gate.
The FMS Heading Mode is provided to eliminate the need to switch back and
forth between Flight Director heading mode and the FMS to steer the airplane. In
some cases it’s easier to switch but once you become comfortable with the FMS
Heading Mode you will enjoy having it.
There are two modes available. The Heading Select and the Heading Intercept
Mode. To use the Heading Select mode simply press the HDG key, key-in the
desired heading, then press ENTER twice. The Nav page will appear with line 4
showing HDG SELECT and the heading you selected. The Heading Mode can
be canceled using the Direct To function or by returning to the Heading page,
placing the cursor over the Heading Mode field, pressing BACK then ENTER.
The Heading Intercept Mode works in a similar manner. Press the HDG key, key
in the heading, press ENTER. With the cursor over the Heading Mode field,
press BACK to display INTERCEPT? then ENTER. The cursor moves to the TO
field. Press ENTER or select the TO waypoint. Press ENTER, the cursor moves
to the DTK field. Accept that course and press ENTER. Press ENTER once
more to load the intercept data and return to NAV page 1.
If a new course is selected Pseudo Vortac will be displayed on NAV page 1 after
the final ENTER. If a new TO waypoint is keyed-in and it is not part of the Active
flight plan a flight plan discontinuity will occur. The BACK key may be used to
cycle through waypoints of the Active flight plan while the cursor is over the To
field.
37
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
TEST GATE MODULE 5
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS and PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 1
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Initialize the system
position to Denver and display the Stored
flight plan list page. Select the KDEN to
KASE flight plan and complete the
system initialization.
1. Pressing the ON key turns the system on. Key in
KDEN in the IDENT field and press ENTER until
the Stored flight plan list appears. Place the
cursor over the flight plan number associated
with KDEN - KASE and ENTER. Cursor over
SELECT, ENTER. Press the NAV key then
ENTER, ENTER.
2. Press the FAST key to take the Sim out of
FAST mode. Set Take-off power to get
Sim flying. When the Sim reaches 20000
ft. reduce the power to idle.
2. Press the FAST key. Click and drag the power
levers to the full forward position.
3. Create a standard holding pattern at the
TO waypoint on Navigation Pg. 1.
3. Press the NAV key if required. Press the HOLD
key then ENTER, ENTER, ENTER. HP will
replace the TO prompt indicating a holding
pattern is programmed.
4. Do a Direct TO the first airport identifier
on the DIR CLOSEST ARP list. Now go
Direct to the original destination airport.
4. Press the Direct key twice. The DIR Closest
ARP page appears with the cursor over the first
airport identifier on the list. Press ENTER, the
airplane proceeds to the selected airport and
Navigation Pg. 1 is displayed. Press the Direct
key then place the cursor over the destination
airport identifier. Press ENTER. The system is
taking you to the original destination airport.
5. Place the system in FMS Heading mode
then cancel it by going Direct TO the
destination airport.
5. Press the HDG key. Key-in 270, ENTER,
ENTER. The airplane will turn to that heading
and Navigation Pg. 1 is displayed showing that
you are in HDG SELECT mode. The remote
FMS HDG annunciator will be illuminated.
38
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 6
VNAV
ADVISORY VNAV
Page 1 of 1
VNAV OPERATION:
VNAV is advisory only. This means the FMS does not output any pitch steering
commands so it cannot be coupled to the vertical axis of the Flight Director
Autopilot. The FMS will output information relative to vertical guidance and drive
an analog vertical deviation (Vert Dev) needle on the HSI. This Vert Dev needle
looks an awful lot like the ILS glide slope needle.
To keep it simple there, are three things you want to know about VNAV. One, is
how to go vertically direct on a glide path or Path Descent to an altitude at a
waypoint. Two, is how to program in advance, a glide path or Path Descent to an
altitude at a waypoint. Three, why is the VNAV invalid.
VNAV Invalid
• There is no altitude constraint on the flight plan. - Press VNAV twice. Place
the cursor over any line of blue dashes and Enter an altitude constraint
(1000 for example).
• No CRUISE ALT has been programmed on the DATA page. - Place the
cursor over the DATA prompt on VNAV Pg. 1. Press ENTER. Key-in an
altitude (use 20,000) then ENTER, ENTER, ENTER.
• The crosstrack error is greater than 12.5nm. - Do a Direct TO any waypoint
on the flight plan. VNAV should now be displaying some valid mode.
Vertical Direct
This is the most used feature of VNAV. It is relatively easy to do and to
understand. To do a Vertical Direct the airplane altitude must be above the
constraint altitude. Simply press the D key. If necessary place the cursor over
the desired waypoint then press VNAV. Key-in the altitude if required then
ENTER, ENTER. The page will change to VNAV page 1, the Vert Dev scale will
be displayed on the HSI and the Vert DEV variation is displayed on the FMS. On
the ground Vertical Direct is unavailable.
39
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 6
ADVISORY VNAV
Page 1 of 1
VNAV OPERATION - continued:
Pre-programming a Path Descent to a waypoint
In order for a Path Descent to be programmed, a flight path angle (FPA) must be
programmed on the VNAV waypoint page and the constraint altitude must be
below the airplane altitude. When a Vertical Direct is executed the FPA is
automatically loaded at the time the ENTER key is pressed and the display
changes to VNAV page 1. When an FPA is programmed at a waypoint a “G” will
be displayed adjacent to the altitude constraint.
The easiest way to pre-program a Path Descent to a waypoint is to press the
VNAV key until the desired waypoint is displayed on the VNAV flight plan
waypoints page.
• Place the cursor over the appropriate identifier then press ENTER. The VNAV
Waypoint page will appear with the cursor in the ALT field. Key-in the
altitude, press ENTER. The cursor moves to the Offset field.
•
If the clearance is to cross prior to, or beyond the fix the offset is entered
here. Use the “+” key for beyond offsets then key in the distance. For prior to
offsets, only the distance entry is required. The system defaults to “-”.
• Under normal conditions, when the cursor is over the Offset field, the next
time the ENTER key is pressed the cursor moves to the FPA field. Because
the airplane altitude is below the altitude constraint the line select key must be
pressed to place the cursor over the FPA field. Press ENTER and the Path
Descent to the waypoint is programmed.
40
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
TEST GATE MODULE 6
ADVISORY VNAV
PILOT ACTION
Page 1 of 1
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Initialize the
system position to Denver and
display the Stored flight plan list
page. Select the KDEN to KASE
flight plan and complete the
system initialization.
1. Pressing the ON key turns the system
on. Key in KDEN in the IDENT field and
press ENTER until the Stored flight plan
list appears. Place the cursor over the
flight plan number associated with KDEN
- KASE and ENTER. Cursor over
SELECT, ENTER. Press the NAV key
then ENTER, ENTER.
2. Press the FAST key to take the
Sim out of FAST mode. Set Takeoff power to get Sim flying. When
the Sim reaches 20000 ft. reduce
the power to idle.
2. Press the FAST key. Click and drag the
power levers to the full forward position.
3. Do a Vertical Direct (not a Lateral)
to the next waypoint past the
current TO waypoint on the flight
plan. Cross that waypoint at and
maintain 9000.
3. Press the Direct key, place the cursor
over the appropriate waypoint then press
VNAV. Key in 9000, ENTER, ENTER. If
the Direct FPA is greater than 6.0
degrees the system will not go into Path
Descent. If the FPA is less than 6.0
press ENTER one more time. The page
will change to VNAV Pg. 1 and the VERT
DEV field will start at 0 then increase
because you are not descending.
41
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 7
ACARS/AFIS OPERATIONS
Page 1 of 2
General Information:
ACARS/AFIS (Airborne Flight Information System) provides integrated flight
planning and performance interfaces to the GNS-XL/XLS. ACARS/AFIS
interfaces with ARINC, SITA, AVICOM and Air Canada VHF networks and the
Inmarsat satellite network to provide the communication link between the aircraft
and the Global Data Center (GDC).
ACARS/AFIS consists of the following components:
• The Global Data Center, which is a computer facility that processes the data
• The Data Transfer Unit (DTU) is 3.5” Floppy drive aboard the aircraft. Data
from disks that are inserted into the DTU can be read by and transferred to
the FMS
• The Data Management Unit (DMU) is the on board computer that
communicates and processes the information between the FMS and the
GDC
ACARS/AFIS Operations:
The simulator has limited AFIS capability but may be used for familiarization.
The system is very easy to use because everything is menu driven. The first AFIS
page has 8 menu items. To select a menu item, LS the cursor over the desired
menu item number and press the ENTER key. Key in the appropriate information
then press ENTER. To transmit the information to the GDC cursor over the
Transmit Request prompt at the bottom of the screen then press ENTER.
When the message is received DATA CENTER AK will be displayed on the
System Messages page. When the response is received the MSG light will
illuminate and a message relating to the request will be displayed on the System
Messages page. Return to the AFIS Menu page, cursor over the appropriate item
then press ENTER. For terminal weather cursor over the airport ID then ENTER.
Read the weather on the screen. To page through the weather press the NXT or
PRV key.
42
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 7
ACARS/AFIS OPERATIONS
Page 2 of 2
ACARS/AFIS Operations - continued
If a flight plan has been run through the GDC it will have a Recall number. Select
menu item 5 then enter the recall number in the FPL - # field then Transmit
Request.
When sending an AFIS MSG, enter the name of the party that the message is
going to and press ENTER. Enter who the message is from (the airplane flight or
“N” number) then press ENTER. Enter the FAX, PC or Phone number in the #
field then press enter. Key-in the message as desired. If an error is made while
keying in the message the PRV and NXT keys will move the cursor left of right.
The ENTER or LS-2L will move the cursor down. LS-1L will move the cursor up.
The BACK key will delete individual letters in the message.
The system has Pre-Departure Clearance capability. Simply key-in PDC then the
airport ID then Transmit Request. To obtain ATIS at airports that are digital ATIS
capable, key-in ATIS then the airport ID then Transmit Request.
Pre Programmed Messages may also be used when the same or similar
messages are repeatedly sent. See Section 7 of the Operator’s Manual for
further details.
Item 8 on the AFIS Menu is for selecting operating modes. Pressing the BACK
key while the cursor is over a specific field will turn a function on or off once the
ENTER key is pressed. The Back key may also be used to select AUTO, OFF or
ON for a selected VHF network once the ENTER key is pressed.
43
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 8
ABNORMAL INDICATIONS, CAUSE, EFFECT and RESPONSE
Page 1 of 5
General Information:
Most abnormal indications associated with the FMS will cause the FMS MSG
Light to illuminate. The associated message will be displayed on either the
System or Sensor Messages page. Press the MSG key once to view the System
Messages page or twice to view the Sensor Messages page.
Following is a list of abnormal indications, the cause, the effect and the response
to the indications:
• TAS FAIL Message
– CAUSE - True Airspeed input to the FMS no longer exists.
– EFFECT - Wind direction and speed are not displayed.
– RESPONSE - Check that the Air Data Computer (ADC) circuit breaker
(CB) is in. Reset one time if applicable.
• ALT FAIL Message
– CAUSE - Altitude input to the FMS no longer exists.
– EFFECT - VNAV is Invalid. No VNAV information will be available.
GPS altitude aiding is not available. RAIM will not be available if only 4
satellites are in view. Erroneous DME slant range corrections may be
provided to the VPU.
– RESPONSE - Check that the ADC CB is in. Monitor the VPU for
possible position errors. Be aware that Non-precision approach
capability may be limited.
• POSITION WARN>1.7NM Message
– CAUSE - The FMS position may not meet the Terminal area accuracy
requirements.
– EFFECT - This is an advisory message only.
– RESPONSE - Use an alternate navigation source in the Terminal area.
44
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 8
ABNORMAL INDICATIONS, CAUSE, EFFECT and RESPONSE
Page 2 of 5
General Information - continued
• NO RAIM Message
– CAUSE - Currently the GPS has insufficient satellites with adequate
geometry to provide integrity monitoring.
– EFFECT - The FMS will switch to using all available sensors for
position keeping. If NO RAIM occurs at a point greater than 2 miles
from the FAF, APPROACH WARN will appear on the System
Messages page and the NAV flag on the HSI will be in view..
– RESPONSE - Use other means to fly non-precision approaches. If NO
RAIM occurs while on the final approach course at a point greater than
2 miles from the FAF a missed approach must be executed. To pull the
NAV flag on the HSI and continue using the FMS for guidance it will be
necessary to press the MSG key then CANCEL the Approach using the
ENTER key. If other means of navigation are available to continue the
approach then a missed approach procedure is not necessary.
• NO RAIM @ DEST
– CAUSE - The system is predicting that RAIM will not be available at the
destination based on the current ground speed and ETA.
– EFFECT - FMS/GPS approach capability may not be available at the
destination.
– RESPONSE - Plan on using some other means to execute a nonprecision approach. Use Plan Pg. 2 to compute when RAIM will be
available. Adjust the ground speed accordingly to arrive at the
destination when RAIM is available.
45
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 8
ABNORMAL INDICATIONS, CAUSE, EFFECT and RESPONSE
Page 3 of 5
General Information - continued
• ACCURACY WARN Message
– CAUSE - RAIM has detected a range or timing error from a satellite that
caused a horizontal position error. The position error has exceeded the
warning threshold for the current phase of flight.
– EFFECT - If on a GPS non-precision approach at a point greater than 2
miles from the FAF but less than 30 miles from the airport, an
APPROACH WARN message will appear and the NAV flag will be in
view on the HSI.
– RESPONSE - If the FMS is DR use other means to navigate. Use
other means to fly non-precision approaches. If APPROACH WARN
occurs at a point greater than 2 miles from the FAF but less than 30
miles from the airport, a missed approach must be executed. To pull
the NAV flag on the HSI and continue using the FMS for guidance it will
be necessary to press the MSG key then CANCEL the Approach using
the ENTER key. If other means of navigation are available to continue
the approach a missed approach procedure may not necessary.
• APPROACH WARN Message
– CAUSE - A Non-precision approach has been programmed in the
Active flight plan, the airplane is at a point greater than 2 miles from the
FAF but less than 30 miles form the airport and either the GPS is in DR
or RAIM is not available.
– EFFECT - The NAV flag will be in view on the HSI .
– RESPONSE - If the FMS is DR use other means to navigate. Use
other means to fly non-precision approaches. If APPROACH WARN
occurs at a point greater than 2 miles from the FAF but less than 30
miles from the airport, a missed approach must be executed. To pull
the NAV flag on the HSI and continue using the FMS for guidance it will
be necessary to press the MSG key then CANCEL the Approach using
the ENTER key. If other means of navigation are available to continue
the approach a missed approach procedure may not necessary.
46
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 8
ABNORMAL INDICATIONS, CAUSE, EFFECT and RESPONSE
Page 4 of 5
General Information - continued
• GPS DR Message
– CAUSE - The GPS has insufficient satellites to navigate.
– EFFECT - If available the system reverts to other sensors for position
information. If GPS is the sole navigation sensor, the system will be in
DR (Dead Reckoning) using TAS and Heading inputs to navigate. The
NAV flag on the HSI will be visible. GPS Non-precision approach
capability is unavailable.
– RESPONSE - Use other means to fly non-precision approaches. If
GPS DR occurs during a GPS approach, execute the appropriate
missed approach procedure using some other navigation source or the
TAS/Heading inputs from the FMS.
• GPS LINK FAIL Message
– CAUSE - Data exchange between the GPS and the CDU has failed.
– EFFECT - No information associated with the GPS is available. If GPS
is the only sensor the FMS will be in DR.
– Response - Use other means to navigate. No other action is required.
• SENSOR MISCOMPARE Message
– CAUSE - A sensor’s position differs from the FMS position by more
than an allowable amount.
– EFFECT - A sensor malfunction exists and the FMS position may be in
error.
– Response - Identify the bad sensor by checking for a poor Quality
Factor, a bad HDOP or compare the sensor position to a known ground
reference point. Deselect the bad sensor.
47
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
ABNORMAL PROCEDURES
MODULE 8
ABNORMAL INDICATIONS, CAUSE, EFFECT and RESPONSE
Page 5 of 5
General Information - continued
• GPS Stays in Acquisition Mode
– CAUSE - The GPS has experienced a momentary loss of power or low
voltage.
– EFFECT - The screen blanks momentarily but the display returns to the
same screen. The GPS goes to DR and remains in DR.
– RESPONSE - Turn the FMS off by pressing and holding the ON key.
Turn the system on again. Go to NAV Pg. 4 and view the GPS
Subsection to check on the GPS’s progress. If the GPS does not return
to NAV within 3 or 4 minutes turn the system off then on again. Use
other means to navigate until the GPS returns.
• Power Interruption Greater than 7 Seconds
– CAUSE - Loss of 28 volts to the system.
– EFFECT - The screen blanks until power is restored. When the display
returns the system will go through Self Test the initialization page will
appear. The Active flight plan is lost and all sensors will restart.
– Response - Re-initialize the system. Reload the Active flight plan.
Once GPS returns the FMS position can be updated quickly using the
position update procedure outlined in the Operator’s Manual. Update to
the GPS position.
48
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
NORMAL PROCEDURES
FINAL EXAM
Page 1 of 1
The Flight Plan:
The flight plan will be from Orange County California (KSNA) to Prescott Arizona
(KPRC) via the MUSEL 5 Departure, TRM Transition, PKE, VOR Approach RW11
D259J Transition at KPRC. The SID and Approach plates for this flight plan are
located in the back of the workbook.
You will receive clearances at points along the route to go Direct to a waypoint, fly
a Heading to Intercept a course, program a holding pattern and fly to an Offset
waypoint. There will also be a clearance to cross a waypoint at an altitude. At the
end of the flight plan you will execute a missed approach at the MAP using the
FMS Heading Mode and the Direct TO functions back to the missed approach
holding waypoint at DRK. Finally, you will program the RNAV RW21 at KPRC
and establish the airplane on course Direct To PUROO intersection. Once the
airplane is established on course you are finished.
There will be quite a bit of simulator manipulation required. You will “click on” and
“close” the FMS, the HSI, Altitude Preselector and the Mode Controller Panel
(MCP) displays. You will also be setting the preselected altitude and arming
VNAV. You will want to click to enlarge and close between the FMS and the HSI
to help with your situational awareness.
The FAST key may be used to speed up the flight on some of the longer legs.
Make sure you give yourself plenty of time to perform the different functions. If
you get behind use the PAUSE button or the Direct To function to go back to the
previous waypoint and try again.
The simulator, like all simulators, is much harder to use than the airplane. If you
can do it here the airplane will be easy. HERE WE GO. GOOD LUCK!
49
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
FINAL EXAM
Page 1 of 2
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Turn the system on. Initialize the system
position to KSNA and display the Stored
flight plan list page. Bring up the NEXT
FPL available in the list. and build the
flight plan described in Module 7.
Complete the system initialization. Close
FMS. Click on the FAST key to turn
FAST off. Click on HSI. Click on HSI
button once to bring up the map mode.
Click on RNG up to scale map at 20nm.
Close HSI. Click on FMS. Key-in fuel
and weight in the Plan section. 20,000
Remaining, 3000 Reserve, BOW 74,000,
payload 6000. Close FMS. Click on HSI.
Set Take-off power. After 1 minute
reduce power to fly at about 190 kts.
2. After MUSEL fly Heading 030. Click on
HSI. After 2 minutes Cleared Direct TRM.
Hold West of TRM 234 radial, left turns 10
mile legs. Once the hold data is entered
use FAST until 10nm from TRM. Close
FMS, Click on HSI.
1. The system turns on. KSNA is keyed-in the
IDENT field. The NEXT FPL available
procedure is used to bring up an empty, working
Stored flight plan. Key-in KSNA ENTER,
ENTER. LS-4L cursor to Depart, ENTER. LS-4L
cursor to TRM, ENTER, Select prompt, ENTER.
Key-in PKE, ENTER, ENTER. Key-in KPRC,
ENTER, ENTER. LS-5L cursor to Approach,
ENTER. RW11, ENTER. D259J, ENTER.
Select prompt, ENTER. LS-5R cursor Select
prompt, ENTER. NAV key to Nav page 1.
ENTER, ENTER, ENTER. PLAN key and LS-2R
data and ENTER all three fields. PRV key and
LS-3R data and ENTER. Click and drag power
levers to full power
3. Before the end of the first time around the
hold do an AUTO Exit from the Hold on
NAV pg. 1 and proceed to the TRM 050
Radial at 30nm, then to PKE as filed.
CLOSE FMS, Click on HSI.
3. For AUTO exit, LS-1R cursor MANUAL, BACK,
ENTER. LS-2L cursor PKE. Key-in TRM ∗,
ENTER. Key-in 50, ENTER, 300, ENTER,
ENTER. TRM ∗ is followed by PKE in the flight
plan.
4. Cross PKE at and maintain 16,000.
Program a 3.0 FPA to cross PKE at
16,000. Leave the FMS page display on
VNAV pg. 1. At TRM∗ set the Preselector
to 16,000. Click on the MCP and Arm
VNAV after setting the Preselector. Click
on HSI.
4. VNAV key twice. LS-2L cursor PKE, ENTER.
Key-in 160, ENTER, ENTER, 3.0 ENTER,
ENTER. Verify G to the right of 16,000
indicating a glide path is programmed.
5. 20 miles from D259J you get a clearance to
descend now to cross Dilly at 9000. Set the
preselector to 9000 and Arm VNAV on the
MCP. Use the Direct VNAV function to
make this crossing restriction. Once the
VNAV is programmed go to NAV pg. 1 and
note the display. Close FMS and click on
HSI then decrease RNG for a better view of
the ARC. Prior to DILLY, set the preselector
to 5100. Click on HSI to view the approach.
5, After the preselector and MCP are set Direct key
LS-2R, VNAV, ENTER. The direct FPA has
been programmed, the system is in Path
Descent mode and Vert Dev is displayed on the
HSI.
2. Click on FMS. HDG key, key-in 30, ENTER,
ENTER. Direct key, LS-4L cursor over TRM,
ENTER. LS-2L cursor TRM on NAV pg. 1. Hold
key. Key-in 054,ENTER. LS-3R cursor RIGHT,
BACK key, ENTER. LS-4R cursor LEG DIS.
Key-in 100, ENTER, ENTER.
50
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
FINAL EXAM
Page 2 of 2
PILOT ACTION
SYSTEM RESPONSE
6. At 11PRCB, execute the missed approach
procedure. Set go-around power and the
Preselector to 9000, MCP to Climb mode
then Climbing left turn back to DRK and
Hold. Climb maintain 9000. Use the
Heading Mode to start the left turn then
the Direct TO function. Click on HSI.
6. Preselector set 9000. Click on FMS. HDG key,
key-in L300, ENTER, ENTER. After established
in the turn, press Direct, then ENTER, ENTER
then hold at DRK.
7. After entering the Hold click on FMS. Select
the RNAV RW21 approach at KPRC. When
the approach has been entered successfully
and the airplane is proceding on course you
will have completed the Final Exam.
7. FPL key,LS-5L twice, ENTER. LS-1R, LS-2R
twice, LS-1R. LS-3L cursor, ENTER. Select
prompt ENTER. When inbound to DRK, Direct
To key, LS-2R cursor DRK, ENTER. That’s it!
CONGRATULATIONS!!!
51
GNS-XLS TRAINING
PROGRAM
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Before beginning make sure that AFIS/ACARS is turned off (red dot not showing) on
the SETUP screen of the simulator. Once the system is initialized, all actions will
begin from NAVIGATION Pg. 1. Read each instruction carefully then perform the
required task. The number of key presses required to accomplish each task is the
same as the number of blank keys shown after each instruction. Fill in the empty
keys with the appropriate key label in the order the key presses must occur.
Pressing the same key more than once may be required and counts as another key
press. In this case, fill in the next blank key with the same label.
Turn the system on. Key-in KSNA in the IDENT field. Complete the position
initialization. Use the PRV or NXT to cycle through the Flight Plan List until you find
the KSNA to KPRC flight plan. (This flight plan should be in the flight plan list from
previous workbook exercises. If it isn’t in the flight plan list, refer to the Final Exam
in the workbook for the flight plan then load that flight plan in the system. Line
Select the cursor over the KSNA to KPRC flight plan number press ENTER, then
cursor over the SELECT prompt and ENTER. Press the NAV key then ENTER,
ENTER. On the simulator the FR field on the FMS should be displaying KSNA. The
TO field should be displaying MUSEL.
INSTRUCTION 1 - Add a Holding Pattern (HP) that will have a Direct Entry, at the
current TO waypoint on the Navigation Pg.
1
2
3
5
1
4
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 2 - Using the Direct TO function, go Direct To the current TO waypoint
and cancel the HP at the TO waypoint.
1
2
3
5
2
4
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 3 - Insert an Offset waypoint between TRM and PKE. Designate the
Offset Waypoint as the PKE 285 degree Radial at 22 NM.
1
2
3
4
FPL
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 3 - CONTINUED
13
14
15
17
Go to NAV Pg. 1
4
16
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 4 - Change the Approach at KPRC from the VOR RW11 to the RNAV
RW21.
1
2
3
5
4
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 5 - Check the simulator SETUP and make sure that the A/P is selected
Auto On so that the airplane will take-off and climb. Push the power levers forward
for take-off. Once HEMET is the TO waypoint, you receive a clearance to fly a 20
degree heading to intercept the TRM 280 Radial, TRM, flight planned route.
Accomplish an FMS Heading Intercept to comply with this clearance. Change the
MAN leg change mode back to AUTO after completing the Heading Intercept. You
may go to FAST Mode until 20 miles from TRM then go back to normal and proceed
to the next instruction.
1
2
3
4
2
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
6
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 6 - 15 miles West of TRM you receive a clearance to descend now to
cross 20 miles East of TRM at 14,000 FT. Accomplish a Vertical Direct To TRM+20
at 14,000 FT. Use only 3 digits when entering the altitude.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Return to NAV Pg. 1
7
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 7 - Change the time in the TO field on NAV Pg. 1 to ALT.
1
2
3
Instruction 8 - After passing TRM you receive a clearance to proceed after PKE,
via V135 EED, flight planned route. Add EED to the flight plan via the Airway.
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
FPL
5
8
GNS-XL/XLS FINAL EXAM
Instruction 8 - CONTINUED
1
2
3
THE END
9