Cardiovasc
ular
SystemResponse
to
Exercise
Exercise and Health
Physiology
What is
cardiovascular
system?
• Your heart and many blood vessels in your body make
up your cardiovascular system or circulatory system.
• Your heart uses the far-reaching, intricate network of
blood vessels to deliver oxygen and other necessary
things to your whole body.
• This network also removes the things your body
doesn’t need and takes them to organs that can get rid
of the waste.
What does the
cardiovascular
system do?
• Ensure body gets oxygen and
nutrients and get rid of
waste
• Heart moves blood throughout
the body all the time
• Veins bring blood to your
heart and arteries carry
blood away from the heart
Activity: Research a
condition/disease
associated with CV
system
• In groups of 3-4, research about one
condition/disease
• Present back to class the following
info:
• Details about the condition – what
is it?
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk factors (how are you more
likely to get this)
• Diagnosis
• Management/treatment
Two important circulation
processes
Pulmonary circulation
• Blood without oxygen comes into the right
heart and is sent to the lungs to get
of carbon dioxide. Then the oxygenated
through the left side of your heart.
Systemic circulation
• Blood that has just gotten oxygen from the
returned through your heart’s left side is
the rest of your body’s cells so they can
and nutrients. The cycle starts again when
oxygen goes to the right side of your heart.
What are the common conditions
and disorders related to the
cardiovascular system?
Common cardiovascular problems include these heart problems:
• Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm)
• Heart attack
• Heart valves don’t work right
• Heart failure (weakness in the ability of your heart to pump).
• Other cardiovascular problems happen in your blood vessels, such as:
• Aneurysm
• Stroke
• Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries).
• Vascular diseases (diseases involving blood vessels).
What are some common signs or
symptoms of cardiovascular
system conditions?
Signs of a heart problem include:
• Chest pain
• Pain in your upper body.
• Shortness of breath
• Lightheadedness.
• Signs of a stroke include:
• Weakness in your arm.
• Drooping in your face.
• Speech that is hard to understand.
What can I do to help
my cardiovascular
system function well?
• Exercising regularly
• Controlling high blood pressure
• Controlling high cholesterol
• Quitting smoking and using tobacco
products
• Eating heart-healthy foods
• Staying at a healthy weight
• Keeping your blood sugar at a
normal level.
Responses vs adaptation
• Responses – short term change in physiological
function
• Short term
• Physiology
• Function
• Adaptation – long term change in anatomical
structure
• Long term
• Anatomy
• Structure
Responses
Anticipatory response
Increased heart rate
Increased cardiac output
Increased blood pressure
Redirection of blood flow
Anticipatory responses
• Sympathetic Nervous system response
• Adrenaline is released: Fight or Flight
response
• Physiological Preparation
Increased heart rate
• Resting HR around 70bpm
• ”Tachycardia”
• Medulla oblongata responds to
CO2 in blood
• Causes SA Node to increase
impulse frequency
Increased cardiac output
• Cardiac Output (Q) = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
• The volume of blood being pumped by a single
ventricle of the heart
• Litres per minute
• Stroke volume only increases slightly
Increased blood pressure
• Pressure of the
blood against the
walls of blood
vessels
• Systolic: highest
pressure
• Diastolic: lowest
pressure
• Normal is 120/80
Redirection of
blood flow
• Oxygen demand rises during
exercise
• Blood is diverted from less
essential functions
• Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Adaptations
Heart Size
Stroke volume (SV)
Resting heart rate
(RHR)
Cardiac output (Q)
Blood pressure
(BP)
Heart size
• The muscular walls
of the heart
increase in
thickness,
particularly in the
left ventricle,
providing a more
powerful
contraction.
• The left ventricles
internal dimensions
increase as a
Stroke Volume
• The increase in size of the heart enables the
left ventricle to stretch more and thus fill
with more blood. The increase in muscle wall
thickness also increases the contractility
resulting in increased stroke volume at rest
and during exercise, increasing blood supply to
the body.
Resting Heart rate
• As cardiac output
at rest remains
constant the
increase in stroke
volume is
accompanied by a
corresponding
decrease in heart
rate.
Cardiac output
• The volume of blood being pumped by a single
ventricle of the heart
• Cardiac output increases significantly during
maximal exercise effort - this results in
greater oxygen supply, waste removal and hence
improved endurance performance.
Blood pressure
• People with blood pressure in the ‘normal’
ranges experience little change in BP at rest
or with exercise; however hypertensive people
find that their BP’s reduce towards normal as
they do more exercise.
• This is due to a reduction in total peripheral
resistance within the artery, and improved
condition and elasticity of the smooth muscle
in the blood vessel walls.
Kahoot Quiz
Doping in
Sports
• “Doping” refers to the
use of banned
substances in
competitive sports.
• Performance enhancing
drugs (PEDs) is
another term used to
for drugs used by
athletes to improve
their athletic
performance.
Examples of PED’s in sports
Stimulants
Anabolic
steroids
Blood doping
Beta blockers
Debate!
• Should PEDs be allowed in
sports?
• Team 1: PED’s Should be
allowed
• Team 2: PED’s should be
banned
PED’s Debate
Team 1: Should be allowed
Team 2: Should be banned