HISTOLOGY
SEROUS GLAND (PAROTID)
Darkly stained serous acini with narrow
lumen
Round, centrally placed nuclei in the
serous cells
Well developed duct system
MUCOUS GLAND (SUBLINGUAL GLAND)
Lightly stained mucous acini with large
lumen
Flat, peripheral nuclei in the mucous
cells
Poorly developed duct system
MIXED GLAND
Both darkly stained serous and lightly
stained mucous acini
Serous demi lunes
Moderately developed duct system
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Bundles of parallel collagen fibres
Rows of tendon cells (fibrocytes)
between the fibre bundles
Less amount of ground substance
LOOSE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Few loosely arranged collagen and
elastic fibres
Large number of connective tissue
cells (fibroblasts, fibrocytes , mast
cells etc)
Large amount of ground substance
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Empty space in each fat cells give honey
comb appearance (empty space is due
to dissolution of fat droplets)
Thin rim of cytoplasm and eccentrically
placed nuclei
Lobules separated by septa
WHITE FIBRO CARTILAGE
Presence of dense collagen fibres
Presence of chains of chondrocytes
(of similar size) between the collagen
bundles
Absence of perichondrium
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Elastic fibres in the matrix (non
homogenous)
Closely placed chondrocytes with
eccentric nuclei
Perichondrium covering the
cartilage
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Homogenous basophilic matrix
(territorial and interterritorial
matrix)
Isogenous group (cell nests) of
chondrocytes
Perichondrium covering the cartilage
CANCELLOUS (SPONGY BONE)
Presence of bony trabeculae separated
by marrow space containing bone
marrow
Absence of Haversian system and
lamellar arrangement
Presence of osteoblast and osteoclast
on the surface of bony trabeculae
Osteocytes are found embedded in the
bony matrix of the trabeculae
COMPACT BONE (DECALCIFIED SECTION)
Haversian system with Haversian
canals and concentric lamellae of
bony matrix
Interstitial lamellae
Osteocytes between lamellae of
bones
COMPACT BONE (GROUND SECTION)
Haversian systems with Haversian canal
and concentric lamellae of bony matrix
Interstitial lamellae
Lacunae and radiating canaliculi
Volkman ‘s canal
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Cross striations with dark A band and
light I band (less prominent)
Single , oval centrally placed nuclei
Intercalated discs
Short branching fibres
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Cross striations showing dark A band
and light I band (more prominent)
Many, flat, peripheral nuclei
Long , parallel , cylindrical fibres without
branching
LYMPH NODE
Lymphatic nodules in the cortex
Subcapsular sinus
Medullary cords and sinuses in
medulla
Thin capsule
TONSIL
Crypts lined by stratified squamous
epithelium
Sub epithelial lymphatic nodule
Mucous glands
SPLEEN
White pulp (lymphatic nodule)
traversed by central arteriole
Red pulp containing splenic cords
and sinusoids
Thick capsule and trabeculae
THYMUS
Many lobules of lymphatic tissue
Darkly stained cortex and lightly
stained medulla in each lobule
Hassal ‘s corpuscles in the medulla
MEDIUM SIZED ARTERY
Well developed internal elastic
lamina thrown into folds
Thick tunica media containing lot of
muscle fibres
LARGE ARTERY
Thick tunica media containing elastic
fibres
Thick tunica intima due to well
developed subendothelial layer
Vasa vasorum
SENSORY GANGLION (DORSAL ROOT GANGLION)
Groups of round unipolar neurons of
varying size
Well defined satellite cells
Centrally placed nuclei in the
perikaryon
MOTOR GANGLION (SYMPATHETIC GANGLION)
Small scattered, angular shaped
multipolar neurons of uniform size
Poorly defined satellite cells
Eccentrically placed nuclei in the
perikaryon
CEREBRUM
CEREBELLUM
THIN SKIN (HAIRY SKIN)
Thin epidermis made up of keratinised
stratified squamous epithelium (stratum
corneum is thin)
Hair follicles and sebaceous gland
Sweat gland in dermis
THICK SKIN (NON HAIRY SKIN)
Thick epidermis made up of keratinised
stratified squamous epithelium (thick
stratum corneum)
Absence of hair follicles and sebaceous
gland
Presence of sweat gland in dermis
TONGUE – (FILIFORM AND FUNGIFORM PAPILLA)
Conical shaped filiform papilla
Mushroom shaped fungiform papilla
cover with
Stratified squamous epithelium
Skeletal muscles running in different
directions
TONGUE (CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA)
Sunken inverted cone shaped papilla with
flat top lined by stratified squamous
epithelium
Numerous taste buds on the lateral wall of
papilla
Deep trench around the papilla
Von Ebner's gland (serous)
Skeletal muscle running in different
direction
OESOPHAGUS
Stratified squamous epithelium
Oesophageal gland(mucous gland) in the
submucosa
Thick muscularis mucosa
Skeletal muscle in upper 1/3
Muscularis externa
Skeletal and smooth muscle in middle 1/3
Smooth muscle in lower 1/3
STOMACH - FUNDUS
Shallow gastric pits lined by simple
columnar epithelium
Long tubular fundic glands in lamina
propria
Chief and parietal cells in the fundic gland
Muscularis externa showing 3 layers of
smooth muscles (inner oblique, middle
circular and outer longitudinal)
STOMACH (PYLORUS)
Deep gastric pits lined by simple
columnar epithelium
Pyloric glands (mucous) in lamina propria
Pyloric sphincters (thickened middle
circular layer of smooth muscle)
DUODENUM
Short leaf like intestinal villi lined by
simple columnar epithelium with goblet
cells
Brunner ‘s gland in the submucosa
Crypts of Lieberkühn
JEJUNUM
Presence of long club shaped
intestinal villi lined by simple columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
Absence of Brunner’ s gland
Absence of Peyer’ s patches
ILEUM
Short slender finger like intestinal villi
lined by simple columnar epithelium with
goblet cells
Peyer’s patches (lymphoid aggregations)
in submucosa
COLON
Absence of intestinal villi
Presence of more crypts of Lieberkühn
with large number of goblet cells
Presence of well defined muscularis
mucosa
Presence of teniae coli
VERMIFORM APPENDIX
Few crypts of Lieberkühn lined by simple
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Lymphatic nodules with lamina propria
Absence of intestinal villi
Small angular lumen compared to thick
wall
PANCREAS
Presence of darkly stained serous
acini
Presence of lightly stained islets of
Langerhans
Presence of Centro acinar cells
Absence of striated ducts
LIVER
Polygonal hepatic lobules
Portal triad (containing hepatic artery ,
portal vein and bile duct)
Central vein in the centre of the lobule
Radiating hepatic cords and sinusoids
from central vein
GALL BLADDER
Lined by simple tall columnar epithelium
which is thrown into folds
Presence of fibro muscular layer
Absence of muscularis mucosa and
submucosa
LUNGS
Pulmonary alveoli giving honeycomb
experience lined by
Simple squamous epithelium
Bronchi , bronchioles, and respiratory
bronchioles
TRACHEA
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
with goblet cells
Hyaline cartilage (c shaped)
Tracheal glands (mixed)
EPIGLOTTIS
Elastic cartilage in the middle
Stratified squamous epithelium
on one surface
Stratified squamous or
pseudostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium on the
surface
THYROID
Thyroid follicles lined by cuboidal
epithelium
Thyroid follicles filled with colloid
(thyroglobulin)
Parafollicular cells or clear (c) cells
between thyroid follicle (some times
within the follicle)
PARATHYROID
Small basophilic chief cells in large
amount
Large eosinophilic oxyphil cells in
small amount
SUPRA RENAL (ADRENAL)
Cortex consist of zona
glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and
zona reticularis
Chromaffin cells and sympathetic
ganglion cells in the medulla
PITUITARY
Pars distalis containing chromophobes
and chromophils
Pars nervosa containing unmyelinated
nerve fibres and pituicytes
Pars intermedia separated from pars
distalis by hypophyseal cleft
TESTIS
Seminiferous tubule
Interstitial cells of Leydig
Spermatogenic cells at various stages of
maturation
PROSTATE GLAND
Prostatic urethra lined by
transitional epithelium
Fibro muscular stroma
Large irregular alveoli lined by
simple columnar epithelium
Corpora amylacia (prostatic
concretions)
SEMINAL VESICLE
Mucosa forms branching and
anastomosing folds
Simple columnar epithelium
Well developed muscle coat
VAS DEFERENS
Thick muscle coat made up of three layers
1.
2.
3.
Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
Small stellate lumen lined by
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with
stereocilia
Sperms in the lumen
EPIDIDYMIS
Ductus epididymis lined by
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
with stereocilia
Smooth muscle fibres surrounding
each ductus
Sperms in the lumen
UMBILICAL CORD
Two arteries and one vein
Wharton’s jelly (mucoid connective
tissue)
Amniotic epithelium
UTERUS
Highly cellular endometrium containing
cellular glands
Thick myometrium having thick middle
circular layer with many blood vessels
Simple columnar epithelium (partly
ciliated) lining the lumen
FALLOPIAN/UTERINE TUBE
Highly folded mucosa lined by simple
columnar ciliated epithelium
Cellular lamina propria
Thick inner circular muscle coat
PLACENTA
Chorionic villi cut at different planes
Intervillous space containing maternal
blood
Syncytiotrophoblast lining the villi
OVARY
Growing ovarian follicles at various
stages of maturation(primordial, primary,
secondary and Graafian follicles)
Germinal epithelium (simple cuboidal)
Tunica albuginea
Corpus albicans and atretic follicles
Corpus luteum (sometimes)
CORNEA
Stratified squamous epithelium (corneal
epithelium on the anterior surface)
Bowman’s membrane
Substantia propria
Descemet’s membrane
Simple squamous to cuboidal epithelium
(corneal endothelium on the posterior
surface)
RETINA
Inner limiting membrane
Nerve fibre layer
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Outer nuclear layer
Outer limiting membrane
Rods and cones
0
