AS 1163-1991
Australian Standard®
Structural
steel hollow sections
This A ustralian Standard was prepared by Committee BD/23, Structural. Steel. lt was
approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia Oft 30 August /99/ and
published on /5 November /991.
The following interests are represented Oft Committee BD/23:
Australian Chamber of M(l1!.ufac11trets
A ustralion. Institute of Steel Construction
AUSTROADS
Bureau of Steel M(l1!.1,jactltrets of A ustralia
Confetlerauon. of A ustralian Industry
Institute of Steel Service Centres of A ustrolia
Master Builders Construction. (11!d Housing A ssociauon. Australia
Metal Trodes Industry A ssociaiion of A ustralia
Railways of A ustralia Committee
Steel Reinforcement Institute of A ustralia
University of Queensland
University of Sydney
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mthout delay tn order lhat the matrer nay be ln=dgarod and approprlare action tak,n.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 90108.
AS 1163-1991
Australian
Standard®
Structural
steel hollow sections
First publi.vhed as AS A 177-1%9.
Revised and redesignatedAS /163-1973.
AS A 177 wilhdruwn 1976.
Second editfon AS I 163-1981.
Third edition 1991.
Tncmporating:
Arndt l-1992
Arndt 2-1996
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN O 7262 7109 8
PREFACE
This Standard
was prepared
by the Standards
Australia
Committee
on Structural
Steel IO supersede
AS ll63-/98/. This edition incorporates the [ollowing changes:
(a) The deletion of C200 and all H (hot-formed) grades. The inclusion of a. new cold-formed grade
C450 and. grades with guaranteed impact performance at (l'C, n1J111ely C250LO, C350LO and
C450LO.
In line with the above change, the tensile strengths of grades C250 and C350 are reduced 10 reflect
the properties obtained on cold-formed seciions.
(b) A revised table on chemical analysis.
(c) An amended table on minimum inside radius.
(d) A revised table on tensile test requirements.
(e) The deletion of the previous A ppendix B on rounding of numbers i11 lieu of reference IO AS 2706.
CONTENTS
Page
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
JO
II
12
/3
/4
/5
/6
17
/8
SCOPE...
. ...........•......•..................•.
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . • . . • .
. .....•........•.
DEFTNTTIONS . . . . . . . . .
. .....•.•.•......•..................•....
DESTGNATION ..................•........•.........•.•..•.•.•..
STEELMAKTNG PROCESS . .
. ......................•..
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
.
DTMENSTONS, MASS AND GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES .......•..........
DTMENSTONAL TOLERANCES
.
MASS TOLERANCE
.
FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS
.
REMOVAL OF SURFACE DEFECTS...........
. ......•..
REMOVAL OF UPSET
. .. .. . . .
. ..........•....
MECHANTCAL TESTTNG..
.
PREPARATION OFTEST PTECES FOR MECHANICAL TESTING
.
MECHANTCAL TEST REQWREMENTS . . . .
.
MECFIANTCAL PROPERTIES ........•..
ROUNDING OF NUMBERS
MARKING
APPENDICES
A
PURCHASTNG GUIDELINES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATTNG COMPLIANCE WITHTHTS STANDARD
C DTMENSIONS A ND PROPERTIES OF CROSS-SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D METHOD FOR VERTFYING GRADE LO COMPLIANCE OFTHIN WALL SECTTONS
.
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
7
.
7
8
8
8
JO
Tl
13
24
©Copyright-STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
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AS 116l-199l
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Structural s tee] hollow sections
1 SCOPE This S tandard specifies the requirements for cold-formed steel hollow sections for structural
purposes, for the six grades of steel IIUI/. are suitable for welding.
NOTES:
Far guidelines ,m information to be supplied at the time of enquiry or order, see Appendix A.
Alternative mea,u for deman,vtrat1'ng,:ompllance with thi:, Standardare given in Appendix B.
2 REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this S tandard:
AS
1050
1171
1199
1210
1213
1391
1399
1544
1544.2
1553
1554
1554.1
2084
3900
3904
Kl
TSO
2566
2566-1
Methods for the analysis of iron. and steel
Methods for magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic products and components
Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes
SA A Unfired Pressure Vessels Code
Iron. and steel- Methods of sampling
Methods for tensile testing of mewls
Guide JO AS I 199- Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by aurtbatc«
Methods for impact tests on metals
Part 2: Charpy V-notch
Covered electrodes for welding
SA A St ructural Steel Welding Code
Part I: Welding of steel structures
Non-destructive testi11g- Eddy current testing of metal tubes
Q"ality systems- Guide to selection and use
Qttality management and quality system elements
Methods for 1.he sampling and. analysis of iron and. steel
Steel- Conversion of elongation values
Part 1: Carbon and low allo» steels
Guide 44
General rules of TSO or !EC intemational Third-party certification schemes for products
3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
3.1 Batch- hollow sections of the same size, thickness and. grade manufactured from the same cast.
3.2 Cast analysis- chemical analysis determined from a test sample taken during casting.
3.3 Cold-formed hollow section-hollow sections [ormed. and shaped al ambient temperature [rom. a
single strip of steel, both edges of which are continuously welded by either the electric resistance or
submerged arc process.
3.4 Longitudinal direction-directi,>n parallel. IO the longitudinal weld.
3.5 Product analysis- chemical analysis determined from a lest sample of the [inished nuuerial.
3.6 Testing- mechanical and chemical analysis tests as required. by this S tandanl.
3.7 Test piece-piece preparedfor testing, made from a test specimen by a mechanical. operation.
3.8 Test sample-portion of material or product or a group of items selected from a batch. or group by
sampling.
3.9 Test specimen-portion or a single item taken [rom the test sample for the purpose of applying a
particular test.
3.10 Transverse direction-direction at right angles IO the longitudinal weld.
3.11 Unit- length. of hollow section.
4 DESIGNATION All grades shall be designated as follows:
Example: AS ll 63-C250LO
where
AS ll63
c
250
L
0
= number of this S tandard.
= cold-formed sections
= nominal. minimum yield strength of steel
= guaranteed impact properties of the material
= low temperaiure impact test al o•c
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AS 110--1991
S STEELMAKING PROCESS The steel shall be made to fine-grained continuously-cast practice.
6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
6.1 General The method of sampling for chemical analysis shall be in accordance witlr AS 1213.
Chemical composition shall be determined. in accordance with AS 1050 or AS Kl.
6.2 Cast analysis A chemical analysis of the steel from each cart shall be made to determine the
proportions of the specified elements.
The reported cast analysis of the steel from which a hollow section is manufactured sh,111 conform. to the
limits given in Table 1 for tire appropriate grade.
6.3 Product analysis The chemical analysis of the finished product is mJI a requirement of this Standard.
When the steel is subject 10 a product analysis, the analysis shall conform fl> the limits given in Table I
for the appropriate grade.
TABLE 1
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
('..-radts
(see Note 1)
C250
}
C250LO
C350
}
C350LO
C450
}
C450LO
Chemical composition (cast or product analysis) (see Note 2)
% max,
c
Si
Mn
p
s
Mo
Al
(see Note J)
Tl
~·Ocro-alloylng
elemeets
CE
(see Note 4)
0.12
0.05
0.50
0.04()
0.030
0.10
0.10
0.04
0.030
(see Note 6)
0.25
0.25
1.60
0.04()
0.030
0.10
0.10
0.15
(see Nme 7)
0.39
0./5
(see Note 7)
0.39
0.20
(:ute Nate 5)
0.20
0.45
1.60
0.04()
0.030
0.35
0.10
-
NOTES:
The use ofsulfitu! mfJd,'fi,·atfonsteelmaki'ngtechniqi,esfor these gmdes is pennihed.
The[ollowing eiemem« may he present to the lim irs .vtated, subjectto a total. 1.·rmtent t?( 0.3 percent:
(a) Copper:
0. 15 perc:errJ
(b)
Nickel:
0. 15 percent
(,:)
Chmmium:
0. 15 percent
3
Limits .vpec,:fied arefor soluble or f()tul aluminium.
4
Carb,m equivalent (CE) is ,:ulculatedfrmn thefollmving equatltm:
5
7
CB-C•
Mn• Cr•Mo•V.,
Ni•CU
6
S
15
At the discretion of the manufucturer, the carbon content (C) af grode.-r C350 and C350LO may be increased to 0.26 percent
provided all other requirementsarr met.
Applie.-r to niobium and wmndium <1nly. However ni<1bium greaterthan 0.0/0 pert:ent is not permitted.
AppUe.-rto niobium, vanadium and titanium only. However vanadium gn:ater than 0./0 percent is nor permitted.
7 DIMENSIONS, MASS AND GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES Appendix C gives dimensions, mass
and geometrical properties of common sizes of hollow sections produced in accordance with Table 1.
8 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
8.1 Length The maximum. permissible v ariauon in the length of a hollow section product specified as
exact or cut shall conform to the limits given in Table 2. When it is not specified at exact or cut, the
maximum permissible variation from the length is +JOO, -0 mm.
TABLE 2
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN LENGm
SPECIFIED AS EXACT OR CUT
Range of length
m
Maximum pcrndi!dble variation In fongtb
!. 14
+6
-0
+ 10
-0
Nat specif,'ed
[see Note}
mm
> 14 to S. 18
> 18
NOTE: Tolerancesshould be specified at tim e of order.
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AS 116l-199l
8.2 Cross-section The maximum permissible variation in the cross-sectional dimensions of a hollow
section shall conform to the appropriatelimits given i11 Figures I and 2.
A thickness tolerance of ±10 percent shall apply.
The radii of the comers of square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangularhollow secuons (RHS) shall be
as follows:
(a) Maximum outside radius:
3t
(b) Milli1111m1 outside radius:
J.5t (for RHS and SHS witb perimeter equal to 50 X 50 or less).
I.St (for R HS and SHS witb perimeter greaserthan. 50 X 50).
where tis the sec/ion thickness, in millimetres.
I
do
LJ
millimetres
Maximum permissible
variatic n in specified o uts ide
diameter
Specified cuts ide
diameter
(d.)
sso
+0.4
-0.8
:!0.01d.
>50
FIGURE 1 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN CROSS-SECTION OF
CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS
b
-----
,_ -
·L
r
Li
d
'------J
Outs ide dimension of side
(b) or (d)
Maximum permissible variation
in specified o uts ide dime ns io n
of side
Maximum permissible cut-ofsquare al coruera
mm
mm
±0.5
degree
sso
>50
:!0.01bor±0.01d
FIGURE 2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN CROSS-SECTION OF
SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS
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8.3 Straightness The maximum permissible variation from straightness in a length. of hollow section
product shall not exceed:
Speciliedlength
soo
8.4 Twist (rectangularsections) For rectangular hollow sections, the maximum value ofV (see Figure 3)
shall not exceed 2 mm plus 0.5 mm per metre length.
'
'--='=-~~~~--'-~~'v
FIGURE 3
MEASUREMENT OF TWIST OF RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS
9 MASS TOLERANCE
specified mass.
The mass of a length. of hollow section shall be 110/ less than. 0.96 times the
10 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS The section shall be free from lamination, surface flaws Clltd other
defects detrimemai to its use for structural purposes.
11 REMOVAL OF SURFACE DEFECTS
11.1 Grinding When removal. of surface defects by grinding is adopted, the ground areashall be well
flared and the remaining wall thickness in. the ground areashall. be not less than 90 percent of the nominal
thickness.
11.2 Depositing weld metal Welding used in the repair of sutface defects shall be petformed in
accordance with AS 1554.J, using low-hydrogen electrodes complying with AS 1553.
Welds shall be sound, the weld metal being thoroughly fused without undercutting or overlap. The weld
metal. shill/ project at least 1.5 mm above the rolled surjace and the projecting metal shall be removed by
grinding' [lush. with the rolled surface.
12 REMOVAL OF UPSET Hollow secuons produced by electric resistance welding shall have the
external 11p.,e1 removed.
13 MECHANICAL TESTING
13.1 General Test pieces for tensile tests, impact tests and cold flattening tests shali be taken from a
single test specimen.
Tes, pieces shall be in the same condition as the sections that they represent.
13.2 Orientationof test pieces
13.2.1 'Iensiletest and impact test The test piece shall. be cut such that the major axis is in the
longitudinal direction.
13.2.2 Cold flattening test The test piece shall be cul in the transverse direction.
13.3 Position and orientation of test piece
13.3.1 Tensile test and impact test The test piece shall be selected from. any position along the length of
the test specimen such. tha: the requirements of Clause 13.1 are complied with.
13.3.2 Cold flatteningtest A test piece shall be Ctll from one end of a test specimen which contains a
longitudinal weld.
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7
AS 1163-1991
14 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES FOR MECHANICAL TESTING
14.1 General 11 shall be permissible lo discard a test piece which shows defective machining or develops
flaws during preparauon and to submit another test piece.
14.2 Tensile test pieces
14.2.1 Form of test piece The tensile test piece shall be in the [orm. given in either Item. (a) or (b) below:
(a) A test piece with dimensions conforming to those specified in AS 1391, cut from the lest specimen.
The location of the test piece shall be at specified in Clause 14.2.2 or Clause 14.2.3, at appropriase.
(b) A length. of the [ull. section test specimen ..
The test piece shall be aged in accordance with Clause 14.4.
14.2.2 Circular hollow sections (CHS) The tensile test piece cut from a lest specimen shall not be
flattened between ga,,ge marks. For a lenglh of circular hollow section containing a longitudinal. weld,
the lest piece shall be taken from approximasely 90 degrees from. the weld.
14.2.3 Rectangular hollow sections (RIIS) The tensile test piece cut from a test specimen shall be taken
from any side midway between and excluding the comers. The test piece shall not include a longitudinal.
weld.
14.3 Impact test piece Three test pieces shall. be prepared from each specimen and cut parallel lo the
longitudinal axis of the hollow section, with the ads of the notch perpendicular to the rolled surface of
the section. For rectangular hollow sections, the test specimen shall be taken from the middle of either
the long or short side remote from the weld (see Figure 4). The test piece shall be prepared in accordance
with AS 1544.2 using, where necessary, the largest practicable subsidiary test piece. 11 shall be
permissible to discard a fest piece which shows defective machining or develops flaws and 10 submit
another test piece.
14.4 Ageing treatment Prior IO tensile or impact testing, the test pieces shall be aged by heating 10 a
temperature between 150"C and 2oo•c for a period not less than 15 min.
14.5 Cold flattening test The test piece shall be taken in the [orm of a cross-section from one end of
a finished lenglh of a circular hollow section which contains a longitudinal weld. The length of the test
piece shall be not less 1ha11 40 mm. A fl burrs shall be removed before tesung.
Alternative
positions
Notch
(al Circular
FIGURE 4
hollow section
(bl Rectangullf
hollow sec lion
POSITION OF TEST SPECIMEN ANO TEST PIECE NOTCH
LOCATION FOR IMPACT TEST
JS MECHANICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS
15.1 Tensile test The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with AS 1391. The rate of straining
when approaching the yield point shall lie within the highest range of strain rate given in AS 1391.
Elongasion results shall. be reported on a gauge length L. = 5.65fS. wheres. is the original cross-sectional
area Conversion. of results from a non-proportional gauge lengthshall. be in accordance with TSO 2566-1.
15.2 Impact test Impact tests shall be performed. at o•c in accordance with AS 1544.2.
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AS 110--1991
8
15.3 Cold flattening test The [lauening test piece shall be flauened at room temperature between two
parallel plane surfaces witb the weld located c« [ollows in relation to the direction of [lauening:
(a) Ford.!> 60 mm: at 45 degrees
(b) Ford.> 60 mm: al 90 degrees
where d, is the nominal outside diameter of the circular hollow section, in millimetres.
The test piece shall be flauened until the distance between the surfaces is 0. 75d•.
16 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
16.1 Tensile test When tested in accordance with. Clause 15.J, the yield strength, tensile strength and
elongation of the test piece shall conform. to the limits given i11 Table 3 for the appropriate grade.
16.2 Impact test When tested i11 accordance with Cla1L1·e 15.2, the absorbed energy value (J) resulting
from(a) each individual test; and
(b) the average of three tests;
shall conform to the specified values given in Table 4 for the appropriate grade.
16.3 Cold flattening test When tested in accordance with. Clause 15.3, a test piece taken from a circular
section with a longitudinal weld shall show no signs of cracks or flaws. Superficial ruptures arising from
surface impetfections shall not be cause for rejection.
TABLE 3
TENSILE TEST REQUIREMENTS
Grade
Ml nimum yield
<trtnglh
Minimum tensile.
strength
'Minimum cloogatton as a proportion or the.
gauge length of S.6s..Js.
percent
Circular hollow
C250, C250LO
C350, C350LO
C450, C450LO
SttlioDS
250
350
450
320
430
500
22
Reetangular hollow
sections
18
16
14
20
16
'
-c
I
--·
Ii
' II
Size or test piece
10 mmx10 mm
C250LO
,1
Minimum ab.<orbcd energy, .I
Test
temperature
Grade.
C450LO
MP a
TABLE 4
CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENTS
-
C350LO
MPa
LO mm x7.S mm
10 mm xS mm
Average of Individual Average. or lndivldoal Av•rage ol Individual
3 ltsL'i
3 tests
test
3 tests
test
test
JO mm x 2.S mm
Aveni;• of lndlfldWll
3 tests
test
0
27
20
22
16
18
/3
9
7
0
27
20
22
16
18
13
9
7
0
27
20
22
16
18
13
9
7
NOTE: F11r 10 x 10, 10 x 7.5, 10 x 5 or 10 x 2.5 mm test pit'u sizes where it i« not pnu:ti.t:al. to machlne from pmduct. it is
pennis.viblt' to designate the product as grade LO provided requirements specifiedin Appendix Dare met.
17 ROUNDING OF NUl\,IBERS
17.1 General For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this Standard is complied
with, the determined. value, observed or calculated, shall be rounded off in accordance with AS 2706. The
number of significant places retained in the rounded-off values shall be the same as that of the specified
value in the appropriate material Standard.
17.2 Tensile properties The determined value of tensile strength shall be rounded off to the nearest
JO MPa and the determined value of yield strength shall be rounded off to the nearest 5 MPa,
18 MARKING The material shall be marked or tagged (for bundles} (a) to identify the manufacturer;
(b) ft) indicate the grade of steel (see Clause 4);
(c) to enable product dimensions to be identified with this Standard; and
(d) with a serialized identification number.
COPYRIGHT
AS 116l-199l
Where marking is by means of die-stamping, low-stress stamps may be used.
NOT/ZS:
Manuja,:turers making a .vtatemenl of compliance with this A ustra/.ian Standard on a product, or on packaging or
prom(Jti<Jnalmaten'al.relat.ed ta that product. are advised to ensure that such complianceis ,:apable of being verified.
Tndependent certifit.:alionis available from Standard.v A u.vtrolia under the SJandardsMarlc. Product Certification Scheme.
The StandanlsMarlr., shown below. i:, a registered certificationtrade mark owned by Standards Australia and gmnted
under licence ta manufat:turer.r who.\'f!products comply with the requiremmt:r of suitable Australian Standards and who
operatt: sound quality ussunmce progmm.\' to ensure consistent pmdm:t quality.
Further information ,m product ,:enific«tion and the suitability of thi:, Standard far ,:ertificatllm is avaUable /mm
Standards Au.vtrulia's Qual.ity A.uuronce Services, I The Crescent, Homebush, N.S. W. 2140.
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10
APPENDIX A
PURCHASING GUIDELINES
{Informative]
Al INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIBD BY THE PURCHASER The purchaser should. supply the
following information at the time of enquiry or order, after making due referenceto the explanation, advice
and recommendasions contained in this Appendix:
(a) Designation of grade and Standard number.
(b) Qum,tity and delivery instructions (dates, schedules, delivery point}.
(c) Dimensions of steel, e.g .. section, length, mass per unit length applicable, bundle masses.
NOTE: Attention i,v drawn to the desirability ,if spedf)'lngcm:r.v-.vectimtal dimensions in terms of Appendix C. 11.vhould he
noted that ,'tize.v not listed in Appendi.t Care not precluded for spedfi',:aJimrpurposes. but are .vubjed to negotiation.
(d) Whether ates/ certificate or certificate of compliance is required (see Paragraph A3).
(e) A 11y informaiionconceming processing or end-use that the purchaser considers would be of assistance.
(!) Whether it is the intention of the purchaser to inspect the steel ta the manufacturer's works (.,ee
Paragraph A 4).
(g) Special.finish or coasing, e.g. galvanized.
(h) End finish:
(i)
Special. tolerances.
U) Any exceptions to the S tandard or any special or supplementary requirements, e.g. impact tesung at
-30°C for rolled over protection structure (ROPS).
(k)
ff impact testing other than that specified in this Standard is required, the test temperature; size of test
piece c111d minimum absorbed energy value resulting from(i) each individual. test; and
(ii) the average of three tests.
A2 SUPPLEMENTARY TESTS
A2.1 Non-destructive testing ff non-destructive testing is required by the purchaser; the test method to
be used. and the limits of acceptance should be determined al the time of enquiry or order.
The test method should be in accordance with AS 1171 and AS 2084, where appropriate.
A2.2 lndepeudeut test In the event of a dispute as to /he compliance of the steel with 1his Standard, the
purchaser and the supplier should agree to have referee testing carried 0111 by cu, independent laboratory,
whose results should be accepted as final. A laboratory registered by the N ational A ssociaiion of Testing
A uthoruies, A ustralia, for the field and class of testing, is recommended.
A3 CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE AND TEST CERTIFICATES
A3.1 Certificates of compliance
complies with Ihis S tandard.
Certificates of compliance include a statement thai the material.
A3.2 Test certificates Test certificates show Sl4Ch results as may be required by agreement between the
purchaser and the manufacturer, relating to=
(a) tests performed by the manufacturerfor the purpose of establishing compliance with this Standard;
and
(b) additional tests as agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer.
A4 INSPECTION ff it Lr the purchaser's interuion to undenake any of the following [unctions at the
manujacturer's works, this should be notified at the time of enquiry or order, and should. be accomplished
in a manner which will not interfere with. the operation of the works:
(a) Inspection of the product during manufacture.
(b) Witnessing of the selection and identificaiion of test samples.
(c)
Witnessing the tests being performed.
The manufacturer should afford the purchaser all reasonable [acilities to establish that the steel complies
with this Standard.
COPYRIGHT
II
AS 116>---1991
APPT?NDTX B
MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING
COMPLIANCE
WITH THIS STANDARD
{Informative]
Bl SCOPE This Appendix sets m11 the following different methods by which compliance with this
Standard can be demonstrated by the manufacturer or supplier:
(a) Assessment by means of statistical sampling.
(b) The use of Standards Australia's StandardsMarlc scheme.
(c) Assurance using the acceptability of the supplier's quality system.
(d) Other Sl4Ch means proposed by the manufacturer or supplier and acceptable 10 the customer.
B2 STATISTICAL SAMPLING Stoustical sampling is a procedure thm enables decisions to be made
about the quality of batches of items after inspecting or testing only a portion of those items. This
procedure will only be valid if the sampling plan has been determined 011 a suuistical basis and the
following requirements are met:
(a) The sample is drawn randomly [rom a popultuion. of product of known history that enables verificasion
that the product was made from known materials al essentially the same lime by essentially the same
processes and under essentially the same system of control.
(b) For each different siuuuion, a suitable sampling plan is defined. A sampling plan for one
manufacturer of given capability and product throughput may nm be relevant 10 another manufacturer
producing the same items.
In order for statistical sampling It> be meaningful. to the customer, the manufacturer or supplier needs to
demonstrate how the above conditions have been sasisfied. Sampling and. the establishment of asampling
plan should be carried out in accordance with AS 1199, guidance IO which is given in AS 1399.
B3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION-STANDARDSMARK The general purpose of StandardsMan<
certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the manufacturer that products comply
with the suued Australian or Intemationai Standard.
It is a. certification scheme that meets the criteria of an ISO Type 5 scheme as specified by ISO Guide 44
in that, as well a,full type 1estin.g from independently sampled production. and subsequent verification of
conformance, it requires the manufacturer M maintain an effective quality pl(IJ1 It> control production. IO
ensure conformance with the relevant Standard.
The Standardsbdarc serves It) indicate that the products consistently conform. to the requirements of the
Standard.
The S1a11dardsMark cttn. only be used by manufacturers approved and licensed by Standards A ustralia and
only when accompanied by the number of the applicable Standard.
B4 SUPPLffiR'S QUALITY SYSTEM IV here the manufacturer or supplier can demonstrate an audited
(IJ1d registered quality management sys/em complying with the requirements i1f the appropriate or stipultued
Australian or Intemational Standard for suppliers' quality systems, such demonstration may provide the
necessary confidence that the specified requirements will be met. The quality assurance requirements need
It> be agreed between the customer and supplier and should include a quality or inspection and test plan
It> ensure product conformity.
Guidance in determining the appropriate quality management sys/em is given in AS 3900 and AS 3904.
OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT lf the above methods are considered inappropriate,
determinauon. of compliance with the requirements of this S tandard may be assessed on the basis of the
results of testing coupled with the manufacturer's guarantee of product conformance.
BS
Irrespective of acceptable quality levels (A QLs) or tesi frequencies, the responsibility remains with the
manufacturer or supplier to deliver products thai conform with the full requirements of the Standard.
To assess compliance with this specification, consideration may be given to the results of testing ill
accordance with Paragraphs B5.1, B5.2 and B5.3.
BS.1 Sampling of tensile test, impact test and cold flattening test Test samples should be taken as
follows:
(a) One sample for a batch 1101 exceeding 50 tonnes.
(b) One additional sample from the balance of the batch.
COPYRIGHT
12
BS.2 Compliance Each batch complies with this Standard if all of the samples tested give results which
are within the specified limits.
1f any of the properties of the tested samples give results outside the specified limits, the requirements of
Paragraph 85.3 apply.
BS.3 Retests
BS.3.1 Tensile test and cold flattening test If a. retest is carried out, one or more of the [allowing
procedures should be adopted:
(a) Make two additional tests on test pieces from samples taken from a position as near as practical to
the failed sample. The unit complies with this Standard provided both. additionai test pieces comply
with Clauses 16. I and /6.3 as appropriate.
(b) Make 1wo test samples al random from the remainder of the test batch. If the lest pieces from both
additional samples comply with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 at appropriate, the remainder complies with
this Standard.
If one of these additional samplesfails to comply, the steel of the applicable test batch does 1101
comply w ii h this S tandard.
(c) Make test samples from each rolled u11i1 of steel and individually test in accordance with this
Standard. ff the test piece from the additional sample complies with Clauses 16. l and /6.3 M
appropriate, the rolled ,111it of steel complies with this Standard.
(d) Reprocess (e.g. heas-treas) the unit which failed and perform another complete set of tests in
accordance with Paragraph 85.1. The unit complies with this Standard if the reprocessed test pieces
comply with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 at appropriate.
The remainder of the test batch complies with this Standard provided it is reprocessed in the same
manner as the above reprocessed unit and complies with the requirements of Clauses 16.1 and /6.3
at appropriate.
BS.3.2 Impact tesll! ff a retest is carried out, one or more of the [ollowing procedures should be adopted:
(a)
If the average value of the three impact test results is less than the specified minimum average, or if
one value is less than the specified individual test value given in Table 4(i}
lest three additional test pieces from the original. sample in accordance with Clause 14.3; and
add the results to those previously obtained and calculate a 11ew average. If the average value
of the six tests is 1101 less than the specified minimum average, and 1101 more than. one result of
the six tests is below the specified individual test value, then the unit complies with this
Standard.
(b) Take two further test samples at random from the remainder of the test beach.
(ii)
ff the test pieces from both additional samples comply with Clause /6.2, then the remainder complies
with this Standard.
If one of these additional samples fails to comply, the batch (see Paragraph 85./) does not comply
(c)
with I his SI andard.
Take test samples from each rolled unit of steel and individually test in accordance with this Standard.
ff the test piece from the additional. sample complies with Clause /6.2, then the rolled unit of steel
complies with this Standard.
(d) Reprocess (e.g. hem-treat) the "nits which failed and perform another complete set of tests in
accordance with. Paragraph 85.1.
If the reprocessed test pieces comply with Clauses /6. I, /6.2 and, if applicable, Clause /6.3, then the
unit complies with. this Standard.
The remainderof the test basch complies with this Standard provided it is reprocessed in the same
manner as the above reprocessed units and complies with the requirements of Clauses 16./, /6.2 and,
if applicable, Clause /6.3.
COPYRIGHT
13
AS 116>---1991
APPENDTX C
DTMENSTONS AND PROPERTTES OFCROSS-SECTTON
(Nornuuive]
The following Figures Cl to C6 are not restrictive (see Clause 7). Other sizes in
various grades are also available in A ustralia. A lthoLtgh they appear in. the following
tables, certain sizes may not always be available in. all grades.
NOTE: Usersare advised 1" check: avw'labll,'ty before inauporatingholJow sections in majordesigns.
COPYRIGHT
14
AS 1163-1991
1
2
Des ig n ation
Outside
diameter
Thickness
d.
I
mm
mm
3
4
5
6
7
Externa I surface area
Mass per
unit length
per unit
rn as s
9
10
I
11
12
Torsion
Tors ion
modulus
Aboul any axis
Ratio
per unit
length
8
Gross
area
or crosssection
e:
I
Elastic
Second
momenL of
section
area
modulus
PJaSlic
s ec ticn
modulus
Radius of
gyration
constant
A,
I
z
s
r
J
c
mm'l
10' mm"
IOc! mm1
103 mm'!
mm
10' mm"
I Os mm1
kg/m
rn2/m
m2/l
610.0 x 12.7 CHS
610.0 x 9.5 CHS
610.0 x 6.4 CHS
187
141
95.3
1.92
1.92
1.92
10.2
13.6
20. 1
48.0
64.2
95.3
23 800
17 900
12 100
1 060
808
553
3 490
2 650
1 810
4 530
3 430
2 330
211
212
213
2 130
1 620
1 110
6 970
5 300
3 620
508.0 x 12.7 CHS
508.0 x 9.5 CHS
508.0 x 6.4 CHS
155
117
79.2
1.60
1.60
1.60
10.3
13.7
20.2
40.0
53.5
79.4
19 800
14 900
10 100
606
462
317
2 390
1 820
1 250
3 120
2 360
1 610
175
176
177
1 210
925
634
4 770
3 640
2 500
165.1 x 5.4 CHS
165.1 x 5.0 CHS
21.3
19.7
0.519
0.519
24.4
26.3
30.6
33.0
2 710
2 510
17.3
16.1
209
195
8.65
8.07
105
97.7
138
128
FIGURE Ct (in part) CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C250
COPYRIGHT
56.5
56.6
AS 11~1991
/5
1
2
Designation
0UlSide
d ia me te r Thickness
d"
I
mm
mm
3
4
5
6
Ratio
Gross area
Of Cn)SS-
External surface area
Mass per
unit length
per unil
length
per unit
mass
section
s:
I
7
8
9
10
11
12
Torsion
Torsion
modulus
About any axis
Second
moment of
area
Elastic
section
modulus
Plaslic
section
modulus
Radius of
g yratio n
constant
A
I
z
s
r
J
c
mm2
10' mm'
103mm3
10" mms
mm
10' mm'
1o'mm'3
47.5
47.7
10.3
9.61
147
138
38.5
38.9
34.2
34.5
5.49
4.69
96.1
82.0
69.9
57.6
29.4
29.7
30.0
24.9
25.4
25.7
2.66
2.33
1.93
1.61
1.30
1.08
59.9
52.4
43.3
42.4
34.2
28.4
kg/m
m'l/m
m-i/t
139.7 x 5.4 CHS
139.7 x 5.0 CHS
114.3 x 5.4 CHS
114.3 x 4.5 CHS
17.9
16.6
0.439
0.439
25.9
27.9
2 280
2 120
5.14
4.81
73.7
68.8
14.5
12.2
21.2
25.4
1 850
1 550
11.9
9.63
20.3
25.4
88.9x
88.9x
88.9x
5.9 CHS
5.0 CHS
4.0 CHS
12.1
10.3
8.38
0.279
0.279
0.279
15.1
17.8
22.2
1 520
1 230
1 540
1 320
1 070
2.75
2.34
1.77
1.46
48.0
41.0
101.6 x 5.0 CHS
101.6 x 4.0 CHS
0.359
0.359
0.319
0.319
24.5
26.4
24.8
29.5
26.8
33.2
23.1
27.0
33.3
76.1 x 5.9 CHS
76.1 x 4.5 CHS
76.1 x 3.6 CHS
10.2
7.95
6.44
23.4
30.1
37.1
12.9
16.9
21.1
1 300
1 010
820
30.0
26.2
21.7
21.2
17.1
14.21
60.3x
60.3x
60.3x
48.3x
48.3x
48.3x
42.4x
42.4x
42.4x
33.7x
33.7x
33.7x
26.9x
26.9x
26.9x
5.4 CHS
4.5 CHS
3.6 CHS
7.31
6.19
5.03
0.239
0.239
0.239
0.189
0.189
0.189
1.33
1.16
0.963
0.807
0.651
0.540
97.4
90.8
64.1
54.3
46.7
38.1
40.7
35.2
28.9
29.1
23.1
8.9
25.9
30.6
37.6
11.2
13.4
16.8
931
789
641
0.354
0.309
0.259
11.8
10.2
8.58
16.3
14.0
11.6
19.5
19.8
20.1
0.709
0.618
0.517
23.5
20.5
17.2
5.4 CHS
4.0 CHS
3.2 CHS
4.9 CHS
4.0 CHS
3.2 CHS
4.5 CHS
4.0 CHS
3.2 CHS
4.0 CHS
3.2 CHS
2.6 CHS
5.71
4.37
3.56
4.53
3.79
3.09
3.24
2.93
2.41
0.152
0.152
0.152
0.133
0.133
0.133
26.6
34.7
42.6
8.9
12.1
15.1
728
557
453
7.04
5.70
4.80
29.4
35.2
43.1
8.7
10.6
13.3
577
483
394
0.170
0.138
0.116
0.103
0.089 9
0.076 2
9.99
7.87
6.52
6.93
5.92
4.93
15.3
15.7
16.0
13.4
13.6
13.9
14.1
11.4
9.59
9.74
8.48
7.19
0.106
0.106
0.106
0.084 5
0.084 5
0.084 5
32.7
36.1
44.0
37.4
45.2
54.2
7.5
8.4
10.5
6.7
8.4
10.3
413
373
307
288
238
198
2.67
2.49
2.14
1.45
1.27
1.10
3.6 CHS
3.2 CHS
2.6 CHS
0.066 9
0.066 9
0.066 9
42.6
46.8
55.8
5.9
6.7
8.2
200
182
153
17.2x
17.2x
2.9 CHS
2.3 CHS
1.57
1.43
1.20
1.02
0.845
52.8
63.9
0.006 93
0.006 12
2.9 CHS
2.3 CHS
0.758
0.635
5.9
7.5
4.7
5.9
130
108
13.5x
13.5x
0.054 0
0.054 0
0.042 4
0.042 4
3.87
3.55
2.99
2.12
1.81
1.54
1.14
1.06
0.915
0.601
0.515
0.334
0.293
10.4
10.6
10.8
8.22
8.46
8.64
21.3x
21.3x
21.3x
0.045 0
0.041 9
0.036 0
0.019 4
0.017 0
0.014 8
0.008 16
0.007 68
0.006 81
0.003 47
0.003 06
0.001 46
0.001 32
0.340
0.275
0.232
0.206
0.180
0.152
0.090 1
0.083 8
0.072 1
0.038 9
0.034 1
0.029 6
O.Q16 3
0.015 4
O.Q13 6
0.806
0.711
0.432
0.392
2.26
1.87
1.56
55.9
66.8
96.6
80.9
34.9
28.8
4.87
4.24
3.59
0.767
0.722
0.639
0.403
0.356
0.216
0.196
FIGURE C1 (in part) CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADEC250
COPYRIGHT
6.39
6.50
6.68
5.16
5.33
3.89
4.04
3.55
2.93
0.002 92
0.002 64
5.35
4.97
4.28
2.89
2.53
2.20
1.53
1.44
1.28
16
do
LJ
1
2
Des ig naticn
3
4
5
External
s urface area
per unit
length
per unit
mass
kg:/m
m1:/m
m2/I
457.0 x 12.7 CHS
457.0 x 9.5 CHS
457.0 x 6.4 CHS
139
105
71.1
1.44
1.44
1.44
10.3
13.7
20.2
36.0
48.1
71.4
406.4 x 12.7 CHS
406.4 x 9.5 CHS
406.4 x 6.4 CHS
123
93.0
63.1
1.28
1.28
1.28
10.4
13.7
20.2
355.6 x 12.7 CHS
355.6 x 9.5 CHS
355.6 x 6.4 CHS
107
81.1
55.1
1.12
1.12
1.12
323.9 x 12. 7 CHS
323.9 x 9.5 CHS
323.9 x 6.4 CHS
97.5
73.7
50.1
273.1 x 9.3 CHS
273.1 x 6.4 CHS
273.1 x 4.8 CHS
60.5
42.1
31.8
Outside
diameter
Thickness
«,
(
mm
mm
Mass per
unit length
Ralio
6
Gross
7
of crosssection
s.
8
9
Second
momenl or
area
Elastic
s ection
modulus
z
PlaSlic
sec Lion
modulus
12
Radius t)f
gyration
Torsion
Torsion
modulus
constant
s
r
J
c
mm
lo' mm'
I Os mm"
157
158
159
876
669
460
3 830
2 930
2 010
1 970
1 500
1 020
139
140
141
609
467
322
3 000
2 300
1 580
1 130
871
602
1 490
1 140
781
121
122
123
403
310
214
2 260
1 740
1 200
151
116
80.5
930
717
497
1 230
939
645
110
111
112
301
232
161
1 860
1 430
994
67.1
47.7
36.4
492
349
267
647
455
346
93.3
94.3
94.9
134
95.4
72.8
983
699
533
I
10' mm"
IO'
17700
13 400
9 060
438
334
230
1 920
1 460
1 010
2 510
1 900
1 300
32.0
42.8
63.5
15 700
11 800
8 040
305
233
161
1 500
1 150
792
10.4
13.8
20.3
28.0
37.4
55.6
13 700
10 300
7 020
201
155
107
1.02
1.02
1.02
10.4
13.8
20.3
25.5
34.1
50.6
12 400
9 380
6 380
0.858
0.858
0.858
14.2
20.4
27.0
29.4
42.7
56.9
7 710
5 360
4 050
FIGURE C2 (in part) CIRCULAR
11
103 mm'1
A
m m?
(
10
About any axis
area
mm'
HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
17
1
2
Designation
0UlSide
d ia me te r Thickness
3
4
5
6
Ratio
Gross area
Of Cn)SS-
External surface area
Mass per
unit length
per unil
length
per unit
mass
section
JI.
d"
I
mm
mm
AS 11~1991
7
8
9
10
11
12
Torsion
Torsion
modulus
About any axis
Second
moment of
area
Elastic
section
modulus
Plaslic
section
modulus
Radius of
g yratio n
constant
I
A
I
z
s
r
J
c
mm2
5 430
4 280
3 230
10' mm'
103mm3
10" mms
mm
10' mm'
1o'mm'3
30.3
24.2
18.6
276
221
169
74.6
75.2
75.8
60.5
48.4
37.1
11.7
10.7
8.25
5.80
5.02
3.47
3.01
3.00
2.48
1.92
1.72
1.20
0.991
139
127
98.0
70.3
60.8
49.7
43.1
52.5
43.4
33.6
30.2
23.6
19.5
365
290
220
185
168
128
91.4
78.8
57.0
57.3
57.8
57.1
57.3
64.9
56.1
70.4
57.6
44.1
39.5
31.0
25.5
48.2
48.3
38.3
38.8
39.2
39.3
34.8
35.0
23.4
21.4
16.5
11.6
10.0
6.95
6.02
6.00
4.96
3.84
3.45
2.40
1.98
552
442
339
278
254
196
141
122
1.26
1.12
0.792
0.657
38.3
34.0
23.5
19.4
29.6
29.8
30.3
30.5
2.52
2.25
1.58
1.31
56.6
50.6
35.6
29.6
kg/m
m'l/m
m-i/t
219.1 x 8.2 CHS
219.1 x 6.4 CHS
219.1 x 4.8 CHS
42.6
33.6
25.4
0.688
0.688
0.688
16.1
20.5
27.1
26.7
34.2
45.6
168.3 x 7.1 CHS
168.3 x 6.4 CHS
168.3 x 4.8 CHS
28.2
25.6
19.4
165.1 x 3.5 CHS
165.1 x 3.0 CHS
139.7 x 3.5 CHS
139.7 x 3.0 CHS
114.3 x 6.0 CHS
114.3 x 4.8 CHS
114.3 x 3.6 CHS
114.3 x 3.2 CHS
101.6 x 3.2 CHS
101.6 x 2.6 CHS
13.9
12.0
11.8
10.1
16.0
13.0
9.83
8.77
7.77
6.35
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.519
0.519
0.439
0.439
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.319
0.319
11.3
9.96
6.76
5.53
0.279
0279
0279
0.279
23.7
26.3
35.1
47.2
55.0
39.9
46.6
19.1
23.8
31.8
35.7
31.8
39.1
16.2
18.5
27.8
34.2
3 600
3 260
2 470
1 780
1 530
88.9x 5.5 CHS
88.9x 4.8 CHS
88.9x 3.2 CHS
88.9x 2.6 CHS
76.1 x 3.2 CHS
76.1 x 2.3 CHS
18.7
20.7
27.3
37.2
43.2
37.3
43.4
22.4
27.7
36.5
41.0
41.1
50.3
24.7
28.1
41.3
50.5
0.239
0.239
733
533
0.488
0.363
17.0
12.5
25.8
26.1
0.976
0.727
0.189
0.189
0.152
0.152
41.6
57.1
46.1
57.6
46.7
58.2
23.8
33.1
2.9 CHS
2.3 CHS
2.9 CHS
2.3 CHS
5.75
4.19
4.11
3.29
3.25
2.61
28.3
25.3
17.8
14.8
12.8
9.55
20.8
26.2
16.7
21.0
523
419
414
332
0.216
0.177
0.107
0.088 1
7.16
5.85
4.43
3.65
9.56
7.74
20.3
20.5
16.1
16.3
0.432
0.353
0.214
0.176
25.6
19.1
14.3
11.7
8.86
7.30
42.4x 2.6 CHS
42.4x 2.0 CHS
33.7x 2.6 CHS
33.7x 2.0 CHS
2.55
1.99
1.99
1.56
0.133
0.133
0.106
0.106
52.2
66.8
53.1
67.7
16.3
21.2
13.0
16.9
325
254
3.05
2.45
1.84
1.49
4.12
3.27
2.52
2.01
14.1
14.3
0.129
0.104
0.061 9
0.050 2
6.10
4.90
3.67
2.98
26.9x
26.9x
2.3 CHS
2.0 CHS
1.40
1.23
0.084 5
0.084 5
60.6
68.8
11.7
13.5
1.01
0.907
1.40
1.24
8.74
8.83
2.0 CHS
0.952
0.066 9
70.3
10.7
0.005 71
0.536
0.748
6.86
0.027 1
0.024 4
0.011 4
2.02
1.81
21.3x
178
156
121
0.064 6
0.051 9
0.030 9
0.0251
O.Q136
0.012 2
60.3x
60.3x
48.3x
48.3x
1 500
1 290
2 040
1 650
1 250
1 120
989
809
1 440
1 270
862
705
254
199
5.99
4.87
FIGURE C2 (in part) CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
11.0
11.2
99.5
86.2
105
86.8
67.2
60.4
47.2
39.0
1.07
18
b
y
n
/
u
-1
2
Des ig naticn
Depth
WidLh
d
b
mm
mm
Thickness
3
4
d
5
x
/
n
%
y
6
7
8
Rat io
per unit
length
per unit
m as s
t
9
10
11
12
13
Torsion
c ons t ant
Torsion
modulus
About s, y and ,1- axes
External surface area
Mass per
unit length
..
b - 2t
-,-
Gross area
of crosssection
mcment
of area
modulus
Elastic.
sect-ion
modulus
A
1.,1,
z.,z
z,
s.. s
r.. r.,
J
c
m m?
106 mm"
la3 mm3
101mm·,
la3 mm3
mm
106mm"
10' mm·,
Second
EJa.uic
section
PhHtic
section
modulus
Radius or
g yratio n
kg/m
m~/m
m1/t
250 x 250 x 9.0 SHS
250 x 250 x 6.0 SHS
65.9
45.0
0.961
0.974
14.6
21.7
25.8
39.7
8 400
5 730
79.8
56.2
639
450
477
330
750
521
97.5
99.0
129
88.7
972
681
200 x 200 x 9.0 SHS
200 x 200 x 6.0 SHS
200 x 200 x 5.0 SHS
51.8
35.6
29.9
0.761
0.774
0.779
14.7
21.8
26.0
20.2
31.3
38.0
6 600
4 530
3 810
39.2
28.0
23.9
392
280
239
297
207
175
465
327
277
77.1
78.6
79.1
64.5
44.8
37.8
599
425
362
150 x 150 x 9.0 SHS
150 x 150 x 6.0 SHS
150 x 150 x 5.0 SHS
37.7
26.2
22.1
0.561
0.574
0.579
14.9
22.0
26.2
14.7
23.0
28.0
4 800
3 330
2 810
15.4
11.3
9.70
205
150
129
159
113
96.1
248
178
151
56.6
58.2
58.7
26.1
18.4
15.6
316
229
197
x 125 x 9.0 SHS
x 125 x 6.0 SHS
x 125 x 5.0 SHS
x 125 x 4.0 SHS
100 x 100 x 9.0 SHS
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS
100 x 100 x 5.0 SHS
100 x 100 x 4.0 SHS
100 x 100 x 3.0 SHS
30.6
21.4
18.2
14.8
0.461
0.474
0.479
0.483
15.1
22.1
26.3
32.7
11.9
18.8
23.0
29.3
3 900
2 730
2 310
1 880
8.38
6.29
5.44
4.52
134
101
87.1
72.3
106
76.5
65.4
53.6
165
120
103
84.5
46.4
48.0
48.5
49.0
14.5
10.4
8.87
7.25
208
154
133
110
23.5
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
0.361
0.374
0.379
0.383
0.390
15.4
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
9.11
14.7
18.0
23.0
31.3
3 000
2 130
1 810
1 480
1 140
3.91
3.04
2.66
2.23
1.77
78.1
60.7
53.1
44.6
35.4
63.6
47.1
40.5
33.5
26.0
98.6
73.5
63.5
52.6
41.2
36.1
37.7
38.3
38.8
39.4
7.00
5.15
4.42
3.63
2.79
123
93.6
81.4
68.0
53.2
125
125
125
125
mm
FIGURE C3 (in part) SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
AS 11~1991
/9
1
2
Designation
\\'idlh Thickneu
Depth
d
b
I
mm
mm
mm
89 x
89 x
89 x
75 x
75 x
75 x
75 x
75 x
75 x
65 x
65 x
65 x
75
75
75
75
75
75
65
65
65
50 x
50 x
50 x
50 x
50 x
40 x
40 x
40 x
40 x
35
35
35
35
30
30
25
25
25
25
20
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4
3
External surface
Mass per
u nit length
5
per unit
mass
8
9
Gross
b - 2t
t
area
modulus
modulus
z . . z,
z,
s.. s,
r.. r1
J
c
mm'
106 mm"
10., mm"
10.,mm.,
10<1 mm"
mm
1011 mm"
103mm'.l
56.6
49.1
36.5
38.4
33.6
28.2
25.3
22.5
19.1
33.2
33.7
34.5
3.54
3.05
2.24
71.6
62.7
47.1
27.5
28.0
28.6
28.8
29.2
29.4
2.04
1.77
1.48
1.32
1.15
0.971
48.2
42.6
36.1
32.5
28.7
24.6
16.6
14.1
11.6
25.1
25.3
25.6
0.733
0.624
0.509
21.0
18.1
14.9
11.4
9.39
8.07
6.66
5.46
6.74
4.97
4.13
3.41
18.3
19.0
19.2
19.5
19.6
14.2
15.1
15.4
15.6
12.8
13.1
13.3
13.5
14.3
11.8
10.2
8.51
7.03
8.33
6.21
5.23
4.36
5.18
4.58
3.89
3.26
11.3
11.5
8.74
8.99
9.24
9.44
0.403
0.321
0.275
0.226
0.185
0.192
0.136
0.113
0.092 7
0.102
0.088 9
0.074 1
0.061 1
0.045 4
0.037 7
0.033 3
0.029 7
0.025 3
0.021 2
7.39
0.010 3
0.924
22.5
26.7
37.6
12.8
15.8
23.4
1 870
1 590
1 150
2.06
1.81
1.37
46.2
40.7
30.9
36.3
31.4
23.2
x 6.0 SHS
x 5.0 SHS
x 4.0 SHS
x 3.5 SHS
x 3.0 SHS
x 2.5 SHS
x 3.0 SHS
x 2.5 SHS
x 2.0 SHS
50 x 4.0 SHS
50 x 3.0 SHS
50 x 2.5 SHS
50 x 2.0 SHS
50 x 1.6 SHS
40 x 4.0 SHS
40 x 2.5 SHS
40 x 2.0 SHS
40 x 1.6 SHS
35 x 3.0 SHS
35 x 2.5 SHS
35 x 2.0 SHS
35 x 1.6 SHS
30 x 2.0 SHS
30 x 1.6 SHS
25 x 3.0 SHS
25 x 2.5 SHS
25 x 2.0 SHS
25 x 1.6 SHS
20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
5.66
4.78
3.88
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
44.1
52.6
65.3
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
81.7
34.9
53.7
66.4
82.3
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
67.4
83.3
47.4
55.7
68.3
84.1
10.5
13.0
16.8
19.4
23.0
28.0
19.7
24.0
30.5
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
8.00
14.0
18.0
23.0
9.67
12.0
15.5
19.9
1 530
1 310
1 080
959
841
709
721
609
494
1.16
1.03
0.882
0.797
0.716
0.614
30.9
27.5
23.5
21.3
19.1
16.4
14.0
12.0
9.94
24.7
21.6
18.0
16.1
14.2
12.0
10.4
8.91
7.29
681
541
459
374
303
521
359
294
239
361
309
254
207
0.229
0.195
0.169
0.141
0.117
9.15
7.79
6.78
5.66
4.68
5.26
4.11
3.47
2.90
3.40
3.02
2.58
2.16
7.33
5.92
5.09
4.20
3.44
13.0
16.8
0.027 2
0.0231
0.018 4
0.016 9
0.014 8
0.012 8
1.81
1.54
6.33
8.00
10.5
13.6
214
175
241
209
174
143
1.47
1.35
1.19
1.02
1.39
1.16
1.21
1.08
0.926
0.780
85.4
10.5
111
0.006 08
0.608
0.474
0.454
0.391
0.323
0.105
0.082 2
0.069 4
0.057 9
0.059 5
0.052 9
0.045 1
0.037 9
4.36
3.13
2.61
2.15
2.67
2.33
1.95
1.62
NOTE: The c:u/culatfoncf .ui.·tfonalpmperlies is ha.fed mt 1hejfJllowing comer geometry:
Sb:c range
Thicknesses 3.0 mm anil less
Thicknesses greater than 3.0 mm
Torsion
modulus
,... t,
0.330
0.334
0.341
0.274
0.279
0.283
0.285
0.290
0.291
0.873
cons rant
of area
A,
14.6
12.5
9.06
0.089 7
0.091 4
0.093 1
0.094 5
0.074 5
Torsion
of
g yratio n
Plastic
section
89 x 6.0 SHS
89 x 5.0 SHS
89 x 3.5 SHS
0.113
0.115
13
Elastic.
m~/t
0.183
0.190
0.191
0.193
0.195
0.143
0.151
0.153
0.155
0.130
0.131
0.133
0.135
12
section
Second
momenL
m~/m
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.89
1.64
1.36
1.12
11
Elauic
section
modulus
section
o r crcss-
kg/m
0.250
0.251
0.253
10
About x, y and n- axes
Ruio
per unit
length
7
6
area
Inmdc corner raditl Outside corner radll
mm
mm
1.01
2.01
/.51
2.51
I
FIGURE C3 (in part) SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
4.23
3.69
3.09
2.57
2.21
1.84
1.91
1.71
1.47
1.24
0.751
Radius
2.75
2.32
2.27
2.07
1.80
1.54
20
AS 110----199.1
b
r
1 ·
1
Des ig n a.Li en
Depth Widlh
Thickness
d
b
I
mm mm
mm
250 x 150 x9.0 RHS
250 x 150 x6.0 RHS
250 x 150 x5.0 RHS
200 x 100 x9.0 RHS
200 x 100 x6.0 RHS
200 x 100 x5.0 RHS
200 x 100 x4.0 RHS
150 x 100 x6.0 RHS
150 x 100 x5.0 RHS
150 x 100 x 4.0 RHS
150 x 50 x5.0 RHS
150 x 50 x4.0 RHS
150 x 50 x3.0 RHS
125 x 75 x5.0 RHS
125 x 75 x4.0 RHS
125 x 75 x3.0 RHS
2
3
4
External surface
area
5
--1--·
u
-
1-
I
ITT
d
6
Ralio
7
I
I
y
8
9
Mass
area of
per unit
cross- Second Etas Lie
moment
section
per
unit
per
un
it
length
section
of area modulus
b - 21 d - 21
length
mass
k;t/m
51.8
35.6
29.9
37.7
26.2
22.1
17.9
21.4
18.2
14.8
14.2
11.6
8.96
14.2
11.6
8.96
m,/m
0.761
0.774
0.779
0.561
0.574
0.579
0.583
0.474
0.479
0.483
0.379
0.383
0.390
0.379
0.383
0.390
m1/t
14.7
21.8
26.0
14.9
22.0
26.2
32.5
22.1
26.3
32.7
26.6
32.9
43.5
26.6
32.9
43.5
I
=r:
14.7
23.0
28.0
9.11
14.7
18.0
23.0
14.7
18.0
23.0
8.00
10.5
14.7
13.0
16.8
23.0
t
25.8
39.7
48.0
20.2
31.3
38.0
48.0
23.0
28.0
35.5
28.0
35.5
48.0
23.0
29.3
39.7
A
mm1
6 600
4 530
3 810
4 800
3 330
2 810
2 280
2 730
2 310
1 880
1 810
1 480
1 140
1 810
1 480
1 140
I
10
11
12
section
Radius
of
Second
moment
of area
About X· axis
Gro s s
I
10' mm4
53.7
38.4
32.7
22.8
16.7
14.4
11.9
8.17
7.07
5.87
4.44
3.74
2.99
3.64
3.05
2.43
Phu.tic
modulus
gyration
z
s
r
IO' mm"
430
307
262
228
167
144
119
109
94.3
78.2
59.2
49.8
39.8
58.3
48.9
38.9
101mm'
533
374
317
293
210
179
147
134
115
94.6
78.9
65.4
51.4
72.7
60.3
47.3
mm
90.2
92.0
92.6
68.9
70.8
71.5
72.1
54.7
55.3
55.9
49.5
50.2
51.2
44.8
45.4
46.1
I
tO' mm'
24.3
17.5
15.0
7.64
5.69
4.92
4.07
4.36
3.79
3.15
0.765
0.653
0.526
1.65
1.39
1.11
I
13
14
About Y· axis
EJascic
s ecuon
modulus
Z.
101mm'
324
233
199
153
114
98.3
81.5
87.3
75.7
63.0
30.6
26.1
21.1
43.9
37.0
29.5
FIGURE C4 (in part) RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
Plastic
sec lion
modulus
s
101 mm'
375
264
224
180
130
111
91.0
102
87.3
71.8
35.7
29.8
23.5
51.1
42.4
33.3
I
15
16
Torsion
Radius con s ram
of
gyration
r
J
IO'mm'
mm
60.7
56.0
62.2
39.0
62.6
33.0
39.9
19.9
41.3
14.2
12.1
41.8
42.3
9.89
40.0
9.51
40.4
8.12
6.64
40.9
20.5
2.30
21.0
1.93
21.5
1.50
30.1
3.83
30.6
3.16
31.1
2.43
17
Torsion
modulus
c
IO'mm1
554
395
337
272
200
172
142
147
127
105
56.8
48.2
38.3
75.3
63.0
49.5
21
1
2
3
Designation
4
5
6
RaliO
Extern a! surface
area
Depth Width Thickness
d
b
Mass
per unit
per un it per unit
length
length
mass
mm
mm
mm
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
100 x 50 x 5.0 RHS
100 x 50 x 4.0 RHS
100 x 50 x 3.5 RHS
100 x 50 x 3.0 RHS
100 x 50 x 2.5 RHS
100 x 50 x 2.0 RHS
75 x 50 x 4.0 RHS
75 x 50 x 3.0 RHS
75 x 50 x 2.5 RHS
75 x 50 x 2.0 RHS
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
75 x 25 x 2.0 RHS
75 x 25 x 1.6 RHS
65 x 35 x 3.0 RHS
65 x 35 x 2.5 RHS
65 x 35 x 2.0 RHS
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
50 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
50 x 25 x 2.0 RHS
50 x 25 x 1.6 RHS
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.5 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.0 RHS
50 x 20 x 1.6 RHS
area of
cross-
!....:.!! ssss
t
l
h/m
m2/m
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.25
3.60
2.93
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
0.274
0.279
0.283
0.285
0.290
0.291
0.293
0.233
0.240
0.241
0.243
0.191
0.193
0.195
0.190
0.191
0.193
0.140
0.141
0.143
0.145
0.130
0.131
0.133
0.135
m2/t
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
33.7
44.2
52.7
65.4
53.1
65.8
81.7
44.7
53.1
65.8
45.5
54.0
66.6
82.5
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
7
6.33
8.00
10.5
12.3
14.7
18.0
23.0
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
8.00
10.5
13.6
9.67
12.0
15.5
6.33
8.00
10.5
13.6
4.67
6.00
8.00
10.5
8
Gross
t
14.7
18.0
23.0
26.6
31.3
38.0
48.0
16.8
23.0
28.0
35.5
28.0
35.5
44.9
19.7
24.0
30.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
section
A
mm1
1 530
1 310
1 080
959
841
709
574
881
691
584
474
459
374
303
541
459
374
391
334
274
223
361
309
254
207
AS 11~1991
9
10
I
Aboul x- axis
Second
BlaSlic
moment
section
of area modulus
I,
z,
106 mm"
1.71
1.53
1.31
1.18
1.06
0.912
0.750
0.630
0.522
0.450
0.372
0.285
0.238
0.197
0.281
0.244
0.204
0.112
0.098 9
0.083 8
0.070 2
0.095 1
0.084 8
0.072 3
0.060 8
103 mm "
34.2
30.6
26.1
23.6
21.3
18.2
15.0
16.8
13.9
12.0
9.91
7.60
6.36
5.26
8.65
7.52
6.28
4.47
3.95
3.35
2.81
3.81
3.39
2.89
2.43
11
12
PhHliC Radius Second
s ecricn
of
moment
modulus g yratic n of area
s,
r,
l
10' mm"
mm
106mm4
45.3
33.4
0.567
34.1
39.8
0.511
34.8
0.441
33.4
35.1
29.9
0.400
26.7
35.6
0.361
22.7
35.9
0.311
18.5
36.2
0.257
21.1
26.7
0.335
17.1
27.5
0.278
14.6
0.240
27.7
12.0
28.0
0.199
10.1
24.9
0.048 7
0.041 4
8.31
25.3
6.81
25.5 0.034 7
11.0
22.8
0.106
9.45
23.1
0.092 6
7.80
23.4
0.077 8
5.86
16.9
0.036 7
5.11
17.2
0.032 8
4.26
17.5
0.0281
3.53
17.7
0.023 7
16.2
5.16
0.021 2
4.51
16.6
0.019 2
3.78
16.9
0.016 7
3.14
17.1
0.014 2
I
13
14
Ahoul y- axis
Elauic
section
modulus
Size n>ng<
Thicknesses 3.0 mm and less
Tbicknesses grealer than 3.0 mm
ln§kle corner radl1
Outside ecmer radii
mm
mm
1.01
1.51
2.01
2.51
z
s
103 mm '
27.7
24.4
20.6
18.5
16.4
14.0
11.5
16.0
12.9
11.0
9.06
4.53
3.77
3.11
7.11
6.13
5.07
3.56
3.12
2.62
2.17
2.63
2.32
1.96
1.63
FIGURE C4 (in part) RECTANGULARHOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C350
COPYRIGHT
15
Plastic
Radius
section
of
modulus gyration
10s mm"
22.7
20.4
17.6
16.0
14.4
12.4
10.3
13.4
11.1
9.60
7.96
3.89
3.31
2.78
6.04
5.29
4.44
2.93
2.62
2.25
1.90
2.12
1.92
1.67
1.42
NOTE: The calculation cf sectional properties is based mt thefollowing comer gemnetry:
I
r
mm
19.2
19.7
20.2
20.4
20.7
20.9
21.2
19.5
20.0
20.3
20.5
10.3
10.5
10.7
14.0
14.2
14.4
9.69
9.91
10.1
10.3
7.67
7.89
8.11
8.29
16
17
Torsion
constant
Torsion
modulus
J
106mm"
1.53
1.35
1.13
1.01
0.886
0.754
0.616
0.754
0.593
0.505
0.414
0.144
0.120
0.099 3
0.259
0.223
0.184
0.096 4
0.084 3
0.070 6
0.058 5
0.062 0
0.055 0
0.046 6
0.038 9
101mm1
40.9
36.5
31.2
28.2
25.0
21.5
17.7
22.7
18.4
15.9
13.1
7.14
6.04
5.05
10.4
9.10
7.62
5.18
4.60
3.92
3.29
3.88
3.49
3.00
2.55
c
22
b
y
n
/
t-
1
Des ignation
Depth WidLh Thickness
d
b
mm
mm
2
3
4
I
Bxterna l surface
6
I
7
Ratio
area c
k~/m
11.1
9.73
8.39
7.14
6.19
5.14
4.42
3.99
3.34
2.67
2.25
1.53
m,/m
0.384
0.386
0.390
0.286
0.290
0.292
0.252
0.190
0.192
0.130
0.132
0.0921
crossb - 2t
=r:
d-
s ecucn
24.3
28.3
33.7
20.7
24.8
30.6
26.3
15.9
19.7
10.5
13.2
8.87
mm,
1 410
1 240
1 070
909
788
655
563
508
425
340
287
195
--,-21
m'l/t
34.6
39.7
46.5
40.1
46.9
56.8
57.0
47.7
57.6
48.8
58.6
60.1
24.3
28.3
33.7
20.7
24.8
30.6
26.3
15.9
19.7
10.5
13.2
8.87
8
ti
x
/
Second
momen
of area
I
12
z
42.7
38.0
33.3
20.3
18.0
15.2
11.2
7.40
6.34
3.26
2.85
1.29
32.0
28.2
24.4
15.3
13.3
11.2
8.27
5.60
4.74
2.54
2.19
1.02
s
103 mm"
50.3
44.5
38.7
24.1
21.2
17.7
13.1
8.87
7.52
4.02
3.46
1.62
Thicknesses3.0 mm and less
Thicknessesgreaterthmr 3.0 mm
Jngdc comet'r&d.U
Outiddccomer rad.U
mm
mm
/.()t
2.0t
2.51
I.St
r
mm
38.9
39.2
39.5
28.9
29.3
29.5
25.4
19.1
19.3
12.9
13.2
9.09
FIGURE C5 SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C450
COPYRIGHT
I
14
I
15
I
16
17
18
AbOUl Y· axis
NOTE: The aJ/culalionof set·titmaJpro~rtiesis based rm the/'1llmvingt:fJmergtwmetry:
Sl2e nmge
13
Elastic Elastic
Plastic Radius Second
section section section
of
moment
modulus
modulus
modulus gyration of area
lo' mm4 101 mm'3 IO'lmm>
2.14
1.90
1.67
0.761
0.676
0.571
0.364
0.185
0.159
0.057 0
0.049 9
0.0161
x
y
9
I
10
11
Abcutx- and n- axes
z
I
%
n
I
Gross
per
l
mm
100 x 100x 3.8 SHS
100 x 100x 3.3 SHS
100 x 100x 2.8 SHS
75 x 75x 3.3 SHS
75 x 75x 2.8 SHS
75 x 75x 2.3 SHS
65 x 65x 2.3 SHS
50 x SOX 2.8 SHS
50 x SOX 2.3 SHS
35 x 35x 2.8 SHS
35 x 35x 2.3 SHS
25 x 25x 2.3 SHS
5
area
Mass
un it
length per unit per uni
length
mass
u
d
~ t--
I
l(fmm'
2.14
1.90
1.67
0.761
0.676
0.571
0.364
0.185
0.159
0.057 0
0.049 9
0.016 1
Elastic
section
modulus
Plastic
Radius Torsion Tcrsion
section
constant modulus
of
modulus gyration
z
s
10'3mm1
IO'lmm'!
r.,
mm
42.7
38.0
33.3
20.3
18.0
15.2
11.2
7.40
6.34
3.26
2.85
1.29
50.3
44.5
38.7
24.1
21.2
17.7
13.1
8.87
7.52
4.02
3.46
1.62
38.9
39.2
39.5
28.9
29.3
29.5
25.4
19.1
19.3
12.9
13.2
9.09
)
10'mm"
3.47
3.05
2.61
1.25
1.08
0.900
0.579
0.303
0.256
0.097 0
0.0831
0.028 0
c
10'3 mm'
65.1
57.7
50.0
31.0
27.1
22.9
16.9
11.2
9.55
4.95
4.32
1.97
AS 11~1991
23
b
y
I
I
-
,_
I
-+- -
x-
)(
I
I
y
1
Deajgnaricn
2
3
4
Bxtemal surface
~fa.SS
Depth Width Thickness
d
mm
b
mm
I
mm
125 x 75 x 3.8 RHS
125 x 75 x 3.3 RHS
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS
100 x 50 x 3.3 RHS
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
100 x 50 x 2.3 RHS
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
75 x 50 x 2.3 RHS
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
65 x 35 x 2.3 RHS
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
50 x 25 x 2.3 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.3 RHS
rn2/m
0.384
0.386
0.390
0.286
0.290
0.292
0.240
0.242
0.190
0.192
0.140
0.142
0.130
0.132
m2,,
34.6
39.7
46.5
40.1
46.9
56.8
47.2
57.1
47.7
57.6
48.5
58.4
48.8
58.6
6
Ra Lio
area
per unit
length per unit per uni
length
mass
kt>/fn
11.1
9.73
8.39
7.14
6.19
5.14
5.09
4.24
3.99
3.34
2.89
2.44
2.67
2.25
5
b - 2t
t
17.7
20.7
24.8
13.2
15.9
19.7
15.9
19.7
10.5
13.2
6.93
8.87
5.14
6.70
d- 2t
7
8
I
Gross
area 01 Second
cross - moment
section
area
or
r
A
30.9
35.9
42.6
28.3
33.7
41.5
24.8
30.6
21.2
26.3
15.9
19.7
15.9
19.7
mm,
1 410
1 240
1 070
909
788
655
648
540
508
425
368
310
340
287
11
9
10 I
About x- and n- axes
13
"'
z
lo' mm" 10' mms ldmm3
2.93
2.60
2.29
1.13
1.00
0.848
0.493
0.419
0.267
0.229
0.107
0.0931
0.091 2
0.080 0
12
ElasLiC Elastic
Plas ric
Radius Second
section section s ecucn
moment
modulus modulus modulus gyration of area
z
I
I
46.8
41.6
36.6
22.6
20.1
17.0
13.2
11.2
8.21
7.04
4.27
3.72
3.65
3.20
--
-
----
---
s
IO'lmm"
r
mm
57.7
50.9
44.4
28.5
25.1
21.0
16.1
13.6
10.4
8.81
5.57
4.78
4.91
4.23
45.5
45.8
46.2
35.2
35.7
36.0
27.6
27.9
22.9
23.2
17.0
17.3
16.4
16.7
I.
IO'mm '
1.33
1.19
1.04
0.383
0.341
0.290
0.263
0.224
0.101
0.086 9
0.035 2
0.031 0
0.020 5
0.018 3
NOTE: The calr:ulalJ',m of se,:ti()na/prt1pert1'esi.'f ba.wtdon the ffJllowing t.•omer geometry:
Siu range
Thid,.nes.\'t:,\'
3.0 mm and less
Thicknessesgreater than 3.0 mm
Jnskle corner radll
mm
Outslde .,.,..,,., radii
/.Ot
/.51
2.01
2.51
mm
FIGURE C6 RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C450
COPYRIGHT
I
14
15
I
About y- axis
Elastic
section
modulus
16
17
Radius Torsion
constant
of
modulus g yration
Plastic
section
z,
S.
lo" mm.,
IO"}mm.,
mm
35.5
31.6
27.8
15.3
13.6
11.6
10.5
8.96
5.75
4.96
2.82
2.48
2.05
1.83
40.6
35.9
31.3
17.6
15.5
13.0
12.2
10.3
6.73
5.72
3.39
2.92
2.51
2.18
30.7
30.9
31.2
20.5
20.8
21.0
20.1
20.4
14.1
14.3
9.78
10.0
7.76
7.98
r:
J
106 mm '
3.02
2.66
2.28
0.964
0.834
0.699
0.558
0.469
0.245
0.208
0.091 7
0.079 0
0.059 4
0.051 8
18
Torsion
modulus
c
IO'lmm"
60.4
53.6
46.6
26.9
23.6
20.0
17.4
14.8
9.92
8.53
4.96
4.34
3.73
3.31
24
APPFNDTX D
METHOD FOR VERIFYING GRADE LO COMPLTA NCE OF THIN
WALL SECTIONS
{Informative]
01 SCOPE This Appendix sets 0141 the method for verifying the compliance of thin wall sections with the
requirements of grade LO where the wall thickness precludes standard subsize Charpy V-Notch (CVN) impact
specimens.
02 METHOD Where it is impracticable to obtain a standard subsize specimen, i.e. JO X 10, JO X 7.5, 10 x 5.0,
10 x 2.5 mm. [rom. a hollow section, thai section is considered to comply with. the requirements of grade W if
other hollow sections are available and meet the following criteria:
(a) The steel used is of the same nominal. chemistry, manufactured by the same steelmaking and strip processing
procedures, and supplied by the same steel manufacturer.
(b) The wall thickness is greater than the section being assessed.
(c) The thickness to perimeter ratio is equal to or greater than. the section being assessed.
03 BACKGROUND
This Standard recognizes the following principles:
(a) The preferred lower size limit for CVN impact tests is JO x 2.5 111111 substandard specimens.
recognized in AS 1210.
This limit is
(b) Susceptibility to brittle fracture is directly proponional to the wall thickness of the section being considered.
fl is generally recognized that brittle fractures do not occttr in. material less than 3.0 mm thick.
(c) The manufacturing Jae/ors that offecs CVN impact values are at follows:
(i) Steel chemistry, e.g. carbon content and carbon equivalent,
(ii) Steel microstructure, e.g. groin size and steel cleanliness.
(iii) Cold strain experienced during the manufacture of the hollow section. The level of cold strain is
proportional to the thickness to perimeter raiio.
COPYRIGHT