IELTS Writing Task 1 Sample Answers by Simon

TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪ U IELTS WRITING TASK 1 SIMON collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com CÁCH TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING Contact https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/ Ngày đó Huyền không có điều kiện tham gia bất kỳ lớp học IELTS nào nên Huyền đã tự học hoàn toàn. Kỹ năng IELTS Writing cũng vậy, Huyền đã tự học hoàn toàn bằng cách phân tích những bài mẫu như trong eBook này. Vì tự học hoàn toàn nên Huyền hiểu được cảm giác: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsfocusmode https://www.youtube.com/@IELTSNguyenHuyen tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 093 663 5052 không biết nên học theo tài liệu nào đây? 093 663 5052 học như thế nào mới hiệu quả? phân tích bài mẫu ra sao đây? ... Đây cũng là lý do Huyền tổng hợp các bài mẫu của thầy Simon thành một eBook như thế này. Thầy Simon là người thầy mà Huyền theo học từ những ngày mới "chân ướt chân ráo" biết đến IELTS. Tất nhiên Huyền không được học các lớp của thầy rồi, mà Huyền chỉ tự học thông qua các bài mẫu thầy đăng trên website ielts-simon.com thôi. Huyền rất thích phong cách đơn giản của thầy, trong Writing lẫn Speaking. Huyền mong rằng những tài liệu như thế này sẽ một phần nào đó hỗ trợ con đường tự học của mọi người nhé. Chúc mọi người học tốt và đạt được mục tiêu đã đặt ra nhé <3 Góc học nhỏ của Huyền tại nhà CÁCH GHI CHÚ VÀ HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC Mỗi bạn có cách ghi chú và sử dụng các hệ thống ghi chú khác nhau. Sau đây là cách Huyền thường hệ thống các kiến thức đã học: VỞ/BÌA CÒNG Huyền thường sử dụng những quyển vở như thế này để ghi chú lại những gì đã học. Chúng ta có thể mua 4 quyển vở tương ứng với 4 kỹ năng như thế này. Đây là SHOP Huyền mua các quyển vở như hình bên cạnh. Đối với bạn nào thích bìa còng, bạn có thể mua bìa còng và giấy refill riêng như thế này để ghi chú. GHI CHÚ TRÊN MÁY Ngoài việc ghi chú trên giấy, Huyền cũng dùng các nền tảng như Notion, Canva, và các ứng dụng trong Google Workspace để hệ thống lại các kiến thức đã học. LƯU Ý Cách này hiệu quả với người A không có nghĩa nó cũng sẽ hiệu quả với người B. Chúng ta hãy thử các cách ghi chú, hệ thống kiến thức khác nhau để tìm ra cách hiệu quả nhất với bản thân nhé. Huyền thích ghi chú kiểu "màu sắc" một xíu, nhưng nhiều bạn lại thích ghi chú theo phong cách đơn giản. > Không sao cả, không có cách ghi chú sai hay đúng, mà quan trọng là nó có phù hợp với mình hay không mà thôi. IELTS Writing Task 1 1. Line graph ............................................................................................... 2 2. Pie chart .................................................................................................. 9 3. Table ....................................................................................................... 13 4. Bar chart ................................................................................................. 21 5. Multiple graphs and charts .................................................................. 31 6. Process..................................................................................................... 36 7. Map ......................................................................................................... 43 CÁCH HỌC EBOOK TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪU IELTS WRITING TASK 1 SIMON Huyền tổng hợp các bài mẫu này theo dạng bài: Line graph - Pie chart - Table - Bar chart - Mixed - Process Map. Nếu bạn đang cảm thấy mình gặp nhiều vấn đề với dạng nào bạn có thể mở phần mục lục và đi thẳng vào dạng đó để phân tích nhé. Cách phân tích bài mẫu IELTS Writing Bước 1: Bạn có thể phân tích ngay trên chính eBook này hoặc in ra để ghi chú cho tiện. Bước 2: Đối với những bạn mới, bạn có thể phân tích theo trình tự các dạng Huyền đã sắp xếp trong eBook. Đối với những bạn đang trong giai đoạn thực hành viết, bạn có thể phân tích bất cứ dạng nào bạn đang thiếu từ vựng hoặc gặp khó khăn nhất. Bước 3: Trong quá trình phân tích chúng ta sẽ tập trung vào các điểm sau: Từ đồng nghĩa để viết Mở bài -> chúng ta sẽ học được lượng từ đồng nghĩa rất lớn sau khi phân tích các bài mẫu trong eBook này. Các điểm quan trọng nhất, nổi bật nhất của biểu đồ đó -> phân tích phần Overview sẽ cho chúng ta biết điều này. Từ đây chúng ta sẽ học được cách nhìn “bigger picture” để chọn ra được những điểm/ xu hướng quan trọng nhất. Cách người viết chia Body như thế nào? Họ dựa vào tiêu chí nào để chia Body như vậy? Cách người viết chọn số liệu ra sao. Có những bài trong đó chứa hàng chục số liệu -> Người viết đã chọn những số liệu nào? Tại sao họ lại bỏ qua những số liệu còn lại? Cách người viết so sánh và thể hiện các số liệu đó như thế nào? Họ dùng những từ vựng, cấu trúc nào hay để mô tả xu hướng, điểm giống/khác nhau, … Bước 4: Ghi chú lại những gì quan trọng nhất: từ đồng nghĩa, cấu trúc xu hướng/ so sánh/ dự đoán, … Bước 5: Thực hành viết từng phần dựa trên những gì đã ghi chú được và gửi sửa để học từ các lỗi của chính mình. IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 1 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows changes in global food and oil prices between 2000 and 2011. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph compares the average price of a barrel of oil with the food price index over a period of 11 years. It is clear that average global prices of both oil and food rose considerably between 2000 and 2011. Furthermore, the trends for both commodities were very similar, and so a strong correlation (93.6%) is suggested. In the year 2000, the average global oil price was close to $25 per barrel, and the food price index stood at just under 90 points. Over the following four years both prices remained relatively stable, before rising steadily between 2004 and 2007. By 2007, the average oil price had more than doubled, to nearly $60 per barrel, and food prices had risen by around 50 points. A dramatic increase in both commodity prices was seen from 2007 to 2008, with oil prices reaching a peak of approximately $130 per barrel and the food price index rising to 220 points. However, by the beginning of 2009 the price of oil had dropped by roughly $90, and the food price index was down by about 80 points. Finally, in 2011, the average oil price rose once again, to nearly $100 per barrel, while the food price index reached its peak, at almost 240 points. over a period of (n) years: trong vòng bao nhiêu năm to rise considerably: tăng mạnh the trends for both A and B were very similar: xu hướng cho A và B rấ t giố ng nhau to remain relatively stable: giữ tương đố i ổn định more than double: tăng hơn gấ p đôi A dramatic increase in ... was seen: một sự gia tăng trong ... được ghi nhận reach a peak of ...: đạt đỉnh điểm/ điểm cao nhấ t là bao nhiêu IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 2 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15 years. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph compares three companies in terms of their waste output between the years 2000 and 2015. It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of waste produced by all three companies shown on the graph. While companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the amount of waste produced by company C increased considerably. In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of waste, while companies B and C produced around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material respectively. Over the following 5 years, the waste output of companies B and C rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for company A fell by approximately 1 tonne. From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production by roughly 3 tonnes, and company B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By contrast, company C saw an increase in waste production of approximately 4 tonnes over the same 10-year period. By 2015, company C’s waste output had risen to 10 tonnes, while the respective amounts of waste from companies A and B had dropped to 8 tonnes and only 3 tonnes. in terms of: về ... over the 15-year period: trong thời gian 15 năm the amount of waste produced: lượng chấ t thải thải ra increased considerably: tăng đáng kể respectively: lầ n lượt rise by ...: tăng + số chênh lệch approximately: khoảng, xấ p xỉ saw an increase in: thấ y sự tăng lên trong the respective amounts of waste: lượng chấ t thải tương ứng IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 3 LINE GRAPH The first chart below gives information about the money spent by British parents on their children’s sports between 2008 and 2014. The second chart shows the number of children who participated in three sports in Britain over the same time period. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graphs show the average monthly amount that parents in Britain spent on their children’s sporting activities and the number of British children who took part in three different sports from 2008 to 2014. take part in = to be involved in something: tham gia vào spent an average of ... on ...: đã chi trung bình khoảng ... cho ... It is clear that parents spent more money each year on their children’s participation in sports over the six-year period. In terms of the number of children taking part, football was significantly more popular than athletics and swimming. increased gradually over the In 2008, British parents spent an average of around £20 per month on their children’s sporting activities. Parents’ spending on children’s sports increased gradually over the following six years, and by 2014 the average monthly amount had risen to just over £30. officially join a course, school, Looking at participation numbers, in 2008 approximately 8 million British children played football, while only 2 million children were enrolled in swimming clubs and less than 1 million practised athletics. The figures for football participation remained relatively stable over the following 6 years. By contrast, participation in swimming almost doubled, to nearly 4 million children, and there was a near fivefold increase in the number of children doing athletics. following six years: tăng dầ n trong sáu năm tiế p theo enrol = to arrange for yourself or for somebody else to etc.: ghi danh remained relatively stable: giữ tương đố i ổn định participation in = the act of taking part in an activity or event: việc tham gia vào ... double = to become, or make something become, twice as much or as many: gấ p đôi there was a near fivefold increase in ...: có một sự tăng gầ n như gấ p 5 lầ n trong ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 4 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows the average number of UK commuters travelling each day by car, bus or train between 1970 and 2030. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph compares figures for daily travel by workers in the UK using three different forms of transport over a period of 60 years. the most popular means of transport: phương tiện giao thông phổ biế n It is clear that the car is by far the most popular means of transport for UK commuters throughout the period shown. Also, while the numbers of people who use the car and train increase gradually, the number of bus users falls steadily. nhấ t In 1970, around 5 million UK commuters travelled by car on a daily basis, while the bus and train were used by about 4 million and 2 million people respectively. In the year 2000, the number of those driving to work rose to 7 million and the number of commuting rail passengers reached 3 million. However, there was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users. dầ n By 2030, the number of people who commute by car is expected to reach almost 9 million, and the number of train users is also predicted to rise, to nearly 5 million. By contrast, buses are predicted to become a less popular choice, with only 3 million daily users. throughout the period shown: trong suố t thời gian được nêu ra increase gradually: tăng falls steadily: giảm dầ n on a daily basis: hàng ngày respectively: lầ n lượt there was a small drop ... in: có một sự giảm nhẹ ... trong is expected to: được dự đoán ... is also predicted to: cũng được dự đoán ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 5 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph shows changes in the per capita consumption of beef, pork, broilers and turkey in the United States between 1955 and 2012. per capita = for each person: bình quân đầ u người pork = meat from a pig that has not been cured (= preserved It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat for the majority of the 57-year period. However, a considerable rise can be seen in the consumption of broilers, with figures eventually surpassing those for beef. using salt or smoke): thịt heo Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of 90 pounds per person per year. During the same period, consumption of broilers also rose, to nearly 30 pounds per person, while the figures for pork fluctuated between 50 and 40 pounds per person. Turkey was by far the least popular meat, with figures below 10 pounds per capita each year. surpassing those for ...: với con số By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average American had plummeted to around 50 pounds, but the consumption of broilers had doubled since the 1970s, to approximately 55 pounds per capita. By contrast, there were no significant changes in the trends for pork and turkey consumption over the period as a whole. broiler = a young chicken suitable for broiling or roasting: gà thịt the majority of ... : phầ n lớn ... with figures eventually cuố i cùng vượt qua con số của ... during the same period: trong cùng thời gian đó by far = by a great amount: cho đế n nay plummet (v) = to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position: giảm nhanh/đột ngột double: gấ p đôi there were no significant changes in the trends for ...: không có thay đổi đáng kể nào trong xu hướng cho ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 6 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows US consumers' average annual expenditures on cell phone and residential phone services between 2001 and 2010 Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and landline phone services from 2001 to 2010. average yearly spending: chi tiêu trung bình hàng năm It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10year period, while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly. The year 2006 marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services. The year 2006 marks the In 2001, US consumers spent an average of nearly $700 on residential phone services, compared to only around $200 on cell phone services. Over the following five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200. By contrast, expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately $300. ...: chi trung bình bao In the year 2006, the average American paid out the same amount of money on both types of phone service, spending just over $500 on each. By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential services had fallen to just over half this amount. point at which ...: Năm 2006 đánh dấ u cột mố c tại đó ... spent an average of ... on nhiêu tiề n cho ... By contrast: Ngược lại paid out the same amount of money on: chi trả một lượng tiề n tương tự fallen to just over half this amount: giảm xuố ng chỉ hơn một nửa số tiề n này IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 7 LINE GRAPH The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of 100 years. It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040. Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population. see the most dramatic In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people. The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990. By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s. asudden increase in: Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040. By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively. changes in ...: thấ y những thay đổi lớn nhấ t trong ... một sự gia tăng đột ngột trong with a jump of: với mức tăng là bao nhiêu respectively = in the same order as the people or things already mentioned: lầ n lượt IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 8 PIE CHART The charts below show the results of a questionnaire that asked visitors to the Parkway Hotel how they rated the hotel's customer service. The same questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years 2005 and 2010. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The pie charts compare visitors’ responses to a survey about customer service at the Parkway Hotel in 2005 and in 2010. It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to 2010. While most hotel guests rated customer service as satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 2010. Looking at the positive responses first, in 2005 only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its customer service as excellent, but this figure rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while only 14% of guests described customer service in the hotel as good in 2005, almost three times as many people gave this rating five years later. With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarly, the proportion of people who thought customer service was very poor dropped from 15% to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of ‘satisfactory’ ratings in 2010 reflects the fact that more people gave positive responses to the survey in that year. customer satisfaction: sự hài lòng của khách hàng majority = the largest part of a group of people or things: phầ n lớn With regard to negative feedback: Về phản hồ i tiêu cực a fall in: một sự giảm trong positive responses: phản hồ i tích cực IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 9 PIE CHART The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the rest of the world. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The pie charts give information about the water used for residential, industrial and agricultural purposes in San Diego County, California, and the world as a whole. It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture in the two American regions. By contrast, agriculture accounts for the vast majority of water used worldwide. In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption accounts for 60% and 39% of total water usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used globally goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we look at water consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use, but only 17% and 28% of water usage in San Diego and California respectively. Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for industrial water use. The same proportion of water (23%) is used by industry in San Diego and worldwide, while the figure for California is 10% higher, at 33%. account for = to be a particular amount or part of something: chiế m ...% residential water consumption: lượng nước tiêu thụ của khu dân cư mere = used when you want to emphasize how small, unimportant, etc. somebody/something is: chỉ water consumption for agriculture: lượng nước tiêu thụ cho nông nghiệp industrial water use: lượng nước sử dụng trong công nghiệp IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 10 PIE CHART The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com fall into something = to be The pie charts compare the proportions of people falling into three distinct age groups in Yemen and Italy in two different years. It is clear that Italy had the older population in the year 2000, and that the same is predicted for the year 2050. The populations of both countries are expected to age over the fifty-year period. In the year 2000, just over half of the population of Yemen was aged 14 or under, while most Italians (61.6%) fell into the 15 to 59 age group, and only 14.3% were children under 15 years of age. People aged 60 or over accounted for almost a quarter of the Italian population, but only 3.6% of the inhabitants of Yemen. By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted to drop in both countries, most noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%. On the other hand, the figures for elderly people are expected to rise, by 2.1% in Yemen and a massive 18.2% in Italy. Finally, it is anticipated that the 15 to 59 age group will grow by around 10% in Yemen, but shrink by around 15% in Italy. able to be divided into something: chia thành three distinct age groups: ba nhóm tuổi riêng biệt age = to become older: già đi just over half of: chỉ hơn một nửa a quarter = one of four equal parts of something: 1/4 it is anticipated that: người ta dự đoán rằ ng reach a peak of ...: đạt đỉnh điểm/ điểm cao nhấ t là bao nhiêu shrink = to become or to make something smaller in size or amount: giảm IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 11 PIE CHART The three pie charts below show how the changes in annual spending by a particular UK schools in 1981, 1991, and 2001. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The pie charts compare the expenditure of a school in the UK in three different years over a 20-year period. expenditure = the act of spending or using money; an amount of It is clear that teachers’ salaries made up the largest proportion of the school’s spending in all three years (1981, 1991 and 2001). By contrast, insurance was the smallest cost in each year. money spent: chi tiêu In 1981, 40% of the school’s budget went on teachers’ salaries. This figure rose to 50% in 1991, but fell again by 5% in 2001. The proportion of spending on other workers’ wages fell steadily over the 20-year period, from 28% of the budget in 1981 to only 15% in 2001. The proportion of made up the largest proportion of: chiế m tỷ trọng lớn nhấ t spending on ...: Tỷ trọng chi tiêu cho ... fluctuate = to change frequently in size, Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached 8% in 2001. Finally, the percentages for resources and furniture/equipment fluctuated. The figure for resources was highest in 1991, at 20%, and the proportion of spending on furniture and equipment reached its peak in 2001, at 23%. amount, quality, etc., especially from one extreme to another: dao động reached its peak: đạt mức cao nhấ t IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 12 TABLE The table below gives information about the problems faced by children in two primary schools in 2005 and 2015. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The table compares two primary schools in terms of the proportions of their pupils who experienced seven different educational problems in the years 2005 and 2015. It is noticeable that school A had higher proportions of children with all seven educational difficulties in both years. However, while school A managed to reduce the incidence of most of the problems between 2005 and 2015, school B saw an overall rise in the percentage of children who were struggling. In 2005, 42% of school A’s pupils found it difficult to follow instructions, whereas only 6% of pupils in school B experienced this problem. Similarly, between 30 and 40 per cent of children attending school A had problems in the areas of spelling, listening, verbal expression and concentration in lessons, while the equivalent figures for school B stood at between 5 and 15 per cent. In 2015, the difference between the two schools was less pronounced. Notably, the proportion of children who struggled to follow instructions fell by 24% in school A, and this school also saw falls of 22%, 15%, 14% and 5% in the figures for children who had problems with concentration, listening, verbal expression and spelling. In school B, however, the proportion of children who struggled with spelling and following instructions doubled, to 10% and 12% respectively, and there was almost no change in the incidence of listening, verbal or concentration problems. in terms of something = used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it: về mặt educational problems: vấ n đề giáo dục saw an overall rise: nhìn thấ y sự gia tăng tổng thể found it difficult to: gặp khó khăn the equivalent figures: những con số tương đương pronounced = very obvious, easy to notice or strongly expressed: rõ rệt struggled with: gặp khó khăn there was almost no change in: hầ u như không có sự thay đổi về IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 13 TABLE The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The tables show the amount of money spent on Fairtrade coffee and bananas in two separate years in the UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden. It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five European countries from 1999 to 2004, but sales of Fairtrade bananas only went up in three out of the five countries. Overall, the UK saw by far the highest levels of spending on the two products. In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of Fairtrade coffee, at €3 million, while revenue from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at €15 million. By 2004, however, sales of Fairtrade coffee in the UK had risen to €20 million, and this was over three times higher than Switzerland’s sales figure for Fairtrade coffee in that year. The year 2004 also saw dramatic increases in the money spent on Fairtrade bananas in the UK and Switzerland, with revenues rising by €32 million and €4.5 million respectively. Sales of the two Fairtrade products were far lower in Denmark, Belgium and Sweden. Small increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be seen, but revenue remained at €2 million or below in all three countries in both years. Finally, it is noticeable that the money spent on Fairtrade bananas actually fell in Belgium and Sweden. sale = the number of items sold: doanh số the highest levels of spending: mức chi tiêu cao nhấ t cho revenue = the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business: doanh thu three times higher than: cao gấ p ba lầ n so với saw dramatic increases in: chứng kiế n sự gia tăng đáng kể trong it is noticeable that: điề u đáng chú ý là IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 14 TABLE The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The chart compares the amounts of waste that were produced in six countries in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. In each of these years, the US produced more waste than Ireland, Japan, Korea, Poland and Portugal combined. It is also noticeable that Korea was the only country that managed to reduce its waste output by the year 2000. combined = (of two or Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in the US rose from 131 to 192 million tonnes, and rising trends were also seen in Japan, Poland and Portugal. Japan’s waste output increased from 28 to 53 million tonnes, while Poland and Portugal saw waste totals increase from 4 to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million tonnes respectively. thải The trends for Ireland and Korea were noticeably different from those described above. In Ireland, waste production increased more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000. Korea, by contrast, cut its waste output by 12 million tonnes between 1990 and 2000. more things) put, added or joined together: cộng lại waste output: lượng rác saw waste totals increase: thấ y tổng lượng chấ t thải tăng lên increased more than eightfold: tăng hơn tám lầ n by contrast: ngược lại IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 15 TABLE The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in different areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work in twelve areas of the UK in the years 2001 and 2011. cycled to work: đạp xe đi làm travelled to work by Overall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle rose considerably over the 10-year period. Inner London had by far the highest number of cycling commuters in both years. bicycle: đi làm bằ ng xe In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by bicycle, and this figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of 144%. By contrast, although outer London had the second highest number of cycling commuters in each year, the percentage change, at only 45%, was the lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table. resident = a person who Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the number of residents cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms of total numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011. Figures for the other eight areas were below the 10 thousand mark in both years. đạp cycling commuters: người đi xe đạp đi làm lives in a particular place or who has their home there: cư dân commuted by bicycle: đi lại bằ ng xe đạp in terms of something = used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it: về mặt IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 16 TABLE The table below shows the percentage of mobile phones owners using various mobile features. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com function = a special The table compares the percentages of people using different functions of their mobile phones between 2006 and 2010. Throughout the period shown, the main reason why people used their mobile phones was to make calls. However, there was a marked increase in the popularity of other mobile phone features, particularly the Internet search feature. In 2006, 100% of mobile phone owners used their phones to make calls, while the next most popular functions were text messaging (73%) and taking photos (66%). By contrast, less than 20% of owners played games or music on their phones, and there were no figures for users doing Internet searches or recording video. Over the following 4 years, there was relatively little change in the figures for the top three mobile phone features. However, the percentage of people using their phones to access the Internet jumped to 41% in 2008 and then to 73% in 2010. There was also a significant rise in the use of mobiles to play games and to record video, with figures reaching 41% and 35% respectively in 2010. activity or purpose of a person or thing: chức năng there was a marked increase in: có sự gia tăng rõ rệt there were no figures for: không có số liệu nào cho Over the following 4 years: Trong 4 năm tiế p theo there was relatively little change in: có tương đố i ít thay đổi trong jump = to rise suddenly by a large amount: tăng There was also a significant rise in: Cũng có sự gia tăng đáng kể về IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 17 TABLE The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002. Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category – 2002 Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of products and services in five countries in 2002. consumer expenditure: chi tiêu của người tiêu It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table. dùng Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at 4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries. common: khoản mục It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher figures for these categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%. category = a group of people or things with particular features in Out of the five countries: Trong số năm quố c gia The proportion of spending on ...: Tỷ trọng chi tiêu cho ... expenditure on ... = the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent: chi tiêu cho ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 18 TABLE The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household in Australia in the year 1999. It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples, and people with children were more likely to be poor than those without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among elderly people. poverty rates: tỷ lệ người Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty in 1999. Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively. trong nghèo đói Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with no children: while 19% of single people in this group were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at only 7%. nghèo elderly people: người cao tuổi living in poverty: số ng one fifth: 1/5 to be classed as ...: được xế p vào loại ... The same pattern can be seen ...: Điề u tương tự cũng có thể thấ y ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 19 TABLE The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities. The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year. It is clear that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems. The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is also the largest system, with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometres of route. However, it serves more people per year. While only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1,927 million passengers per year. Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive, with 126 kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year. in terms of something = used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it: về mặt, về vấ n đề gì serve significantly more passengers than: phục vụ nhiề u hành khách hơn đáng kể so với with 394 kilometres of route: với 394 km lộ trình half the size of ...: một nửa kích thước của ... is easily the most used: được sử dụng nhiề u nhấ t Of the three newer networks: Trong số ba mạng mới hơn extensive = covering a large area; great in amount: rộng IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 20 BAR CHART The chart below shows the amount of time that 10 to 15-year-olds spend chatting on the Internet and playing on games consoles on an average school day in the UK. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds in the UK on two activities, namely chatting online and playing computer games. Overall, we can see that playing computer games is marginally more popular than chatting on the Internet. However, completely different trends can be seen if we look at the specific figures for boys and girls. Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly favour playing on games consoles over chatting online. According to the chart, while 85% of boys play computer games every day, only 55% chat online daily. Furthermore, the majority of boys play on their consoles for more than one hour each day, and 10% do this activity for four hours or more. By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to 15-year-old girls engage in online conversation each day, compared to about 50% of this cohort who play computer games. Of the girls who do play on consoles, most of them play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who chat online do so for more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for four hours or more. marginally = very slightly; not very much: một chút completely different trends can be seen if we look at: những xu hướng hoàn toàn khác nhau có thể được nhìn thấ y nế u chúng ta nhìn vào Boys aged between 10 and 15: Bé trai từ 10 đế n 15 tuổi favour ... over: thích ... hơn the majority of: đa số By contrast: Ngược lại prefer = to like one thing or person better than another; to choose one thing rather than something else because you like it better: thích close to: gầ n engage in = to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something: tham gia vào IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 21 BAR CHART The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart compares the amount of time spent by people in the UK on three different types of phone call between 1995 and 2002. It is clear that calls made via local, fixed lines were the most popular type, in terms of overall usage, throughout the period shown. The lowest figures on the chart are for mobile calls, but this category also saw the most dramatic increase in user minutes. In 1995, people in the UK used fixed lines for a total of just over 70 billion minutes for local calls, and about half of that amount of time for national or international calls. By contrast, mobile phones were only used for around 4 billion minutes. Over the following four years, the figures for all three types of phone call increased steadily. By 1999, the amount of time spent on local calls using landlines had reached a peak at 90 billion minutes. Subsequently, the figure for this category fell, but the rise in the other two types of phone call continued. In 2002, the number of minutes of national / international landline calls passed 60 billion, while the figure for mobiles rose to around 45 billion minutes. in terms of something = used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it: về ... throughout the period shown: trong suố t thời gian hiển thị saw the most dramatic increase in: chứng kiế n ... tăng đáng kể nhấ t. Bycontrast: Ngược lại Over the following four years: Trong bố n năm tiế p theo reached a peak: đạt mức cao nhấ t pass = (of an amount) to become greater than a particular total: vượt IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 22 BAR CHART The charts below compare the age structure of the population of France and India in 1984. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The two charts compare the populations of France and India in terms of age distribution by gender in the year 1984. It is clear that the population of India was younger than that of France in 1984, with a noticeably larger proportion of people aged under 20. France, on the other hand, had a significantly larger percentage of elderly inhabitants. In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 or under, and each five-year age bracket above this contained an increasingly smaller proportion of the population. France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly distributed across the age ranges, with similar figures (around 7% to 8% of all people) for each five-year cohort between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between 10% and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but the equivalent figure for India was only 2%. Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably higher proportion of French women than men in every cohort from age 50 upwards. For example, almost 3% of French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just under 2% were men. No significant gender differences can be seen on the Indian population chart. IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com age distribution by gender: phân bố độ tuổi theo giới tính elderly inhabitants: cư dân lớn tuổi more evenly distributed: phân bổ đồ ng đề u hơn Looking more closely at: Nhìn kỹ hơn vào ... cohort = a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour: nhóm 23 BAR CHART The bar graph shows the global sales (in billions of dollars) of different types of digital games between 2000 and 2006. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart compares the turnover in dollars from sales of video games for four different platforms, namely mobile phones, online, consoles and handheld devices, from 2000 to 2006. console = a small It is clear that sales of games for three out of the four platforms rose each year, leading to a significant rise in total global turnover over the 7-year period. Sales figures for handheld games were at least twice as high as those for any other platform in almost every year. electronic device for In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games stood at around $11 billion, while console games earned just under $6 billion. No figures are given for mobile or online games in that year. Over the next 3 years, sales of handheld video games rose by about $4 billion, but the figure for consoles decreased by $2 billion. Mobile phone and online games started to become popular, with sales reaching around $3 billion in 2003. handheld games: trò In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7 billion dollars respectively. By contrast, turnover from console games dropped to its lowest point, at around $2.5 billion. playing video games: máy chơi trò chơi điện tử sales figures: doanh số bán hàng chơi cầ m tay No figures are given for ...: Không có số liệu nào được đưa ra cho ... dropped to its lowest point: giảm xuố ng điểm thấ p nhấ t IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 24 BAR CHART The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve different countries. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com in terms of something = The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of medals that they have won at the Olympic Games. used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation. It is also noticeable that the figures for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country tend to be fairly similar. you are thinking about it: The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including approximately 900 gold medals, 750 silver and 650 bronze. In second place on the all-time medals chart is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 medals. Again, the number of gold medals won by this country is slightly higher than the number of silver or bronze medals. the winner of a Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500 Olympic medals, all with similar proportions of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and the Soviet Union, China is the only other country with a noticeably higher proportion of gold medals (about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about 100 each). về ... medal = a flat piece of metal, usually like a coin in shape, that is given to competition or to somebody who has been brave, for example in war: huy chương by far = by a great amount: hơn hẳn fairly similar: khá giố ng nhau In second place: Ở vị trí thứ hai apart from = in addition to; as well as: ngoài ... ra IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 25 BAR CHART The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million passenger miles travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100 million passenger miles travelled on five different types of public transport in 2002. incident = something that happens, especially something unusual or It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demandresponse vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures. unpleasant: sự cố A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took place on demand-response transport services. These figures were nearly three times as high as those for the second highest category, bus services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on buses. accident: thương tích Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light rail trains equalled the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such events than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were even less likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17 injuries occurred on commuter trains. injury = harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, for example in an take place = to happen, especially after previously being arranged or planned: xảy ra equal = to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as something else: ngang bằ ng occur = to happen: xảy ra IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 26 BAR GRAPH The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The three bar charts show average years of schooling, numbers of scientists and technicians, and research and development spending in developing and developed countries. Figures are given for 1980 and 1990. average years of schooling: số năm đi học trung bình It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed countries are much higher than those for developing nations. Also, the charts show an overall increase in participation in education and science from 1980 to 1990. show an overall People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3 years, with only a slight increase in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990. On the other hand, the figure for industrialised countries rose from nearly 9 years of schooling in 1980 to nearly 11 years in 1990. double = to become, From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people. Spending on research and development also saw rapid growth in these countries, reaching $350 billion in 1990. By contrast, the number of science workers in developing countries remained below 20 per 1000 people, and research spending fell from about $50 billion to only $25 billion. IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com increase in: cho thấ y sự gia tăng tổng thể attend school: đi học or make something become, twice as much or as many: gấ p đôi spending on ...: Chi tiêu vào ... see rapid growth: chứng kiế n sự tăng trưởng nhanh chóng 27 BAR CHART The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com Percentage change in average house prices in five different cities 1990 – 2002 compared with 1989 The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a period of 13 years from 1989. We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of the cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period. Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt. Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more, with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an average home in Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable. house prices: giá nhà experienced by far the greatest changes in ...: trải qua những thay đổi lớn nhấ t trong ... the cost of average homes: chi phí của những ngôi nhà trung bình jump = to rise suddenly by a large amount: tăng homebuyer = a person who buys a house, flat, etc.: người mua nhà pay significantly more: trả nhiề u hơn đáng kể remain stable: giữ ổn định IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 28 BAR GRAPH The chart below shows figures for attendances at hospital emergency care departments in Northern Ireland by age group in December 2016 and December 2017. Attendances at emergency care departments per 1000-population Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart compares the number of visits made by people in six age categories to hospital emergency wards in Northern Ireland in the December of 2016 and 2017. It is clear that elderly people and the youngest children were the most frequent visitors to A&E (accident and emergency) departments. Also, there was a slight increase in the rate of emergency care attendances among all six age groups from December 2016 to December 2017. Looking first at the older age groups, roughly 65 out of every 1000 people aged 75 and over attended A&E wards in December 2016, and this rose to almost 70 attendances per 1000-population one year later. Interestingly, those aged 65 to 74 were less than half as likely to require emergency treatment, with around 30 attendances per 1000-population in both months. At the other end of the age scale, the figures for A&E visits by under5s rose marginally from around 50 to approximately 52 per 1000population over the one-year period. Children aged 5 to 15 made the fewest visits, at just over 20 per 1000-population in both months. Finally, there was almost no difference in the figures for emergency care attendances among people aged 16 to 44, 45 to 64 and 65 to 74. hospital emergency wards: các khu cấ p cứu của bệnh viện frequent visitors: những người thường xuyên đế n bệnh viện there was a slight increase in ...: có sự gia tăng nhẹ trong ... attendance = the number of people present at an organized event: người tới khám rose marginally: tăng nhẹ made the fewest visits: đế n thăm khám ít nhấ t IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 29 BAR CHART The chart below compares levels of recycling, as well as some less environmentally friendly forms of waste management, in fifteen European countries. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com recycle = to treat things The bar chart shows the percentage of waste that is recycled, put into landfill or incinerated in various EU countries. If we look at the fifteen EU countries as a whole, it is clear that more waste goes to landfill sites than to any other refuse management facility. In fact, while around half of the countries put the majority of their waste into landfill sites, only two countries recycle at least 50% of the waste that they produce. Austria and Belgium are the most environmentally friendly of the fifteen countries, recycling around 60% and 50% of their waste respectively. Germany, Sweden and Belgium also appear to have effective recycling programmes, resulting in roughly 40% of waste being processed in this way in each country. Other EU countries recycle far less. Greece, Ireland and the UK, for example, only recycle around 10% of refuse, and put between 80 and 90 per cent of their waste into landfill. Finally, while most nonrecycled waste in the EU area goes to landfill, four countries, namely Luxembourg, Sweden, the Netherlands and Denmark, incinerate more waste than they bury. that have already been used so that they can be used again: tái chế put into landfill: đưa vào bãi chôn lấ p incinerate = to burn something, especially waste material, until it is completely destroyed: đố t goes to landfill sites: được chuyển đế n các bãi chôn lấ p refuse management facility: cơ sở quản lý rác thải environmentally friendly: thân thiện với môi trường non-recycled waste: chấ t thải không tái chế IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 30 MULTIPLE GRAPHS AND CHARTS The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The pie chart compares figures for visitors to four categories of tourist attraction and to five different theme parks in Britain in 1999. tourist attraction: địa It is clear that theme parks and museums/ galleries were the two most popular types of tourist attraction in that year. Blackpool Pleasure Beach received by far the highest proportion of visitors in the theme park sector. điểm du lịch Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors went to a theme park, and 37% of them went to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic houses and monuments were visited by only 16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and zoos were the least popular of the four types of tourist attraction, with only 9% of visitors. xu hướng cho A và B rấ t In the theme park sector, almost half of the people surveyed (47%) had been to Blackpool Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%. Finally, Chessington World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor had each welcomed 10% of the surveyed visitors. theme park: công viên giải trí the trends for both A and B were very similar: giố ng nhau Looking at the information in more detail: Nhìn vào thông tin chi tiế t hơn the least popular: ít phổ biế n nhấ t the second most popular: phổ biế n thứ hai IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 31 MULTIPLE GRAPHS AND CHARTS The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these oneperson households. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The two charts give information about single-occupant households in England in the year 2011. The bar chart compares figures for occupants' age and gender, and the pie chart shows data about the number of bedrooms in these homes. single-occupant households: hộ gia đình Overall, females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than males, and this difference is particularly noticeable in the older age categories. We can also see that the most common number of bedrooms in a single-occupant home was two. chỉ có 1 người sinh số ng A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in England in 2011 were female. Women made up around 72% of single occupants aged 75 to 84, and 76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast, among younger adults the figures for males were higher. For example, in the 35-49 age category, men accounted for nearly 65% of people living alone. account for ... % = to be a In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households in England had two bedrooms, while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the total. Under 7% of singleoccupant homes had four or more bedrooms. make up ... % = to form something: chiế m ...% single occupants: người độc thân particular amount or part of something: chiế m ...% people living alone: người số ng một mình one-person households: hộ gia đình một người IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 32 MULTIPLE GRAPHS AND CHARTS The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in the city of Kolkata. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over the course of a calendar year in Kolkata. It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July to August, while temperatures are highest in April and May. Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata rise from their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of just over 30°C. Average rainfall in the city also rises over the same period, from approximately 20mm of rain in January to 100mm in May. While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months, the amount of rainfall more than doubles between May and June. Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm from June to September, peaking at around 330mm in July. The final three months of the year see a dramatic fall in precipitation, to a low of about 10mm in December, and a steady drop in temperatures back to the January average. precipitation = rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls: lượng mưa to remain relatively stable: giữ tương đố i ổn định rise from their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of: tăng từ điểm thấ p nhấ t ở khoảng 20°C lên đế n đỉnh điểm stay roughly the same: gầ n như giố ng nhau peaking at: đạt đế n đỉnh điểm see a dramatic fallin: chứng kiế n sự sụt giảm đáng kể IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 33 MULTIPLE GRAPHS AND CHARTS The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes around the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo. rose significantly: tăng đáng kể accounted for the It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000, and that agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo. largest proportion of: In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide. The figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of that amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture had increased to around 3000km³, industrial water use had risen to just under half that amount, and domestic consumption had reached approximately 500km³. one fifth: 1/5 In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was much higher than that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be explained by the fact that Brazil had 265 times more irrigated land. chiế m tỷ trọng lớn nhấ t trong ... water consumption: sự tiêu thụ nước respectively = in the same order as the people or things already mentioned: lầ n lượt this could be explained by the fact that: điề u này có thể được giải thích bởi thực tế là irrigated land: đấ t được tưới tiêu IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 34 MULTIPLE GRAPHS AND CHARTS The charts below show reasons for travel and the main issues for the travelling public in the US in 2009. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The bar chart and pie chart give information about why US residents travelled and what travel problems they experienced in the year 2009. It is clear that the principal reason why Americans travelled in 2009 was to commute to and from work. In the same year, the primary concern of Americans, with regard to the trips they made, was the cost of travelling. Looking more closely at the bar chart, we can see that 49% of the trips made by Americans in 2009 were for the purpose of commuting. By contrast, only 6% of trips were visits to friends or relatives, and one in ten trips were for social or recreation reasons. Shopping was cited as the reason for 16% of all travel, while unspecific ‘personal reasons’ accounted for the remaining 19%. According to the pie chart, price was the key consideration for 36% of American travellers. Almost one in five people cited safety as their foremost travel concern, while aggressive driving and highway congestion were the main issues for 17% and 14% of the travelling public. Finally, a total of 14% of those surveyed thought that access to public transport or space for pedestrians were the most important travel issues. with regard to: liên quan đế n accounted for the remaining: chiế m phầ n còn lại. According to ...: Dựa theo ... the key consideration: sự cân nhắ c quan trọng aggressive driving: lái xe quá khích, cẩu thả highway congestion: tắ c nghẽ n đường cao tố c access to ... : tiế p cận với ... IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 35 PROCESS The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from egg to adult fish. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com from birth to maturity: từ khi sinh ra The diagram illustrates the stages in the life of the salmon, from birth to maturity. đế n khi trưởng thành It is clear that there are six main stages as the salmon develops from egg to mature adult. We can also see that salmon spend time in three distinct locations during the cycle, moving from river to estuary to ocean and then back upstream. Salmon begin their lives in rivers where the adult fish lay and incubate their eggs. After emerging from eggs, the young salmon spend the next stage of their lives being reared in freshwater areas. Then, at some point in their development, the fish swim downstream to river estuaries where rearing continues. Following the estuary rearing period, the maturing salmon migrate to the ocean, where they eventually become fully grown adults. Finally, the adult fish travel back upstream to spawning areas of rivers; here they reproduce and lay their eggs, and the life cycle begins anew. estuary = the wide part of a river where it flows into the sea: cửa sông upstream = along a river, in the opposite direction to the way in which the water flows: ngược dòng incubate = (of a bird) to sit on its eggs in order to keep them warm until they hatch: ấ p trứng being reared: được nuôi dưỡng downstream = in the direction in which a river flows: xuôi dòng migrate = (of birds, animals, etc.) to move from one part of the world to another according to the season: di cư spawning areas: khu vực sinh sản anew = if somebody does something anew, they do it again from the beginning or do it in a different way: lại/một lầ n nữa IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 36 PROCESS The diagram shows the life cycle of a honey bee. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com lays an egg: đẻ trứng The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. hatch = (of a young bird, fish, insect, etc.) to come out of an egg: nở We can see that the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect. immature = behaving in a way The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears. thành During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity. that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger: chưa trưởng grows in size: phát triển về kích thước sheds its skin: lột da moult = (of a bird or an animal) to lose feathers or hair before new feathers or hair grow: lột xác emerge = to start to exist; to appear or become known: xuấ t hiện reaches full maturity: đạt đế n độ trưởng thành hoàn toàn IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 37 Life cycle of the silkworm Mulberry leaf silkworm (food) PROCESS The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth. 10 days larva 4-6 weeks silk thread larva eggs cocoon 3-6 days moth 16 days Production of silk cloth Select Boil Unwind water 300-900m thread Twist dye Weave Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth. silkworm cocoon: kén tằ m hatch = (of a young bird, fish, insect, etc.) to come out of an There are four main stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to adult moth. The process of silk cloth production involves six steps, from silkworm cocoon to silk material. egg: nở At the first stage in the life cycle of a silkworm, the moth lays its eggs. Around ten days later, silkworm larvae hatch from the eggs; these larvae feed on mulberry leaves. Then, after four to six weeks, the larvae become covered in silk thread, and it takes between three and eight days for a full cocoon to be produced. phủ bởi ... For silk cloth production, a cocoon is first selected and then boiled in water. After boiling, the silk thread that makes up the cocoon is unwound, and then several strands of thread are twisted together. At the fifth and sixth stages in the process, the thread can either be dyed and then woven into silk fabric, or it can be woven first and then dyed subsequently. feed on ... = (of an animal) to eat something: ăn ... become covered in ...: được bao ittakes between three and eight days for a full cocoon to be produced: phải mấ t từ ba đế n tám ngày để tạo ra một cái kén đầ y đủ is boiled in water: được đun sôi trong nước is unwound: được tháo ra (thành sợi) are twisted together: được đan lại với nhau be dyed: được nhuộm be woven: được dệt IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 38 PROCESS The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com is collected: được thu The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. nhặt It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper. At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill. Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper. sorted by hand: được phân loại bằ ng tay separated according to ...: được phân loại theo ... be removed = to take somebody/something away from a place: bị loại bỏ is cleaned: được làm sạch is pulped = to press hard on or beat something so that it becomes soft and wet: được nghiề n thành bột are taken out: bị loại bỏ IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 39 PROCESS The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in supermarkets and shops. pick the coffee beans cool them rapidly dry them grind them freeze the mixture mix with hot water grind the frozen liquid roast the beans strain the mixture dry it in a vacuum Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com pack into jars The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market. It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process begins with the picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing stage. Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the fields. These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee granules. At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting mixture is strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules. Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops. be picked: được hái be dried = with all the liquid removed in order to preserve something: được sấ y khô be roasted = to cook food, especially meat, without liquid in an oven or over a fire; to be cooked in this way: được rang be cooled: được làm nguội coffee granules: hạt cà phê is mixed with: được trộn với is strained: được lọc is frozen: được đông lạnh grinder = a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder: máy xay evaporate = if a liquid evaporates or if something evaporates it, it changes into a gas, especially steam: bay hơi IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 40 PROCESS INCOMING INFORMATION ANALYSIS & FORECASTING BROADCAST PREPARING THE BROADCAST satellite satellite photo The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-theminute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts TV newsreader radar radio radar screen synoptic chart recorded announcement Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com drifting buoy forecast the weather: dự The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather. There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information about the weather. This information is then analysed, prepared for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public. Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart. At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement. báo thời tiế t analyse = to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it: phân tích broadcast to the public: phát sóng tới công chúng satellite = an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or another planet. It is used for communicating by radio, television, etc. and for gathering information: vệ tinh analysis: sự phân tích be passed to ...: được chuyển đế n ... drifting buoys: phao trôi IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 41 PROCESS The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process known as the water cycle. the water cycle: vòng tuầ n hoàn của nước evaporate (v) = if a liquid evaporates or if something evaporates it, it changes Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again. into a gas, especially steam: bay hơi Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage, labelled ‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water falls as rain or snow. condense (v) = to change from a gas into At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise, rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the cycle. vapour (n) = a mass of very small drops of liquid in the air, for example steam: hơi nước a liquid; to make a gas change into a liquid: ngưng tụ precipitation (n) = rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls: lượng mưa surface runoff: dòng chảy bề mặt filter through the ground: lọc qua mặt đấ t the impervious layer of the earth: lớp không thấ m nước của trái đấ t take place = to happen, especially after previously being arranged or planned: diễ n ra IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 42 MAP The diagrams below show the site of a school in 2004 and the plan for changes to the school site in 2024. IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 43 Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004 with a proposed site design for the year 2024. layout (n) = the way in which the parts of something such as the It is clear that the main change for 2024 involves the addition of a new school building. The school will then be able to accommodate a considerably larger number of students. page of a book, a website, a In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two school buildings were separated by a path running from the main entrance to the sports field. By 2024, it is expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and a third building will have been constructed. Furthermore, the plan is to join the two original buildings together, creating a shorter path that links the buildings only. somebody with a room or place As the third building and a second car park will be built on the site of the original sports field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid. A new road will also be built from the main entrance to the second car park. Finally, no changes will be made to the main entrance and original car park. garden or a building are arranged: cách bố trí accommodate (v) = to provide to sleep, live or sit: chứa separate (v) = to divide into different parts or groups; to divide things into different parts or groups: chia join ... together = to fix or connect two or more things together: kế t nố i... với nhau no changes will be made to: sẽ không có thay đổi nào được thực hiện đố i với IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 44 MAP Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village. Main road Motorway (built 1970) 1868 - 1883 1883 - 1922 1922 - 1970 Railway (built 1909) 1970 - 1994 Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994. It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway. From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village. The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads. transport infrastructure: cơ sở hạ tầ ng giao thông populated areas: khu vực đông dân cư covered a small area: bao phủ một khu vực nhỏ railway line = a track with rails on which trains run: đường ray expansion (n) = an act of increasing or making something increase in size, amount or importance: mở rộng take place = to happen, especially after previously being arranged or planned: diễ n ra intersection (n) = a place where two or more roads, lines, etc. meet or cross each other: ngã tư IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 45 MAP The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is now, and plans for its development. IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 46 Source: ielts-simon.com collected by ielts-nguyenhuyen.com The diagrams illustrate some proposed changes to the central area of the town of Islip. the principal change: sự thay đổi chính ring road = a road that is built around It is clear that the principal change to the town will be the construction of a ring road around the centre. Various other developments with regard to shops and housing will accompany the building of this road. a city or town to reduce traffic in the centre: đường vành đai with regard to = relating to somebody/something: liên quan đế n pedestrianisation = the process of Looking at the map of Islip as it is now, we can see that a main road runs through its centre from east to west. The second map shows the planned pedestrianisation of this road. Traffic will be diverted on to a dual carriageway that will form a ring around the town centre. making a street or part of a town into an area that is only for people who are walking, not for vehicles: quá trình xây dựng đường cho người bộ divert = to make somebody/something change directiont: chuyển hướng Currently there is a row of shops along either side of the main road. However, it appears that the shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be demolished to make way for a bus station, shopping centre, car park and new housing area. The shops along the south side of the street will remain, but it seems that the town’s park will be reduced in size so that more new houses can be built within the ring road. dual carriageway = a road with a narrow piece of land in the middle that divides the lines of traffic moving in opposite directions: làn kép be demolished to make way for ...: bị phá bỏ để nhường chỗ cho ... be reduced in size: được giảm quy mô IELTS Nguyễn Huyền 093 663 5052 ielts-nguyenhuyen.com tuvan@ielts-nguyenhuyen.com 47

IELTS Writing Task 1 Sample Answers by Simon

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