The Periodic Table!
Learning Objective: What patterns can we see in the Periodic Table?
State what the groups and
periods of the Periodic Table
tell you about the elements.
DO NOW:
Compare three
properties of
metal and nonmetal elements.
Use data to describe a trend
in physical properties.
Use patterns in data for
physical properties to
estimate a missing value for an
element.
Keywords:
• Periodic Table
• property
• groups
• periods
• trends
Fantastic Fact!
The Periodic Table has this name
because there is a repeating
pattern of properties, like the
repeating pattern of menstrual
periods.
DO NOW: Comparing the properties of metals
and non-metals
Metals
Usually solid.
Shiny, malleable, ductile,
and sonorous.
Good conductors of heat
and electricity.
Have high melting points
and high densities.
Non-metals
Usually gases or liquids.
Dull, brittle, and are not
sonorous.
Poor conductors of heat
and electricity.
Have low melting points
and low densities.
RECALL: Metal, non-metal, or metalloid?
(1) Zinc
(2) Carbon
(3) Silicon
(4) Boron
(5) Potassium
(6) Argon
(7) Iron
(8) Astatine
(9) Chlorine
(10) Magnesium
CHALLENGE:
What properties
do metals and
non-metals have?
Critical thinking Questions: Pick one
question to answer below….
1. Mercury is a metal but it is liquid
at room temperature. How does
this make it useful in
thermometers?
2. Silicon is a metalloid. It is a semi
conductor of electricity. How do
these anomalous properties make it
useful?
How are elements arranged?
1808 John Dalton
One of the first suggestions came
from John Dalton. He arranged the
elements in order of their masses,
which had been measured in various
chemical reactions.
In 1808 he published a table of
elements in his book A New System of
Chemical Philosophy
The Periodic Table
There are 98 elements that exist
naturally. Can you remember all their
properties?
Luckily, you don’t need to. There are
patterns in element properties.
You can predict the properties of an
element from its place in the Periodic
Table.
In 1869 Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev used patterns in
properties to create the first Periodic Table.
At the time there were only 60 known elements. Using patterns
in the table he was able to predict that new elements would be
discovered. He left gaps in the table so that new elements
could be filled in.
Metals or non-metals?
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements, arranged according to
similarities in their properties. It also shows the chemical symbol of each element.
Where are metals and non-metals located in the periodic table?
Metals are on
the left and in
the centre.
Non-metals
are mostly on
the right.
Metalloids
Where in the periodic table can you find the metalloids
(sometimes called semi-metals)?
The metalloids
are located here.
How are the elements arranged?
The elements in the periodic table are arranged in families called groups and periods. A group is a
vertical column in the periodic table; a period is a horizontal row.
Elements in the
same group tend
to have similar
properties.
periods 1 to 7
groups 0 to 7
Going down a group, there is a pattern in the properties such as melting point, boiling point, and
density. Density is how much mass something has for its volume. Going across a period, there are
patterns in the properties of the elements such as the melting points of the Period 2 and Period 3
elements.
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
Bromine
group
period
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
Calcium
group
period
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
Neon
group
period
TASK: THE PERIODIC TABLE WS
• Group 1 ‘The alkali metals’
• Group 7 ‘The halogens’
groups 0 to 7
periods 1 to 7
Using different coloured
highlighter pens or different
types of shading, colour in each
of the following groups and give
them the heading shown:
• Group 0 ‘The noble gases’
INDEPENDENT TASKS: Complete Periodic Table Worksheets.
BRONZE Copy and complete the following table:
Task:
Element
Bromine
Symbol
Group
Challenge: Suggest reasons for
Hydrogen to be placed in group 1.
Period
Mg
Calcium
Neon
He
SILVER If two elements like helium and Neon are in
the same group, what does this tell us about their
properties?
GOLD
(a) The tables show the densities of
some metals. Predict the density of
palladium and justify your reasoning.
(b) The bar chart shows the melting
points of the Period 3 elements.
Describe the pattern shown in the
bar chart.
Element
Density
(g/cm3)
Element
Density
(g/cm3)
Cobalt
8.9
Nickel
8.9
Rhodium 12.4
Palladium
Iridium
Platinum
22.5
21.4
BRONZE Copy and complete the following table:
Element
Symbol
Group
Period
Bromine
Br
7
4
Magnesium
Mg
2
3
Calcium
Ca
2
4
Neon
Ne
0
2
Helium
He
0
1
Challenge: Suggest reasons for
Hydrogen to be placed in group 1.
SILVER: Elements in the same group tend to have similar physical and chemical properties.
GOLD: (a) The trend is the density increases down the group.
(b) The melting point increases from left to right for the first four elements. The melting points of the
other elements are low.
Element
Density
(g/cm3)
Element
Density
(g/cm3)
Cobalt
8.9
Nickel
8.9
Rhodium
12.4
Palladium
(15.0-16.0)
Iridium
22.5
Platinum
21.4
EXIT TICKET
Copy the sentences below, choosing the correct bold words.
The vertical columns of the Periodic Table are groups/periods. The horizontal
rows are groups/periods. There are patterns in element properties down/across
groups and down/across periods.
Element
Melting point (°C)
Element
Melting point (°C)
Iron
1535
Nickel
1453
Ruthenium
2500
Palladium
Osmium
3000
Platinum
Element
Melting point (°C)
Cobalt
1492
Rhodium
1970
Iridium
2440
1769
For the groups headed by iron and cobalt,
melting point increases from top to bottom.
Nickel’s group is likely to show the same
pattern.
Prediction range: between 1453°c - 1769°c.
CHALLENGE: The tables
opposite show data for
elements near palladium
in the Periodic Table.
Each table shows the
elements in one group.
Use the data to predict
the melting point of
palladium.
Research Task - The history of the periodic table!
Write two – three paragraphs about the history of the periodic table.
Research, make notes and then rewrite into your own words with just your basic
notes for help.
Dmitri Mendeleev 1869
1808 John Dalton
1864 John Newlands
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