1. Glenohumeral Dislocation



Definition: Displacement of the humeral head out of the glenoid fossa (shoulder socket).
Cause: Usually caused by abduction with external rotation during trauma, such as falling or in
contact sports.
Note: Over 95% are anterior dislocations.
2. Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Separation


Definition: Separation of the joint between the clavicle and the acromion (part of the scapula).
Cause: Fall on an outstretched arm, common in sports like hockey, rugby, and football.
3. Rotator Cuff Impingement Syndrome


Definition: Compression or irritation of the rotator cuff tendons, especially the supraspinatus,
under the acromion.
Cause: Repetitive overhead motions, such as swimming, painting, or playing tennis.
4. Rotator Cuff or Biceps Tendon Tear


Definition: Tear in one or more of the rotator cuff muscles or the tendon of the biceps brachii.
Cause: Forceful and repetitive rotational movements of the shoulder, like throwing or spiking.
5. Suprascapular Neuropathy


Definition: Nerve compression affecting the suprascapular nerve, leading to shoulder pain or
weakness.
Cause: Repetitive overhead activity, common in volleyball, baseball, gymnastics, or carrying
heavy backpacks.
6. Shoulder Bursitis


Definition: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) in the shoulder, which helps reduce
friction.
Cause: Friction or overuse of the joint due to repetitive movements or pressure.