1. Define the terms
a) Backwash: Water rolling back into the sea.
b) Coastal erosion: Along the coastline, waves pound against the
rocks, slowly chipping away the base of cliffs, forcing chunks of
rock to crumble and slide into the sea.
c) Climate: The average weather in a location over a long period of
time.
d) Weather: The state of the atmosphere at any given time, changing
from day to day and even hour to hour.
e) Condense: The process by which water vapour in the air is
changed into liquid water; it is responsible for the formation of
clouds.
f) Latitude: How far a place is north or south of the equator.
g) Global warming: The gradual increase of the earth’s surface
temperatures. The warming of the earth.
2. Explain what causes Tides and Waves.
Waves are caused by the wind dragging on the surface of the water.
Tides are caused by the moon traveling around earth; it attracts the sea
and pulls it upwards.
3. a) Explain the 3 types of work that waves do
Waves do 3 types of work:
They erode the coast.

They transport the eroded material.

They deposit it. A beach is made like this.

b) State the different types of erosion
hydraulic action

Attrition

Abrasion

Solution

4. Label the following diagram
5. Explain how each landform formed
1- Large crack opened up by erosion
2- Crack grows into a cave by erosion
3- Cave becomes larger
4- Cave breaks through the headland forming an arch
5- The Arch is eroded and collapses
6- This leaves a tall rock stack
7- The stack is eroded, forming a stump
6. State and explain 3 ways that coastal erosion can be prevented.
a. Rock armours: Big rocks absorb the waves' energy and slow down
erosion.
b. Revetments: Fence like objects where waves batter against, instead
of the cliffs, slowing down erosion.
c. Groynes: Stop sand from being carried away and absorb some of the
waves'
energy.
7. Explain 2 reasons why erosion is so severe in Happisburgh
a. The cliffs are soft since there is sand on top and clay below. Rain
soaks into the cliffs weakening them. The sea erodes them from below.
b. In winter storms bring high waves which lash the cliffs and chunks
collapse.
8. Explain the term tropical cyclones
Natural disasters that are a powerful spinning storm containing strong
winds and rain.
9. Draw and label a diagram of a typhoon
10. Explain how hurricanes are formed.
Warm moist air rises; surrounding air rushes in, gets warmed and rises,
creating a cycle. The earth’s rotation causes the system to spin, forming
the hurricane
11. State and explain the 3 parts of a Hurricane
a. Eye: The centre of the hurricane, no clouds and calm winds.
b. Eyewall: Heavy clouds and where the highest speed winds are.
c. Rainbands: These bands throw down huge amounts of rainfall
12. State 3 impacts of a typhoon
a. Damaging winds
b. Tornados
c. Erosion, hail, and coastal flooding
13. Explain the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases that act like a blanket in the atmosphere trap heat
around the earth causing a greenhouse effect.
14. How does climate change impact life on earth? Explain 3 ways
a. Hotter temperatures- There are more hot days and heat waves.
Higher temperatures increase heat-related illnesses
b. Increased drought- Less water. Deserts are expanding, and reducing
land for growing food. Droughts also cause dust storms.
c. More health risks. - Extreme weather events increase disease and
death making it difficult for health care systems to keep up.
15. Explain how the following factors cause CO2.
Fossil fuels: cars burn petrol and diesel which produce CO2.
Deforestation: large areas are cleared for land or to rear cattel and
other animals. Trees absorb CO2 so when cut, more CO2 is in the
atmosphere.
Rearing animals: meat comes from all parts of the world so
transporting them burns fuel which produces CO2.
16. What can you do to help reduce the impacts of global warming?
a. Reduce emissions- Use sustainable transportation, like bicycles, or
use public transport.
b. Save energy- Turn off your appliances when not in use.
c. Reduce, reuse and recycle
d. Eat low-carbon - Reduce your meat consumption, eat food locally
and avoid imports.
e. Act against deforestation - Plant a tree, it can absorb a ton of CO2.
17. Which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur in?
Troposphere
18. What type of air pressure is associated with warm air?
Low air pressure rising from the ground