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Irish Standard
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
Technical product documentation - Simplified
representation of pipelines - Part 1: General
rules and orthogonal representation (ISO
6412-1:2017)
© CEN 2018
No copying without NSAI permission except as permitted by copyright law.
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
Incorporating amendments/corrigenda/National Annexes issued since publication:
The National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) produces the following categories of formal documents:
I.S. xxx: Irish Standard — national specification based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.
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S.R. xxx: Standard Recommendation — recommendation based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.
SWiFT xxx: A rapidly developed recommendatory document based on the consensus of the participants of an NSAI workshop.
This document replaces/revises/consolidates the NSAI adoption of the document(s) indicated on the
CEN/CENELEC cover/Foreword and the following National document(s):
NOTE: The date of any NSAI previous adoption may not match the date of its original CEN/CENELEC
document.
This document is based on:
EN ISO 6412-1:2018
Published:
2018-02-07
This document was published
under the authority of the NSAI
and comes into effect on:
ICS number:
01.100.99
23.040.01
2018-02-25
NOTE: If blank see CEN/CENELEC cover page
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National Foreword
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018 is the adopted Irish version of the European Document EN ISO 6412-1:2018, Technical
product documentation - Simplified representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and orthogonal
representation (ISO 6412-1:2017)
This document does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
for its correct application.
For relationships with other publications refer to the NSAI web store.
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Compliance with this document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
In line with international standards practice the decimal point is shown as a comma (,) throughout this
document.
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
EN ISO 6412-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2018
ICS 01.100.99; 23.040.01
Supersedes EN ISO 6412-1:1994
English Version
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Technical product documentation - Simplified
representation of pipelines - Part 1: General rules and
orthogonal representation (ISO 6412-1:2017)
Documentation technique de produits - Représentation
simplifiée des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries - Partie 1:
Règles générales et représentation orthogonale (ISO
6412-1:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 October 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN ISO 6412-1:2018 E
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
EN ISO 6412-1:2018 (E)
Contents
Page
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European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
EN ISO 6412-1:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 6412-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10 “Process
plant documentation”.
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This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6412-1:1994.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6412-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6412-1:2018 without any
modification.
3
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
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INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO
6412-1
Second edition
2017-12
Technical product documentation —
Simplified representation of
pipelines —
Part 1:
General rules and orthogonal
representation
Documentation technique de produits — Représentation simplifiée
des tuyaux et lignes de tuyauteries —
Partie 1: Règles générales et représentation orthogonale
Reference number
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)
© ISO 2017
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii

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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Contents
Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1
2
3
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4
5
6
7
Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
General principles................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.1
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2
Representation of pipes................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.3
Scale................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4
Lines.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.4.1
Line thickness...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4.2
Types of line.......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.4.3
Spacing of lines................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.5
Lettering........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.6
Dimensioning............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.7
Tolerances.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Crossings and connections.......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Representation of equipment.................................................................................................................................................................. 6
6.1
General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.2
Fittings............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.3
Supports and hangers........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.4
Additional provisions......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.5
Adjoining apparatus............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
6.6
Direction of flow..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.7
Flanges............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Examples........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

iii
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical drawings, Subcommittee
SC 10, Process plant documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6412-1:1989), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references were updated;
— the document went under editorial revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 6412 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv

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Introduction
Depending on the information it is intended to convey and the form of representation required, a
distinction is made between graphical representation by means of orthogonal and that by means of
isometric representation.
This document deals with general rules used for both representations (orthogonal and isometric). Rules
applicable only to isometric representation are given in ISO 6412-2.
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For the purposes of this document, all dimensions and tolerances on the drawings have been stencilled
in upright lettering. It should be understood that these indications could just as well be written in freehand or inclined (italic) lettering without altering the meaning of the indications.
For the presentation of lettering (proportions and dimensions), see 4.4.
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)
Technical product documentation — Simplified
representation of pipelines —
Part 1:
General rules and orthogonal representation
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1 Scope
This document specifies rules and conventions for the execution of simplified drawings for the
representation of all kinds of pipes and pipelines made of all sorts of materials (rigid and flexible).
It is used whenever it is necessary to represent pipes or pipelines in a simplified manner.
For the purposes of this document, the figures illustrate the text only and should not be considered as
design examples.
NOTE
This document can also be used for the representation of similar installations, such as ventilation or
air-conditioning systems; in such cases, the term "duct", etc. is substituted for the term "pipe".
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 128 (all parts), Technical drawings — General principles of presentation
ISO 129-1, Technical product documentation (TPD) — Presentation of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphical symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1:
Graphical symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
ISO 3098-2, Technical drawings — Lettering — Part 2: Latin alphabet, numerals and marks
ISO 3545-1, Steel tubes and fittings — Symbols for use in specifications — Part 1: Tubes and tubular
accessories with circular cross-section
ISO 5261, Technical drawings — Simplified representation of bars and profile sections
ISO 5455, Technical drawings — Scales
ISO 6412-2, Technical product documentation — Simplified representation of pipelines — Part 2: Isometric
projection
ISO 6428, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying
ISO 7573, Technical product documentation — Parts lists
ISO 14617-2, Graphical symbols for diagrams — Part 2: Symbols having general application
ISO 14617-3, Graphical symbols for diagrams — Part 3: Connections and related devices
ISO 81714-1, Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of products — Part 1:
Basic rules
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1
orthogonal representation
projection method in which the projectors are at right angles to the projection plane
3.2
isometric representation
projection method in which each of the three coordinate axes is inclined at the same angle to the
projection plane
3.3
flow line
representation of the flow path of the inlet or outlet streams or of material, energy or energy carriers
4 General principles
4.1 Overview
In this clause, all general principles are specified which are common to the methods of projection and to
the pictorial representations, as recommended in this document.
4.2 Representation of pipes
The flow line representing a pipe (irrespective of its diameter), shall be a single continuous thick line
(type A, see Table 1), coinciding with the central line of the pipe.
Bends may be simplified by extending the straight length of the flow line to the vertex (see Figure 1).
However, bends may be shown for the sake of clarity in the form illustrated in Figure 2. In this case,
if projections of bends would otherwise have been elliptical, these projections may be simplified by
drawing circular arcs (see Figure 3).
4.3 Scale
If the drawing is to scale, this shall be indicated in accordance with ISO 5455.
4.4 Lines
4.4.1
Line thickness
In general, only one thickness of line shall be used. However, in cases where more than one line
thickness needs to be used, the line thicknesses shall be chosen from ISO 128-20; the relative
proportions of line thicknesses a:b:c shall be 2 : 2 : 1 . Different line thicknesses shall then be used as
follows (see also 4.4.2):
— line thickness a: main flow lines;
— line thickness b: secondary flow lines, lettering;
— line thickness c: leader lines, dimension lines, etc.
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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

4.4.2
Types of line
The types and thicknesses of line shown in Table 1 shall be used.
Table 1
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Number
of the basic
type in
accordance
with
ISO 128-20
01
04
09
a
A
b
Continuous wide line
01.1
B
a
Continuous narrow line
01.1
C
a
Continuous narrow freehand line
02.2
E
b
Dashed wide line
02.1
F
a
Dashed narrow line
04.1
G
a
Long dashed dotted narrow line
04.3
09.1
D
EJ
K
Four times the thickness of line type G.
4.4.3
Description
01.2
01.1
02
Line type in accordance
with ISO 128-20
a
c
a
Continuous narrow line
with zigzags
Long dashed dotted extra-wide linea
Long dashed double-short
dashed narrow line
Application
A1
B1
B2
B3
B4
C1/D1
E1
F1
F2
F3
F4
G1
EJ1
K1
K2
Flow lines and connected
parts
Hatching
Dimensioning
Leader lines
Isometric grid lines
Limits of partial or interrupted views and sections
Flow lines specified on other
drawing
Floor
Walls
Ceilings
Holes (hole punchings)
Centrelines
Contract boundary
Outlines of adjacent parts
Parts situated in front of the
cutting plane
Spacing of lines
In accordance with ISO 6428, the space between parallel lines (including hatching) shall not be less
than twice the thickness of the heaviest of these lines, with a minimum spacing of 0,7 mm.
The minimum spacing between adjacent flow lines and between flow lines and other lines should
be 10 mm.
4.5 Lettering
Lettering shall be in accordance with ISO 3098-2; lettering type B vertical is preferred. The line
thickness of the lettering shall be the same as the line thickness of those tpd-symbols to which the
lettering is close or associated in accordance with ISO 81714-1.
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

4.6 Dimensioning
4.6.1 In general, dimensioning shall be in accordance with ISO 129-1. Nominal dimensions may be
indicated in accordance with ISO 3545-1 using the short designation “DN” (see Figure 1).
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The outer diameter (d) and the wall thickness (t) of pipes may be indicated in accordance with ISO 5261
(see Figure 2). If necessary, a parts list (see ISO 7573) giving additional information on the pipes,
including the associated equipment, may be added to the drawing. Lengths shall start from the outer
faces of the pipe ends, flanges, or centre of the joint, whenever appropriate.
Figure 1
Figure 2
4.6.2 Pipes with bends should be generally dimensioned from central line to central line of the
pipelines (see Figures 1 and 2).
If it is necessary to specify the dimension from the outside or inside external protection or surface
of the pipe, the dimension may be specified by arrows pointing to short thin strokes parallel to the
projection line (see Figure 3).
The dimensions from outer to outer, from inner to inner and from inner to outer vertex are shown in
Figure 3 a), Figure 3 b) and Figure 3 c), respectively.
Figure 3
4.6.3
Radii and angles of bends may be indicated as shown in Figure 4.
The functional angle shall be indicated; in general, angles of 90° are not indicated.
Figure 4
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

4.6.4 Levels refer generally to the centre of the pipe and should be indicated in accordance with
ISO 129-1 (see Figure 5). If, in special cases, it is necessary to specify the level to the bottom of a pipe this
shall be indicated by the reference arrow pointing to short thin strokes, as specified in 4.4.2 [see Figure 3
and Figure 8 a)].
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A similar rule shall be applied to indicate levels to the top of the pipe [see Figure 8 c)].
Figure 5
4.6.5 The direction of slope shall be indicated by a right-angled triangle above the flow line, pointing
from the higher down to the lower level.
The amount of slope shall be indicated in accordance with the methods shown in Figures 6 to 8.
It can be useful to specify the level of the sloping pipe, either at its higher or at its lower end, or at any
convenient point, by referring to a datum level (see Figure 8).
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
4.6.6 The positions of the ends of the pipe shall be specified by indicating the coordinates referring to
the centres of the end faces.
4.7 Tolerances
Tolerances shall be indicated in accordance with ISO 129-1.
5 Crossings and connections
5.1 Crossings without connections shall normally be depicted without interrupting the flow line
representing the hidden pipe (see Figure 9; see also ISO 14617-3); if, however, it is absolutely necessary
to indicate that one pipe is required to pass behind the other, the flow line representing the hidden pipe
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

shall be interrupted (see Figure 10). The width of each interruption shall not be less than five times the
thickness of the continuous line (see Figure 11).
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Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
5.2 Permanent junctions (whether made by welding or other processes) shall be marked by a
prominent dot (see Figure 12). The diameter of the dot shall be five times the thickness of the line.
Figure 12
5.3
Detachable connections shall be represented in accordance with ISO 14617-3.
6 Representation of equipment
6.1 General
All items of equipment, machinery, valves, etc. shall be represented by means of graphical symbols with
the same line thickness as the flow line.
The graphical symbols used shall be in accordance with ISO 1219-1, ISO 3545-1, ISO 5261, ISO 6412-2,
ISO 14617-3, ISO 81714-1, and the other International Standards given in Clause 2.
6.2 Fittings
6.2.1 Fittings such as nozzles, tee-pieces and bends, shall be drawn with the same line thickness as the
flow line.
6.2.2 Transition pieces for changing the cross-section shall be represented in accordance with
Figures 13 to 15.
The relevant nominal sizes shall be indicated above the symbols.
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Concentric single
Figure 13
Concentric multiple
Figure 14
Eccentric single
Figure 15
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6.3 Supports and hangers
Supports and hangers shall be represented by their appropriate symbols in accordance with
Figures 16 to 19.
The representation of repeated accessories may be simplified as shown in Figure 20.
NOTE Figures 16 to 19 refer to hangers only. It is important to understand that in the case of supports,
the same symbols are used, but in the reverse position.
General
Figure 16
Fixed
Figure 17
Guided
Figure 18
Sliding
Figure 19
Figure 20
If necessary, an alphanumerical code giving more information about the type of supports and hangers,
with their numbering, may be added to the symbols shown in Figures 16 to 19. The code giving the
numbering shall be given on the drawing or in associated documents (see Figure 21).
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

7
I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Key
FP1 fixing point no. 1
SS9 sliding support no. 9
GH4 guiding hanger no. 4
Figure 21
6.4 Additional provisions
Additional provisions such as insulation, coating, stream tracer lines, etc. may be specified in writing.
6.5 Adjoining apparatus
If needed, adjoining apparatus, such as tanks, machinery, not belonging to the piping itself, may be
represented by their outlines using long dashed double–short dashed narrow lines (type K; see Table 1
and ISO 128-20) as shown in Figure 22.
Figure 22
6.6 Direction of flow
The direction of flow shall be indicated by an arrowhead (see ISO 14617-2) on the flow line or near a
graphical symbol representing a valve (see Figures 23 and 24).
Figure 23
Figure 24
6.7 Flanges
Flanges shall be represented, irrespective of their type and sizes
— by two concentric circles for the front view,
— by one circle for the rear view,
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

— by a stroke for the side view,
using lines of the same thickness as used for the representation of the pipes (see Figures 22 and 25).
A simplified representation of the flange holes may be shown by the appropriate number of crosses at
their centrelines.
7 Examples
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An example of orthogonal projection is given in Figure 25.
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Reference number
1
9
Coordinates of the end points
x1 = –8
y1 = +72
x 9 = –20
y9 = 0
z1 = +50
z9 = +40
NOTE
Points at which the pipe changes direction and connections are indicated by reference numbers.
The pipe and the reference numbers are identical to those in the isometric representation illustrated in
ISO 6412-2:2017, Figure 23. Reference numbers for points hidden behind other points are shown in brackets.
Figure 25
10

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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

Bibliography
[1]
ISO 841:2001, Industrial automation systems and integration — Numerical control of machines —
Coordinate system and motion nomenclature
[3]
ISO 1503:2008, Spatial orientation and direction of movement — Ergonomic requirements
ISO 1101:2017, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
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[2]
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I.S. EN ISO 6412-1:2018
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ISO 6412-1:2017(E)

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