Year 9 End of Year Exam Revision Pack
Subject: Geography
Year Group: Year 9
Exam Period: June 2025
Teacher: A. Berg and D. Sirohi
1. Exam Format
Component
Type of Questions
Paper 1
Structured and
Unstructured questions
Duration
1 hour
2. Topics to Revise
Unit 1: Global Tourism- Definition of key words, Impacts of tourism-economic, social, environmental.
Sustainable Tourism. Factors affecting the growth of Tourism.
Unit 2: Settlements- Key definitions, Settlement Hierarchy, Settlements functions, site and situations.
Factors influencing the site and situation of the settlement. Settlement patterns- nucleated, dispersed and
linear.
3. Revision Checklist
Unit 1: Global Tourism
1. Revision Checklist

Understand the definition of key terms related to tourism.

Identify and explain the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism.

Understand the concept of sustainable tourism.

Recognize the factors affecting the growth of tourism.
Unit 2: Settlements
1. Revision Checklist

Understand key definitions related to settlements.

Learn about settlement hierarchy and functions.

Identify factors influencing the site and situation of settlements.

Recognize different settlement patterns: nucleated, dispersed, and linear.
4. Key Vocabulary / Terms
Term
Definition


Settlement Hierarchy:

Settlement Functions:

Site:

Situation:

Nucleated Settlement:

Dispersed Settlement:

The commercial organization and
operation of vacations and visits to
places of interest.

Effects on the economy, such as job
creation and revenue generation.

Effects on society, including cultural
exchange and community
development.

Effects on the environment, such as
pollution and habitat destruction.

Tourism that meets the needs of
present tourists and host regions while
protecting and enhancing
opportunities for the future.
Elements that contribute to the
increase in tourism, such as improved
transportation, marketing, and global
connectivity.


Linear Settlement:

A place where people establish a
community.

The arrangement of settlements in
order of importance.

The roles or activities that take place in
a settlement.

The actual location of a settlement.

The location of a settlement in relation
to its surroundings.

A settlement where buildings are
clustered together.

A settlement where buildings are
spread out.

A settlement that is arranged in a line,
often along a road or river.
5. Suggested Revision Strategies
Create flashcards for key terms
Use BBC Bitesize, Seneca, or Quizlet
Teach a topic to a friend or family member
Complete the practice tasks in this pack
Develop mind maps to visualize the impacts of tourism.
Draw diagrams to illustrate different settlement patterns.
6. Practice Questions
Example Question:
Unit 1: Global Tourism
Practice Questions and Answers and notes
1. Define tourism and explain its importance in the global economy.

Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of
interest. It is important in the global economy because it generates significant revenue,
creates jobs, and promotes cultural exchange. Tourism also stimulates investment in
infrastructure and can lead to the development of local communities.
2. Discuss the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism with examples.

Economic Impacts: Tourism can boost local economies by creating jobs and generating
income. For example, the tourism industry in Thailand contributes significantly to its GDP.

Social Impacts: Tourism can lead to cultural exchange and understanding. However, it can
also cause cultural erosion if not managed properly. For instance, the influx of tourists in
Venice has led to concerns about the preservation of local culture.

Environmental Impacts: Tourism can lead to environmental degradation, such as pollution
and habitat destruction. For example, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia has been affected by
increased tourist activity.
3. What is sustainable tourism, and why is it important?

Sustainable Tourism is tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions
while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is important because it
ensures that tourism development is environmentally friendly, socially equitable, and
economically viable, thereby preserving destinations for future generations.
4. Identify and explain at least three factors that have contributed to the growth of tourism in
recent years.

Improved Transportation: Advances in air travel and the expansion of low-cost airlines
have made it easier and cheaper to travel.

Global Connectivity: The rise of the internet and social media has increased awareness of
travel destinations and made booking trips more accessible.

Economic Growth: Rising incomes in many parts of the world have increased people's
ability to spend on travel and leisure activities.
5. What are the positives and negatives of Tourism ?
Tourism has a range of positive and negative impacts on destinations.
Positives of Tourism
1. Economic Boost: Tourism generates significant revenue for local economies, creating jobs and
stimulating growth across various sectors .For example, tourism to the Grand Canyon contributed
$710 million to the local economy in 2021
2. Job Creation: The tourism industry provides employment opportunities in areas such as hospitality,
transportation, and retail .It accounts for about 10% of employment worldwide
3. Cultural Exchange: Tourism promotes cultural exchange, allowing people to learn about and
appreciate different cultures .This can lead to greater understanding and tolerance between different
communities.
4. Environmental Conservation: Revenue from tourism can be used to protect and preserve natural
and historical sites .For instance, funds generated from tourism can help maintain national parks and
heritage sites.
5. Infrastructure Development: Tourism often leads to improvements in infrastructure, such as
roads, airports, and public facilities .These enhancements benefit both tourists and local residents.
Negatives of Tourism
1. Environmental Degradation: Increased tourist activity can lead to pollution, habitat destruction,
and strain on local resources .For example, popular destinations like the Great Barrier Reef have
suffered from environmental damage due to tourism.
2. Cultural Erosion: The influx of tourists can sometimes lead to the loss of local culture and
traditions Over-commercialization can dilute the authenticity of cultural experiences.
3. Economic Dependence: Regions that rely heavily on tourism can suffer economically if there is a
downturn in tourist numbers .This dependence can make local economies vulnerable to external
factors such as global economic conditions or travel restrictions.
4. Overcrowding: Popular tourist destinations can become overcrowded, leading to a decline in the
quality of life for local residents and a less enjoyable experience for visitors.
5. Inflation: Tourism can drive up prices for goods and services in local areas, making it more
expensive for residents to live.This can lead to economic inequality and social tension.
6. Explain how tourism can be made more sustainable.
Making tourism more sustainable involves implementing practices that minimize negative impacts
on the environment and local communities while maximizing the benefits.
1. Promote Eco-friendly Practices
 Renewable Energy: Use solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce carbon footprints .
 Water Conservation: Implement smart irrigation systems and water recycling to reduce water
usage.
 Waste Management: Encourage recycling and reduce single-use plastics .
2. Support Local Communities
 Community-based Tourism: Involve local communities in tourism planning and operations to
ensure they benefit economically.
 Cultural Preservation: Promote and protect local traditions and heritage .
 Fair Wages: Ensure fair wages and working conditions for all employees in the tourism sector .
3. Conservation Efforts
 Wildlife Protection: Support conservation projects and protect natural habitats .
 Sustainable Infrastructure: Use sustainable building materials and design eco-friendly
accommodations.
 Visitor Education: Educate tourists about the importance of conservation and responsible behavior.
4. Implement Sustainable Policies









Regulations: Enforce regulations that limit the number of visitors to sensitive areas to prevent overtourism.
Certification Programs: Encourage businesses to obtain sustainability certifications, such as Green
Key or EarthCheck.
Monitoring and Evaluation: Continuously monitor the environmental and social impacts of tourism
and adjust policies as needed .
5. Utilize Technology
Digital Solutions: Use apps and online platforms to provide information on sustainable practices
and eco-friendly options .
Smart Tourism: Implement smart technologies to manage tourist flows and reduce congestion.
Green Technologies: Adopt technologies like energy-efficient lighting and smart thermostats in
hotels.
Examples of Sustainable Tourism Destinations
Costa Rica: Known for its strong commitment to eco-tourism and conservation.
Bhutan: Measures economic success through Gross National Happiness, focusing on environmental
and cultural preservation
The Galapagos Islands: Limits visitor numbers to protect its unique ecosystem
Unit 2: Settlements
Practice Questions and Answers and notes
1. Define settlement and explain the concept of settlement hierarchy.

A Settlement is a place where people establish a community. The Settlement Hierarchy is
the arrangement of settlements in order of importance, usually based on size, population, and
the range of services available. For example, a city is higher in the hierarchy than a village.
Below fig 4.2 is diagram showing Settlement hierarchy.
Isolated
dwelling
the smallest kind of human settlements. They are smaller than hamlets and are formed by
very few buildings. The whole settlement consists of only 1 or 2 households.
Hamlet
a small settlement, smaller than a village. Usually, all settlers are centered around a single
economic activity. It may consist of a farm, a mill, a mine or a harbor. All the people living
there would be workers on that farm, mill, mine or harbour.
Village
a small settlement with quite a few houses and often there are facilities such as shops or
religious buildings. The size of each varies considerably and the larger tend to have more of
a range of facilities such as shops, a park and religious building.
Town
Often have thousands of residents and are larger settlements. They are typically selfcontained in terms of facilities and would usually have a high street with a range of shops
and other facilities.They often have a civic centre for government administration as well as
emergency services such as police and paramedics.They sometimes have a railway station
and bus routes. A typical population would be around 50,000 - 200,000
City
Large settlements usually divided into different districts, many of which have their own
facilities and features. They usually have efficient transport systems to move people around,
including subways. They are often centres of culture with art galleries, museums and
landmarks. They contain green spaces such as parks for recreation.
Megacity
They have a population of over 10 million people. The number around the world has
increased in recent years. They are at risks of experiencing overpopulation.
2. Describe the functions of a settlement and give examples.

Functions of a Settlement: These include residential (housing), commercial (shops and
businesses), industrial (factories), and administrative (government offices). For example,
New York City functions as a major commercial and financial hub.
3. What factors influence the site and situation of a settlement?

Site Factors: These include physical characteristics such as water supply, soil fertility, and
climate. For example, many ancient settlements were established near rivers for water
supply.

Situation Factors: These include the settlement's location relative to other places, such as
trade routes or neighboring cities. For example, Chicago's situation as a transportation hub
contributed to its growth.
4. Compare and contrast nucleated, dispersed, and linear settlement patterns.

Nucleated Settlements: Buildings are clustered together, often around a central point like a
market square. Example: Many European villages.

Dispersed Settlements: Buildings are spread out over a large area, common in rural regions.
Example: Farms in the American Midwest.

Linear Settlements: Buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river. Example:
Settlements along the Nile River in Egypt.
5. How can settlement be more sustainable?
A sustainable city, or eco-city is a city designed with consideration of environmental impact,
inhabited by people dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food, and
waste output of heat, air pollution - CO2, methane, and water pollution.
A sustainable city can feed itself with minimal reliance on the surrounding countryside, and power
itself with renewable sources of energy. The purpose of this is to create the smallest possible
ecological footprint, and to produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible, to efficiently use land;
compost used materials, recycle it or convert waste-to-energy, and thus the city's overall
contribution to climate change will be minimal, if such practices are adhered to.
What services do urban areas usually provide?
6. How does settlement change over time?
Settlements patterns
Isolated: Single buildings on
their own. These will
normally be found in
mountainous areas and will
normally be the farmhouse
of a large farm
Dispersed: When individual
buildings are separated by
several hundred meetings.
They are individual isolated
buildings and do not form a
single settlement.
.
Loose knit: When houses
are built near each other
and are obviously in the
same settlement, but there
is spaces between them.
Linear or Ribbon: This is a
settlement that has grown
in a line. The line doesn't
have to be straight, but will
normally follow a road, a
river, the coast or the valley
floor.
Nucleated: When all the
houses in a settlement are
built very close together,
often around a central
village green or church
What is Urban Growth?
Urban growth refers to the development and growth of towns and cities. Today, most people live in
cities, so the study of urban environments is important in understanding how these types of settlements
change and how they provide for people. One reason why towns and cities grow in size is due to the
large numbers of people who migrate from rural to urban areas. The reasons why people migrate from
rural to urban areas can be classified in terms of push and pull factors.

Push factors are reasons why people move away from a place. People often leave rural areas in
favor of urban areas owing to a lack of jobs, services or social opportunities.

Pull Factors are the reasons why people choose to move to a particular place. Urban areas tend
to offer a wide range of jobs, services, facilities and social opportunities.
More practice questions both structured and unstructured.
Structured Questions
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Settlements)
1. The arrangement of settlements in order of importance is known as __________.
2. A settlement where buildings are spread out over a large area is called a __________ settlement.
3. The actual location of a settlement is referred to as its __________.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Tourism)
1. Tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing
opportunities for the future is called __________ tourism.
2. The effects of tourism on the economy, such as job creation and revenue generation, are known as
__________ impacts.
3. Improved transportation, global connectivity, and economic growth are factors that contribute to the
__________ of tourism.
Unstructured Questions
Short Answer Questions (Settlements)
1. Define settlement hierarchy and explain its significance.
2. Describe the factors influencing the site and situation of a settlement.
Short Answer Questions (Tourism)
1. What are the social impacts of tourism? Provide examples.
2. Explain the concept of sustainable tourism and its importance.
Essay Questions (Settlements)
1. Discuss the changes in settlement patterns over time using Hong Kong, London, and Mexico City as
examples.
Essay Questions (Tourism)
1. Analyze the positive and negative impacts of tourism on a destination of your choice.
Mark Scheme
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Settlements)
1. Settlement hierarchy
2. Dispersed
3. Site
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Tourism)
1. Sustainable
2. Economic
3. Growth
Short Answer Questions (Settlements)
1. Settlement hierarchy: The arrangement of settlements in order of importance, usually based on size,
population, and the range of services available. It is significant because it helps in understanding the
distribution and organization of settlements within a region.
2. Factors influencing the site and situation: Site factors include physical characteristics such as water
supply, soil fertility, and climate. Situation factors include the settlement's location relative to other
places, such as trade routes or neighboring cities.
Short Answer Questions (Tourism)
1. Social impacts of tourism: Tourism can lead to cultural exchange and understanding, but it can also cause
cultural erosion if not managed properly. Examples include the influx of tourists in Venice leading to
concerns about the preservation of local culture.
2. Sustainable tourism: Tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting
and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is important because it ensures that tourism development
is environmentally friendly, socially equitable, and economically viable.
Essay Questions (Settlements)
1. Changes in settlement patterns: Discuss how Hong Kong evolved from a colonial port to a financial hub,
London from a Roman trading post to a global city, and Mexico City from an Aztec capital to a sprawling
metropolis. Highlight factors such as economic transformation, population growth, and urban
development.( Use PEEL to write in depth)
Essay Questions (Tourism)
1. Positive and negative impacts of tourism: Analyze how tourism generates revenue and creates jobs but
can also lead to environmental degradation and cultural erosion. Use a specific destination, such as the
Great Barrier Reef, to illustrate these points.(Use PEEL to write in depth)
COMMAND WORDS-EXAM FOCUS
Discuss: This command word requires you to write about an issue or topic in depth, presenting
arguments and different points of view. It often involves considering various perspectives and
comparing or contrasting them.
Explain: When asked to explain, you're expected to clarify a concept, providing reasons and
understanding. It's about making relationships between things clear and detailing the 'how' and
'why' of a situation.
Identify: This word directs you to recognize and name a fact or characteristic. It's about picking
out or selecting the essential aspects of a concept or situation.
Describe: This involves giving a detailed account of the characteristics or features of a subject.
You need to provide a series of linked points that cover the main aspects of the topic.
Define: Defining is about providing a precise meaning of a term or concept. It often requires
distinguishing the term from similar concepts and may include examples for clarity.
7. Helpful Resources
Resource
Link / Description

BBC Bitesize for articles on tourism
and settlements.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCUtL5k9rg

Videos: Educational videos on
settlement and tourism impacts.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35KzDBa
au7I

Notes from Managebac.
Power point on Managebac.
Case study -Shenzhen from rural
village to megapolis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyVI2tiR
BeE


https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/m
ay/10/story-of-cities-39-shenzhen-fromrural-village-to-the-worlds-largestmegalopolis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6s8CW2J
Nlr8

Megacities

Evolution of settlements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jnMivEZ
8gc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKT7cSFf
2ic
8. Exam Date
Please note your exam is scheduled for:
� [Friday, 13th June] – [9:30-10:30] Duration 1 hour