In the Rhine campaign of 1796, two First Coalition armies under the overall
command of Archduke Charles of Austria defeated two French Republican armies in
the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary
Wars. The French military intended to capture Vienna and force the Holy Roman
Emperor to surrender. The French Army of Sambre and Meuse commanded
by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan opposed the Austrian Army of the Lower Rhine in the
north. The Army of the Rhine and Moselle, led by Jean Victor Marie Moreau, fought
the Austrian Army of the Upper Rhine in the south. At the Battle of Amberg on 24
August and the Battle of Würzburg on 3 September, Charles defeated Jourdan's
northern army. During the winter the Austrians forced Moreau's army back to France.
Despite Charles's success in the Rhineland, Austria lost the war when the
French Army of Italy, commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, advanced on Vienna,
resulting in the Peace of Campo Formio.