CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2
A. ENZYMOLOGY

Enzymes are specific proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions _______ altering the
equilibrium point of the reaction or being consumed or changed in composition
ENZYME KINETICS
E + S ----------------> ES -------------> E+P
E = Enzyme
S = Substrate
ES = Enzyme + Substrate Complex
P = Product
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYMATIC REACTIONS
1. Substrate concentration: is directly proportional to the reaction if and only if the
enzyme is not yet saturated.
- First-Order Kinetics: Reaction is dependent on the substrate concentration
-
Zero-Order Kinetics: Reaction is dependent only on enzyme concentration
2. Enzyme Concentration: Directly proportional to the reaction.
3. pH: Most physiologic enzymatic reaction occurs in the pH range of 7.0 to 8.0
4. Temperature: Optimal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius.
- Temperature is directly proportional to reaction.
- For each 10 degrees Celsius increase, the rate of reaction is _______.
- Rate of Denaturation is ____ to ____ degrees Celsius.
- Low temperatures render enzymes reversibly inactive; hence, most test for enzyme
measurement are refrigerated or frozen to prevent activity loss
- Incubation temperatures should be accurate within ±______ degrees Celsius.
5. Cofactors
6. Inhibitors
Types of Inhibition
Competitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Uncompetitive Inhibition
Inactivators
Target of Inhibitor
Effect of Increasing
Substrate
QUIZ TIME!
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