Cambridge IGCSE™ * 3 4 9 3 0 6 1 7 7 1 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/13 May/June 2021 Paper 1 Geographical Themes 1 hour 45 minutes You must answer on the question paper. You will need: Insert (enclosed) Calculator Protractor Ruler INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer three questions in total, one from each section. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question number or numbers must be clearly shown. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 75. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions. Definitions MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries This document has 36 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. DC (MS/CT) 197871/6 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over 2 Section A Answer one question from this section. 1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, which show the population structure for a rural and urban area in Tanzania (an LEDC in Africa). Fig. 1.1 is the population structure of rural Ifakara. Fig. 1.2 is the population structure of urban Ifakara. Rural Ifakara (age) years 85 + male female 80–84 old old 75–79 dependent dependent 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 economically economically 40–44 active active 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 young young 10–14 5–9 dependent dependent 0–4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % of population % of population Fig. 1.1 Urban Ifakara (age) years 85 + male female 80–84 old old 75–79 dependent dependent 70–74 65–69 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 economically economically 40–44 active active 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 young young 10–14 5–9 dependent dependent 0–4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % of population % of population Fig. 1.2 © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 3 (i) What percentage of the people in urban Ifakara are female and aged 0 to 4? ................................................................. % (ii) [1] Describe two differences between the old dependent population in rural and urban Ifakara. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (iii) What evidence in Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 suggests that: the birth rate is high in rural Ifakara? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... life expectancy is low in rural Ifakara? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... many men have migrated from both rural and urban Ifakara? ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 4 (iv) Suggest reasons why birth rates are high in rural areas of Tanzania. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 5 (b) Study Fig. 1.3, which is a map showing rural and urban Ifakara. N Idete Namawala Mpofu Igima Njagi Kisegese H Miwangani Mbingu Kivukoni Minopa Mngela Mchombe Mavimba Milola Lukorongo Igumbilo Lupiro H Igota Nakafuru Mkangawalo Ikule Kichangant Kichangani Kidugalo Idunda Iragua 0 10 km Key H H pharmacy/chemist health centre hospital river road railway marsh rural Ifakara urban Ifakara Fig. 1.3 (i) Using evidence from Fig. 1.3 only, suggest three reasons why death rates are high in Miwangani. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ © UCLES 2021 ..................................................................................................................................... [3] 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 6 (ii) Some parts of Tanzania are over-populated. Describe the problems faced by people living in areas which are over-populated. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 7 (c) Describe the problems caused by a large dependent population in a named country you have studied. Name of country ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 8 2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows an area in an MEDC. city Z X area Y Key roads motorway railway river Fig. 2.1 (i) Identify the settlement pattern at X. ..................................................................................... (ii) [1] Area Y is an area of dispersed settlement. Describe two characteristics of dispersed settlement. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [2] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 9 (iii) Explain the growth of settlement Z. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iv) Describe the impacts on local people of the growth of settlements in the rural-urban fringe. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 10 (b) Study Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 (Insert), which are photographs taken in three different urban settlements. (i) State the functions of the urban settlements which are shown in Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4. Fig. 2.2 ................................................................. Fig. 2.3 ................................................................. Fig. 2.4 ................................................................. (ii) [3] Explain why there are many high-order shops and services in large urban settlements such as those shown in Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 11 (c) For a named urban area you have studied, describe one change in land use and explain why this change in land use has caused problems. Name of urban area ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 12 Section B Answer one question from this section. 350 35 300 30 300 30 250 25 250 25 200 20 200 20 150 15 150 15 100 10 100 10 50 5 50 5 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D C precipitation (mm) 35 temperature (°C) 350 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D D 0 350 35 350 35 300 30 300 30 250 25 250 25 200 20 200 20 150 15 150 15 100 10 100 10 50 5 50 5 0 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D precipitation (mm) precipitation (mm) B temperature (°C) precipitation (mm) A J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 Fig. 3.1 (i) Estimate the average annual precipitation shown by climate graph C. Circle your answer below. 250 mm © UCLES 2021 600 mm 1050 mm 0460/13/M/J/21 1600 mm temperature (°C) (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows climate graphs for four places. [1] temperature (°C) 3 13 (ii) Identify the climate graph which shows: - a place with an annual temperature range of 14 °C ............................................................... - a place with an annual average temperature of 23 °C. ............................................................... (iii) [2] Identify the graph which shows a hot desert climate. Give two reasons for your choice. Climate graph ....................... Reason 1 ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Reason 2 ........................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iv) Explain why some places have a hot desert climate. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 14 (b) Study Fig. 3.2, which shows information about the Awa-Guajá tribe who live in the Amazon rainforest. The Awa-Guajá tribe are one of the most threatened cultures on Earth and one of the last two surviving nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes in Brazil. It was only recently that the tribe were first contacted in order to move them into a reserve intended to protect them. Loggers in the area, however, have refused to retreat from their territory and the Awa-Guajá tribe face extinction. According to a recent report, 31% of the forest in the area has already been illegally logged. As the tribe come in contact with outsiders, they are likely to suffer from diseases which could be fatal, like influenza, as they have no resistance to them. The tribe are also short of food due to the loss of their habitat, causing hunger and starvation. Loggers and ranchers continue to destroy their forests, creating situations that result in violent conflict with the Awa-Guajá. Some reports even suggest that plantation owners have offered money to those who kill a member of a local tribe. Fig. 3.2 (i) Using Fig. 3.2 only, give three reasons why the Awa-Guajá tribe face extinction. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 15 (ii) Explain why protecting the rainforest from deforestation is also important for the natural environment in the area where the Awa-Guajá tribe live. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 16 (c) Explain why large scale deforestation of tropical rainforests threatens the global natural environment. You should refer to named places. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 17 4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1 (Insert), which is a map of earthquakes in part of South America in the 21st century. (i) What is meant by depth of focus? ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) Describe how the depth of focus of the earthquakes shown in Fig. 4.1 changes along line A–B. Use data in your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (iii) Explain why the depth of focus changes from A to B in Fig. 4.1. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 18 (iv) Explain why many people live in areas where earthquakes occur. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 19 (b) Study Fig. 4.2, which shows information about how to make a room safer in an earthquake. Room A Room B Fig. 4.2 (i) Give three ways that Room B is likely to be safer in an earthquake than Room A. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 20 (ii) Explain why earthquakes are likely to cause more injuries and deaths than volcanic eruptions. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 21 (c) Explain the causes of the eruption of a named volcano. Name of volcano ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 22 Section C Answer one question from this section. 5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which is a map showing information about water supply in Africa. N 23½° 0° Tropic of Cancer Equator X Y 23½° Tropic of Capricorn Z Key 0 areas with enough water areas with a moderate water shortage 1000 km areas with a severe water shortage Fig. 5.1 (i) Identify from Fig. 5.1 the area which is likely to experience the most difficulty supplying water to its population. Circle the correct answer below. X (ii) Y Z [1] Describe the distribution of areas in Africa with enough water. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 23 (iii) Explain why many rural areas in LEDCs have a shortage of water. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iv) Explain why it is important to increase the supply of clean water in rural areas in LEDCs. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 24 (b) Study Fig. 5.2, which is a map showing information about the Casier Sud water project in Southeast Asia. Mekong River VIETNAM LAOS Vientiane Vientiane N N THAILAND South China Sea LAOS THAILAND CAMBODIA Mek ong 0 200 Riv er 0 km 5 km Key Key pumping station capital city of Laos location of Casier Sud water project international boundary irrigation canal drainage channel direction of flow Fig. 5.2 (i) Describe the location of the Casier Sud water project. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 25 (ii) Explain how the Casier Sud water project is likely to improve agricultural production in the area. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 26 (c) For a named country or area you have studied, explain how clean drinking water is supplied. Name of country or area ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 27 TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 6 © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 28 6 (a) Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about the Kafue National Park in Zambia, an area where the tourist industry is important. Zambia is an LEDC in Africa. Kabanga gate Gate plain Busanga Plain N Ntemwa to To Kasempa Kasempa Kafue river River Moshi Treetops hot springs Hot springs Lufupa Kafwala Kafwala safari Safari camp camp Tatayoyo Gate gate Tatayoyo Nalusanga Gate gate Nalusanga to Kaoma veerr riiv fuee R KKaafu Safari village Chunga Kalala Ngoma to Lusaka To Lusaka 0 60 km dam site Itezhitezhi gate Gate Ngoma forest Forest Key main road tourist road tourist camp airport Dundumwenze Dundumwezi gate Gate to Kaloma Fig. 6.1 © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 boundary of national park 29 (i) Estimate the area of Kafue National Park in square kilometres. Circle the correct answer below. 1000 (ii) 6000 22 000 100 000 [1] Many tourists enter Kafue National Park at Nalusanga Gate and drive through it to Tatayoyo Gate. What is the distance and direction along the main road from Nalusanga Gate to Tatayoyo Gate? Distance ................................................................. km Direction ................................................................. (iii) [2] Using Fig. 6.1 only, identify three things that have been done in Kafue National Park to attract tourists. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iv) Suggest reasons why the government of Zambia is encouraging tourism. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 [Turn over 30 (b) Study Figs. 6.2 and 6.3 (Insert), which are photographs taken in national parks. Fig. 6.2 was taken in the Lake District National Park in the UK. Fig. 6.3 was taken in the Matopos National Park in Zimbabwe. (i) Describe the natural attractions of the Lake District and Matopos National Parks which are shown in Figs. 6.2 and 6.3. Fig. 6.2 .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Fig. 6.3 .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) Explain how national parks, such as those in Figs. 6.2 and 6.3, manage tourism. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 31 (c) For a named tourist area you have studied, explain how the tourist industry may cause problems for local people. Name of tourist area ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 32 Additional Pages If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. 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.................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 34 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 35 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21 36 BLANK PAGE The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2021 0460/13/M/J/21
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