PHYSICS
ATAR COURSE YEAR 12
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
2018
2018/2545
Physics Year 12 Formulae and Data Booklet 2018
PHYSICS YEAR 12
2
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
Gravity and motion
Average velocity
vav = ts
Equations of motion
v = u + at
Force
Fnet = ma
Weight force
F = mg
Kinetic energy
Ek = ½ mv2
Gravitational potential energy
Ep = m g Δh
Work done
W = Fs = ΔE
Equations of circular motion
v = 2� r
T
s = ut + ½ at 2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as
2
ac = vr
mv 2
Fc = mac = r
m1m2
r2
Newton’s law of universal
gravitation
F= G
Kepler's 3rd law
T2 =
Gravitational field strength
M
g = G r2
Moment of a force
(force at angle θ to lever arm)
τ = r Fsinθ
4�2 3
r
GM
Note: the variable t refers to the 'time taken', sometimes referred to as the 'change in time' or Δt.
Wave particle duality and the quantum theory
Wave period
T = 1f
Wave equation
c = fλ
Energy of photon
E=hf
Energy transitions
ΔE = E2 − E1 = h f
Photoelectric effect
Ek = h f − W
De Broglie wavelength
h
λ= p
See next page
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
Electromagnetism
3
PHYSICS YEAR 12
1 q1q2
4�ε0 r 2
Coulomb's law
F=
Electric field strength
E = qF = V
Magnetic field strength
B=
Magnetic force on a
charged particle
F = q v B where v ┴ B
Magnetic force on a
current-carrying conductor
F = I ℓ B where ℓ ┴ B
Particle motion in a
magnetic field
r=
Torque on a coil
τ=rF
Magnetic flux
Ф = B A┴
Electromagnetic induction
induced emf =
d
µ0
I
2� r
m v
q B
ℓ v B
induced emf = –N
where v ┴ B
Δ(B A┴)
(Ф2 − Ф1)
= –N ΔФ = –N
t
t
t
AC generator emfmax = 2NℓvB = 2�NBA┴ f
Ohm’s law
V = IR
Electric current
q
I= t
Ideal transformer turns ratio
VP
Vs
=
NP
Ns
emfrms=
Work and energy
W = Vq
Power
P = VI
Special relativity
Relativistic effects
ℓ = ℓ0
u=
Relativistic momentum
pv =
1–
v + u′
v u′
1+ 2
c
m v
1–
Mass-energy equivalence
v2
c2
v2
c2
E = m c2
v2
1– 2
c
See next page
t=
t0
1–
u′ =
v2
c2
u–v
vu
1– 2
c
emfmax
√2
PHYSICS YEAR 12
4
The Standard Model
Elementary particles
See next page
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
5
PHYSICS YEAR 12
Physical data
Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Earth....... g
= 9.80 m s-2
Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Moon...... gM
= 1.62 m s-2
Mean radius of the Earth........................................ RE
= 6.37 × 106 m
Mass of the Earth................................................... ME
= 5.97 × 1024 kg
Mean radius of the Sun.......................................... RS
= 6.96 × 108 m
Mass of the Sun..................................................... MS
= 1.99 × 1030 kg
Mean radius of the Moon........................................ RM
= 1.74 × 106 m
Mass of the Moon................................................... MM = 7.35 × 1022 kg
Mean Earth-Moon distance....................................
= 3.84 × 108 m
Mean Earth-Sun distance.......................................
= 1.50 × 1011 m
Mass of electron .................................................... me
= 9.11 × 10-31 kg
Mass of proton........................................................ mp
= 1.67 × 10-27 kg
Tonne...................................................................... 1 t
= 103 kg
Physical constants
Speed of light in vacuum or air............................... c
=
Electron charge...................................................... e
= −1.60 × 10-19 C
Planck constant...................................................... h
=
6.63 × 10-34 J s
Newtonian constant of gravitation.......................... G
=
6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
Electron volt............................................................ 1 eV =
Electronic constant................................................. ε0
Magnetic constant.................................................. µ0
3.00 × 108 m s-1
1.60 × 10-19 J
=
8.85 × 10-12 F m-1
=
4
Electromagnetic spectrum
Note: shaded areas represent regions of overlap.
See next page
� × 10 N A = 1.26 × 10 N A
–7
–2
–6
–2
PHYSICS YEAR 12
6
FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET
Prefixes of the metric system
Factor
Prefix
Symbol
Factor
Prefix
Symbol
1012
tera
T
10-3
milli
m
109
giga
G
10-6
micro
µ
106
mega
M
10-9
nano
n
103
kilo
k
10-12
pico
p
Mathematical expressions
Quadratic equations
Given ax2 + bx + c = 0, x =
−b ± √b2 − 4ac
2a
Triangles
The following expressions apply to the triangle ABC as shown:
B
c
A
a
b
c
a
b
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
a = √b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
See next page
End of booklet
C
This page has been left blank intentionally
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Elementary
particles
Adapted from Standard Model image: MissMJ. (2006). File:Standard Model of
Elementary Particles.svg. Retrieved June, 2016, from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_
Particles.svg
Used under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported licence.
Copyright
© School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2016
This document – apart from any third party copyright material contained in it – may be freely copied, or communicated on an
intranet, for non-commercial purposes in educational institutions, provided that it is not changed and that the School Curriculum and
This
document
– apart
from any third party
contained
in Authority’s
it – may bemoral
freelyrights
copied,
communicated
on an
Standards
Authority
is acknowledged
as thecopyright
copyrightmaterial
owner, and
that the
areornot
infringed.
intranet, for non-commercial purposes in educational institutions, provided that it is not changed and that the School Curriculum and
Standards
is acknowledged
as the
copyright
owner,
the the
Authority’s
rights areAct
not1968
infringed.
Copying orAuthority
communication
for any other
purpose
can be
doneand
onlythat
within
terms ofmoral
the Copyright
or with prior written
permission of the School Curriculum and Standards Authority. Copying or communication of any third party copyright material can be
Copying
communication
forthe
anyCopyright
other purpose
canor
bewith
done
only within
of the
Copyright Act 1968 or with prior written
done onlyorwithin
the terms of
Act 1968
permission
ofthe
theterms
copyright
owners.
permission of the School Curriculum and Standards Authority. Copying or communication of any third party copyright material can be
done
only within
thedocument
terms of the
1968from
or with
of the copyright
Any content
in this
thatCopyright
has beenAct
derived
thepermission
Australian Curriculum
may owners.
be used under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) licence.
Any content in this document that has been derived from the Australian Curriculum may be used under the terms of the Creative
This
document
is valid4.0
forInternational
teaching and(CC
examining
until 31 December 2018.
Commons
Attribution
BY) licence.
Published by the School Curriculum and Standards Authority of Western Australia
303 Sevenoaks Street
CANNINGTON WA 6107
0
