Important Questions: Image and Video Processing
1. Image Enhancement & Histogram
1. Justify or Contradict: Every image has a unique histogram.
2. Explain the concept of histogram equalization. Why is it useful in image enhancement?
3. Derive the formula for contrast stretching transformation and apply it to the given 4BPP image.
4. What is bit-plane slicing? Explain the significance of the least significant bit plane.
5. Explain IGS (Improved Gray Scale Quantization) with an example.
2. Edge Detection
1. Derive the Prewitt operator for edge detection. What are its limitations?
2. Compare the Sobel and Prewitt edge detection operators. Which performs better and why?
3. Explain the steps to detect edges in an image using Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG).
4. Write a MATLAB or Python function to apply the Sobel operator to a grayscale image.
3. Segmentation Techniques
1. Explain the Split and Merge method of segmentation. Find a homogeneous region in the given
image using the condition: max(f(x,y)) - min(f(x,y)) <= 3.
2. Justify or Contradict: Two fundamental characteristics of gray level values serve as the basis of
segmentation algorithms.
3. Discuss region growing vs. thresholding methods for image segmentation.
4. Distance & Connectivity
1. Define and differentiate:
- 4-adjacency
- 8-adjacency
- m-adjacency
Also calculate D4, D8, De, and Dm distances between two points using the given matrix.
2. Explain the importance of connectivity and adjacency in image segmentation.
5. Image Transforms
1. What is an image transform? Discuss the importance of transforms in image processing.
2. Write the basis images of the Walsh Hadamard Transform for a 22 image.
3. Apply 1D Walsh Transform to the signal x = {5, 8, 4, 2} and interpret the result.
4. Apply 2D Walsh Transform to the given 4x4 image matrix.
6. Compression Techniques
1. Justify or Contradict: Although Run Length Coding is lossless, it may not always result in data
compression.
2. Perform Huffman Encoding on the following characters: a (5), b (9), c (12), d (13), e (16), f (45).
Calculate average word length and compression ratio.
3. Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression with examples.
4. Explain JPEG compression steps. Where does DCT come into play?
7. Zero Memory Operations
1. List and explain any four zero-memory operations with diagram and equations. Why are they
called zero-memory?
2. Give examples of arithmetic and logical operations used in point processing.
3. Explain the importance of zero-memory operations in real-time image enhancement.
8. Video Processing (Occasional)
1. List and explain any five common video file formats.
2. Differentiate between temporal and spatial redundancy in video compression.
3. Explain the concept of motion estimation and compensation in video coding.