Port-A-Socket: A Heavy-Duty Mobile Solar Generator Incorporating USB Ports and
Sockets
A Science Investigatory Project
Presented to
The Faculty of the Junior High School Department
Lipa City Science Integrated National High School
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in Research IV
by
Cornejo, Anton Francisco C.
Oatis, Dylan Luke, P.
Fernando, Julia M.
Ruiz, Aliyah Anne K.
April 2021
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the following individuals
who have played an integral part in the success of this research study. Their unwavering
support, encouragement, and contributions have been invaluable and have made this project
possible.
First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank Mr. Orlando Cornejo and Ms.
Ma. Patricia Geriza Cornejo, Mr. Cernan Fernando, Mr. Emerson Oatis and Ms. Jenalyn
Oatis, and Mr. Cyrus Galapon Ruiz and Ms. Jocelyn Katigbak Ruiz for their willingness
to participate in this study. Their generosity in sharing their time, knowledge, and resources
have been critical in providing us with the necessary data and insights to complete this research.
The researchers are truly grateful for their unwavering support and enthusiasm throughout this
journey.
The researchers would also like to express our deepest appreciation to our research
teacher, Ma'am Joan Malizon Guantes, for her unwavering guidance, encouragement, and
mentorship. Her expertise and dedication to our academic growth have been crucial in shaping
the direction and focus of this study. Her constructive feedback and insightful suggestions have
challenged us to push beyond our limits and strive for excellence in our research.
The researchers would also like to acknowledge our consultant, Sir Avelino Naguit,
for his valuable contributions and expertise. His guidance and insights have been critical in
refining our research methodology and enhancing the quality and rigor of our study. His support
and encouragement have been instrumental in helping us navigate the complexities and
challenges of this project.
To our friends, the researchers offer our sincerest appreciation for their unwavering
support and encouragement throughout this research study. Their belief in us and their
willingness to lend a listening ear and provide valuable feedback have been a constant source
of inspiration and motivation. The researchers could not have accomplished this research
without their friendship and unwavering support.
Lastly, the researchers would like to acknowledge God, whose grace and blessings
have sustained us throughout this journey. The researchers are humbled by His presence and
grateful for His unwavering love and support. His guidance and wisdom have given us the
strength and courage to overcome all obstacles and challenges that the researchers have
encountered along the way.
In conclusion, the researchers would like to thank each and every individual who has
contributed to the success of this research study. Your support, encouragement, and
contributions have been invaluable, and the researchers are truly grateful for the opportunity to
work alongside such dedicated and committed individuals. Together, the researchers have
accomplished something truly remarkable, and the researchers are excited to see where this
research study will lead us in the future.
A.F.C.C, J.M.F., D.L.P.O, & A.A.K.R
DEDICATION
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our loving parents, Mr. Orlando Cornejo,
Ms. Ma. Patricia Geriza Cornejo, Mr. Cernan Fernando, Mr. Emerson Oatis, Ms. Jenalyn Oatis,
Mr. Cyrus Galapon Ruiz, Ms. Jocelyn Katigbak Ruiz, whose encouragement and unconditional
support for their children pushed them to accomplish their study. Their help, moral, financial,
and spiritual support aided them throughout the entire study.
To our relatives, siblings, friends, classmates, consultants who wholly supported us
throughout the entire study, and most especially to our teachers who guided us from the
beginning until the end. We are forever grateful for your assistance and never-ending support.
Lastly, we hereby dedicate this study to God Almighty, our creator, savior, and pillar
for inspiration and wisdom. We give thanks to his many blessings, all of which helped us
accomplish this study.
A.F.C.C, J.M.F., D.L.P.O, & A.A.K.R
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Dylan Luke P. Oatis
Contact Details: 09158828798
1X1
Email: luke.oatis@gmail.com
Personal Information
Professional Profile
I am currently a Grade 10 student at Lipa City
Address: Amiya Rosa 1, Block 12 Science Integrated National High School.
Lot 10, Bolbok, Lipa City, Batangas,
Personal Profile
Philippines
I am a person who loves anime, astronomy, and
Date of Birth: September 3, 2007
nature. I’m always up for a challenge, and nothing is
too difficult to overcome. I love to explore and learn
Place of birth: Golden Gate Batan- new things every day. In my spare time, you can find
as Hospital Inc.
me playing badminton, improving my skills, and
staying active. I also enjoy using their creative
Height: 5’5
talents to edit photos, adding their unique touch to
each image. I’m an individual who has a great love
Weight: 50 kg
for all things interesting and challenging.
Accolades and Recognition
Nationality: Filipino
Consistent Honor Student - 2018 - present
Civil status: Single
With Honors - Grade 7 S.Y. 2019-2020
Language: Filipino, English
Education:
With Honors - Grade 8 S.Y. 2020-2021
WIth Honors - Grade 9 S.Y. 2021-2022
Primary
The Shepherd Christian Learning
Participant - Mathtinikan - Grade 6 S.Y. 2018-2019
Center
Secondary
Lipa City Science
National High School
Integrated
How & Why Club Member - Grade 10 S.Y. 20222023
Scientific project and authorship
TOO MUCH EXPENSES OF THE STUNDE IN
LIPA
CITY
SCIENCE
INTEGRATED
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – Grade 7 Action
Research S.Y. 2019-2020
UTILIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM
CALAMANSI (Citrofortunella microcarpa),
LEMON (Citrus limon), AND ALOE VERA
EXTRACT (Aloe Barbadensis miller) TO MAKE
ORGANIC HAND SANITIZER – Grade 8 Life
Science Research S.Y. 2020-2021
Port-A-Socket: A Heavy-Duty Mobile Solar
Generator Incorporating USB Ports and Sockets
– Grade 9 Scientific Investigatory Project S.Y.
2021 - Present
Computer Technological and Technical Skills
•
Microsoft Word
•
Microsoft Powerpoint
•
Microsoft Excel
•
Canva
•
Photoshop
•
Adobe After Effects
•
Audacity
•
Filmora
•
Pixlr
Character References
Liezel M. Villanueva, PhD
Contact No.
Principal II
Lipa City Science INHS
Lorena L. Torres
Contact No.
Head Teacher III
Lipa City Science INHS
I do hereby certify that all information contained is
true and correct to the best of my ability,
knowledge and belief.
Name: Anton Francisco C. Cornejo
Contact Details: 09664670128
1X1
Email: antonfrancisco1807@gmail.com
Personal Information
Professional Profile
I am currently a Grade 10 student at Lipa City
Address: Address: 0262 San Nicolas Science Integrated National High School.
St., Balintawak, Lipa City, Batangas
Personal Profile
4217
I am an ambitious, handsome, and diverse student
Date of Birth: May 18, 2007
who has developed his own way of dealing with his
own
personal
endeavors.
A
connoisseur
of
Place of birth: San Antonio Medical motorsport, a hobbyist of technology, and a fan of
Center of Lipa, Inc.
anything I find interesting.
Accolades and Recognition
Height: 5’2
Consistent Honor Student - 2018 - present
Weight: 45 kg
With Honors - Grade 7 S.Y. 2019-2020
Nationality: Filipino
With Honors - Grade 8 S.Y. 2020-2021
Civil status: Single
WIth Honors - Grade 9 S.Y. 2021-2022
Language: Filipino, English
Education:
How & Why Club Member - Grade 10 S.Y. 2022-
Primary
2023
The Mabini Academy
Scientific project and authorship
Secondary
Lipa City Science
National High School
Participant - Mathtinikan - Grade 6 S.Y. 2018-2019
[Title] – Grade 7 Action Research S.Y. 2019-2020
Integrated
USING LEMON (Citrus limon), CALAMANSI
(Citrofortunella microcarpa), AND CITRONELLA
(Cymbopogon), AS A NON-TOXIC
ALTERNATIVE FOR PESTICIDE. – Grade 8 Life
Science Research S.Y. 2020-2021
Port-A-Socket: A Heavy-Duty Mobile Solar
Generator Incorporating USB Ports and Sockets
– Grade 9 Scientific Investigatory Project S.Y.
2021 - Present
Computer Technological and Technical Skills
•
Microsoft Word
•
Microsoft Powerpoint
•
Microsoft Excel
•
Canva
•
Photoshop
•
Filmora
•
Pixlr
Character References
Liezel M. Villanueva, PhD
Contact No.
Principal II
Lipa City Science INHS
Lorena L. Torres
Contact No.
Head Teacher III
Lipa City Science INHS
I do hereby certify that all information contained is
true and correct to the best of my ability,
knowledge and belief.
Name: Aliyah Anne Katigbak Ruiz
Contact Details: 09664670128
1X1
Email: ruiz.aliyahanne@gmail.com
Personal Information
Professional Profile
I am currently a Grade 10 student at Lipa City
Address: Purok Jasmin #72 Tangob Science Integrated National High School.
Padre Garcia Batangas
Personal Profile
A dedicated and creative individual with a great
Date of Birth: April 23 2007
interest in a variety of artistic materials who can
manage to aid others and respond swiftly to
Place of birth: Quirino Memorial
responsibilities. Accepts that I must acquire new
Medical Center
skills and knowledge through stepping out of my
comfort zone and facing challenging situation.
Height: 4’11
Accolades and Recognition
Consistent Honor Student 2011 – present
Weight: 38 kg
2nd place – Story Telling 2015 District Level
3rd place – Metrobank MTAP Deped – Individual
Nationality: Filipino
2016 District Level
3rd place – Metrobank MTAP Deped – Group 2016
Civil status: Single
District Level
Language: Filipino, English
5th place – Metrobank MTAP Deped – Group 2017
District Level
Education:
4th place – BigSayWit 2017 District Level
Primary
5th place – Metrobank MTAP Deped – Group 2018
Tangob Elementary School
3rd place – Feature Writing Filipino 2018 District
Secondary
Level
Lipa City Science
National High School
Integrated 5th place – Metrobank MTAP Deped – Group 2019
Awardee of Medal for Academic Execellence –
Congresswoman Vilma Santos Recto (2019)
Melodic Science Member – S.Y. 2022-2023
Sports and Cultural Club Class Representative –
S.Y. 2022-2023
Scientific project and authorship
THE USABILITY OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN
EACH CLASSROOM IN LIPA CITY SCIENCE
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL S.Y.
2019-2020
Grade 7 – Action Research
THE USE OF LIME (Citrus aurantiifolia),
ORANGE (Citrus sinensis), AND WHITE
VINEGAR (Acetic acid) AS AN EFFECTIVE
DISINFECTANT FOR THE MASSES DURING
COVID – 19 PANDEMIC
Grade 8 – Applied Science Paper
Port-A-Socket: Heavy-Duty Mobile Solar
Generator Incorporating USB Ports and Sockets –
Scientific Investigatory Project S.Y. 2021 - present
Computer Technological and Technical Skills
•
Microsoft Word
•
Microsoft PowerPoint
•
Microsoft Excel
•
Canva
•
Capcut Video Editor
•
Ibis Paint X
Character References
Liezel M. Villanueva, PhD
Contact No.
Principal II
Lipa City Science INHS
Lorena L. Torres
Contact No.
Head Teacher III
Lipa City Science INHS
I do hereby certify that all information contained is
true and correct to the best of my ability, knowledge
and belief.
Name: Julia M. Fernando
Contact Details: 09167978696
1X1
Email: msjuliafernando@gmail.com
Personal Information
Professional Profile
I am currently a Grade 10 student at Lipa City
Address: #326 Dimaculangan St. Science Integrated National High School.
Bagongpook Lipa City
Personal Profile
A highly driven and ambitious student looking for
Date of Birth: January 8, 2007
chances to expand and use the knowledge and
abilities they have learned in school. I can juggle
Place of birth: San Jose North
extracurricular activities, and my academic goals.
District Hospital
For the purpose of becoming a well-rounded person
Height: 4’11
and making a positive contribution to society, I am
dedicated to constantly expanding my knowledge
Weight: 36 kg
and skill set.
Accolades and Recognition
Nationality: Filipino
Civil status: Single
Consistent Honor Student (Grades 1-6)
Supreme Pupil Government (President)
Language: Filipino, English
3rd Place Table tennis Doubles (District)
Rafael M. Lojo Memorial Elementary School
Education:
3rd Place Table tennis Single A (District)
Pinangtungulan National High School
Primary
Bagongpook Elementary School
Secondary
Lipa City Science Integrated
National High School
1st Place Table tennis Single A (District)
Bagongpook Elemntary School
3rd Place Table tennis Doubles Secondary
(Division)
De Lasalle Lipa City
3rd Place Table tennis Doubles Secondary (District)
Lipa City Sports Academy
Youth Leadership Excellence Award
(JCI Philippines)
With Honors - Grade 7 S.Y. 2019-2020
With Honors - Grade 8 S.Y. 2020-2021
WIth Honors - Grade 9 S.Y. 2021-2022
Journalism (Copy Reading) Participant
(2018-2019)
Elimination Round MTAP Participant
(2019)
Math Trail Participant
Robotics Participant (2019)
Science Investigatory Project Applied Science
Partcipant (District) Elementary
Lipa City National High School
Barkda Kontra Droga Club Class RepresentativeS.Y 2022-2023
Sports and Cultural Club Class Representative –
S.Y. 2022-2023
Scientific project and authorship
THE USABILITY OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN
EACH CLASSROOM IN LIPA CITY SCIENCE
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL S.Y.
2019-2020
Grade 7 – Action Research
LEMON (Citrus limon), PEPPERMINT (Mentha
piperita) AND ALOE EVRA (Aloe barbadensis
Miller) AS AN ALTERNATIVE ANTI-FOOT
ODOR CREAM
Grade 8 – Applied Science Paper
Port-A-Socket: Heavy-Duty Mobile Solar
Generator Incorporating USB Ports and Sockets –
Scientific Investigatory Project S.Y. 2021 – present
Computer Technological and Technical Skills
•
Microsoft PowerPoint
•
Microsoft Excel
•
Microsoft Word
•
Canva
•
Capcut Video Editor
•
Pics Art
Character References
Liezel M. Villanueva, PhD
Contact No.
Principal II
Lipa City Science INHS
Lorena L. Torres
Contact No.
Head Teacher III
Lipa City Science INHS
I do hereby certify that all information contained is
true and correct to the best of my ability, knowledge
and belief.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................................................
CURRICULUM VITAE ...........................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and it's Setting
I.
Background of the Study ...............................................................................................
II.
Statement of the Problem ..............................................................................................
III.
Assumptions and Hypothesis.........................................................................................
a. Assumptions ...........................................................................................................
b. Affirmative Hypothesis ..........................................................................................
c. Null Hypothesis ......................................................................................................
IV.
Significance of the Study...............................................................................................
V.
Scope and Delimitations ................................................................................................
VI.
Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................
VII.
Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
I.
Related Literature ...........................................................................................................
a. Local.........................................................................................................................
b. Foreign .....................................................................................................................
II.
Related Studies ...............................................................................................................
a. Local.........................................................................................................................
b. Foreign .....................................................................................................................
CHAPTER III
Methodology
I.
Method of Research ........................................................................................................
II.
Research Design .............................................................................................................
III.
Materials .........................................................................................................................
IV.
Procedure ........................................................................................................................
V.
Flowchart ........................................................................................................................
CHAPTER IV
Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Data
I.
Analysis ..........................................................................................................................
II.
Presentation of Data ........................................................................................................
III.
Interpretation of Data ......................................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
This chapter tackles with the introduction, statement of the problem, its background and
significance, assumptions and hypothesis, definition of terms, scope and limitations of the
study and the conceptual framework that helped the researchers in completion of the study.
I.
Background of the Study
In this present world of industry and technology, fossil fuels are extensively used all
across the world. In the US, fossil fuels serve about 80% of their energy needs
(https://www.eia.gov). This statistic is worrisome, considering the negative effects of fossil
fuels on the masses. Some of these international issues we face are climate change and air
pollution. The reasons for these issues are the combustion of fossil fuels that releases carbon
dioxide, creating a wilting atmosphere and environment. These wastes in the air and atmosphere
could be lessened yet they remain to be left off and fended to human ignorance. It is a prevailing
issue all around the world; it harms the environment, organisms, and even the economy.
Is the Philippines safe from the dreadful effects of climate change? The answer is no.
According to iberdola.com, the Philippines ranks second among the many countries threatened
and highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, with a whopping climate risk index or
"CRI" of 11.17. One of the major sources of greenhouse gases is the use of fossil fuels. These
greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change, but despite the risks of climate
change, the Philippines remains heavily reliant on coal power plants for baseload power
(climatechangenews.com).
Our electricity keeps our economy and humankind going and growing. However, the
huge demand for electricity increases every year, and supply is not enough to meet these
requirements. This would cause a power outage and possibly a rotational power outage; for
example, the provinces of Mindoro have been experiencing six to fourteen-hour power outages
every day since June 27 due to a power supply shortage affecting over a million residents,
according to the Manila Times. The Department of Energy said the peak power demand in 2021
is expected to exceed the 15,282 MW high set in 2020 before the lockdowns were implemented.
The researchers decided to use solar panels in response to rising power demand and the effects
of climate change. Solar panels are pieces of equipment, often installed in the rooftop of a
building or house, that harvest light and heat energy from the sun to produce electricity (Oxford
Learner's Dictionary, 2020). A solar panel works by allowing photons, or particles of light, to
knock electrons free from atoms, generating a flow of electricity (Dhar, 2017). The full
utilization of solar panels can lead to a decrease in environmental pollution and help us towards
a bright utopia.
Hence, the researchers decided to create a study on Port-a-Socket: A Heavy-Duty
Mobile Solar Generator Incorporating USB Ports and Sockets, a portable generator that gains
power from sunlight and incorporates the use of USB ports and sockets.
II. Statement of the Problem
This research study aims to make a mobile solar generator incorporating USB Ports
and sockets and determine its functions.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:
1.
How much voltage and mAh (milliamp hours) can the Port-A-Socket supply?
2.
How long does it take for the Port-A-Socket to fully charge?
3.
What time is the most effective and efficient for charging the Port-A-Socket using
solar panel?
4.
How long will the Port-A-Socket be able to provide electricity?
5.
How many devices will the Port-A-Socket be able to charge at once?
III. Assumptions and Hypothesis
A. Assumptions
1.
The Port-A-Socket will be able to supply a definite amount of voltage and
mAh.
2. There is a definite range of time for the constructed Port-A-Socket to fully
charges devices.
3. The most efficient and effective time for charging the Port-A-Socket will be
morning to afternoon.
4. The constructed Port-A-Socket will only provide electricity for a definite range
of time.
5. There will be many devices that can porta socket can charge at once.
B. Affirmative Hypothesis
1.
It would only supply sufficient amount of volt and mAh.
2.
It would take a short time to fully charge the Port-A-Socket.
3.
There will be specific timeframe to charge the Port-A-Socket.
4.
The Port-A-Socket will be able to provide electricity.
5.
The Port-A-Socket will be able to charge multiple devices at once.
C. Null Hypothesis
1.
It would only supply a little amount of volt and mAh.
2.
It would take many hours to fully charge the Port-A-Socket.
3.
There will be no specific timeframe to charge the Port-A-Socket.
4.
The Port-A-Socket will not be able to provide electricity.
5.
The Port-A-Socket will not be able to charge multiple devices at once.
IV. Significance of the Study
As technology advances, we become less aware of our electricity consumption when
charging devices such as cell phones, iPads, tablets, and laptops. And as time passes, fossil
fuels are gradually depleting, with some estimates predicting that all of our fossil fuels will
be depleted by 2060. Meanwhile, some of us are unaware that we are also harming the
environment due to pollution produced by nuclear power plants. The main idea behind this
is to absorb sunlight and convert it into clean energy for a broad range of products like
electronic devices, such as laptops, phones, fans, and other devices. The product will be
mobile, allowing for transport anywhere. It will also be environmentally friendly and can be
used in case there is an power interruption.
The study will be of significance to the following:
Consumers: This study is significant to consumers. The Philippines is one of the
countries on the globe that is prone to natural disasters. One of the most major problems is
the power outage. There are no lights at night, all communication is down, and even phone
charging and other devices are not possible. Mobile gadgets act as simple and quick tool for
communication, connecting people. Immediate communication with loved ones will be
impossible unless mobile gadgets can be charged. Also, for students who are in online classes
and individuals who are working online, for example, if there is an unexpected power
interruption, they can use the product to continue their work and tasks. It can also be used
for outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, etc.
Future Researchers: The researchers will inspire and serve as a guide to future
students to have a new idea and make a new version of Port-a-Socket: A Heavy-Duty Mobile
Solar Generator Incorporating USB Ports And Sockets that gives a new format of technology
as well as new features and specs.
Environment: This research will benefit the environment. It will lower demand for
fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and result in fewer poisonous emissions into
the atmosphere.
V. Scope and Delimitations
The cross-purpose of this study is the efficiency and efficacy of using solar panels. The
study aims to find how using solar panels is better than other energy sources. Test trials will
be held and an assessment shall be given post-trials. Experimentations shall be done to
calculate the efficiency and efficacy of using this method and how useful it is at different
times of the day. The researchers will also give notice to the concept of being able to use a
device on zero battery percentage while it is plugged in.
On a separate matter, the study limits its range of applicable devices to gadgets that
consume energy as much as laptops. The experiment will only be limited to the use of
electronic devices, such as laptops, phones, fans, and other paraphernalia.
VI.
Definition of Terms
•
Monocrystalline Solar Panel - a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a
source of energy for generating electricity or heating and have the highest
efficiency rates, typically in the 15-20% range.
•
1000 watts Battery (70,000 mAh) - a container consisting of one or more cells,
in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of
power.
•
Electricity - a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles
(such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or
dynamically as a current.
•
Socket - an electrical device receiving a plug or light bulb to make a connection.
•
Electric Circuit - path for transmitting electric current.
•
mAh (Milliamp Hour) - means milliamp Hour and is a unit that measures
(electric) power over time.
•
Volt - derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and
electromotive force.
•
Alternating Current (AC) - is a type of electrical current, in which the direction
of the flow of electrons switches back and forth at regular intervals or cycles.
•
Direct current (DC) - is electrical current which flows consistently in one
direction.
•
USB port - a standard cable connection interface for personal computers and
consumer electronics devices.
•
Inverter - electronic devices that can turn DC (Direct Current) to AC (Alternating
Current).
•
Digital Battery Indicator – used to monitor the battery percentage.
•
Solar Controller - is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries
from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar
panels going to the battery.
•
AC Outlet - connect electric equipment to the alternating current mains electricity
power supply.
•
Voltmeter - A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electric potential
difference between two points in an electric circuit.
VII. Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter tackles the conceptual and concerned literature which provides background for
the study.
I. FOREIGN
Producing and using electricity more efficiently reduces both the amount of fuel needed
to generate electricity and the amount of greenhouse gases and other air pollution emitted as
a result. Electricity from renewable resources such as solar, geothermal, and wind generally
does not contribute to climate change or local air pollution since no fuels are combusted.
The air and water pollution emitted by coal and natural gas plants is linked with
breathing problems, neurological damage, heart attacks, cancer, premature death, and a host
of other serious problems. The pollution affects everyone: one Harvard University study
estimated the life cycle costs and public health effects of coal to be an estimated $74.6 billion
every year. That’s equivalent to 4.36 cents per kilowatt hour of electricity produced—about
one-third of the average electricity rate for a typical US home.
Adopting PV solar more widely would not only reduce the threat from climate change,
it could cut down on pollution-related illnesses like asthma, emphysema, and lung cancer. It
would also reduce pollution-related stress on plants and animals.
Solar energy systems/power plants do not produce air pollution or greenhouse gases.
Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment when solar energy
replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger impacts on the
environment.
Solar panels are one of the most promising renewable technologies for energizing
future buildings. For roof top solar panel installations, knowledge of the optimum tilt angle
is important to have the maximum annual or seasonal energy yield. The annual optimum tilt
angle is dependent on many factors such as the latitude of the location and the weather
condition. (Siraki, et al., 2012)
The global demand for energy is currently growing beyond the limits of installable
generation capacity. To meet future energy demands efficiently, energy security and
reliability must be improved and alternative energy sources must be investigated
aggressively. An effective energy solution should be able to address long-term issues by
utilizing alternative and renewable energy sources. Of the many available renewable sources
of energy, solar energy is clearly a promising option as it is extensively available. (Alam, et.
al., 2012)
The recent decades have seen the increase in solar power demand for reliable and clean
sources electricity. The generation of solar power is based on the sun ray’s intensity on the
solar panel and the wavelength. The challenge in solar power plant to maximize the
wavelength of the rays from the sun and minimize the temperature effect on the Panel.
Solar energy provides several significant advantages, such as reduction of the CO2
emissions, increase of energy supply diversification, security of energy, and
regional/national energy independence. Due to the reduced installation cost and the rapid
advances in solar energy technology, the installed capacity of solar power has been
increasing over time in the United States. Nevertheless, the solar energy capacity and policies
differ significantly across the states. Thus, determining the consumers' preferences for solar
energy and policies is critical for future solar energy policy development. (Lu, 2016)
Solar power, especially as it reaches more competitive levels with other energy sources
in terms of cost, may serve to sustain the lives of millions of underprivileged people in
developing countries. Furthermore, solar energy devices can benefit the environment and
economy of developing countries. (Devabhaktuni, et al., 2013)
Typical commercial solar panels consist of approximately 60 individual photovoltaic
cells connected in series. Since the usual Kirchhoff rules apply, the current is uniform
throughout the circuit, while the electric potential of the individual devices is cumulative.
Hence, a solar panel is a good analog of a simple resistive series circuit. (Gfroerer, 2013)
II. LOCAL
Quezon City – Air pollution from fossil fuels—primarily coal, oil, and gas—is
attributed to cause an estimated 27,000 premature deaths per year in the Philippines, and can
cost the country up to approximately 1.9% of GDP in economic losses annually, according
to new research by Greenpeace Southeast Asia.
The Philippine ecosystem is very biodiverse and is extremely vulnerable to the effects
of climate change. Create a positive impact through your solar energy system - one solar
panel can neutralize carbon dioxide emissions of up to 42 cars that drive five kilometers
every day. And the carbon dioxide neutralized by five solar panels is equivalent to planting
100,000 trees every year!
“Every year, air pollution from fossil fuels takes millions of lives, increases our risks
to strokes, lung cancer and asthma, and costs us trillions of dollars in economic losses.
Filipinos have long been bearing the brunt of climate impacts, as well as health and economic
impacts of dirty air. It’s clear that the country needs to transition to renewable energy sources
and phase out fossil fuel power plants.”
From a geographic standpoint, the Philippines is a strong candidate for the solar power
implementation. According to a study conducted by the Nation Renewable Energy
Laboratory, the Philippines has an average solar energy potential of 4.5 kWh/m2 per day
throughout the country. Due to the amount of sunlight that the Philippines is exposed to
throughout the country, developing solar plants is a good choice in terms of developing
alternate energy solutions.
In its current state, the Philippines has a strong reliance on fossil fuels to meet its energy
demand, with about 77% of its power sector relying upon this source. The use of these fossil
fuels has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions prompting a negative environmental
impact. A transition to a renewable energy source such as solar would reduce this negative
effect on the environment. Finally, the Philippines has experienced frequent electricity
outages in certain areas, particularly during summer months, since the 1990s. Furthermore,
energy demand increased from 25.6 GWh in 1990 to 77.3 GWh in 2014. With energy
demand to double from its 2013 amount by 2040, power outages are likely to increase as
well. Renewable energy sources like solar could increase energy production and prevent
these outages moving forward.
The Philippines’ current blackouts, and the associated energy supply and security
challenges, have already prompted multi-sectoral, bipartisan calls for action to transform the
country’s energy system. The island nation also remains highly vulnerable to the impacts of
climate change. In the last few years, as potential impacts become clearer, climate action has
become an important issue for energy supply, energy security, job creation and postpandemic essentials like cleaner air and a healthy planet. (Apanada, M. J., et al., 2021)
Electricity costs in the Philippines are the highest among the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) 10 member countries at around 10 PhP/kWh (USD0.20/kWh).
Much of that has to do with longstanding government fossil-fuel industry subsidies that
transfer the fuel, currency and other socioeconomic and environmental risks and burdens of
electricity generation, transmission and distribution from utilities and large independent
power producers that have the ability to manage them to everyday Filipinos, many of whom
live at marginal, subsistence levels, IEEFA highlights in a March 2019 research report.
(Philippines Solar Profile, 2019)
The Philippines given its geographic and archipelagic characteristics is at advantage
and possesses strong potential in harnessing solar energy for power production and
consumption. One report stated that the Department of Energy (DOE) believes that solar
energy can be a dominant resource for future power plant projects with a 17.9 percent share,
improving faster than coal-fired facilities. (Junatas, J. L., 2019)
Solar energy is the least tapped of all the renewable energy sources in the Philippines.
In the 2013 Energy Sector Accomplishment Report of the Department of Energy, the
country’s primary energy supply in 2012 reached 42.90 million tons of oil equivalent
(MTOE). (Macabebe, et al., 2016)
The Philippines needs to have alternate means of energy supply that is less costly and
does not contribute to global warming. Using solar energy as source of electricity can help
Filipinos produce their own power and save cost in the long run. As the sun’s location in the
celestial sphere is not fixed all throughout the year, it is therefore important to pinpoint the
optimal tilt of solar panels to produce the maximum amount of power available for semifixed installations (Malicdem, 2015)
III. Justification
Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and many others are now conventional in this day
and age, prompting multiple purposes. We mostly observe its uses in cases like powering
engines, producing heat, and most notably, producing electricity. Fossil fuels are and have
been a pioneer in today’s industry. It is ubiquitous that fossil fuels harm the environment;
and in one way or form help the environment, people can opt for renewable energy. As such,
the study was developed to observe the advantages of renewable energy, particularly with
the use of solar. In addition to this, it is also to notify our fellow people of the dangers and
effects of fossil fuels, all whilst promoting the use of an alternative, renewable energy that
comes with fewer repercussions. Knowing the consequences and mechanics of these
modern-day materials and considering how we consume them as a part of day-to-day life
would help to lessen the worrying issues fossil fuels bring. The main purpose of this study
is to cue everyone for a call to action, an action that would help prolong the environment’s
withering health.
It is also worth noting that previous works may be considered identical to this study,
but it is not a duplicate. Regardless of preceding theses, new findings must still be created in
pursuit of knowledge. The findings created and found in this study, along with past
conclusions and findings, would aid the field’s growing body of knowledge.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter tackles the method of research used, research design, statistical treatment,
subjects and participants, general procedures, and flowchart.
I. Method of Research
This study employs quantitative research methods and is linked to scientific methods
for the product's function. This data collection method will be appropriate for the study
because it hopes to discover the efficiency and effectiveness of the Port-A-Socket. Through
observation and experimentation, it will elicit numerical data from the product's
performance.
II. Research Design
The experimental design is involved with an experimental factor that undergoes
pretesting and the actual test. The effectiveness and efficiency of porta socket will undergo
testing. The result of the test will be analyzed, to know if it is effective, if it is not, we'll find
a way to make it effective. It will also be the basis of our findings.
Figure 2. Single Line Diagram of the Port-A-Socket
III. Materials
•
Monocrystalline Solar Panel
•
Solar Controller
•
Switch Buttons
•
Digital Battery Indicator
•
Battery
•
Inverter
•
Voltmeter
•
AC Outlet
•
Fiber Casing
I.
Procedure
1. List down and research about what materials will be used for the product like
different types of solar panels and what kind and capacity of battery will be used.
2. Locate where the materials will be purchased.
3. Test and assess the quality of the materials.
4. Fabrication of the casing
5. Installation of Voltmeter, Switches, USB & AC Outlet, Solar Controller, Solar
Connecter, Ampere Meter, Main Panel of Casing.
6. Wiring of The Control Panel With Connecter
7. Installation of Inverter, AC Battery Charger, Solar Control, & Battery 12v (70,000
mAh)
8. Testing the Port-a-Socket to see what are needed to be changed to perform properly.
V. Flowchart
Make a list of and conduct research on the components that will go into the
product, such as the various solar panel types and the type and capacity of
batteries.
Doing the manufacturing of the casing
and testing and evaluating the
materials' quality.
Find the establishment where
the supplies will be bought.
Voltmeter, switches, a USB port and an
AC outlet, a solar controller, a solar
connector, an ammeter, and the main
panel of the casing were installed.
Control Panel Wiring with Connector
Doing the manufacturing of the casing
and testing and evaluating the
materials' quality.
Installation of the inverter, the AC battery
charger, the solar controller, and the 12
volt battery (70,000 mAh), as well as the
wiring of the control panel with the
connector
Putting the Port-a-Socket through tests to determine
what has to be altered for it to work properly
Figure 3. Flowchart
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows, evaluates, and analyzes the information gleaned from seeing
experimental research in action. The tabulated data displays the findings of the conducted
experimental inquiry.
I. ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
To perform the obligatory processes that must be done in order to obtain the results,
the product was tested using electrical devices. Testing the product to determine its
dependability and validity was also a part of the experiment. This chapter analyzed, evaluated,
and summarized the data collection process.
The following findings used tables that were utilized to display the data that was obtained from
the experiments.
Device
Wattage
Battery
Start Use/
Level
Charge
End
Use/Charge
Battery
Total Time
Level
Total
Consumption
Firefly FEL438
Handy
Emergency
Lamp
Standard Desk
Fan 16’
12
0%
8:06 PM
8:06 PM
100%
24 hrs
33%
74
N/A
9:06 PM
5:15 PM
N/A
9 hrs, 12 mins
100%
Standard Desk
Fan 16’
74
N/A
10:06 PM
10:06 PM
N/A
7 hours, 30
100%
Standard Desk
Fan 16’
74
N/A
11:06 PM
10:06 PM
N/A
7 hrs, 30 mins
100%
Standard Desk
Fan 16’
74
N/A
12:06 AM
6:39 PM
N/A
9 hrs, 33 mins
100%
Standard Desk
Fan 16’
74
N/A
1:06 AM
5:02 PM
N/A
7 hrs, 56 mins
100%
Huawei Honor
7s
6
2%
2:06 AM
12:44 PM
100%
2 hrs, 43 mins
20%
Samsung
Galaxy Tab A7
Lite
7.75
2%
3:06 AM
6:10 PM
100%
3 hrs, 38 mins
28%
mins
Table 1. Devices Test and Usage
The first table shows the relationship between the device and its wattage so we can
examine the battery level throughout the course of a certain period of time. Also, it records
the end of the time when the utilized device was fully charged and displays the beginning of
the time when the device will begin to charge. The table provides information about the
usage and charging behavior of several devices. The Firefly FEL438 Handy Emergency
Lamp appears to have a long-lasting battery life, with a single charge lasting for 24 hours
and consuming only 33% of the battery capacity. The Standard Desk Fan 16' has a high
wattage but we don't have any information on its energy consumption or efficiency. The
Huawei Honor 7s and Samsung Galaxy Tab A7 Lite have low wattages and require frequent
charging, with the Huawei Honor 7s requiring a charge every 2 hours and 43 minutes and
the Samsung Galaxy Tab A7 Lite requiring a charge every 3 hours and 38 minutes. Overall,
the table provides useful insights into the energy usage and charging behavior of these
devices.
Charge
Day
Type
No.
Solar
Date
Day
9-Feb-
1
23
Weather
Battery
Start
Level
Time
Lumens
Temperature
End
Battery
Total
Time
Level
Time
44.8
Sunny
0%
7:58 AM
x1000
25.8 Celsius
0%
26.2 Celsius
50%
27.7 Celsius
52%
28 Celsius
52%
27.3 Celsius
50%
27.6 Celsius
51%
27.9 Celsius
69%
LUX
10:13
AM
12:27
PM
31.6
x1000
LUX
24.6
x1000
LUX
136.2
2:28 PM
x100
LUX
3:59 PM
Solar
Day
10-
2
Feb-23
73.9 x100
LUX
124.6
Sunny
51%
7:46 AM
x1000
LUX
10:07
AM
165
x1000
LUX
130.1
12:12
x100
PM
28.5 Celsius
62%
28.6 Celsius
62%
27.5 Celsius
59%
27.8 Celsius
55%
28.1 Celsius
78%
27.8 Celsius
76%
28.7 Celsius
73%
LUX
122.4
2:15 PM
x100
LUX
4:16 PM
Solar
Day
11-
3
Feb-23
134.9 x10
LUX
146.3
Sunny
8:20 AM
x1000
LUX
10:35
AM
47.3
x1000
LUX
12:08
PM
38.3
x1000
LUX
100.3
4:04 PM
x100
LUX
Table 2. Solar Charging
Table A displays the product's capability for solar charging along with its performance.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine how the weather affected solar charging.
It was discovered that the likelihood for a higher battery level, as indicated in the table,
increases with higher temperatures and sunny days. As we measure the weather, the lumens,
and the temperature in order to determine the battery level makes it understandably timeconsuming. In particular, the Port-A Socket's functionality depends on how it will be
utilized.
Charge
Type
Day No.
Date
Battery
Start
Level
Time
End Time
Battery
Total
Level
Time
AC
Day 1
23-Jul-22
0%
7:30 AM
5:05 PM
60%
AC
Day 2
25-Jul-22
0%
7:42 AM
4:46 PM
60%
9 hours, 35
minutes
9 hours, 4
minutes
AC
Day 3
3-Jan-23
0%
12:16 PM
9:39 PM
100%
AC
Day 4
8-Jan-23
0%
8:56 AM
5:21 PM
100%
AC
Day 5
5-Feb-23
0%
9:03 AM
5:05 PM
100%
9 hours, 23
minutes
8 hours, 25
minutes
8 hours, 2
minutes
Table 3. AC Charging
The table shows that a continuous five days were spent utilizing an AC power source
to charge the device. Over the course of about 9 hours each day on Days 1 and 2, the battery
level rose from 0% to 60%. On Day 3, the battery level rose from 0% to 100% over the
course of about 9 hours. The same thing happened on Days 4 and 5. Overall, we can see that
the battery can operate the gadget for at least 8 hours before it has to be recharged, and that
it takes roughly 9 hours to fully charge the device using an AC power supply.
II. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Through the experimentation and trials that were held by the researchers, they were
able to gain knowledge regarding the functionality of the Port-A-Socket, how efficiently it
would be given different variables, and if there are errors and mistakes.
For the first experiment, the researchers used different devices including a lamp, desk
fan, smartphone, and a tablet. This experiment was done to show how long the Port-ASocket could supply electricity among different household devices.
For the second experiment, it was conducted to test the product’s capability for solar
charging and to determine how the weather affects solar charging. After gathering the data,
it is shown that the Port-A-Socket solar charging is most likely to work efficiently with
higher temperatures or sunny days. This experiment proves that the Port-A-Socket’s solar
charging functionality depends on how it will be utilized
For the third experiment, it was conducted to test if the AC charging is working
properly along with its efficiency. The researchers tested the Port-A-Socket among variable
weather conditions to determine whether it affected performance. After gathering the data
needed, it was shown that the average time it takes to fully charge a device using the AC
power supply is 8-9 hours. This significant experiment shows that solar charging works
properly.
It is also found that AC charging provides more efficient capabilities than solar
charging. Both AC charging and solar charging were tested to charge within 8-9 hours and
the AC charging appears to provide the most battery level in a small period. In gloomy
weather, solar charging doesn’t perform as efficiently as AC charging which makes it
understandably time-consuming.
To summarize analyses and findings, it was evident that the Port-A-Socket’s
capabilities were highly efficient and functional. It can charge different devices in a period.
The solar charging functions properly as it successfully charged the used device for the
experiment regardless of the weather. The AC charging is working efficiently and can fully
charge the used device within 8-9 hours.
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