A
INHOUSE INDUSTRIAL SKILL BASED TRAINING REPORT
ON
BUSINESS ANALYTICS
TITLE OF THE REPORT
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration
(2020)
SUBMITTED BY: PAAWAN SHARMA
NAME OF THE STUDENT : PAAWAN SHARMA
ENROLLMENT NO.50421001724
Under the guidance of
DR.SUMIT KUMAR DEBNATH
SENIOR.ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Ideal Institute of Management & Technology
(16 X, Karkardooma Institutional Area, Delhi-92)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Training Report entitled business analytics is bonafide work
carried out by Paawan sharma Student of BBA, Ideal Institute of Management and
Technology (affiliated to GGSIP University, Delhi) in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, under
my guidance & direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data &
information presented by him/her in the report has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree.
Dr. Sumit Kumar Debnath
(Sr. Asst. Prof.)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am submitting this training report for the program of Bachelor of
Business
Administration
on
“business analytics ” for Ideal
Institute of Management & Technology Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University.
It has been a great challenge but a plenty of learning and opportunities to gain a
huge amount of knowledge on the way of writing this report. I could not have
completed my training without the constant guidance of Dr. Sumit Kumar
Debnath, my supervisor, who helped me along the way and was always prepared to
give me feedback and guidelines whenever I needed it.
Paawan sharma
50421001724
Signature:
Date:
MICROSOFT EXCEL
 INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT EXCEL
1) WHAT IS EXCEL?

Excel is a software application developed by Microsoft. It
is used for creating, editing, and managing spreadsheets—
documents that contain data organized in rows and
columns.
2. Main Features of Excel:



Spreadsheets: Excel uses a grid of cells, arranged in rows
(horizontal) and columns (vertical).
Cells: Each intersection of a row and column is called a
cell. You can store information, like text, numbers, or
formulas, in each cell.
Workbooks: A single Excel file is called a workbook, and
it can contain multiple worksheets (individual tabs in the
workbook).
3. What You Can Do in Excel:


Data Entry: You can enter text, numbers, and dates into
cells.
Mathematical Calculations: Excel can do basic to
complex calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division) using formulas.



Charts and Graphs: Excel allows you to visualize data in
charts and graphs like pie charts, bar graphs, and line
graphs.
Sorting & Filtering: You can sort data alphabetically or
numerically and filter it to display only the data you need.
Data Analysis: Excel offers powerful tools for analyzing
data, like PivotTables, conditional formatting, and
statistical functions.
4. Excel Functions & Formulas:


Excel has built-in functions that perform calculations
automatically. Some common ones are:
o SUM(): Adds up a range of numbers.
o AVERAGE(): Calculates the average of numbers.
o IF(): Performs a test and returns one value if true and
another if false.
o VLOOKUP(): Looks up a value in a table and returns
related information.
Formulas are simply expressions that start with an equal
sign (=) and use these functions.
5. Formatting Data:



Font & Color: You can change the font style, size, and
color of text.
Cell Formatting: You can adjust cell size, borders, and
Number Formatting: You can format numbers as
currency, percentages, or dates to make data more readable.
6. Advanced Features:



Macros: Excel allows you to automate repetitive tasks
using macros, which are scripts you can create to perform
actions automatically.
Data Validation: You can set rules to control the type of
data entered into cells (e.g., restrict input to only numbers
or dates).
Collaboration: Multiple users can work on the same Excel
file in real-time, especially with tools like Excel Online or
OneDrive.
7. Why is Excel Important?



Organization: Excel helps you organize data in a
structured and easily readable format.
Efficiency: It speeds up calculations and data analysis,
saving time on manual work.
Flexibility: Whether for business, finance, or personal use,
Excel can adapt to a variety of tasks, from budgeting to
project management.
8. Common Uses of Excel:




Business: Creating financial reports, budgets, and sales
tracking sheets.
Education: Analyzing student grades, attendance, and
performance data.
Personal Use: Managing personal finances, to-do lists, and
event planning.
Data Analysis: Performing detailed analysis using large
datasets and advanced functions.
 Why it/s useful
1. Organizes Data
Excel arranges data neatly in rows and columns, making it easier
to manage and understand.
2. Quick Calculations
You can do math quickly, from simple addition to complex
formulas, saving you time.
3. Data Analysis
Excel helps you analyze data by summarizing, filtering, and
calculating it to find patterns and trends.
4. Visualize Data
You can create charts and graphs (like pie charts, bar graphs) to
make data easier to understand and present.
5. Saves Time
Excel speeds up tasks, like updating numbers or doing
calculations automatically, with formulas.
6. Tracks Information
It’s perfect for tracking things like budgets, inventory, sales, or
projects.
7. Easy to Use
While it may seem complicated at first, Excel is user-friendly
for everyday tasks and can be learned quickly.
8. Helps with Decision-Making
Excel makes it easier to analyze data, which helps you make
better decisions in business, finance, and personal life.
9. Customizable
You can design your spreadsheets the way you need, from
simple lists to detailed reports.
10. Collaboration
You can share and work on Excel files with others in real time,
making teamwork easier.
11. Error Prevention
Excel helps reduce mistakes by using built-in functions, and you
can set rules to prevent incorrect data entry.
12. Universal Tool
It’s widely used across different industries, so it’s easy to share
files and collaborate with others.
13. Handles Large Data
Excel can manage both small and large sets of data, making it
flexible for any size project.
14. Cost-Effective
You don’t need multiple tools for different tasks—Excel can do
everything from budgeting to data analysis.
15. Easy to Learn
Even beginners can quickly start using Excel for basic tasks, and
then grow into more advanced features over time.
 Excel importance
1. Helps Organize Data

Keeps your information neatly arranged in rows and
columns, making it easy to read and understand.
2. Makes Calculations Fast

You can quickly add, subtract, multiply, and divide
numbers using formulas, saving you time.
3. Improves Decision-Making

By analyzing and summarizing data, Excel helps you make
smarter choices in business, finance, or personal matters.
4. Visualizes Data

You can turn numbers into charts or graphs to see trends
and patterns easily.
5. Saves Time

Excel can automate tasks like calculations, reducing the
time spent on manual work.
6. Tracks Important Info

Helps you keep track of things like expenses, sales, or
projects so you don’t forget key details.
7. Easy to Learn

Even beginners can quickly use Excel for basic tasks, and
then grow into more advanced features.
8. Widely Used

Many people and businesses use Excel, so knowing it helps
you in many situations—whether at work or in everyday
life.
9. Supports Collaboration

You can share files and work on them together with others,
making teamwork easier.
10. Prevents Mistakes

Excel can help catch errors by using formulas and data
validation, making your work more accurate.
11. Handles Large Data

Whether it's a small list or a big database, Excel can handle
a lot of information without slowing down.
12. Cost-Effective
 don’t need several different programs—Excel can do many
tasks, from budgeting to data analysis.
 AGGREGATE FUNCTION
An aggregate function in Excel (or any data tool) is a
function that combines multiple values into a single
summary value. It helps to calculate or summarize data
over a range of cells.
1. SUM: Adds up a range of numbers.

Example: =SUM(A1:A5) adds all values from cells A1 to
A5.
2. AVERAGE: Calculates the average (mean) of a range of
numbers.

Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B5) gives the average of
values from B1 to B5.
3. COUNT: Counts how many cells contain numbers.

Example: =COUNT(C1:C5) counts how many cells from
C1 to C5 have numbers in them.
4. MIN: Finds the smallest value in a range.

Example: =MIN(D1:D5) returns the smallest number in
cells D1 to D5.
5. MAX: Finds the largest value in a range.

Example: =MAX(E1:E5) returns the largest number in
cells E1 to E5.
Common String Functions (with simple examples)
1. Length
•
Tells you how many characters are in the string.
•
Example:"hello" has 5 characters.len("hello") → 5
2. Uppercase and Lowercase
•
Change letters to all caps or all small.
•
Example:"hello".upper() → "HELLO"
"HELLO".lower() → "hello"
3. Concatenation
•
Join two strings together.
•
Example:
"Hello" + " World" → "Hello World"
4. Substring
•
Get part of a string.
•
Example:
"Hello"[0:3] → "Hel" (starts at position 0, ends before 3)
5. Find or Index
•
Find where a word or letter appears.
•
Example:"apple".find("p") → 1 (because “p” is at index 1)
6. Replace
•
Change part of the string.
•
Example:"hello".replace("e", "a") → "hallo"
7. Strip
•
Remove spaces from start and end.
•
Example:" hello ".strip() → "hello"
 Date function
NOW
TODAY
DATE
YEAR
MONTH
DAY
EO MONTH
VLOOKUP FUNCTION
What is VLOOKUP?
1. VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup.
2. It is used to find data in a table by looking up a value in
the first column.
3. It then returns a value from the same row in another
column.
Simple Example
Imagine this small table:
ID
101
102
103
Name Marks
John 85
Mary 90
Alex 78
You want to find Mary’s marks using her ID (102).
Formula:
php
CopyEdit
=VLOOKUP(102, A2:C4, 3, FALSE)
Explanation:




102 → This is the ID you're searching for.
A2:C4 → This is the table (ID, Name, Marks).
3 → The 3rd column has the Marks.
FALSE → You want an exact match.
Result: 90
HLOOKUP FUNCTION
1. HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup.
2. It is used to search for a value in the first row of a table
(side to side).
3. It returns a value from the same column, but from a
different row.
4. Think of it as the horizontal version of VLOOKUP.
Simple Example
Let’s say we have this data:
A
B
C
Name John Mary Alex
Marks 85 90 78
You want to find the marks of Mary.
Formula:
php
CopyEdit
=HLOOKUP("Mary", A1:C2, 2, FALSE)
Explanation:





"Mary" → This is what we’re looking for (found in first
row).
A1:C2 → This is our table.
2 → We want the value from the 2nd row (Marks).
FALSE → We want an exact match.
Result: 90
What Are Charts and Graphs in Excel?
 Charts and graphs in Excel are tools that help you turn
numbers into pictures.
 They make it easier to understand and compare data.
 Instead of just looking at numbers in rows and columns,
charts help you see patterns, trends, and differences.
Why Use Charts in Excel?




To make data easy to understand
To spot trends and changes over time
To compare different sets of data
To present your work clearly and professionally
Types of Charts in Excel (with Simple Explanation):
Chart Type
What It Shows
Compares values using
Column
vertical bars
Chart
Same as column but
Bar Chart
horizontal
Line Chart
Shows trends over time
Pie Chart
Shows parts of a whole
Doughnut
Chart
Like a pie chart but with a
hole
Example
Sales by month
Votes in an
election
Temperature
changes daily
Market share by
company
Budget distribution
Chart Type
What It Shows
Example
Like a line chart but filled
Cumulative sales
Area Chart
with color
Shows the relationship
Age vs. income
Scatter Plot
between two sets of data
Shows frequency (how often
Exam score ranges
Histogram
things happen)
Shows how values go up or
Waterfall
Profit calculation
down in steps
Chart
Sales (bars) +
Combo
Mix of two charts
Target (line)
Chart
How to Create a Chart in Excel (Step-by-Step):
1. your data into cells.
2. Select the data (including headers like "Month" and "Sales").
3. Click on the Insert tab in the menu.
4. Choose the chart type you want (Column, Pie, Line, etc.).
5. Excel creates the chart Enter instantly!
6. You can customize it: add titles, change colors, and more.
Tips for Choosing the Right Chart:
Use column or bar charts to compare categories.
 Use line charts to show trends over time.
 Use pie or doughnut charts for percentages.
 Use scatter plots to explore relationships.
 Use combo charts when comparing different types
of data.

PIVOT TABLE
WHAT IS PIVOT TABLE
A Pivot Table is a powerful data analysis and summarization
tool used in spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel,
Google Sheets, and other data tools (like Tableau, Power BI). It
allows users to automatically sort, count, total, or average data
stored in a table or spreadsheet and display the results in a new
table, showing different views of the data.
Key Concepts of a Pivot Table
1. Rows-These are the categories or fields you want to display in
the rows of your pivot table. For example, if you’re analyzing
sales data, you might use “Region” or “Product” as row fields.
2. Columns-These define how the data will be spread across
columns. Continuing the sales example, you could use “Month”
or “Salesperson” as column headers.
3. Values-This section contains the data to be summarized.
These are typically numeric values like sales amount, profit, or
quantity. You can choose summary functions like:
•
Sum
•
Average
•
Count
•
Max / Min
• Standard deviation
4. Filters-Filters allow you to restrict what data is shown in the
pivot table. You can use fields like date, product type, or region
to narrow down the displayed data
Why Use a Pivot Table?
•
To quickly summarize large datasets
•
To group and reorganize data dynamically
•
To create custom reports without altering the original
•
To perform data-driven decision-making
How to Create a Pivot Table in Excel
1.
Select the data you want to analyze.
2.
Go to the Insert tab.
3.
Click on Pivot Table.
4. Choose where to place the table (new or existing
worksheet).
5.
You will see a Pivot Table Field List:
•
Drag fields to Rows, Columns, Values, and Filters.
6. Done! You can now sort, filter, and customize the
summary.
Common Calculations in Pivot Tables
•
Sum – Total of numbers (default for sales, money)
•
Count – Number of entries
•
Average – Mean value
•
Max/Min – Highest or lowest values
Advantages of Pivot Tables
•
No need to write formulas
•
Drag-and-drop interface
•
Easy to update when data changes
•
Supports large datasets
•
Can be refreshed when source data is updated
Limitations of Pivot Tables
• Can’t handle data that’s too unorganized or with many
missing values
• Needs a proper table format (no merged cells)
• Some learning curve for beginners
POWER BI
WHAT IS POWER BI
Power BI is a Business Intelligence (BI) tool developed by
Microsoft. It helps you collect, analyze, visualize, and share data
in a way that is easy to understand and useful for making
decisions.
Why use Power BI?
Imagine you have data in Excel, databases, or online sources.
Looking at raw numbers can be confusing. Power BI turns that
data into interactive charts, graphs, and dashboards so you can
understand what’s going on in your business or project.
Key Features of Power BI:
1.
Data Connection:
•
Connects to different types of data sources like Excel, SQL
Server, Google Analytics, SharePoint, etc.
•
It can combine data from multiple sources.
2.
Data Transformation:
•
Using a tool called Power Query, you can clean and
prepare your data (like removing blanks, filtering rows, etc.).
3.
Data Modeling:
•
You can create relationships between different data tables.
•
Use DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) to create formulas
and custom calculations.
4.
Data Visualization:
•
Create reports using bar charts, pie charts, maps, tables, and
more.
•
Visualizations are interactive—clicking on one chart filters
others.
5.
Dashboards:
•
Combine different visuals into a single page called a
dashboard.
•
Dashboards are great for monitoring key metrics at a
glance.
6.
Sharing and Collaboration:
•
Share your reports and dashboards with others via Power B
Service (online).
•
View on web, mobile, or embed in other apps like
Microsoft Teams or SharePoint.
7.
AI Capabilities:
•
Use built-in artificial intelligence to find trends and make
predictions.
Components of Power BI:
1
Power BI Desktop:
•
Free application for Windows to create reports and
visualizations.
2.
Power BI Service:
•
Online platform (cloud-based) to share and view
dashboards.
3.
Power BI Gateway:
•
Connects on-premises data (like from your office server) to
the Power BI Service.
4.
Power BI Report Server:
•
Host Power BI reports on your own server instead of online
Benefits of Power BI:
•
Easy to use
•
Saves time in analyzing data
•
Helps in making informed decisions
•
Interactive and dynamic reports
•
Works with Microsoft tools like Excel and Teams
Who uses Power BI?
•
Business Analysts
•
Data Analysts
•
Managers
•
Executives
•
Anyone who needs to understand and share data
Example Use Case:
Let’s say a retail company wants to know:
•
Which products are selling best?
•
Which regions are performing poorly?
•
What is the monthly profit?
Power BI can connect to sales data, create visual reports, and
present insights clearly. Managers can then make decisions
based on that information.
EXCEL VS POWER BI
Excel:
1.A spreadsheet tool mainly used for calculations, organizing
data, and creating charts.
2. You can enter data manually, use formulas, create pivot
tables, and build graphs.
3. Great for day-to-day business tasks like budgeting,
forecasting, or making quick reports.
Power BI:
1.A data visualization and business intelligence tool.
2.It connects to large amounts of data from different sources
(databases, cloud, Excel, etc.), processes it, and turns it into
interactive reports and dashboards.
3,Designed for advanced analysis and sharing insights across
teams and organizations.
Feature
Excel
Power BI
Business
Spreadsheet & general data
Intelligence & data
Purpose
analysis
visualization
Familiar, especially for non- More advanced UI,
Ease of Use
technical users
but user-friendly
Optimized for
Data Volume
Slower with large datasets handling large
Handling
datasets
Feature
Excel
Power BI
Advanced data
Limited (Power Pivot
Data
modeling with
improves it)
Modeling
DAX
Rich, interactive,
Visualizations Basic to intermediate charts and dynamic
visuals
Power Query,
Automation VBA, macros, Power Query DAX, automated
refreshes
Power BI Service,
Collaboration
Shared files, OneDrive
dashboards, cloud& Sharing
based
Native real-time
Manual refresh or complex
Real-time
dashboards via
Data Updates setups
gateways
Free desktop
Part of Microsoft 365
version; Pro
Cost
requires license
Moderate
(especially for
Learning
Low to moderate
DAX, data
Curve
modeling)
When to Use Excel
1.You’re doing financial modeling, ad hoc analysis, or simple
data manipulation.
2.You prefer working with pivot tables, formulas, andmanual
entry.
3.You're collaborating via email or OneDrive.
4.You need a flexible workspace to do custom computations or
text-based logic.
When to Use Power BI
1.You need interactive dashboards and reports.
2.You're working with large datasets or pulling from multiple
data sources.
3.You want to automate scheduled data refreshes or create
real-time reports.
4.You require role-based access, sharing via cloud, or
embedding in apps/sites.
5.You want to perform advanced analytics, like forecasting or
trend analysis.
VISUALIZATIONS AND DASHBOARDS
What is a Visualization?
A visualization is just a picture of your data.
Instead of looking at numbers in a table, you use charts and
graphs to make it easier to understand patterns, trends, and
insights.
Example:
If you have sales numbers for every month, a line chart can
show if your sales are going up or down over time.
What is a Dashboard?
A dashboard is a collection of visualizations all shown on one
screen.
It gives a quick overview of important information, so people
can understand what's going on at a glance.
EXAMPLE-Think of it like the dashboard in a car — it shows
speed, fuel level, temperature, etc., in one place.
Types of Visuals (Charts) and What They Show
Chart Type
What It Shows
Example Use Case
Compare different items Sales by region
Similar to bar chart, but
Revenue by product
vertical
Website visitors per
Trends over time
Line Chart
month
Percentages or parts of Market share by
Pie Chart
a whole
company
Like a pie chart with a
Product category share
Donut Chart
hole in the middle
Data across
Sales by country
Map
locations/geography
Data in rows and
Detailed order
Table
columns (like Excel)
information
Shows a single number
Total sales this month
Card
(KPI)
Progress towards a goal Target vs. actual sales
Gauge
Compare parts of a
Sales by product and
Stacked Chart
whole over time
region
A button/filter to
Filter data by year,
change what data is
Slicer
product, etc.
shown
Bar Chart
Column
Chart
Simple Steps to Create a Dashboard
1. Get Your Data
Collect your data from Excel, a database, or online.
Make sure the data is correct and clean (no blanks or errors).
2. Open Your Tool
Open Power BI Desktop or Excel.
Import or connect your data.
3. Choose What You Want to Show
Decide what’s important to show on the dashboard:
Total Sales?
Sales by Region?
Monthly Trends?
Top Products?
4. Create Visuals (Charts)
Add charts to show your data:
Bar/Column Chart → Compare values
Line Chart → Show changes over time
Pie Chart → Show parts of a whole
Card → Show a single number (like Total Sales)
5. use Filters or Slicers
Add filters (called slicers in Power BI) to let users choose:
By Year
By Region
By Product
6. Arrange Your Dashboard
Organize the visuals neatly on the page.
Put the most important numbers at the top.
Keep it clean and easy to read.
7. Save and Share
In Power BI → Publish to Power BI Service to share online.
In Excel → Save and share the file, or upload to
OneDrive/SharePoint
CONCLUSION
Through this practical file, I have gained a deeper understanding
of how to use Power BI / Excel for data analysis and
visualization. I learned how to manage large sets of data, clean
and organize them, and use various tools to create useful charts,
tables, and dashboards. These features helped me see how data
can be turned into meaningful insights.
Working with Power BI / Excel has also taught me how
important it is to present information clearly and accurately. I
practiced using different functions, formulas, and visualization
techniques that can be used in real-life situations, such as
making reports, summaries, or tracking progress.
This practical experience has improved my problem-solving and
analytical skills. It has also shown me the value of data in
decision-making, whether it is for a business, a project, or
personal use. I feel more confident in using Power BI / Excel,
and I now understand how powerful these tools are for anyone
working with data.
Overall, this practical file has been very helpful and informative,
and it has built a strong foundation for more advanced learning
in the future.
THANK
YOU