Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
This matrix compares qualitative and quantitative research in terms of definition, examples,
uses, and data gathering methods.
Aspect
Definition
Examples of Research
Uses
Common Data Gathering
Methods
Qualitative Research
A type of research that
explores phenomena
through non-numerical data
such as words, meanings, or
experiences.
A case study on how science
teachers integrate
environmental issues in
class.
To gain deep understanding
of behaviors, motivations,
perceptions, and
experiences.
Interviews, focus group
discussions, classroom
observations, document
analysis.
Quantitative Research
A type of research that
quantifies variables and
analyzes numerical data
using statistical techniques.
A survey measuring the
effectiveness of an inquirybased science teaching
strategy based on students’
test scores.
To test hypotheses, assess
relationships, and
determine patterns or
averages.
Surveys, standardized tests,
experiments, structured
observations.