THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Stages on Creating Thesis/ Dissertations
1st stage: Title Proposal
2nd stage: Chapter 1-3 Proposal
3rd stage: Final Oral Defense
Paper and Printing Specifications
Paper size: letter (8.5 x 11 inch) in some cases uses A4 size
Font Specification: 11-point or 12 point Arial or Times New Roman
Spacing: Double Spacing (2.0), single space for long quotations, table and figure captions and
similar special materials (e.g. table legend) (1.0): type triple-spaced from the top margin,
centered boldfaced, ALL CAPS, all headings of the preliminary section (except the
copyright page and title page) and all chapter titles.
Margins: 1.5 inches for left, and 1 inch for top, bottom and right margins
Page Numbering: preliminaries by using lowercase roman numerals, fist page of each chapter
should be counted but not numbered, after the first page number 2 on the second page
In-text Citation: Use American Psychological Association (APA) style 7th generation and 5 year
from before the date of the research.
Table 1
The Test of Body of the Paper
Level Format
Pt.
Sample
1
CENTER, BOLDFACE, TITLE CASE
11
CHAPTER 1
2
Flush Left, Boldface, Capitalize Each
11
INTRODUCTION
Words Heading
3
Indented, boldface, Capitalize the
11
Research
first word paragraph
questions
heading ending with a
period.
4
Indented, Italicized, bold face,
Capitalize the first word paragraph heading
ending with a period.
10
The margin of error
is 1.0
5
Indented, Italicized, bold face, Capitalize
the first word paragraph heading ending with a
period.
9
The result are
significance
Figure 1. the italics for
Use italics for
6.1 titles of books, periodicals, films, videos, TV shows, and microfilm publications, except for
words within the title of a book in text that would normally be italicized and should be set in
Roman type (reversed italization);
6.2 genera, species, varieties;
6.3 introduction of a new, technical or key term or label (after a term has been used once, do not
italicize it);
6.4 a letter, word, or phrase cited as a linguistic example;
THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
6.5 words that could be misread;
6.6 letters used as statistical symbol or algebraic variables;
6.7 some test scores and scales;
6.8 periodical volume numbers in reference lists;
6.9 anchors of a scale; and
6.10 Filipino and any other foreign terms used in the text.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
PARTS OF A THESIS/ DISSERTATION
Chapters 1-5 as Standard Research format
Quantitative Research
Preliminaries
 Title Page
 Approval form
 Copyright Page
 Abstract
 Acknowledgement
 Dedication
 Table of Content
 List of Table
 List of Figure
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
AND ITS SETTING
 Introduction
Or/And
 Background of the
study

Mixed Method Research
Qualitative Research
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
AND ITS SETTING
 Introduction
Or/And
 Background of the
study
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
AND ITS SETTING
 Introduction
Or/And
 Background of the
study
Theoretical
 Theoretical
framework
framework

 Conceptual
 Conceptual
Framework
Framework

 Statement of the
 Statement of the
Problem
Problem

 Hypothesis and
 Assumption
Assumption (if
 Scopes and
applicable

Delimitation
 Scopes and
 Significance of the
Delimitation

Study
 Significance of the
 Definition of terms
Study

 Definition of terms
Note: The Color red headings Could be in Chapter 2 in some formats (after the review of related
literature and studies
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
o (thematic Organization of literature and studies shall be followed)
 OR
o Foreign Literature
o Foreign Studies
o Local Literature
o Local Studies
 Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
 Research Design
 Population, Sample Size, and
Theoretical
framework
Conceptual
Framework
Statement of the
Problem
Hypothesis or
Assumption
Scopes and
Delimitation
Significance of the
Study
Definition of terms

3
THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL

Sampling Technique
 Description of Respondents
 Research Instrument
 Data-Gathering Procedure
 Statistical Treatment of Data
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Only the main topics per problem shall appear as headings. The number of subheadings shall be
consistent with the number of subproblems posed in chapter 1
CHAHPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Summary of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations
References
Appendices
 Permission to conduct the study
 Instrument
 Correspondence
 Transcription
 Certificate o originality check
 Certification of statistical treatment
 Certificate of edition
 Biographical statement
 Curriculum Vitae
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
IMRAD Format
Quantitative Research
Preliminaries
 Title Page
 Approval form
 Copyright Page
 Abstract
 Acknowledgement
 Dedication
 Table of Content
 List of Table
 List of Figure
CHAPTER 1 THE
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction /
background of the
study
o Theoretical
framework
o Conceptual
Framework
o (thematic
Organization
of literature
and studies
shall be
followed)
o OR
o Foreign
Literature
o Foreign
Studies
o Local
Literature
o Local Studies
o Synthesis of
the Reviewed
Literature
and Studies
 Statement of the
Problem
 Hypothesis or
Assumption
 Scopes and
Delimitation
 Significance of the
Study
Mixed Method Research
Qualitative Research
CHAPTER 1 THE
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction /
background of the
study
o Theoretical
framework
o Conceptual
Framework
o (thematic
Organization
of literature
and studies
shall be
followed)
o OR
o Foreign
Literature
o Foreign
Studies
o Local
Literature
o Local Studies
o Synthesis of
the Reviewed
Literature
and Studies
 Statement of the
Problem
 Hypothesis and
Assumption (if
applicable
 Scopes and
Delimitation
 Significance of the
Study
CHAPTER 1 THE
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction /
background of the
study
o Theoretical
framework
o Conceptual
Framework
o (thematic
Organization
of literature
and studies
shall be
followed)
o OR
o Foreign
Literature
o Foreign
Studies
o Local
Literature
o Local Studies
o Synthesis of
the Reviewed
Literature
and Studies
 Statement of the
Problem
 Assumption
 Scopes and
Delimitation
 Significance of the
Study
 Definition of terms
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL

Definition of terms

Definition of terms
CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY
 Research Design
 Population, Sample Size, and

Sampling Technique
 Description of Respondents
 Research Instrument
 Data-Gathering Procedure
 Statistical Treatment of Data
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Only the main topics per problem shall appear as headings. The number of subheadings shall be
consistent with the number of subproblems posed in chapter 1
CHAHPTER 4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Summary of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations
References
Appendices
 Permission to conduct the study
 Instrument
 Correspondence
 Transcription
 Certificate o originality check
 Certification of statistical treatment
 Certificate of edition
 Biographical statement
 Curriculum Vitae
6
THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Title Proposal Format
The Thesis Should Have a Mother Research
Title Proposal
Rationale

Overview

Problem

Importance

Objective
Statement of the Problem

General problem

Research question (see statement of the problem format)
Research Method




Method and design
Respondents
Instrument
Procedure
References (APA format)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
WRITE HERE YOUR THESIS/DISSERTATION TITLE IN CAPITAL
LETTERS, ALL SPELLED OUT. NO. OF WORDS SHOULD NOT
EXCEED 14 WORDS PRESENTED IN INVERTED PYRAMID
A <Thesis/Dissertation>
Presented to
The Faculty of the < >
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
<type here the degree program>
By
Firstname Middle name Surname
Firstname Middle name Surname
Firstname Middle name Surname
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Firstname Middle name Surname
Firstname Middle name Surname
Firstname Middle name Surname
<month and year of submission of hardbound e.g. June 2024>
Approval Sheet
This THESIS/DISSERTATION entitled TITLE ALL IN CAPITAL LETTERS prepared
and submitted by (GIVEN NAME-MIDDLE NAME-SURNAME) in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of < >, has been examined and is recommended for approval.
JUAN D. DELA CRUZ, PhD
Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree < > by the
THESIS/DISSERTATION examination committee:
JUAN D. DELA CRUZ, PhD
Chairperson
JUAN D. DELA CRUZ, PhD
JUAN D. DELA CRUZ, PhD
Member
Member
Comprehensive Examination
Date: __________ Rating: _________
Proposal Defense
Date: __________ Rating: _________
Final Oral Defense
Date: __________ Rating: _________
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of < >
JUAN D. DELA CRUZ, PhD
Dean
Note:
●
●
Adjust the number of signatories according to your program.
For MSCJ, the examination committee is composed of three (3) people while for PhD, there are five
(5)
Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality
This is an official document of the <University>. Quotations from, counteraction, or
reproduction of all or any part of this research paper are unauthorized unless with the written
approval of the research writer and <Dean>.
The opinions, ideas, and proposals contained therein are those of the researcher and do not
necessarily represent the official views of the <University>, or any other government agency where
the researcher belongs.
This further certifies that this research paper was written by the undersigned. The research
paper is original and has not been previously submitted, published or accepted for publication
elsewhere. The undersigned properly acknowledged all sources of information used in the research
and has not engaged in any form of academic misconduct, such as plagiarism, fabrication, or
falsification of data.
The undersigned agree that this declaration may be used against him/her if irregularities in
the conduct of this research paper are found.
<signature>
<Firstname MI Surname >
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Researcher
Abstract
Title
:
Title of Thesis / Dissertation
Researcher
:
Name of Researcher
Degree
:
Complete Name of Degree
Institution
:
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Year
:
Year Graduated
Adviser
:
Name of Adviser
The brief summary of what is included in the research study. Must be concise yet accurate
as only the pertinent points of the research study are included: brief introduction, objectives of the
study, methodology, salient findings, conclusions (do not include recommendations), significance
of your study by highlighting the contribution of your study. You may mention the outcome of the
study (if any), but not in detail. The abstract must be 200-250 words only. Spell out all acronyms.
Do not cite your references anymore here. Paraphrasing is more advisable than quoting. Put 5
keywords from the title, SOPs.
Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, fourth keyword, fifth keyword.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Acknowledgement
●
Make an introduction
●
Acknowledge the personalities who helped you in your research.
●
Start from your adviser, Dean of Graduate School as the Chair of the panel, panel
members, thesis/dissertation faculty member, participants, relatives, etc
●
Do not acknowledge other people who have nothing to do with your thesis/dissertation.
<1 page only>
<signature>
<Firstname MI Surname >
Researcher
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Dedication
●
This is a short statement wherein the piece of work is dedicated. This is not part of the
acknowledgement. Make this section very brief. See sample below.
Example:
To my parents, who have always believed in me and supported me throughout my academic
journey. Your unwavering love and encouragement have been my inspiration and motivation. I
dedicate this thesis/dissertation to
you with gratitude and appreciation.
13
THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
\
Table of Contents
Preliminaries
Page
Title Page ………………………………………………………………..
1
Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………….
2
Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality …………………………….
3
Abstract ………………………………………………………………….
4
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………
5
Dedication ……………………………………………………………….
6
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………….
7
List of Tables and Figures ……………………………………………..
8
Chapter 1. The Problem
Introduction…………………………………………………..……
11
Theoretical framework.....…………………………………..….….
11
Conceptual framework………………………………………..……
11
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………….
11
Hypothesis………………………………………………………….
11
Scopes and Delimitation...………………………………………….
11
Significance of the Study...………………………………………….
11
Definition of Terms………………………………………………….
11
Chapter 2. Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature………………………………………………………..
11
Foreign Literature…………………………………………………..
11
Local Literature…………………………………………………….
11
Related Studies…………………………………………………………..
11
Foreign Studies……………………………………………………..
11
Local Studies……………………………………………………….
11
Synthesis of the Related Literature…………….………………………..
11
Chapter 3. Methodology
Research Design…………………………………………………………
13
Population of the Study………………………………………………….
13
Locale of the Study………………………………………………………
13
Research Instrument……………………………………………………..
13
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………….
13
Treatment of the Data……………………………………………………
14
Ethical Considerations…………………………………………………..
14
Dissemination of the Research Outcome………………………………..
14
Chapter 3. Results and Discussion
Write SOP 1……………………………………………………………..
15
Write SOP 2……………………………………………………………..
15
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Write SOP 3……………………………………………………………..
15
Write SOP 4……………………………………………………………..
15
Write SOP 5……………………………………………………………..
15
Outcome of the Study……………………………………………………
15
Chapter 4. Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary of Findings……………………………………………….…..
16
Conclusions………………………………………………………….…..
16
Recommendations………………………………………………….……
16
References ………………………………………………………………………....
17
Appendices
A
Letter to the Dean………………………………………………………..
19
B
Letter to a Key Officer…………………………………………………..
20
C
Letter to the Participants .……………………………………………….
21
D
Letter to the Tool Validator/s ……………………………………………
22
E
Research Instrument/s …..………………………………………………
21
F
Certification by the Tool Validator/s.……………………………………
22
G
Informed Consent Form ………………………………………………...
22
H
Certification by the English Grammar Editor …………………………..
23
I
Certification by the Format Editor ………………………………………
24
J
Certification by the Statistician…………………………………………..
24
K
Research Photo Documentation …………………………………………
25
L
Other Appendices may be Necessary ……………………………………
26
Curriculum Vitae ………………………………………………………………….
100
NOTES
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
1. After filling-up the correct contents of the table of contents, hide the table lines. The lines
were provided to help you organize the contents.
2. Ensure that the accurate paginations are provided.
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables
Page
1
Table Title…………………………………………………………….
1
2
Table Title…………………………………………………………….
11
3
Table Title…………………………………………………………….
12
4
Table Title…………………………………………………………….
13
List of Figures
1
Figure Title……………………………………………………………
14
2
Figure Title……………………………………………………………
15
3
Figure Title……………………………………………………………
16
NOTES
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
1. After filling-up the correct contents of this page, hide the table lines. The lines were
provided to help you organize the contents.
3. Ensure that the accurate titles and paginations are provided.
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
THE BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTIGS
Introduction (<3 – 5> pages only, it should be <4 - 10> sentences each paragraph) (the
introduction is used if applicable)
Use OPILOT FORMAT,
Overview: the overview introduction of the study macro to micro to easily understand
from the beginning of the research (1-5 paragraphs)
Problem: establish the problem of the study what is the problem form macro to micro
format (1 paragraph)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Importance: importance of the study how it was established to help advancing world (1
paragraph)
Literature: this paragraph shows various literature and studies to develop the research
(1-5 paragraphs)
Objectives: what is your research objectives, aims of the study (1 paragraph)
The conclusion: conclusion of the introduction (1 paragraph)
Note: the background of the study should have 5 studies and literature if SHS, 10 studies and
literature for undergraduates, 15 for masters’ degree, 20 for dissertation
Background of the Study (<3 – 5> pages only, it should be <4 - 10> sentences each
paragraph) (the background of the Study is used if applicable)
Use IMML format;
Introduction. Introduce the study (not to exceed 2 pages) by presenting the overview of
the study. Establish the gap and the need to conduct the study. ( use the OPILOT format )
Macro background. Focus on the gaps of the study in the international arena. You may
consider international organizations with functions relative to the study.
Micro Background. Include gaps based on documents and research-based data in the
Philippines. Focus on the justification why there is a need to conduct the study.
Local Background. Identify the gaps in the actual setting of the study. Present the
challenges in the place of study based on available data.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Or this
an overview of what the research is all about describing the problem situation 2
includes current data on the performance of the target respondents
justify the existence of the problem by citing statistical data, authoritative sources, studies
Presents and discusses the intervention selected including a brief history of the
intervention and its developers/proponents
Presents researches relevant to the effectiveness of the chosen intervention
Includes the aim of the action research
Note: the background of the study should have 5 studies and literature if SHS, 10 studies and
literature for undergraduates, 15 for masters’ degree, 20 for dissertation
Theoretical Framework (this could be in chapter 2)
●
Introduction to theories related to the topic and research problems. (1 paragraph)
●
Include theories related to the topic and research problems. Identify a major theory and
other supporting theories. (1 paragraph)
●
Discuss or explain the relevance of the theories and present study. (1 paragraph)
●
Include a synthesis of the theoretical relationships. (1 paragraph)
Note: 2 and 3 bullet could be repeat until <2 – 5> theories are chosen no need for citation only
the theory author and year are the citations on this section. (this theoretical framework could be
included in the background of the study if IMRAD format is applicable) (this theoretical
framework could be in chapter 1 or in chapter 2)
Conceptual Framework (this could be in chapter 2)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
●
Introduction to concept of the study (1 paragraph)
●
Legal basis of the study (1 paragraph if applicable)
●
Conceptual Paradigm of the study
●
Explanation of the Conceptual paradigm of the study (1 paragraph)
●
The connection of the conceptual paradigm to the study (1 paragraph)
Note: Use this Model for each type of research
IPO Model (Context (if
applicable)-Input-ProcessOutput Model)
Quantitative Research
 Descriptive
Research
 Experimental
Research
 QuasiExperimental
Research
 CausalComparative
Research
 Survey Research
Qualitative Research
 Case Study
 Historical
Research
Mixed Methods
Research
 Explanatory
Sequential Design
 Exploratory
Sequential Design
IV-DV Model
(Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Model)
Quantitative Research
 Correlational
Research
 Experimental
Research
 QuasiExperimental
Research
 CausalComparative
Research
PC Model (PredictorCriterion Model)
Quantitative Research
 Correlational
Research
 Regression
Analysis
 Mixed Methods
Research
 Convergent
Parallel Design
P Model (Input-ProcessOutput-Outcome
(feedback if applicable)
Model)
Quantitative Research
 Experimental
Research
 QuasiExperimental
Research
Qualitative Research
 Phenomenological
Research
 Narrative
Research
 Case Study
Mixed Methods
Research
 Embedded Design
 Transformative
Design
POM (Proposed Original
Model)
Qualitative Research
 Grounded Theory
 Ethnographic
Research
Mixed Methods
Research
 Any model based
on a newly
proposed
theoretical
framework
Statement of the Problem (and Hypothesis or Assumption(or/and), if required)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
●
Start with a preliminary statement by writing the main problem.
●
Followed by the sub-problems which serve as the main objectives of the study.
●
The research questions are often called SOPs or statements of the problem.
●
The SOps must be numbered from 1, 2, 3 and so forth
●
The last SOP should be a statement of output of the study. This is the part where the
researcher will make tangible contribution to be proposed in the place of study. (if
applicable)
●
Hypothesis and/or assumption based on the Problem
Scope and Delimitation of the Study (This should be <2 – 4> paragraph only, < 1 page)
The 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How) are fundamental questions used in
research to guide investigation and analysis. Here's how they apply to research:
1. WHO – Identifies the subjects or participants of the study.
●
Who are the respondents?
2. WHAT – Defines the topic, problem, or variables being studied.
●
What is the research about?
3. WHEN – Specifies the timeframe of the study.
●
When will the research take place?
4. WHERE – Describes the location or setting of the study.
●
Where will the research be conducted?
5. WHY – Explains the purpose or significance of the study.
●
Why is the research important?
6. HOW – Details the methodology and process of the study.
●
How will the study be conducted?
What are the limitations of the study?
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Significance of the Study (<10 beneficiaries only)
●
Enumerate the beneficiaries of the study from micro to macro format
●
State how the beneficiaries will gain from the findings of the study. Should be at least 4
sentences each only.
Definition of Terms ( <10 terms only)
●
Terms used in the title, SOPs and in the study in general must be defined operationally
and/or conceptually. Alphabetical order and should be at least 4 sentences each only.
●
DO NOT include terms which are repeatedly used in the study
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
(have at least 2 – 5> sentences only as introductory for this Chapter)
1st format for Chapter 2 (each citation should have 2 paragraph each paragraph consist of 4
sentences each, 1 paragraph consist of the content of the citation, 2nd paragraph are for the
connection of citation)
1st theme (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
2nd theme (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
3rd theme (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
4th theme (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
So on and So fort <3 - 10> themes
Synthesis of the Related Studies (the paragraph count of the synthesis should be align with the
heading of the related literature of studies (e.g. 4 headings = 4 paragraph, and 1 conclusion)
2nd Format For Chapter 2 (each citation should have 2 paragraph each paragraph consist of
4 sentences each, 1 paragraph consist of the content of the citation, 2nd paragraph are for
the connection of citation)
Related Literature
Foreign Literature (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
Local Literature (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Related Studies
Foreign Studies (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
Local Studies (at least 5 for SHS at least 5 for undergraduate, 10 for MS and 15 for PhD)
Synthesis of the Related Studies (the paragraph count of the synthesis should be align with the
heading of the related literature of studies (e.g. 4 headings = 4 paragraph, and 1 conclusion)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
(have at least 2 – 5> sentences only as introductory for this Chapter)
Research Design (2 paragraph consist of 7 sentences each only)
a. What is the research design of the study
b. Discuss the use of the research design in the study
a. What is the research method of the study
b. Discuss the use of the research method in the study
1. Qualitative Research
(Focuses on exploring and understanding human experiences, behaviors, and meanings.)
Case Study – In-depth analysis of a specific individual, group, or situation.
Ethnographic Research – Study of cultural phenomena within natural settings.
Phenomenological Research – Examines lived experiences of individuals.
Narrative Research – Explores personal stories and experiences.
Grounded Theory – Develops theories based on data collected from participants.
Historical Research – Examines past events to understand present implications.
2. Quantitative Research
(Uses numerical data to analyze relationships, patterns, and trends.)
Descriptive Research – Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.
Correlational Research – Examines relationships between variables.
Experimental Research – Investigates cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables.
Quasi-Experimental Research – Similar to experimental research but lacks random assignment.
Causal-Comparative Research – Compares two or more groups based on an independent variable.
Survey Research – Collects data from a large population using questionnaires or interviews.
3. Mixed Methods Research
(Combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches for a comprehensive analysis.)
Explanatory Sequential Design – Quantitative data is collected first, followed by qualitative data
to explain findings.
Exploratory Sequential Design – Qualitative data is gathered first, then quantitative data is used
to generalize findings.
Convergent Parallel Design – Both qualitative and quantitative data are collected simultaneously
and analyzed together.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Embedded Design – One type of data (qualitative or quantitative) is embedded within the other to
provide additional insights.
Transformative Design – Uses a theoretical framework to guide the combination of qualitative
and quantitative data.
Population of the Study (2 paragraph consist of 7 sentences only)
a. Present a table of the population of the study (if any)
b. State the inclusion and exclusion criteria in selecting the participants
c. Description of each group of participants
d. Sampling technique (if any)
Locale of the Study (1 paragraphconsist of 10 sentneces only)
a. Describe the setting in relation to the direction of the study
b. Reason/s of choosing the place of study
c. If necessary, a map may be presented using the appropriate means of presenting it in
a research paper
Data Gathering Tool/s (2-4 paragraph consist of 5 sentences only, have table as possible)
a. Research instrument used in the study
b. Sources of the contents of the research tool.
c. Was the research tool contents based on a law, manual, etc or self-constructed?
d. Did your tool undergo tool validation?
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
e. Indicate the result of the reliability test, if applicable, depending on the research
design of the study.
f. What kind of validation was used?
g. How many validated the tool? Qualifications of the validators? State the process of
validation.
Data Gathering Procedure (3-5 paragraph consist of 7 sentences each only)
a. Present and discuss the procedures on how the data will be gathered (step-by-step
procedure)
b. What will be the frame of the study? When will be the gathering of the data?
c. Did you conduct Key Informant Interview (KII), focus group discussion (FGD)?
Please indicate and indicate the procedure used.
Treatment of the Data (by Statement of the problem Have formula for each treatment)
a. Statistical treatment used (for quantitative study)
b. Data treatment used (for qualitative study)
c. Discuss how the data was treated
d. The treatment of the data must be presented per SOP
Ethical Considerations (2 paragraph consist of 7 sentences each only)
a. Did you use an informed consent form? State it here and discuss how it was used.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
b. Discuss the procedure to be done for unwilling participants
c. Did you use a questionnaire/interview guide in gathering data? Discuss the ethical
considerations during the process.
d. Did you involve minors, women, senior citizens, persons deprived of liberty, persons
with disabilities and other sectors? Discuss how you involve them considering
research ethics.
Dissemination of the Research Outcome (if applicable) (3 paragraph consist of 7 sentences
each only)
a. Discuss the method in disseminating the outcome of the research
b. Some methods include publication, presentation in a
forum/seminar/convention, making a letter with the salient findings to be sent
to the target recipients, etc.
c. Beneficiaries (be guided by the significance of the study)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(have at least 2 – 5> sentences only as introductory for this Chapter)
(have at least 2 – 5> sentences only as introductory for this Chapter)
3.1 Write the SOP no. 1
a. Present the findings per SOP - Present the findings using tables, pies, graphs, textual,
etc, whatever is best applicable.
b. Analyze the findings
c. Interpret the findings
d. Cross-referencing/Corroborating with:
-
theories/philosophies
-
Related foreign and local studies
-
Related foreign and local literature
-
Laws/ regulations/ manual provisions
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Example:
3.2 Level of Implementation of the CHED Memorandum Order No. 15 as Perceived by
Private HEIs in the National Capital Region
This section presents the answers for the second sub-problem of the study. Table 1
presents the data on the level of implementation of the CHED memorandum order No. 15 as
perceived by private HEIs in the NCR. Please note that the PCCR shall use the modified APA
table format as presented below.
Table 1.
Level of Implementation of the CHED Memorandum Order No. 15 as Perceived by Private HEIs
in the National Capital Region (N=500)
Students
Indicators
Faculty
Overall
Mean
VI
Mean
VI
Mean
VI
1. This space is for indicator no.
1 of the questionnaire
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
2. This space is for indicator no.
2 of the questionnaire
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
Overall Weighted Mean
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
4.00
VMI
In this paragraph, present the data from the table but not in a form of table reading. The
researcher must strategize in presenting the data. It can be done by presenting the overall mean,
top three (3) means, and the lowest three (3) means with their respective verbal interpretations.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
This is not always the case. There are other writing styles that you can adopt. You may cite the
indicators but NOT verbatim to have a continuous flow of the ideas.
In this paragraph, analyze the findings, interpret the findings and make a synthesis at the
end of the paragraph.
In the last paragraph, present the corroborations and cross-referencing by using the
Studies and literature from the Chapter 2 of the study. All the theories and philosophies must be
used at least once in chapter 4.
The VI stands for Verbal Interpretation (like VMI or Very Much Implemented). The font
size inside the table may be reduced into 10.
3.3 Prevalence of crimes in Tondo, Manila in 2022
In this space, introduce the pie below. Write a short introduction about the sub-problem
you are answering.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Figure 1. This is only one of the examples of pie graphs. Write here the title.
In the first paragraph, present the findings based on the pie above. Make sure to use
appropriate pie graphs. The one presented in this document is not always appropriate to all study.
Thus, you need to consult your adviser and statistician, and panel members.
In the second paragraph, analyze the findings.
Interpret the findings.
Cross-referencing/Corroboration (theories/philosophies, literature, researches, interview,
etc)
3.4 Write here the approved SOP 4
The same above, the bar graph must be introduced here so that the readers will have an
idea on what shall be read in this portion of the study. The present immediately follows the bar
graph below.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Figure 3. This is only one of the examples of bar graphs. Write here the title.
In this portion of the study, apply the same expected contents presented above. This
includes the presentation of the textual findings, analysis and interpretation and
corroborations/cross-referencing.
3.5 Perceived factors affecting the image of the PNP in public.
This part provides a guide if your SOP is a qualitative one. In the first paragraph,
introduce the sub-problem that is being answered.
Present the themes and sub-themes individually. Interpret and discuss each theme and
provide corroborations from the theories, philosophies, literature, etc.
3.5.1 Theme 1. Discuss the theme, interpret the theme, and provide corroborations and
cross references.
3.5.2 Theme 2. Discuss the theme, interpret the theme, and provide corroborations and
cross references.
3.5.3 Theme 3. Discuss the theme, interpret the theme, and provide corroborations and
cross references.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Outcome of the Study (Write the title)(if applicable)
a. Every thesis/dissertation must have an outcome. The outcomes are what the study
wants or needs to achieve. The outputs are the actions or items that contribute to
achieving an outcome.
b. The output and outcome maybe integrated as an SOP or a part of the conceptual
framework of the study
c. The output maybe an action plan, program, manual, model, proposed
ordinance/policy, etc depending on the study
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
●
This part presents the summary of the findings per SOP.
●
No more discussion of the findings.
●
Do not include the SOPs anymore. Write directly the findings in paragraph form.
●
Do not include the SOPs in this section.
Conclusions
●
The conclusions must be based on the findings of the study presented in paragraph form
Recommendations
1. The recommendations must be numbered and must be based on the summary of findings
and conclusions
2. Recommend for the adoption of the outcome of the study (all beneficiaries are came form
the significance of the Study)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
*The IMRAD Format is like the Standard Format but the read
headings in the table of Part of research will be incorporated to the
heading see page 5
References
1.1 Books
Single author:
Lastname, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Vicente, J. B. (2016). Handbook in criminal investigation. Wiseman Books Trading” Quezon City
Two Authors:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Hagos, L., & Reynoso, M. (2020). in the Philippines. Rex Books Store: Pasay City.
Three or More Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., et al. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Bartolome, K. A., Lumanlan, P. B., Delizo, D. B., et al. (2023). Understanding research methods.
National Books Store: Manila City
1.2 Published Researches
Single Author:
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL if
available.
Example:
Wacnag, M. (2022). The use of a new thesis format. Journal of Psychology, 24(3), 134-141.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10401234.2021.1415278
Two Authors:
Narra, D. A., & Breva, D. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range.
DOI or URL if available.
Example:
Virtudazo, J., & Johnson, M. (2021). The impact of exercise on cognitive functioning in older
adults. Aging & Mental Health, 23(5), 615-623.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1468343
Three or More Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., et al. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL if available.
Example:
Timpac, T. A., Las-igan, R. B., Claro, L. C., et al. (2020). Examining the relationship between
sleep and academic performance in college students. Sleep Health, 6(2), 160-167.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.006
1.3 Journals and Magazines
Journal
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), page range. DOI or URL (if
available)
Example:
Pagandiyan, J. (2023). The importance of thesis and dissertation format: A Review of Literature.
Journal of Social Psychology, 159(2), 152-167.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1546921
Magazine
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume(issue), page range.
Example:
Parker, S. (2022, March 14). The Art of Baking Bread. Bon Appétit, 45(3), 56-61.
1.4 Unpublished Researches
Format
Lastname, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation. Write the word “Unpublished
thesis/dissertation” at <names of school, address of school> (name of city/province,
Philippine).
Example:
Vicente, J. B. (2023). Exploring the impact of online learning on student engagement and
academic performance in higher education. Unpublished dissertation at, Manila.
1.5 Online Sources
Webpage with an Author:
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article or webpage. Title of website or publisher. URL
Example:
Levy, A. (2022, February 2). The Mental Health Benefits of Nature: Why it's Time to Get
Outdoors. Time. https://time.com/6141647/mental-health-benefits-nature/
Webpage with No Author:
Title of webpage. (Year). Title of website or publisher. URL
Example:
National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). Depression.
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml
Online Article
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of magazine, newspaper, or journal,
volume number(issue number), page range. DOI or URL
Example:
Parker-Pope, T. (2022, March 8). Anxiety and depression in children are on the rise. Here's what
parents can do. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/08/well/family/anxiety-depression-children.html
1.6 Other
Personal communications
Author, A. A. <name of interviewee> (Year Month Day). Write “Personal communication.” Place
of interview.
Example:
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Vicente, J. B. (2023, January 31). Personal communication in Manila City, Philippines.
Conference proceedings:
Author, A. A. <name of presenter/speaker> (Year Month Day). Title of presentation or title of
speech. Title of conference. Place of conference.
Example:
Cano, G. J. (2023, January 1). Crafting of TOS pros and cons. PCAP National Conference. Midas
Hotel and Casino, Pasay City, Philippines.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Appendix A
Letter to the Dean of Graduate School
<date>
Jezree B. Vicente, PhD
Dean, Graduate School
641 Sales St., Sta Cruz, Manila
Dear Dean Vicente:
A pleasant day.
The undersigned is a student of <state your course in full> and is currently writing a dissertation
entitled <state the title of your dissertation in full text>. I had my dissertation proposal defense last
<state the date of your proposal defense>. The members of the dissertation examination committee
approved my proposal paper last <state the date of approval of the dean, as the last signatory>.
In this regard, may I ask permission from your office to commence the data gathering. Upon the
approval of your office of this letter, I will make a letter to the concerned key personalities to
coordinate the data gathering.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours.
<leave 4 spaces>
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Researcher
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Noted by:
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Adviser
Approved:
Jezreel B. Vicente, PhD
Dean
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the final manuscript, the original letter, with signatures and with mark
“RECEIVED” should be scanned and attached here.
Appendix C
Letter to the Research Participants
SAMPLE OF LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
(Remove this part when you make the actual letter)
<date>
Dear <Respondent/Informant>,
The undersigned is a student of <state your course in full> and is currently writing a dissertation
entitled <state the title of your dissertation in full text> as the terminal requirement to finish the
degree. The purpose of this research is to <state the main purpose only.>
In this regard, may I request you to answer the attached questionnaire/interview guide questions
about my study. Rest assured that the data collected will be used solely for this research without
compromising the confidentiality and integrity of the agency you represent.
You have the right to refuse to participate in this research study. Also, you have the right to withdraw
the information you provided to the researcher. Should you want to withdraw, you can email the
research at <state your email address>.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours.
<leave 4 spaces>
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Researcher
Noted by:
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Adviser
Approved:
Jezreel B. Vicente, PhD
Dean
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the final manuscript, the original letter, with signatures and with mark
“RECEIVED” should be scanned and attached here.
Appendix D
Letter to the Tool Validator
<Date>
JSUPT JUAN DELA CRUZ
Warden
Manila City Jail Male Dorm
Manila
Dear Sir:
The undersigned is a student of <state your course in full> and is currently writing a dissertation
entitled <state the title of your dissertation in full text> as the terminal requirement to finish the
degree. The purpose of this research is to <state the main purpose only.>
Considering your expertise about the study, the undersigned is seeking your assistance to serve as
validator of the research instrument to be used.
Please check the attached instrument/s.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours.
<leave 4 spaces>
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Researcher
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Noted by:
Firstname M.I. Surname, PhD
Adviser
Approved:
Jezreel B. Vicente, PhD
Dean
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the final manuscript, the original letter, with signatures and with mark
“RECEIVED” should be scanned and attached here.
Appendix E
Research Instrument/s
<If you have used a questionnaire and/or interview guide, attach it here. Do not create another
appendix for other instruments. If you have two instruments, put the two instruments under
Appendix D>
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Appendix F
Certification by the Tool Validator
This is to certify that I have reviewed and validated the tools used in the conduct of the
<thesis/dissertation>:
Title
Author
Program
Adviser
Institution
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
The undersigned certifies that the instrument/s in the study <was/were> carefully evaluated
and validated. The undersigned ensured that the items are reliable and valid measures of the
constructs they were intended to measure, the questions are clear, concise, and easy to understand
for the target population.
Issued this <date>th day of <month>, 2023 at <city/municipality and province of the
editor>.
<signature>
Firstname Middle Name Surname
<Position and Institution>
Tool Validator
Appendix G
Informed Consent Form
Introduction. You are invited to participate in this research study with the details
provided in the table. Your participation is voluntary, and you are free to withdraw at any time
without penalty. This form explains the nature of the study and the procedures that will be
followed. Please read this form carefully and ask any questions you may have before deciding
whether or not to participate.
Title
Author
Program
Adviser
Institution
Confidentiality. All answers that you will provide the researcher will be treated with
utmost confidentiality. Your responses will be used for this study only. The data shall be
destroyed by the researcher after the study is completed and defended.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Voluntary Participation. Participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right to
withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Refusal to participate or withdrawal from
the study is allowed.
Contact Information. If you have any questions about the study, please feel free to
contact the author (<email address>) or adviser (<email address>) named above.
Consent. I have read and understood the above information and have been given the
opportunity to consider and ask questions regarding my involvement in this study. I have spoken
directly to the author of this study who answered to my satisfaction all my questions. I have
received a copy of this Participant's Information and Informed Consent Form. I hereby
voluntarily agree to participate in this study.
<signature>
Firstname Middlename Surname
<date>
Appendix H
Certification by the English Grammar Editor
This is to certify that the manuscript has been edited by the undersigned. The following
issues have been corrected: grammar and syntax, spelling and word choice, punctuation, clarity and
coherence, conciseness, sentence structure, style and tone, and phrasing.
Title
Author
Program
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Adviser
Institution
Issued this <date>th day of <month>, 2023 at <city/municipality and province of the
editor>.
<signature>
Firstname Middlename Surname
<Position and Institution>
Editor
Appendix I
Certification by the Format Editor
This is to certify that the manuscript has been edited by the undersigned. The following
issues have been corrected: page layout and margins, font and size, headings and subheadings,
tables and figures, references and in-text citations, appendices.
Title
Author
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Program
Adviser
Institution
Issued this 29th day of August, 2023 at Sta Cruz, Manila.
<signature>
Firstname Middlename Surname
<Position and Institution>
Editor
Appendix J
Certification by the Statistician (IF ANY)
I hereby certify that I have reviewed and analyzed the statistical data and results presented
in the <thesis/dissertation>:
Title
Author
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Program
Adviser
Institution
In my capacity as a statistician, I have carefully examined the research design, data
collection methods, sampling techniques, and statistical tools used in the study. Based on my
analysis, the statistical results presented in the paper are accurate, reliable, and valid. I confirm that
all statistical tables, graphs, and figures presented in the thesis are clear, concise, and appropriately
labeled.
Issued this <date>th day of <month>, 2023 at <city/municipality and province of the
editor>.
<signature>
Firstname Middlename Surname
<Position and Institution>
Statistician
Appendix K
Research Photo Documentation
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
This photo was taken during the proposal defense.
This photo shows the researcher during the data gathering. The participants’s faces were
concealed for confidentiality purposes
This screenshot was taken during the final oral defense.
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Appendix L
Other Appendices as Maybe Necessary
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
(Instructional Material, Book, Manual, Memo used as major basis of the study, law that is used
primary in the study, or any material that is relevant to the study)
CURRICULUM VITAE
Firstname Middlename Surname
Camdas, Baguio City (DO NOT include house #)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
<write the degree program in full>
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level
Post Graduate
(if any)
Graduate
Tertiary
Vocational
(if any)
Secondary
Elementary
Degree
(Year graduated, awards, if any)
Ph.D. in (2010)
MS in (2007)
School & Address
Manila City
University of Baguio
Baguio City
BS in (2003)
● Pres. GMA Academic Award
● Journalism Award as the Editor-inChief
● Leadership Award
NC II and Training Methodology (TM)
in Security Services (2015)
PLT College, Inc.
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Baguio City School of Arts and
Trades, Baguio City
High School Diploma (1999)
● First Honorable Mention
● Leadership Award
Tinoc National High School,
Tinoc, Ifugao
Elementary Diploma (1996)
● Special Academic Award
Tinoc Central School
Tinoc, Ifugao
AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS RECEIVED
Awards/Citation Received
Award Giving Body
Philippine Federation of Professional
Distinguished Professional
Associations, Inc. (PFPA)
Date
Jan 11, 2022
NATIONAL EXAMINATION PASSED
Examination
Administering Body
Board Criminologists
Professional Regulatory Board of
Licensure Examination
August 4-6, 2003 in Baguio City
PROFESSIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE
Position/Work
Agency/ Company/ Institution
Dean
Graduate School, PCCR
Inclusive Date
Aug 2022-Present
MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Organization
Position
Asian Criminological Society (ACS)
Member
Duration
Lifetime (2018)
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THESIS AND DISSERTATION MANUAL
Professional Criminologists Association of the
Phils, Inc. (PCAP)
Member
RESEARCHES COMPLETED, IF ANY
Title
Funding
Lifetime (2021)
Date Completed (Indicate, if published)
January 2023 Issue
Compliance of a Patrol Unit on
the Standard Patrol Policies and
Protocols of the Philippine
National Police
Published at GreenField Advanced Research
Publishing House
PUBLISHED MATERIALS, IF ANY
Title
Fundamentals of Criminal
Investigation (2nd Ed)
ISBN/ ISMN
ISBN 978-971-9617-82-2
Publishing Company
Wiseman’s Books Trading
Quezon City - 2016
SEMINARS/ TRAININGS/ SCHOOLINGS COMPLETED
Training/Schooling
Organizer/Date
Digital Forensic Investigation Course (DFIC)
NFSTI, Camp Vicente Lim (2021-2022)
Include your seminars, especially if related to the
study to justify your authority
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.
<signature>
<FirstName MiddleName SurName >
Researcher
IMPORTANT NOTES:
1. The CV contents above are samples only.
2. This template of CV must be used by all PCCR GSC thesis and dissertation writers and must
be attached to their research paper as appendix
3. The part of the CV maybe deleted if the researcher has no information to write
4. All information violative to the Data Privacy Law shall not be included in the CV, such as
personal information and other personal circumstances not favorable to the researcher.
5. The contents of the sample CV highlighted RED are subject to change by the concerned
researcher
36